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Abu Kassim NL, Mohd Bakri SK, Nusrat F, Salim E, Manjurul Karim M, Rahman MT. Time-based changes in authorship trend in research-intensive universities in Malaysia. Account Res 2024; 31:56-71. [PMID: 35758245 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2094256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Considering the fact that publications serve as an important criterion to evaluate the scientific accomplishments of an individual within respective fields in academia, there has been an increasing trend to publish scientific articles whereby multiple authors are defined as primary, co-, or corresponding authors according to the roles performed. This article analyzes the authorship pattern in 4,561 papers (including 60 single-authored papers) from 1990 till 2020 of 94 academics who hold a position as professors and are affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine at three different research universities in Malaysia. Only 708 papers (15.5% of 4,561 papers) were authored by less than three authors. In 3,080 papers (67.5% of 4,561 papers), those academics appeared as coauthors. Using different years as cutoff periods, it was observed that the appearance as coauthor in the papers had steeply risen around the years: 2006, 2007, 2008 and onwards. The increased number of authors in the multi-author papers and the appearance of the selected academics as coauthors reflect the extent of boosting of collaborative research in that period which corresponds to the adoption of the "publish or perish policy" by the Ministry of Higher Education in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Lide Abu Kassim
- Faculty of Education, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Fariha Nusrat
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Elnaz Salim
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Clairbaux M, Rönkä M, Anker-Nilssen T, Artukhin Y, Danielsen J, Gavrilo M, Gilchrist G, Hansen ES, Hedd A, Kaler R, Kuletz K, Olsen B, Mallory ML, Merkel FR, Strøm H, Fort J, Grémillet D. An ecologically sound and participatory monitoring network for pan-Arctic seabirds. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14287. [PMID: 38745504 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In a warming Arctic, circumpolar long-term monitoring programs are key to advancing ecological knowledge and informing environmental policies. Calls for better involvement of Arctic peoples in all stages of the monitoring process are widespread, although such transformation of Arctic science is still in its infancy. Seabirds stand out as ecological sentinels of environmental changes, and priority has been given to implement the Circumpolar Seabird Monitoring Plan (CSMP). We assessed the representativeness of a pan-Arctic seabird monitoring network focused on the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) by comparing the distribution of environmental variables for all known versus monitored colonies. We found that with respect to its spatiotemporal coverage, this monitoring network does not fully embrace current and future environmental gradients. To improve the current scheme, we designed a method to identify colonies whose inclusion in the monitoring network will improve its ecological representativeness, limit logistical constraints, and improve involvement of Arctic peoples. We thereby highlight that inclusion of study sites in the Bering Sea, Siberia, western Russia, northern Norway, and southeastern Greenland could improve the current monitoring network and that their proximity to local populations might allow increased involvement of local communities. Our framework can be applied to improve existing monitoring networks in other ecoregions and sociological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Clairbaux
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mia Rönkä
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Yuri Artukhin
- Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | | | - Maria Gavrilo
- Association Maritime Heritage, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Grant Gilchrist
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - April Hedd
- Wildlife Research Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Robert Kaler
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Kathy Kuletz
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Bergur Olsen
- Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Flemming Ravn Merkel
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | | | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - David Grémillet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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3
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Hosseini M, Holcombe AO, Kovacs M, Zwart H, Katz DS, Holmes K. Group authorship, an excellent opportunity laced with ethical, legal and technical challenges. Account Res 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38445637 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2024.2322557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Group authorship (also known as corporate authorship, team authorship, consortium authorship) refers to attribution practices that use the name of a collective (be it team, group, project, corporation, or consortium) in the authorship byline. Data shows that group authorships are on the rise but thus far, in scholarly discussions about authorship, they have not gained much specific attention. Group authorship can minimize tensions within the group about authorship order and the criteria used for inclusion/exclusion of individual authors. However, current use of group authorships has drawbacks, such as ethical challenges associated with the attribution of credit and responsibilities, legal challenges regarding how copyrights are handled, and technical challenges related to the lack of persistent identifiers (PIDs), such as ORCID, for groups. We offer two recommendations: 1) Journals should develop and share context-specific and unambiguous guidelines for group authorship, for which they can use the four baseline requirements offered in this paper; 2) Using persistent identifiers for groups and consistent reporting of members' contributions should be facilitated through devising PIDs for groups and linking these to the ORCIDs of their individual contributors and the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of the published item.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex O Holcombe
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marton Kovacs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
- MNB Institute, John von Neumann University, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Hub Zwart
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Katz
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kristi Holmes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Copete JC, Kik A, Novotny V, Cámara-Leret R. The importance of Indigenous and local people for cataloging biodiversity. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:1112-1114. [PMID: 37723016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous and local peoples' (ILPs) role in cataloging life on Earth has been significant but underappreciated. ILPs knowledge faces growing cultural and biological threats. Greater participation by ILPs in research would make science more efficient, conservation more sustainable, and traditional knowledge stronger, but formidable obstacles remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Copete
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alfred Kik
- University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31a, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31a, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Rodrigo Cámara-Leret
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ozolinčiūtė E, Bülow W, Bjelobaba S, Gaižauskaitė I, Krásničan V, Dlabolová D, Umbrasaitė J. Guidelines for Research Ethics and Research Integrity in Citizen Science. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e97122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Students and researchers might have diverse ideas about and motivations for citizen science (CS) projects. To prevent uncertainty, we address ethical concerns emerging in CS projects and in CS in general, specifically, the transferability of the ethical skills and knowledge gained within academia (e.g. through studying and research conduct). We dedicate these Guidelines for Research Ethics and Research Integrity in Citizen Science primarily to Masters and Doctoral students and their supervisors, to facilitate CS-related research activities (i.e. mainstream CS) in line with the values of academic integrity. Using a pool of 85 papers, we identified nine topics covering 22 customised guidelines and supplemented them with further readings to build more in-depth knowledge.
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Richie-Halford A, Cieslak M, Ai L, Caffarra S, Covitz S, Franco AR, Karipidis II, Kruper J, Milham M, Avelar-Pereira B, Roy E, Sydnor VJ, Yeatman JD, Satterthwaite TD, Rokem A. An analysis-ready and quality controlled resource for pediatric brain white-matter research. Sci Data 2022; 9:616. [PMID: 36224186 PMCID: PMC9556519 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We created a set of resources to enable research based on openly-available diffusion MRI (dMRI) data from the Healthy Brain Network (HBN) study. First, we curated the HBN dMRI data (N = 2747) into the Brain Imaging Data Structure and preprocessed it according to best-practices, including denoising and correcting for motion effects, susceptibility-related distortions, and eddy currents. Preprocessed, analysis-ready data was made openly available. Data quality plays a key role in the analysis of dMRI. To optimize QC and scale it to this large dataset, we trained a neural network through the combination of a small data subset scored by experts and a larger set scored by community scientists. The network performs QC highly concordant with that of experts on a held out set (ROC-AUC = 0.947). A further analysis of the neural network demonstrates that it relies on image features with relevance to QC. Altogether, this work both delivers resources to advance transdiagnostic research in brain connectivity and pediatric mental health, and establishes a novel paradigm for automated QC of large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Richie-Halford
- Stanford University, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
| | - Lei Ai
- Child Mind Institute, Center for the Developing Brain, New York City, New York, 10022, USA
| | - Sendy Caffarra
- Stanford University, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Sydney Covitz
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Alexandre R Franco
- Child Mind Institute, Center for the Developing Brain, New York City, New York, 10022, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Orangeburg, New York, 10962, USA
| | - Iliana I Karipidis
- Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- University of Zurich, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - John Kruper
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Michael Milham
- Child Mind Institute, Center for the Developing Brain, New York City, New York, 10022, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Orangeburg, New York, 10962, USA
| | - Bárbara Avelar-Pereira
- Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Ethan Roy
- Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Jason D Yeatman
- Stanford University, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Ariel Rokem
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- University of Washington, eScience Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
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Receveur A, Poulet L, Dalmas B, Gonçalves B, Vernay A. Citizen science: How to extend reciprocal benefits from the project community to the broader socio-ecological system. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e20. [PMID: 37077983 PMCID: PMC10095897 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative plant biology is a growing field, thanks to the substantial progress of models and artificial intelligence dealing with big data. However, collecting large enough datasets is not always straightforward. The citizen science approach can multiply the workforce, hence helping the researchers with data collection and analysis, while also facilitating the spread of scientific knowledge and methods to volunteers. The reciprocal benefits go far beyond the project community: By empowering volunteers and increasing the robustness of scientific results, the scientific method spreads to the socio-ecological scale. This review aims to demonstrate that citizen science has a huge potential (i) for science with the development of different tools to collect and analyse much larger datasets, (ii) for volunteers by increasing their involvement in the project governance and (iii) for the socio-ecological system by increasing the share of the knowledge, thanks to a cascade effect and the help of 'facilitators'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Receveur
- OFP/FEMA, Pacific Community, 95 Promenade Roger Laroque, BP D5, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
- CESAB-FRB, 5 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 34000, Montpellier
| | - Lucie Poulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, France
| | - Benjamin Dalmas
- Computer Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3N 1M3, Canada
| | - Barbara Gonçalves
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre Michel de l'Hospital, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Vernay
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Abstract
Field biology is an area of research that involves working directly with living organisms in situ through a practice known as “fieldwork.” Conducting fieldwork often requires complex logistical planning within multiregional or multinational teams, interacting with local communities at field sites, and collaborative research led by one or a few of the core team members. However, existing power imbalances stemming from geopolitical history, discrimination, and professional position, among other factors, perpetuate inequities when conducting these research endeavors. After reflecting on our own research programs, we propose four general principles to guide equitable, inclusive, ethical, and safe practices in field biology: be collaborative, be respectful, be legal, and be safe. Although many biologists already structure their field programs around these principles or similar values, executing equitable research practices can prove challenging and requires careful consideration, especially by those in positions with relatively greater privilege. Based on experiences and input from a diverse group of global collaborators, we provide suggestions for action-oriented approaches to make field biology more equitable, with particular attention to how those with greater privilege can contribute. While we acknowledge that not all suggestions will be applicable to every institution or program, we hope that they will generate discussions and provide a baseline for training in proactive, equitable fieldwork practices.
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Light JE, Keane AS, Evans JW. Updating the Distribution of American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) in Texas Using Community Science, State Agencies, and Natural History Collections. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.3398/064.081.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Light
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Alaya S. Keane
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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Coughlin SS. Coauthorship by patients and other stakeholders with limited knowledge of scientific publishing practices. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 34674711 PMCID: PMC8529850 DOI: 10.1186/s12982-021-00105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Coughlin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, 1120 15thStreet, AE-1042, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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11
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Research Data Management Challenges in Citizen Science Projects and Recommendations for Library Support Services. A Scoping Review and Case Study. DATA SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.5334/dsj-2021-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gratzer K, Brodschneider R. How and why beekeepers participate in the INSIGNIA citizen science honey bee environmental monitoring project. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37995-38006. [PMID: 33728609 PMCID: PMC8302492 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the "contributory" citizen science project INSIGNIA, beekeepers carried out non-invasive sampling of their own honey bee colonies for an environmental investigation of pesticide residues and pollen plant origin. We surveyed several traits and attitudes of 69 of the volunteering beekeepers from ten countries. We found that their motivation was similar to that found in previous studies of environmental volunteer motivation, with helping the environment and contributing to scientific knowledge being strong motivators. Our results suggest that receiving laboratory analysis results of the samples from their colonies is the most meaningful way of appreciation for beekeepers, but is not their primary reason for participation. A citizen scientist beekeeper in this study spent on average 10.4 working hours on the project during a sampling season. Our study indicates that most of our volunteers would participate in similar future investigations, or would recommend participation to other beekeepers, underlining the potential of beekeepers as citizen scientists in honey bee research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Gratzer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz, 8010 Austria
| | - Robert Brodschneider
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz, 8010 Austria
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13
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Rotimi SO, Rotimi OA, Salhia B. Authorship Patterns in Cancer Genomics Publications Across Africa. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:747-755. [PMID: 34033494 PMCID: PMC8457814 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Authorship is a proxy indicator of research capacity. Understanding the research capacity is imperative for developing population-specific cancer control strategies. This is particularly apropos for African nations, where mortality from cancer is projected to surpass that from infectious disease and the populations are critically under-represented in cancer and genomics studies. Here, we present an analysis and discussion of the patterns of authorship in Africa as they pertain to cancer genomics research across African countries. METHODS PubMed metadata of relevant cancer genomics peer-reviewed publications on African populations, published between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2019, were retrieved and analyzed for patterns of authorship affiliation using R packages, RISmed, and Pubmed.mineR. RESULTS The data showed that only 0.016% (n = 375) of cancer publications globally were on cancer genomics of African people. More than 50% of the first and last authors of these publications originated from the North African countries of Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, and Algeria. South Africa (13.6% and 12.7%) and Nigeria (2.2% and 1.9%) were the Sub-Saharan African countries most represented by first and last authorship positions, respectively. The United States contributed 12.6% of first and last authored papers, and nearly 50% of all African countries had no contributing author for the publications we reviewed. CONCLUSION This study highlights and brings awareness to the paucity of cancer genomics research on African populations and by African authors and identifies a need for concerted efforts to encourage and enable more research in Africa, needed for achieving global equity in cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA
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Quinn A. Transparency and secrecy in citizen science: Lessons from herping. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 2021; 85:208-217. [PMID: 33966777 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper I will outline a worry that citizen science can promote a kind of transparency that is harmful. I argue for the value of secrecy in citizen science. My argument will consist of analysis of a particular community (herpers), a particular citizen science platform (iNaturalist, drawing contrasts with other platforms), and my own travels in citizen science. I aim to avoid a simple distinction between science versus non-science, and instead analyze herping as a rich practice [MacIntyre, 2007]. Herping exemplifies citizen science as functioning simultaneously within and outside the sphere of science. I show that herpers have developed communal systems of transmitting and protecting knowledge. Ethical concerns about secrecy are inherently linked to these systems of knowledge. My over-arching aim is to urge caution in the drive to transparency, as the concepts of transparency and secrecy merit close scrutiny. The concerns I raise are complementary to those suggested by previous philosophical work, and (I argue) resist straightforward solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleta Quinn
- Department of Politics and Philosophy, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3165, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
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15
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Vasilevsky NA, Hosseini M, Teplitzky S, Ilik V, Mohammadi E, Schneider J, Kern B, Colomb J, Edmunds SC, Gutzman K, Himmelstein DS, White M, Smith B, O'Keefe L, Haendel M, Holmes KL. Is authorship sufficient for today's collaborative research? A call for contributor roles. Account Res 2021; 28:23-43. [PMID: 32602379 PMCID: PMC7736357 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2020.1779591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Assigning authorship and recognizing contributions to scholarly works is challenging on many levels. Here we discuss ethical, social, and technical challenges to the concept of authorship that may impede the recognition of contributions to a scholarly work. Recent work in the field of authorship shows that shifting to a more inclusive contributorship approach may address these challenges. Recent efforts to enable better recognition of contributions to scholarship include the development of the Contributor Role Ontology (CRO), which extends the CRediT taxonomy and can be used in information systems for structuring contributions. We also introduce the Contributor Attribution Model (CAM), which provides a simple data model that relates the contributor to research objects via the role that they played, as well as the provenance of the information. Finally, requirements for the adoption of a contributorship-based approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Vasilevsky
- Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mohammad Hosseini
- Institute of Ethics, School of Theology, Philosophy and Music, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Ehsan Mohammadi
- School of Information Science College of Information and Communications, University of South Carolina , Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Juliane Schneider
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Kern
- The John Crerar Library, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julien Colomb
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Karen Gutzman
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel S Himmelstein
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marijane White
- Library, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA
| | - Britton Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa O'Keefe
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Haendel
- Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kristi L Holmes
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL, USA
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Rahman MT, Regenstein JM, Abu Kassim NL, Karim MM. Contribution based author categorization to calculate author performance index. Account Res 2020; 28:492-516. [PMID: 33290665 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2020.1860764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widely used author contribution criteria, unethical authorship practices such as guest, ghost, and honorary authorship remain largely unsolved. We have identified six major reasons by analyzing 78 published papers addressing unethical authorship practice. Those are lack of: (i) awareness about and (ii) compliance with authorship criteria, (iii) universal definition and scope for determining authorship, (iv) common mechanisms for positioning an author in the list, (v) quantitative measures of intellectual contribution; and (vi) pressure to publish. As a measure to control unethical practice, we have evaluated the possibility to adopt an author categorization scheme - proposed according to the common understanding of how first-, co-, principal-, or corresponding- author is perceived. Based on an online opinion survey, the scheme was supported by ~80% of the respondents (n=370). The impact of the proposed categorization was then evaluated using a novel mathematical tool to measure "Author Performance Index (API)" that can be higher for those who might have authored more papers as primary and/or principal authors than those as coauthors. Hence, if adopted, the proposed author categorization scheme together with the API would provide a better way to evaluate the credit of an individual as a primary and principal author.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noor Lide Abu Kassim
- Faculty of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Davison A, Thomas P. Internet 'shellebrity' reflects on origin of rare mirror-image snails. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20200110. [PMID: 32486938 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While animal bodies are typically bilaterally symmetric on the outside, the internal organs nearly always show an invariant left-right (LR) asymmetry. In comparison, snails are both internally and externally LR asymmetric, outwardly obvious in the shell coiling direction, or chirality. Although some species of snail are naturally variable for chirality, sinistral individuals occur very rarely in most species. The developmental and genetic basis of these rare mirror-imaged individuals remains mysterious. To resolve this issue, the finding of a 'one in a million' sinistral garden snail called 'Jeremy' was used to recruit citizen scientists to find further sinistral snails. These snails were then bred together to understand whether their occurrence is due an inherited condition. The combined evidence shows that rare sinistral garden snails are not usually produced due to a major effect maternal Mendelian locus. Instead, they are likely mainly produced by a developmental accident. This finding has relevance to understanding the common factors that define cellular and organismal LR asymmetry, and the origin of rare reversed individuals in other animal groups that exhibit nearly invariant LR asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Davison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philippe Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park NG7 2RD, UK
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18
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Hosseini M, Gordijn B. A review of the literature on ethical issues related to scientific authorship. Account Res 2020; 27:284-324. [PMID: 32243214 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2020.1750957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The article at hand presents the results of a literature review on the ethical issues related to scientific authorship. These issues are understood as questions and/or concerns about obligations, values or virtues in relation to reporting, authorship and publication of research results. For this purpose, the Web of Science core collection was searched for English resources published between 1945 and 2018, and a total of 324 items were analyzed. Based on the review of the documents, ten ethical themes have been identified, some of which entail several ethical issues. Ranked on the basis of their frequency of occurrence these themes are: 1) attribution, 2) violations of the norms of authorship, 3) bias, 4) responsibility and accountability, 5) authorship order, 6) citations and referencing, 7) definition of authorship, 8) publication strategy, 9) originality, and 10) sanctions. In mapping these themes, the current article explores major ethical issue and provides a critical discussion about the application of codes of conduct, various understandings of culture, and contributing factors to unethical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosseini
- Institute of Ethics, School of Theology, Philosophy and Music, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bert Gordijn
- Institute of Ethics, School of Theology, Philosophy and Music, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
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