1
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Lawson SE, Roberts RJ, Leznoff DB, Warren JJ. Dramatic Improvement of Homogeneous Carbon Dioxide and Bicarbonate Electroreduction Using a Tetracationic Water-Soluble Cobalt Phthalocyanine. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22306-22317. [PMID: 39083751 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) offers the opportunity to transform a greenhouse gas into valuable starting materials, chemicals, or fuels. Since many CO2 capture strategies employ aqueous alkaline solutions, there is interest in catalyst systems that can act directly on such capture solutions. Herein, we demonstrate new catalyst designs where the electroactive molecules readily mediate the CO2-to-CO conversion in aqueous solutions between pH 4.5 and 10.5. Likewise, the production of CO directly from 2 M KHCO3 solutions (pH 8.2) is possible. The improved molecular architectures are based on cobalt(II) phthalocyanine and contain four cationic trimethylammonium groups that confer water solubility and contribute to the stabilization of activated intermediates via a concentrated positive charge density around the active core. Turnover frequencies larger than 103 s-1 are possible at catalyst concentrations of down to 250 nM in CO2-saturated solutions. The observed rates are substantially larger than the related cobalt phthalocyanine-containing catalysts. Density functional theory calculations support the idea that the excellent catalytic properties are attributed to the ability of the cationic groups to stabilize CO2-bound reduced intermediates in the catalytic cycle. The homogeneous, aqueous CO2 reduction that these molecules perform opens new frontiers for further development of the CoPc platform and sets a greatly improved baseline for CoPc-mediated CO2 upconversion. Ultimately, this discovery uncovers a strategy for the generation of platforms for practical CO2 reduction catalysts in alkaline solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheryn E Lawson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC, Burnaby V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Ryan J Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC, Burnaby V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Daniel B Leznoff
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC, Burnaby V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC, Burnaby V5A1S6, Canada
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2
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Le Dé Q, Valyaev DA, Simonneau A. Nitrogen Fixation by Manganese Complexes - Waiting for the Rush? Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400784. [PMID: 38709147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Manganese is currently experiencing a great deal of attention in homogeneous catalysis as a sustainable alternative to platinum group metals due to its abundance, affordable price and low toxicity. While homogeneous nitrogen fixation employing well-defined transition metal complexes has been an important part of coordination chemistry, manganese derivatives have been only sporadically used in this research area. In this contribution, the authors systematically cover manganese organometallic chemistry related to N2 activation spanning almost 60 years, identify apparent pitfalls and outline encouraging perspectives for its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Le Dé
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
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3
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Feng W, Xiong Y, Zhang P, Li M, Zhang Y, Li F, Chen L. Bio-inspired bimetallic models for electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8604-8607. [PMID: 38690878 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) active site where two metal ions synergistically catalyze the interconversion between CO2 and CO, we have developed a family of rhenium dipyridine derivatives (1-3), in which potassium 1-aza-18-crown-6-ether (KN18C6) moiety functions as a Lewis acid to assist the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). We found that such design leads to dramatically strong deposition on the electrode under CO2 in the presence of potassium cation, and a clear trend for the deposition rate was observed following the flexibility of linkage between the framework and the KN18C6 moiety; the more flexible, the faster. The origin of deposition was further characterized by a series of control experiments and infrared spectroelectrochemistry (IR-SEC). Unfortunately, the deposition suppresses the subsequent C-O bond cleavage reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Minghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
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4
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Patra S, Atta S, Ghosh S, Majumdar A, Dey A. Kinetic isotope effect offers selectivity in CO 2 reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4826-4829. [PMID: 38618750 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06336d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A binuclear Ni complex with N,O donors catalyzes CO2 reduction via its Ni(I) state. The product distribution when H2O is used as a proton source shows similar yields for CO, HCOOH and H2. However, when D2O is used, the product distribution shows a ∼65% selectivity for HCOOH. In situ FTIR indicates that the reaction involves a Ni-COO* and a Ni-CO intermediate. Differences in H/D KIEs on different protonation pathways determine the selectivity of CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Patra
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
| | - Sayan Atta
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
| | - Soumili Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
| | - Amit Majumdar
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India.
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5
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Nguyen BX, Sonea A, Warren JJ. Further Understanding the Roles of Solvent, Brønsted Acids, and Hydrogen Bonding in Iron Porphyrin-Mediated Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17602-17611. [PMID: 37847220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Improving our understanding of how molecules and materials mediate the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to upgraded products is of great interest as a means to address climate change. A leading class of molecules that can facilitate the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) is iron porphyrins. These molecules can have high rate constants for CO2-to-CO conversion; they are robust, and they rely on abundant and inexpensive synthetic building blocks. Important foundational work has been conducted using chloroiron 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPPCl) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. A related and recent report points out that the corresponding perchlorate complex, FeTPPClO4, can have superior function due to its solubility in other organic solvents. However, the importance of hydrogen bonding and solvent effects was not discussed. Herein, we present a detailed kinetic study of the triflate (CF3SO3-) complex of FeTPP in DMF and in MeCN using a range of phenol Brønsted acid additives. We also detected the formation of Fe(III)TPP-phenolate complexes using cyclic voltammetry experiments. Importantly, our new analysis of apparent rate constants with different added phenols allows for a modification to the established mechanistic model for CO2-to-CO conversion. Critically, our improved model accounts for hydrogen bonding and solvent effects by using simple hydrogen bond acidity and basicity descriptors. We use this augmented model to rationalize function in other reported porphyrin systems and to make predictions about operational conditions that can enhance the CO2 reduction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Qing Y, Wu Q, He S, Zhang P, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Huang F, Li F, Chen L. Effects of proton tunneling distance on CO 2 reduction by Mn terpyridine species. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14309-14313. [PMID: 37779480 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report two manganese terpyridine dicarbonyl complexes, covalently attached to a proximal (1) or distal (2) amide moiety at the ortho position of the pendent phenyl ring as a proton relay. The isomer 1 achieves a turnover frequency (TOF) of 325 s-1 with a minor overpotential of ca. 200 mV. The performance ranks it among the most efficient molecular catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion, and it is ca.2 orders faster than isomer 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Qianqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Shuanglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
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7
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De La Torre P, An L, Chang CJ. Porosity as a Design Element for Developing Catalytic Molecular Materials for Electrochemical and Photochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302122. [PMID: 37144618 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) using sustainable energy inputs is a promising strategy for upcycling of atmospheric carbon into value-added chemical products. This goal has inspired the development of catalysts for selective and efficient CO2 conversion using electrochemical and photochemical methods. Among the diverse array of catalyst systems designed for this purpose, 2D and 3D platforms that feature porosity offer the potential to combine carbon capture and conversion. Included are covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous molecular cages, and other hybrid molecular materials developed to increase active site exposure, stability, and water compatibility while maintaining precise molecular tunability. This mini-review showcases catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) that incorporate well-defined molecular elements integrated into porous materials structures. Selected examples provide insights into how different approaches to this overall design strategy can augment their electrocatalytic and/or photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia De La Torre
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Lun An
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
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8
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Lawson SE, Leznoff DB, Warren JJ. Contemporary Strategies for Immobilizing Metallophthalocyanines for Electrochemical Transformations of Carbon Dioxide. Molecules 2023; 28:5878. [PMID: 37570849 PMCID: PMC10421282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallophthalocyanine (PcM) coordination complexes are well-known mediators of the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). They have many properties that show promise for practical applications in the energy sector. Such properties include synthetic flexibility, a high stability, and good efficiencies for the reduction of CO2 to useful feedstocks, such as carbon monoxide (CO). One of the ongoing challenges that needs to be met is the incorporation of PcM into the heterogeneous materials that are used in a great many CO2-reduction devices. Much progress has been made in the last decade and there are now several promising approaches to incorporate PcM into a range of materials, from simple carbon-adsorbed preparations to extended polymer networks. These approaches all have important advantages and drawbacks. In addition, investigations have led to new proposals regarding CO2 reduction catalytic cycles and other operational features that are crucial to function. Here, we describe developments in the immobilization of PcM CO2 reduction catalysts in the last decade (2013 to 2023) and propose promising avenues and strategies for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel B. Leznoff
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada;
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada;
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9
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Chen W, Fan WY, Sohail M, Madrahimov ST, Bengali AA. Solubilizing Metal-Organic Frameworks for an In Situ IR-SEC Study of a CO 2 Reduction Catalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16593-16597. [PMID: 36943895 PMCID: PMC10848202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are typically assembled by bridging metal centers with organic linkers for various applications, including providing robust support for heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 reduction. In this study, we have demonstrated the solubilization of a MOF tethered to a CO2-reducing electrocatalyst and studied its fundamental electrochemistry in THF solvent using infrared spectroelectrochemistry (IR-SEC). The fundamental electrochemical properties of this immobilized catalyst were compared to that of its homogeneous counterpart. This approach provides a foundation for future experimental studies to bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmiao Chen
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
Qatar, PO Box 23874, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Galveston, Texas 77553, United States
| | - Wai Yip Fan
- National
University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
Qatar, PO Box 23874, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sherzod T. Madrahimov
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
Qatar, PO Box 23874, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashfaq A. Bengali
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
Qatar, PO Box 23874, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Taseska T, Yu W, Wilsey MK, Cox CP, Meng Z, Ngarnim SS, Müller AM. Analysis of the Scale of Global Human Needs and Opportunities for Sustainable Catalytic Technologies. Top Catal 2023; 66:338-374. [PMID: 37025115 PMCID: PMC10007685 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-023-01799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe analyzed the enormous scale of global human needs, their carbon footprint, and how they are connected to energy availability. We established that most challenges related to resource security and sustainability can be solved by providing distributed, affordable, and clean energy. Catalyzed chemical transformations powered by renewable electricity are emerging successor technologies that have the potential to replace fossil fuels without sacrificing the wellbeing of humans. We highlighted the technical, economic, and societal advantages and drawbacks of short- to medium-term decarbonization solutions to gauge their practicability, economic feasibility, and likelihood for widespread acceptance on a global scale. We detailed catalysis solutions that enhance sustainability, along with strategies for catalyst and process development, frontiers, challenges, and limitations, and emphasized the need for planetary stewardship. Electrocatalytic processes enable the production of solar fuels and commodity chemicals that address universal issues of the water, energy and food security nexus, clothing, the building sector, heating and cooling, transportation, information and communication technology, chemicals, consumer goods and services, and healthcare, toward providing global resource security and sustainability and enhancing environmental and social justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teona Taseska
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | - Wanqing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | | | - Connor P. Cox
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | - Ziyi Meng
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | - Soraya S. Ngarnim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
| | - Astrid M. Müller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, NY USA
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11
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Huffman BL, Bein GP, Atallah H, Donley CL, Alameh RT, Wheeler JP, Durand N, Harvey AK, Kessinger MC, Chen CY, Fakhraai Z, Atkin JM, Castellano FN, Dempsey JL. Surface Immobilization of a Re(I) Tricarbonyl Phenanthroline Complex to Si(111) through Sonochemical Hydrosilylation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:984-996. [PMID: 36548441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A sonochemical-based hydrosilylation method was employed to covalently attach a rhenium tricarbonyl phenanthroline complex to silicon(111). fac-Re(5-(p-Styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl (5-(p-styrene)-phen = 5-(4-vinylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline) was reacted with hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) in an ultrasonic bath to generate a hybrid photoelectrode. Subsequent reaction with 1-hexene enabled functionalization of remaining atop Si sites. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms attachment of the organometallic complex to silicon without degradation of the organometallic core, supporting hydrosilylation as a strategy for installing coordination complexes that retain their molecular integrity. Detection of Re(I) and nitrogen by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further support immobilization of fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under white light illumination indicate that fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl undergoes two electron reductions. Mott-Schottky analysis indicates that the flat band potential is 239 mV more positive for p-Si(111) co-functionalized with both fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl and 1-hexene than when functionalized with 1-hexene alone. XPS, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mott-Schottky analysis show that functionalization with fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl and 1-hexene introduces a negative interfacial dipole, facilitating reductive photoelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gabriella P Bein
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Hala Atallah
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Reem T Alameh
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan P Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Nicolas Durand
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Alexis K Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew C Kessinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Cindy Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joanna M Atkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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12
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Group 6 (Cr, Mo, W) and Group 7 (Mn, Re) bipyridyl tetracarbonyl complex for electrochemical CO2 conversion: DFT and DLPNO-CCSD(T) study for effects of the central metal on redox potential, thermodynamics, and kinetics. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Guyot M, Lalloz MN, Aguirre-Araque JS, Rogez G, Costentin C, Chardon-Noblat S. Rhenium Carbonyl Molecular Catalysts for CO 2 Electroreduction: Effects on Catalysis of Bipyridine Substituents Mimicking Anchorage Functions to Modify Electrodes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16072-16080. [PMID: 36166597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterogenization of molecular catalysts on (photo)electrode surfaces is required to design devices performing processes enabling to store renewable energy in chemical bonds. Among the various strategies to immobilize molecular catalysts, direct chemical bonding to conductive surfaces presents some advantages because of the robustness of the linkage. When the catalyst is, as it is often the case, a transition metal complex, the anchoring group has to be connected to the complex through the ligands, and an important question is thus raised on the influence of this function on the redox and on the catalytic properties of the complex. Herein, we analyze the effect of conjugated and non conjugated substituents, structurally close to anchoring functions previously used to immobilize a rhenium carbonyl bipyridyl molecular catalyst for supported CO2 electroreduction. We show that carboxylic ester groups, mimicking anchoring the catalyst via carboxylate binding to the surface, have a drastic effect on the catalytic activity of the complex toward CO2 electroreduction. The reasons for such an effect are revealed via a combined spectro-electrochemical analysis showing that the reducing equivalents are mainly accumulated on the electron-withdrawing ester on the bipyridine ligand preventing the formation of the rhenium(0) center and its interaction with CO2. Alternatively, alkyl-phosphonic ester substituents, not conjugated with the bpy ligand, mimicking anchoring the catalyst via phosphonate binding to the surface, allow preserving the catalytic activity of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Guyot
- DCM, CNRS, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Rogez
- CNRS, IPCMS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67034, France
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14
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Scherpf T, Carr CR, Donnelly LJ, Dubrawski ZS, Gelfand BS, Piers WE. A Mesoionic Carbene-Pyridine Bidentate Ligand That Improves Stability in Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction by a Molecular Manganese Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13644-13656. [PMID: 35981323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tricarbonyl Group 7 complexes have a longstanding history as efficacious CO2 electroreduction catalysts. Typically, these complexes feature an auxiliary 2,2'-bipyridine ligand that assists in redox steps by delocalizing the electron density into the ligand orbitals. While this feature lends to an accessible redox potential for CO2 electroreduction, it also presents challenges for electrocatalysis with Mn because the electron density is removed from metal-ligand bonding orbitals. The results presented here thus introduce a mesoionic carbene (MIC) as a potent ligand platform to promote Mn-based electrocatalysis. The strong σ donation of the N,C-bidentate MIC is shown to help centralize the electron density on the Mn center while also maintaining relevant redox potentials for CO2 electroreduction. Mechanistic investigation supports catalytic turnover at two operative potentials separated by 400 mV. In the low operating potential regime at -1.54 V, Mn(0) species catalyze CO2 to CO and CO32-, which has a maximum rate of 7 ± 5 s-1 and is stable for up to 30.7 h. At higher operating potential at -1.94 V, "Mn(-1)" catalyzes CO2 to CO and H2O with faster turnovers of 200 ± 100 s-1, with the trade-off being less stability at 6.7 h. The relative stabilities of Mn complexes bearing MIC and 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine were compared by evaluation under the same electrolysis conditions and therefore elucidated that the MIC promotes longevity for CO evolution throughout a 5 h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Scherpf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Cody R Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Laurie J Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zachary S Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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15
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Siritanaratkul B, Eagle C, Cowan AJ. Manganese Carbonyl Complexes as Selective Electrocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction in Water and Organic Solvents. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:955-965. [PMID: 35285618 PMCID: PMC9007415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The electrochemical
reduction
of CO2 provides a way
to sustainably generate carbon-based fuels and feedstocks. Molecular
CO2 reduction electrocatalysts provide tunable reaction
centers offering an approach to control the selectivity of catalysis.
Manganese carbonyl complexes, based on [Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br]
and its derivatives (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), are particularly
interesting due to their ease of synthesis and the use of a first-row
earth-abundant transition metal. [Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br] was first
shown to be an active and selective catalyst for reducing CO2 to CO in organic solvents in 2011. Since then, manganese carbonyl
catalysts have been widely studied with numerous reports of their
use as electrocatalysts and photocatalysts and studies of their mechanism. This class of Mn catalysts only shows CO2 reduction
activity with the addition of weak Brønsted acids. Perhaps surprisingly,
early reports showed increased turnover frequencies as the acid strength
is increased without a loss in selectivity toward CO evolution. It
may have been expected that the competing hydrogen evolution
reaction could have led to lower selectivity. Inspired by these works
we began to explore if the catalyst would work in protic solvents,
namely, water, and to explore the pH range over which it can operate.
Here we describe the early studies from our laboratory that first
demonstrated the use of manganese carbonyl complexes in water and
then go on to discuss wider developments on the use of these catalysts
in water, highlighting their potential as catalysts for use in aqueous
CO2 electrolyzers. Key to the excellent selectivity
of these catalysts in the presence
of Brønsted acids is a proton-assisted CO2 binding
mechanism, where for the acids widely studied, lower pKa values actually favor CO2 binding over Mn–H
formation, a precursor to H2 evolution. Here we discuss
the wider literature before focusing on our own contributions in validating
this previously proposed mechanism through the use of vibrational
sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroelectrochemistry. This allowed
us to study [Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br] while it is at, or near, the
electrode surface, which provided a way to identify new catalytic
intermediates and also confirm that proton-assisted CO2 binding operates in both the “dimer” and primary (via
[Mn(bpy)(CO)3]−) pathways. Understanding
the mechanism of how these highly selective catalysts operate is important
as we propose that the Mn complexes will be valuable models to guide
the development of new proton/acid tolerant CO2 reduction
catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin Siritanaratkul
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and the Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K
| | - Catherine Eagle
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and the Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and the Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K
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16
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Carr CR, Koenig JDB, Grant MJ, Piers WE, Welch GC. Boosting CO 2-to-CO evolution using a bimetallic diketopyrrolopyrrole tethered rhenium bipyridine catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01453j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of homogeneous electro- and photo-catalysis involving molecular catalysts offers valuable insight into reaction mechanisms as it relates to the structure–function of these tunable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R. Carr
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Josh D. B. Koenig
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael J. Grant
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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17
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Synthesis and redox properties of heterobimetallic Re(bpyCrown-M)(CO)3Cl complexes, where M = Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Ba2+. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Saund SS, Siegler MA, Thoi VS. Electrochemical Degradation of a Dicationic Rhenium Complex via Hoffman-Type Elimination. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13011-13020. [PMID: 34492759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) by transition-metal catalysts is an attractive means for storing renewably sourced electricity in chemical bonds. Metal coordination compounds represent highly tunable platforms ideal for studying the fundamental stepwise transformations of CO2 into its reduced products. However, metal complexes can decompose upon extended electrolysis and form chemically distinct molecular species or, in some cases, catalytically active electrode deposits. Deciphering the degradative pathways is important for understanding the nature of the active catalyst and designing robust metal complexes for small-molecule activation. Herein, we present a new dicationic rhenium bipyridyl complex capable of multielectron ligand-centered reductions electrochemically. Our in-depth experimental and computational study provides mechanistic insight into an unusual reductively induced Hoffman-type elimination. We identify benzylic tertiary ammonium groups as an electrolytically susceptible moiety and propose key intermediates in the degradative pathway. This investigation highlights the complex interplay between the ligand and metal ion and will guide the future design of metal-organic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran S Saund
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - V Sara Thoi
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Isegawa M, Sharma AK. Photochemical conversion of CO 2 to CO by a Re complex: theoretical insights into the formation of CO and HCO 3− from an experimentally detected monoalkyl carbonate complex. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37713-37725. [PMID: 35498088 PMCID: PMC9044022 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triethanolamine (TEOA) has been used for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, and the experimental studies have demonstrated that the TEOA increases the catalytic efficiency. In addition, the formation of a carbonate complex has been confirmed in the Re photocatalytic system where DMF and TEOA are used as solvents. In this study, we survey the reaction pathways of the photocatalytic conversions of CO2 to CO + H2O and CO2 to CO + HCO3− by fac-Re(bpy)(CO)3Br in the presence of TEOA using density functional theory (DFT) and domain-based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster approach, DLPNO-CCSD(T). Under light irradiation, the solvent-coordinated Re complex is first reduced to form a monoalkyl carbonate complex in the doublet pathway. This doublet pathway is kinetically advantageous over the singlet pathway. To reduce carbon dioxide, the Re complex needs to be reduced by two electrons. The second electron reduction occurs after the monoalkyl carbonate complex is protonated. The second reduction involves the dissociation of the monoalkyl carbonate ligand, and the dissociated ligand recombines the Re center via carbon to generate Re–COOH species, which further reacts with CO2 to generate tetracarbonyl complex and HCO3−. The two-electron reduced ligand-free Re complex converts CO2 to CO and H2O. The pathways leading to H2O formation have lower barriers than the pathways leading to HCO3− formation, but their portion of formation must depend on proton concentration. DFT and DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations proposed a pathway for the conversion of the experimentally detected monoarkyl carbonate complex to tetracarbonyl complex.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Isegawa
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akhilesh K. Sharma
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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