1
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Yamasaki T, Kobayashi Y. Evolving dispersal ability causes rapid adaptive radiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15734. [PMID: 38977746 PMCID: PMC11231149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite a long history of research since Darwin, the mechanism underlying rapid adaptive radiation remains poorly understood. All theories constructed to date require special assumptions, so none can comprehensively explain actual cases found in wide-ranging taxonomic groups. Here, we propose a simple theoretical solution to this problem. Namely, we extend the classical archipelago model of adaptive radiation into a more realistic model by adding one assumption, namely, the evolvability of dispersal ability, which is well supported empirically. Our individual-based simulations with evolvable dispersal ability showed that environmental heterogeneity among islands (or island-like habitats) led to an evolutionary decrease in dispersal ability. However, when islands are rather evenly distributed, as is often the case in actual archipelagos where adaptive radiation has been reported, the decline in dispersal ability that began in some island populations was quickly halted by the continuous influx of immigrants from other islands. The process of reduction in dispersal ability in these island populations was resumed almost synchronously when the dispersal ability began to decrease on the final island, which had maintained high dispersal ability and continued to release migrants for the longest duration. Then, a rapid loss of dispersal ability followed in all island populations. In short, the frequent simultaneous evolution of multiple allopatric incipient species was an inevitable consequence of the properties of ordinary archipelagos in our simulations. This study strongly suggests that the seemingly complex process of rapid radiation is driven by a simple mechanism of evolutionary reduction in dispersal ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamasaki
- Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, 115 Konoyama, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1145, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Kobayashi
- School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, 2-22 Eikokuji-Cho, Kochi, 780-8515, Japan
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2
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Li J, Jiang H, Xie M, Song C, He C, Bian H, Sheng L. Functional characteristics and habitat suitability of threatened birds in northeastern China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11550. [PMID: 38932959 PMCID: PMC11199129 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Northeast China, rich in natural resources and diverse biodiversity, boasts a unique habitat for threatened bird species due to its remote location and perennial cold climate. An analysis assessed the adaptability of these species using data on their geographic distribution and functional traits collected through database queries. The results revealed that threatened bird species share similar functional traits and a stronger phylogenetic signal (Blomberg mean K = 0.39) compared to common species. The Biomod2 model analyzed potentially suitable ranges and environmental drivers under current and future climate scenarios, showing a pattern of larger suitable areas in southern regions and smaller suitable areas in the north. The most critically threatened species faced greater geographical constraints (0.989), with mean annual temperature being a key influence. Altitude and water system distribution were also key factors impacting the distribution of other threatened bird species. Simulated projections under different climate scenarios (RCP 45 and 85) indicated varying degrees of expansion in the suitable range for these species. This research sheds light on the functional traits and distribution of threatened bird species in Northeast China, providing a scientific foundation for future conservation and management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Haibo Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mingjun Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chuantao Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chunguang He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hongfeng Bian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
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3
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Vangestel C, Swaegers J, De Corte Z, Dekoninck W, Gharbi K, Gillespie R, Vandekerckhove M, Van Belleghem SM, Hendrickx F. Chromosomal inversions from an initial ecotypic divergence drive a gradual repeated radiation of Galápagos beetles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk7906. [PMID: 38820159 PMCID: PMC11141621 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Island faunas exhibit some of the most iconic examples where similar forms repeatedly evolve within different islands. Yet, whether these deterministic evolutionary trajectories within islands are driven by an initial, singular divergence and the subsequent exchange of individuals and adaptive genetic variation between islands remains unclear. Here, we study a gradual, repeated evolution of low-dispersive highland ecotypes from a dispersive lowland ecotype of Calosoma beetles along the island progression of the Galápagos. We show that repeated highland adaptation involved selection on multiple shared alleles within extensive chromosomal inversions that originated from an initial adaptation event on the oldest island. These highland inversions first spread through dispersal of highland individuals. Subsequent admixture with the lowland ecotype resulted in polymorphic dispersive populations from which the highland populations evolved on the youngest islands. Our findings emphasize the significance of an ancient divergence in driving repeated evolution and highlight how a mixed contribution of inter-island colonization and within-island evolution can shape parallel species communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Vangestel
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Janne Swaegers
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zoë De Corte
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Karim Gharbi
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Vandekerckhove
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Steven M. Van Belleghem
- Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Hendrickx
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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4
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Dufour P, Sayol F, Cooke R, Blackburn TM, Gallien L, Griesser M, Steinbauer MJ, Faurby S. The importance of migratory drop-off for island colonization in birds. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232926. [PMID: 38628117 PMCID: PMC11021927 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal migration is an underappreciated driver of animal diversification. Changes in migratory behaviour may favour the establishment of sedentary founder populations and promote speciation if there is sufficient reproductive isolation between sedentary and migratory populations. From a systematic literature review, we here quantify the role of migratory drop-off-the loss of migratory behaviour-in promoting speciation in birds on islands. We identify at least 157 independent colonization events likely initiated by migratory species that led to speciation, including 44 cases among recently extinct species. By comparing, for all islands, the proportion of island endemic species that derived from migratory drop-off with the proportion of migratory species among potential colonizers, we showed that seasonal migration has a larger effect on island endemic richness than direct dispersal. We also found that the role of migration in island colonization increases with the geographic isolation of islands. Furthermore, the success of speciation events depends in part on species biogeographic and ecological factors, here positively associated with greater range size and larger flock sizes. These results highlight the importance of shifts in migratory behaviour in the speciation process and calls for greater consideration of migratory drop-off in the biogeographic distribution of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dufour
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ferran Sayol
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rob Cooke
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Tim M. Blackburn
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Laure Gallien
- LECA, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Michael Griesser
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Center for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Manuel J. Steinbauer
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) & Bayreuth Center of Sport Science (BaySpo), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Ara MG, McCulloch GA, Dutoit L, Wallis GP, Ingram T. Genomics reveals repeated landlocking of diadromous fish on an isolated island. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10987. [PMID: 38371863 PMCID: PMC10870334 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Landlocking of diadromous fish in freshwater systems can have significant genomic consequences. For instance, the loss of the migratory life stage can dramatically reduce gene flow across populations, leading to increased genetic structuring and stronger effects of local adaptation. These genomic consequences have been well-studied in some mainland systems, but the evolutionary impacts of landlocking in island ecosystems are largely unknown. In this study, we used a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to examine the evolutionary history of landlocking in common smelt (Retropinna retropinna) on Chatham Island, a small isolated oceanic island 800 kilometres east of mainland New Zealand. We examined the relationship between Chatham Island and mainland smelt and used coalescent analyses to test the number and timing of landlocking events on Chatham Island. Our genomic analysis, based on 21,135 SNPs across 169 individuals, revealed that the Chatham Island smelt was genomically distinct from the mainland New Zealand fish, consistent with a single ancestral colonisation event of Chatham Island in the Pleistocene. Significant genetic structure was also evident within the Chatham Island smelt, with a diadromous Chatham Island smelt group, along with three geographically structured landlocked groups. Coalescent demographic analysis supported three independent landlocking events, with this loss of diadromy significantly pre-dating human colonisation. Our results illustrate how landlocking of diadromous fish can occur repeatedly across a narrow spatial scale, and highlight a unique system to study the genomic basis of repeated adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motia G. Ara
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Department of Marine Fisheries and OceanographyPatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
| | | | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | | | - Travis Ingram
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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6
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Sánchez-Murrieta E, Macías-Duarte A, Castillo-Gámez RA, Varela-Romero A, Montoya AB, Weaver JH, Pacheco-Hoyos NG. Genetic variability and population structure of the Montezuma quail ( Cyrtonyx montezumae) in the northern limit of its distribution. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16585. [PMID: 38089905 PMCID: PMC10712304 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Restricted movement among populations decreases genetic variation, which may be the case for the Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae), a small game bird that rarely flies long distances. In the northern limit of its distribution, it inhabits oak-juniper-pine savannas of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Understanding genetic structure can provide information about the demographic history of populations that is also important for conservation and management. The objective of this study was to determine patterns of genetic variation in Montezuma quail populations using nine DNA microsatellite loci. We genotyped 119 individuals from four study populations: Arizona, Western New Mexico, Central New Mexico, and West Texas. Compared to other quail, heterozygosity was low (H ¯ 0 = 0.22 ± 0.04) and there were fewer alleles per locus (Ā = 2.41 ± 0.27). The global population genetic differentiation index RST = 0.045 suggests little genetic structure, even though a Bayesian allocation analysis suggested three genetic clusters (K = 3). This analysis also suggested admixture between clusters. Nevertheless, an isolation-by-distance analysis indicates a strong correlation (r = 0.937) and moderate evidence (P = 0.032) of non-independence between geographical and genetic distances. Climate change projections indicate an increase in aridity for this region, especially in temperate ecosystems where the species occurs. In this scenario, corridors between the populations may disappear, thus causing their complete isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Macías-Duarte
- Cuerpo Académico de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Reyna A. Castillo-Gámez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Varela-Romero
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Angel B. Montoya
- Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - James H. Weaver
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Fort Davis, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nohelia G. Pacheco-Hoyos
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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7
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Chen YS, Muellner-Riehl AN, Yang Y, Liu J, Dimitrov D, Luo A, Luo Y, Sun H, Wang ZH. Dispersal modes affect Rhamnaceae diversification rates in a differentiated manner. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231926. [PMID: 37989241 PMCID: PMC10688438 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of dispersal modes has been proposed to promote the diversification of angiosperms. However, little is known about the relative impact of different dispersal modes on plant diversification. We test the association between dispersal modes and diversification rates using Rhamnaceae, the cosmopolitan buckthorn family, as a model. We found that species with diplochory have the highest diversification rates followed by those with myrmecochory and ballistic dispersal, while lineages dispersed by vertebrates and wind have relatively low diversification rates. The difference in diversification rates may be closely linked to the difference in dispersal distance and ecological interactions implied by each dispersal mode. Species which disperse over larger geographical distances may have much higher speciation rates due to the increased chance of establishing isolated populations due to geological barriers or habitat fragmentation. However, long-distance dispersal may also increase the chance of extinction. By contrast, species with short-distance dispersal modes may have low speciation rates. Complex interactions with the surrounding environment may, however, impact diversification rates positively by increasing plant survival and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexandra N. Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04013 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04013 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen 7800, 5020, Norway
| | - Ao Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Heng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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8
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Oto Y, Kuroki M, Iida M, Ito R, Nomura S, Watanabe K. A key evolutionary step determining osmoregulatory ability for freshwater colonisation in early life stages of fish. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246110. [PMID: 37767765 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Colonisation of freshwater habitats by marine animals is a remarkable evolutionary event that has enriched biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems. The acquisition of tolerance to hypotonic stress during early life stages is presumed to be essential for their successful freshwater colonisation, but very little empirical evidence has been obtained to support this idea. This study aimed to comprehend the evolutionary changes in osmoregulatory mechanisms that enhance larval freshwater tolerance in amphidromous fishes, which typically spend their larval period in marine (ancestral) habitats and the rest of their life history stages in freshwater (derived) habitats. We compared the life history patterns and changes in larval survivorship and gene expression depending on salinity among three congeneric marine-originated amphidromous goby species (Gymnogobius), which had been suggested to differ in their larval dependence on freshwater habitats. An otolith microchemical analysis and laboratory-rearing experiment confirmed the presence of freshwater residents only in G. urotaenia and higher larval survivorship of this species in the freshwater condition than in the obligate amphidromous G. petschiliensis and G. opperiens. Larval whole-body transcriptome analysis revealed that G. urotaenia from both amphidromous and freshwater-resident populations exhibited the greatest differences in expression levels of several osmoregulatory genes, including aqp3, which is critical for water discharge from their body during early fish development. The present results consistently support the importance of enhanced freshwater tolerance and osmoregulatory plasticity in larval fish to establish freshwater forms, and further identified key candidate genes for larval freshwater adaptation and colonisation in the goby group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeki Oto
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mari Kuroki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Metropolitan 113-8657, Japan
| | - Midori Iida
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, 87 Tassha, Sado City, Niigata Prefecture 952-2135, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ito
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Nomura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture 606-8502, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Watanabe
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture 606-8502, Japan
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9
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Takenaka M, Yano K, Tojo K. Phylogeography of the true freshwater crab, Geothelphusa dehaani: Detected dual dispersal routes via land and sea. ZOOLOGY 2023; 160:126118. [PMID: 37683516 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2023.126118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is an important factor that determines the potential for colonization to pioneer sites. Although most decapods employ seaward migration for reproduction with a planktonic larval phase, true freshwater crabs spend their entire life cycle in freshwater. Therefore, it is expected that genetic regionality can be easily detected. In this study, we focused on true freshwater crabs, Geothelphusa Stimpson, 1858. Herein, we reveal the evolutionary history and dispersal patterns of freshwater crustaceans. We collected and genetically analyzed 283 specimens at 138 localities across the Japanese Islands. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the combined dataset (mtDNA COI, 16S, and nDNA ITS1, histone H3 regions) and the data set based on the mtDNA COI region. The phylogenetic relationships detected 10 clades that were highly monophyletic. The highlights of this study were the discovery of several cryptic species or undescribed species, and the completely different heterogeneous dual dispersal pathways within a single species; i.e., both land and ocean routes. Although it was concluded that Japanese crabs are basically genetically divided by straits, strong evidence for dispersion via ocean currents was also detected (i.e., a "sweepstake"). It was also confirmed that Geothelphusa dehaani (White, 1847) could survive in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takenaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Sugadairakogen 1278-294, Ueda 386-2204, Japan
| | - Koki Yano
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Okazaki 444-0867, Japan
| | - Koji Tojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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10
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Stokes MF, Kim D, Gallen SF, Benavides E, Keck BP, Wood J, Goldberg SL, Larsen IJ, Mollish JM, Simmons JW, Near TJ, Perron JT. Erosion of heterogeneous rock drives diversification of Appalachian fishes. Science 2023; 380:855-859. [PMID: 37228195 DOI: 10.1126/science.add9791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The high levels of biodiversity supported by mountains suggest a possible link between geologic processes and biological evolution. Freshwater biodiversity is high not only in tectonically active settings but also in tectonically quiescent montane regions such as the Appalachian Mountains. We show that erosion through different rock types drove allopatric divergence between lineages of the Greenfin Darter (Nothonotus chlorobranchius), a fish species endemic to rivers draining metamorphic rocks in the Tennessee River basin in the United States. In the past, metamorphic rock preferred by N. chlorobranchius was more widespread, but as erosion exposed other rock types, lineages of this species were progressively isolated in tributaries farther upstream, where metamorphic rock remained. Our results suggest a geologic mechanism for initiating allopatric diversification in mountains long after tectonic activity ceases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya F Stokes
- Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Daemin Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sean F Gallen
- Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Edgar Benavides
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Benjamin P Keck
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Julia Wood
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Samuel L Goldberg
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Isaac J Larsen
- Department of Earth, Geographic, and Climate Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jon Michael Mollish
- Fisheries and Aquatic Monitoring, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN 37415, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Simmons
- Fisheries and Aquatic Monitoring, Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN 37415, USA
| | - Thomas J Near
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - J Taylor Perron
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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11
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Schauf AJ, Jones MF, Oh P. Simulating the dynamics of dispersal and dispersal ability in fragmented populations with mate-finding Allee effects. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10021. [PMID: 37091574 PMCID: PMC10121235 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We consider the spatial propagation and genetic evolution of model populations comprising multiple subpopulations, each distinguished by its own characteristic dispersal rate. Mate finding is modeled in accord with the assumption that reproduction is based on random encounters between pairs of individuals, so that the frequency of interbreeding between two subpopulations is proportional to the product of local population densities of each. The resulting nonlinear growth term produces an Allee effect, whereby reproduction rates are lower in sparsely populated areas; the distribution of dispersal rates that evolves is then highly dependent upon the population's initial spatial distribution. In a series of numerical test cases, we consider how these dynamics affect lattice-like arrangements of population fragments, and investigate how a population's initial fragmentation determines the dispersal rates that evolve as a habitat is colonized. First, we consider a case where initial population fragments coincide with habitat islands, within which death rates differ from those that apply outside; the presence of inhospitable exterior regions exaggerates Allee effect-driven reductions in dispersal ability. We then examine how greater distances separating adjacent population fragments lead to more severe reductions in dispersal ability. For populations of a fixed initial magnitude, fragmentation into smaller, denser patches leads not only to greater losses of dispersal ability, but also helps ensure the population's long-term persistence, emphasizing the trade-offs between the benefits and risks of rapid dispersal under Allee effects. Next, simulations of well-established populations disrupted by localized depopulation events illustrate how mate-finding Allee effects and spatial heterogeneity can drive a population's dispersal ability to evolve either downward or upward depending on conditions, highlighting a qualitative distinction between population fragmentation and habitat heterogeneity. A final test case compares populations that are fragmented across multiple scales, demonstrating how differences in the relative scales of micro- and macro-level fragmentation can lead to qualitatively different evolutionary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Schauf
- Department of PhysicsNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS CitiesNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Matthew F. Jones
- Biodiversity InstituteUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
- Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Poong Oh
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and InformationNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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12
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Laska A, Puchalska E, Mikołajczyk M, Gwiazdowicz DJ, Kaźmierski A, Niedbała W, Błoszyk J, Olszanowski Z, Szymkowiak J, Hałas N, Kuczyński L, Skoracka A. Mites inhabiting nests of wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Aves: Passeriformes), in the Wielkopolska National Park in western Poland. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:393-416. [PMID: 37029286 PMCID: PMC10167128 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (Aves: Passeriformes), is a well-known model organism for studying bird migration, breeding habitat selection and nest predation. The nest acarofauna of this bird species has not been extensively studied so far. To provide a comprehensive report on mite species inhabiting wood warbler nests and to assess infestation parameters (prevalence, intensity, and abundance) for mite species and orders, we collected 45 nests of this bird species in the Wielkopolska National Park in western Poland. Analyses revealed a huge diversity (198 species) of mites inhabiting wood warbler nests. We found individuals belonging to the Mesostigmata, Trombidiformes and Sarcoptiformes. The Trombidiformes, represented in our study only by the Prostigmata, achieved statistically significantly lower intensity and abundance, compared to representatives of other orders. However, the number of recorded prostigmatid species was high (65). The most common were: Stigmaeus sphagneti (22 nests), Stigmaeus longipilis (16), Eupodes voxencollinus (15), Cunaxa setirostris (14), Stigmaeus pilatus (11), and Linopodes sp. 2 (10). The prevalence of Mesostigmata and Sarcoptiformes was equal, reaching 91.1%. Most of Gamasina (Mesostigmata) species found in this study were more characteristic of the soil environment and forest litter than bird nests, but there was also a typical bird parasite, viz. Ornithonyssus sylviarum. None of the observed species of Uropodina (Mesostigmata) or Oribatida (Sarcoptiformes) was typical for bird nests. Among the Uropodina, the highest parameters of nest infestation were achieved by Oodinychus ovalis, whereas among the Oribatida, they were achieved by Metabelba pulverosa. We discuss the importance of wood warbler nests for mite dispersal, survival and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Laska
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Puchalska
- Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Martyna Mikołajczyk
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Gwiazdowicz
- Department of Forest Entomology and Pathology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierski
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Niedbała
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Błoszyk
- Department of General Zoology & Natural History Collections, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ziemowit Olszanowski
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Szymkowiak
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Hałas
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Contador Mejias T, Gañan M, Rendoll-Cárcamo J, Maturana CS, Benítez HA, Kennedy J, Rozzi R, Convey P. A polar insect's tale: Observations on the life cycle of Parochlus steinenii, the only winged midge native to Antarctica. Ecology 2023; 104:e3964. [PMID: 36565174 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Contador Mejias
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Austral Invasive Salmonids (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile.,Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Wankara Laboratory, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Melisa Gañan
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Austral Invasive Salmonids (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile.,Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Wankara Laboratory, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Javier Rendoll-Cárcamo
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Austral Invasive Salmonids (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile.,Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Wankara Laboratory, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Claudia S Maturana
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile.,Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Wankara Laboratory, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Hugo A Benítez
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - James Kennedy
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile.,Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Wankara Laboratory, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Ricardo Rozzi
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile.,Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, Wankara Laboratory, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Department of Philosophy and Religion Studies, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Convey
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile.,Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile.,British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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14
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McCulloch GA, Waters JM. Rapid adaptation in a fast-changing world: Emerging insights from insect genomics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:943-954. [PMID: 36333958 PMCID: PMC10100130 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers have questioned the ability of biota to adapt to rapid anthropogenic environmental shifts. Here, we synthesize emerging genomic evidence for rapid insect evolution in response to human pressure. These new data reveal diverse genomic mechanisms (single locus, polygenic, structural shifts; introgression) underpinning rapid adaptive responses to a variety of anthropogenic selective pressures. While the effects of some human impacts (e.g. pollution; pesticides) have been previously documented, here we highlight startling new evidence for rapid evolutionary responses to additional anthropogenic processes such as deforestation. These recent findings indicate that diverse insect assemblages can indeed respond dynamically to major anthropogenic evolutionary challenges. Our synthesis also emphasizes the critical roles of genomic architecture, standing variation and gene flow in maintaining future adaptive potential. Broadly, it is clear that genomic approaches are essential for predicting, monitoring and responding to ongoing anthropogenic biodiversity shifts in a fast-changing world.
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15
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Campbell CSM, Dutoit L, King TM, Craw D, Burridge CP, Wallis GP, Waters JM. Genome‐wide analysis resolves the radiation of New Zealand's freshwater
Galaxias vulgaris
complex and reveals a candidate species obscured by mitochondrial capture. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Tania M. King
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Dave Craw
- Department of Geology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Christopher P. Burridge
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
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16
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Forni G, Martelossi J, Valero P, Hennemann FH, Conle O, Luchetti A, Mantovani B. Macroevolutionary Analyses Provide New Evidence of Phasmid Wings Evolution as a Reversible Process. Syst Biol 2022; 71:1471-1486. [PMID: 35689634 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that complex ancestral traits can never be recovered after their loss is still widely accepted, despite phylogenetic and molecular approaches suggest instances where phenotypes may have been lost throughout the evolutionary history of a clade and subsequently reverted back in derived lineages. One of the first and most notable examples of such a process is wing evolution in phasmids; this polyneopteran order of insects, which comprises stick and leaf insects, has played a central role in initiating a long-standing debate on the topic. In this study, a novel and comprehensive time tree including over 300 Phasmatodea species is used as a framework for investigating wing evolutionary patterns in the clade. Despite accounting for several possible biases and sources of uncertainty, macroevolutionary analyses consistently revealed multiple reversals to winged states taking place after their loss, and reversibility is coupled with higher species diversification rates. Our findings support a loss of or reduction in wings that occurred in the lineage leading to the extant phasmid most recent common ancestor, and brachyptery is inferred to be an unstable state unless co-opted for nonaerodynamic adaptations. We also explored how different assumptions of wing reversals probability could impact their inference: we found that until reversals are assumed to be over 30 times more unlikely than losses, they are consistently inferred despite uncertainty in tree and model parameters. Our findings demonstrate that wing evolution is a reversible and dynamic process in phasmids and contribute to our understanding of complex trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giobbe Forni
- Dip. Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Martelossi
- Dip. Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Luchetti
- Dip. Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Mantovani
- Dip. Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Italy
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17
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Suárez D, Arribas P, Jiménez-García E, Emerson BC. Dispersal ability and its consequences for population genetic differentiation and diversification. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220489. [PMID: 35582805 PMCID: PMC9115014 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal ability is known to influence geographical structuring of genetic variation within species, with a direct relationship between low vagility and population genetic structure, which can potentially give rise to allopatric speciation. However, our general understanding of the relationship between dispersal ability, population differentiation and lineage diversification is limited. To address this issue, we sampled mitochondrial DNA variation within lineages of beetles and spiders across the Canary Islands to explore the relationships between dispersal ability, differentiation within lineages and diversification. We found positive relationships between population genetic structure and diversification for both beetles and spiders. Comparisons between dispersive and non-dispersive lineages revealed significant differences for both lineage differentiation and diversification. For both taxa, non-dispersive lineages had stronger population genetic structure. Genus-level endemic species richness and proxies for diversification rate within genera were higher in non-dispersive taxa for both beetles and spiders. Comparisons of average and maximum node divergences within genera suggest that species turnover may be higher in non-dispersive genera. Our results reveal a model where dispersal limitation may shape the diversity of lineages across evolutionary timescales by positively influencing intraspecific and species diversity, moderated by higher extinction rates compared to more dispersive lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Suárez
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, CSIC Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain,School of Doctoral and Postgraduate Studies, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Paula Arribas
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, CSIC Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
| | - Eduardo Jiménez-García
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, CSIC Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain,School of Doctoral and Postgraduate Studies, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, CSIC Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
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18
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Custer GF, Bresciani L, Dini-Andreote F. Ecological and Evolutionary Implications of Microbial Dispersal. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855859. [PMID: 35464980 PMCID: PMC9019484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is simply defined as the movement of species across space and time. Despite this terse definition, dispersal is an essential process with direct ecological and evolutionary implications that modulate community assembly and turnover. Seminal ecological studies have shown that environmental context (e.g., local edaphic properties, resident community), dispersal timing and frequency, and species traits, collectively account for patterns of species distribution resulting in either their persistence or unsuccessful establishment within local communities. Despite the key importance of this process, relatively little is known about how dispersal operates in microbiomes across divergent systems and community types. Here, we discuss parallels of macro- and micro-organismal ecology with a focus on idiosyncrasies that may lead to novel mechanisms by which dispersal affects the structure and function of microbiomes. Within the context of ecological implications, we revise the importance of short- and long-distance microbial dispersal through active and passive mechanisms, species traits, and community coalescence, and how these align with recent advances in metacommunity theory. Conversely, we enumerate how microbial dispersal can affect diversification rates of species by promoting gene influxes within local communities and/or shifting genes and allele frequencies via migration or de novo changes (e.g., horizontal gene transfer). Finally, we synthesize how observed microbial assemblages are the dynamic outcome of both successful and unsuccessful dispersal events of taxa and discuss these concepts in line with the literature, thus enabling a richer appreciation of this process in microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon F Custer
- Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Luana Bresciani
- Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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19
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Neupert S, McCulloch GA, Foster BJ, Waters JM, Szyszka P. Reduced olfactory acuity in recently flightless insects suggests rapid regressive evolution. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:50. [PMID: 35429979 PMCID: PMC9013461 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Insects have exceptionally fast smelling capabilities, and some can track the temporal structure of odour plumes at rates above 100 Hz. It has been hypothesized that this fast smelling capability is an adaptation for flying. We test this hypothesis by comparing the olfactory acuity of sympatric flighted versus flightless lineages within a wing-polymorphic stonefly species.
Results
Our analyses of olfactory receptor neuron responses reveal that recently-evolved flightless lineages have reduced olfactory acuity. By comparing flighted versus flightless ecotypes with similar genetic backgrounds, we eliminate other confounding factors that might have affected the evolution of their olfactory reception mechanisms. Our detection of different patterns of reduced olfactory response strength and speed in independently wing-reduced lineages suggests parallel evolution of reduced olfactory acuity.
Conclusions
These reductions in olfactory acuity echo the rapid reduction of wings themselves, and represent an olfactory parallel to the convergent phenotypic shifts seen under selective gradients in other sensory systems (e.g. parallel loss of vision in cave fauna). Our study provides evidence for the hypothesis that flight poses a selective pressure on the speed and strength of olfactory receptor neuron responses and emphasizes the energetic costs of rapid olfaction.
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20
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Yamaguchi R. Intermediate dispersal hypothesis of species diversity: New insights. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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21
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Salisbury S, McCracken GR, Perry R, Keefe D, Layton KKS, Kess T, Nugent CM, Leong JS, Bradbury IR, Koop BF, Ferguson MM, Ruzzante DE. The Genomic Consistency of the Loss of Anadromy in an Arctic Fish (Salvelinus alpinus). Am Nat 2022; 199:617-635. [DOI: 10.1086/719122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Cheplick GP. Philomatry in plants: why do so many species have limited seed dispersal? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:29-45. [PMID: 34679185 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many have noted limited seed dispersal of plants in diverse environments and attempted evolutionary explanations for it. Although philopatric ("love of fatherland") is used by zoologists to describe organisms that remain near their place of origin, philomatric ("love of motherland") is proposed as more appropriate for plants because seeds develop on the maternal parent, fecundity and dispersal are maternally influenced characteristics, and the term dovetails with the mother-site hypothesis (MSH) for the evolution of restricted dispersal. Proximate reasons for philomatry include intrinsic drivers such as morphological features of diaspores and where on the maternal parent they are produced. Extrinsic drivers include local environmental conditions, surrounding vegetation, and ineffective dispersal agents. The MSH proposes that selection should favor philomatry in a population adapted to a particular habitat because offspring will likewise be adapted to that same habitat. Several studies show philomatry can mitigate distance-dependent costs of dispersing into surrounding inhospitable areas. Undispersed diaspores can eliminate energetic costs of accessory structures or biochemicals needed by dispersible diaspores, but it is unclear whether these costs are significant to the evolution of philomatry. Disadvantages of limited dispersal are inability to escape deteriorating habitat conditions, inability to colonize new habitats, and inbreeding among offspring. Heterocarpic species offset these disadvantages by producing dispersed plus undispersed diaspores. A conceptual framework is presented relating dispersal distance to the probability of seedling establishment. Future research should recognize dispersal as a covarying syndrome of multiple life history traits and focus on ecological selection agents that favor philomatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Cheplick
- Biology Program, Plant Science Subprogram, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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23
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Mishra A, Tung S, Sruti VS, Shreenidhi P, Dey S. Desiccation stress acts as cause as well as cost of dispersal in Drosophila melanogaster. Am Nat 2021; 199:E111-E123. [DOI: 10.1086/718641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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McCulloch GA, Guhlin J, Dutoit L, Harrop TWR, Dearden PK, Waters JM. Genomic signatures of parallel alpine adaptation in recently evolved flightless insects. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:6677-6686. [PMID: 34592029 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection along elevational gradients has potential to drive predictable adaptations across distinct lineages, but the extent of such repeated evolution remains poorly studied for many widespread alpine taxa. We present parallel genomic analyses of two recently evolved flightless alpine insect lineages to test for molecular signatures of repeated alpine adaptation. Specifically, we compare low-elevation vs. alpine stonefly ecotypes from parallel stream populations in which flightless upland ecotypes have been independently derived. We map 67,922 polymorphic genetic markers, generated across 176 Zelandoperla fenestrata specimens from two independent alpine stream populations in New Zealand's Rock and Pillar Range, to a newly developed plecopteran reference genome. Genome-wide scans revealed 31 regions with outlier single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) differentiating lowland vs. alpine ecotypes in Lug Creek, and 37 regions with outliers differentiating ecotypes in Six Mile Creek. Of these regions, 13% (8/60) yielded outlier SNPs across both within-stream ecotype comparisons, implying comparable genomic shifts contribute to this repeated alpine adaptation. Candidate genes closely linked to repeated outlier regions include several with documented roles in insect wing-development (e.g., dishevelled), suggesting that they may contribute to repeated alpine wing reduction. Additional candidate genes have been shown to influence insect fecundity (e.g., ovo) and lifespan (e.g., Mrp4), implying that they might contribute to life history differentiation between upland and lowland ecotypes. Additional outlier genes have potential roles in the evolution of reproductive isolation among ecotypes (hedgehog and Desaturase 1). These results demonstrate how replicated outlier tests across independent lineages can potentially contribute to the discovery of genes underpinning repeated adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Guhlin
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Thomas W R Harrop
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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25
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Foster BJ, McCulloch GA, Vogel MFS, Ingram T, Waters JM. Anthropogenic evolution in an insect wing polymorphism following widespread deforestation. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210069. [PMID: 34376076 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental change can underpin major shifts in natural selective regimes, and can thus alter the evolutionary trajectories of wild populations. However, little is known about the evolutionary impacts of deforestation-one of the most pervasive human-driven changes to terrestrial ecosystems globally. Absence of forest cover (i.e. exposure) has been suggested to play a role in selecting for insect flightlessness in montane ecosystems. Here, we capitalize on human-driven variation in alpine treeline elevation in New Zealand to test whether anthropogenic deforestation has caused shifts in the distributions of flight-capable and flightless phenotypes in a wing-polymorphic lineage of stoneflies from the Zelandoperla fenestrata species complex. Transect sampling revealed sharp transitions from flight-capable to flightless populations with increasing elevation. However, these phenotypic transitions were consistently delineated by the elevation of local treelines, rather than by absolute elevation, providing a novel example of human-driven evolution in response to recent deforestation. The inferred rapid shifts to flightlessness in newly deforested regions have implications for the evolution and conservation of invertebrate biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brodie J Foster
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Marianne F S Vogel
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Institut Agro, Rennes, France
| | - Travis Ingram
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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26
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Pak N, Wu S, Gibson JF. The evolution of marine dwelling in Diptera. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11440-11448. [PMID: 34429931 PMCID: PMC8366842 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine dwelling in Diptera has been relatively unexplored and the frequency of transitions to the marine environment and the evolutionary history remain poorly understood. By reviewing records from the World Register of Marine Species and using ancestral state reconstruction methods, we build on the fly tree of life phylogeny and ecological descriptions of marine life history. Our ancestral state reconstruction analyses suggest marine dwelling is lacking as an ancestral trait for the most recent common ancestor to Diptera. While many transitions in Empidoidea, Sciomyzoidea, Tipulomorpha, and Culicomorpha seem to have been gradual, other transitions in Tephritoidea and Tabanomorpha were found likely to have been stochastic occurrences. From the collection of 532 marine species, we reveal several independent transitions to the marine environment throughout the fly tree of life. Considering the results from our analysis, we outline potential adaptations for marine flies and discuss the barriers of colonizing the marine environment and the implications to the mechanisms for salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pak
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephanie Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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27
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Fenker J, McCulloch GA, Vasconcellos MM, Silva DC, Domingos FMCB. Digest: Dispersal reduction drives rapid diversification in alpine grasshoppers. Evolution 2021; 75:2132-2134. [PMID: 34189736 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal-associated traits -such as flight ability- influence how species move across the landscape, and can dramatically impact their distributions and patterns of genetic structure. Ortego et al. examine genomic data from two recently diverged alpine grasshopper lineages with distinct wing sizes to assess the demographic impacts of flight loss. The authors showed that flight loss may lead to asymmetric introgression during speciation, and can significantly increase rates of intraspecific diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fenker
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Daiana Cardoso Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
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28
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Waters JM, McCulloch GA. Reinventing the wheel? Reassessing the roles of gene flow, sorting and convergence in repeated evolution. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4162-4172. [PMID: 34133810 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biologists have long been intrigued by apparently predictable and repetitive evolutionary trajectories inferred across a variety of lineages and systems. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing analyses have started to transform our understanding of such repetitive shifts. While researchers have traditionally categorized such shifts as either "convergent" or "parallel," based on relatedness of the lineages involved, emerging genomic insights provide an opportunity to better describe the actual evolutionary mechanisms at play. A synthesis of recent genomic analyses confirms that convergence is the predominant driver of repetitive evolution among species, whereas repeated sorting of standing variation is the major driver of repeated shifts within species. However, emerging data reveal numerous notable exceptions to these expectations, with recent examples of de novo mutations underpinning convergent shifts among even very closely related lineages, while repetitive sorting processes have occurred among even deeply divergent taxa, sometimes via introgression. A number of very recent analyses have found evidence for both processes occurring on different scales within taxa. We suggest that the relative importance of convergent versus sorting processes depends on the interplay between gene flow among populations, and phylogenetic relatedness of the lineages involved.
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29
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Takenaka M, Shibata S, Ito T, Shimura N, Tojo K. Phylogeography of the northernmost distributed Anisocentropus caddisflies and their comparative genetic structures based on habitat preferences. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4957-4971. [PMID: 33976862 PMCID: PMC8093727 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the factors that determine the distribution ranges of organisms is necessary to understand their evolutionary and ecological significance and contribution to biodiversity. A very effective mean of studying such factors is to compare the distribution characteristics and genetic structures of closely related species with differing habitat preferences. Freshwater aquatic insects are relatively easy to observe and the basis of their corresponding niche differentiation easier to identify. Freshwater habitats are categorized lotic or lentic water according to flow regime. In Japanese Islands, the genus Anisocentropus of the calamoceratid caddisfly, the target group in this study, was morphologically reconfirmed that three species, that is, Anisocentropus kawamurai, A. pallidus, and A. magnificus. Among these, A. kawamurai prefers lotic environments and A. pallidus is adapted to lentic water habitats. The distribution range of these sister species overlaps within the Japanese Islands. We estimated the phylogeny and the evolutionary history of Anisocentropus caddisflies worldwide. We estimated divergence periods by two methods, a single locus with various specimens and multiple loci with reduced numbers of the specimens. As a result, we elucidated the phylogenetic position of Japanese species within the cosmopolitan genus Anisocentropus, and also revealed their dual origin. In addition, we demonstrated that the contrasting genetic structures between the sister species distributed in widely overlapping areas were due to differentiation in their respective adapted environmental preferences. Although, in general, it is known that species adapted to lentic water have greater dispersal potential and so are associated with wider distribution areas by means of examining their comparative genetic structures, we revealed a new pattern of genetic locality existing in the genetic structures of the species adapted to lentic water. We then present evidence that suggests the ecological preferences of a species are an important factor in understanding the evolutionary history of that species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takenaka
- Division of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental BiologyNational Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
| | - Saki Shibata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
| | | | | | - Koji Tojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
- Institute of Mountain ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
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30
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Yamaguchi R, Iwasa Y, Tachiki Y. Recurrent speciation rates on islands decline with species number. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210255. [PMID: 33906401 PMCID: PMC8079997 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an archipelagic system, species diversity is maintained and determined by the balance among speciation, extinction and migration. As the number of species increases, the average population size of each species decreases, and the extinction likelihood of any given species grows. By contrast, the role of reduced population size in geographic speciation has received comparatively less research attention. Here, to study the rate of recurrent speciation, we adopted a simple multi-species two-island model and considered symmetric interspecific competition on each island. As the number of species increases on an island, the competition intensifies, and the size of the resident population decreases. By contrast, the number of migrants is likely to exhibit a weaker than proportional relationship with the size of the source population due to rare oceanic dispersal. If this is the case, as the number of species on the recipient island increases, the impact of migration strengthens and decelerates the occurrence of further speciation events. According to our analyses, the number of species can be stabilized at a finite level, even in the absence of extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoh Iwasa
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yuuya Tachiki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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31
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Ortego J, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Noguerales V. Demographic consequences of dispersal-related trait shift in two recently diverged taxa of montane grasshoppers. Evolution 2021; 75:1998-2013. [PMID: 33646593 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the pervasiveness of intraspecific wing-size polymorphism and transitions to flightlessness have long captivated biologists, the demographic outcomes of shifts in dispersal ability are not yet well understood and have been seldom studied at early stages of diversification. Here, we use genomic data to infer the consequences of dispersal-related trait variation in the taxonomically controversial short-winged (Chorthippus corsicus corsicus) and long-winged (Chorthippus corsicus pascuorum) Corsican grasshoppers. Our analyses revealed lack of contemporary hybridization between sympatric long- and short-winged forms and phylogenomic reconstructions supported their taxonomic distinctiveness, rejecting the hypothesis of intraspecific wing polymorphism. Statistical evaluation of alternative models of speciation strongly supported a scenario of Pleistocene divergence (<1.5 Ma) with ancestral gene flow. According to neutral expectations from differences in dispersal capacity, historical effective migration rates from the long- to the short-winged taxon were threefold higher than in the opposite direction. Although populations of the two taxa present a marked genetic structure and have experienced parallel demographic histories, our coalescent-based analyses suggest that reduced dispersal has fueled diversification in the short-winged C. c. corsicus. Collectively, our study illustrates how dispersal reduction can speed up geographical diversification and increase the opportunity for allopatric speciation in topographically complex landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Noguerales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canarias, Spain
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32
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Salces-Castellano A, Andújar C, López H, Pérez-Delgado AJ, Arribas P, Emerson BC. Flightlessness in insects enhances diversification and determines assemblage structure across whole communities. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202646. [PMID: 33593193 PMCID: PMC7935046 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal limitation has been recurrently suggested to shape both macroecological patterns and microevolutionary processes within invertebrates. However, because of potential interactions among biological, environmental, temporal, and spatial variables, causal links among flight-related traits, diversification and spatial patterns of community assembly remain elusive. Integrating genetic variation within species across whole insect assemblages, within a simplified spatial and environmental framework, can be used to reduce the impact of these potentially confounding variables. Here, we used standardized sampling and mitochondrial DNA sequencing for a whole-community characterization of the beetle fauna inhabiting a singular forested habitat (laurel forest) within an oceanic archipelago setting (Canary Islands). The spatial structure of species assemblages together with species-level genetic diversity was compared at the archipelago and island scales for 104 winged and 110 wingless beetle lineages. We found that wingless beetle lineages have: (i) smaller range sizes at the archipelago scale, (ii) lower representation in younger island communities, (iii) stronger population genetic structure, and (iv) greater spatial structuring of species assemblages between and within islands. Our results reveal that dispersal limitation is a fundamental trait driving diversity patterns at multiple hierarchical levels by promoting spatial diversification and affecting the spatial configuration of entire assemblages at both island and archipelago scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Salces-Castellano
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Postgraduate Studies, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carmelo Andújar
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
| | - Heriberto López
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Pérez-Delgado
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Postgraduate Studies, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Paula Arribas
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain
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33
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Nazareno AG, Knowles LL, Dick CW, Lohmann LG. By Animal, Water, or Wind: Can Dispersal Mode Predict Genetic Connectivity in Riverine Plant Species? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626405. [PMID: 33643353 PMCID: PMC7907645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed dispersal is crucial to gene flow among plant populations. Although the effects of geographic distance and barriers to gene flow are well studied in many systems, it is unclear how seed dispersal mediates gene flow in conjunction with interacting effects of geographic distance and barriers. To test whether distinct seed dispersal modes (i.e., hydrochory, anemochory, and zoochory) have a consistent effect on the level of genetic connectivity (i.e., gene flow) among populations of riverine plant species, we used unlinked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for eight co-distributed plant species sampled across the Rio Branco, a putative biogeographic barrier in the Amazon basin. We found that animal-dispersed plant species exhibited higher levels of genetic diversity and lack of inbreeding as a result of the stronger genetic connectivity than plant species whose seeds are dispersed by water or wind. Interestingly, our results also indicated that the Rio Branco facilitates gene dispersal for all plant species analyzed, irrespective of their mode of dispersal. Even at a small spatial scale, our findings suggest that ecology rather than geography play a key role in shaping the evolutionary history of plants in the Amazon basin. These results may help improve conservation and management policies in Amazonian riparian forests, where degradation and deforestation rates are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G. Nazareno
- Departamentos de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Alison G. Nazareno,
| | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Christopher W. Dick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Lúcia G. Lohmann
- Departamentos de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Lúcia G. Lohmann,
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34
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McCulloch GA, Foster BJ, Dutoit L, Harrop TWR, Guhlin J, Dearden PK, Waters JM. Genomics Reveals Widespread Ecological Speciation in Flightless Insects. Syst Biol 2020; 70:863-876. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent genomic analyses have highlighted parallel divergence in response to ecological gradients, but the extent to which altitude can underpin such repeated speciation remains unclear. Wing reduction and flight loss have apparently evolved repeatedly in montane insect assemblages and have been suggested as important drivers of hexapod diversification. We test this hypothesis using genomic analyses of a widespread wing-polymorphic stonefly species complex in New Zealand. We identified over 50,000 polymorphic genetic markers generated across almost 200 Zelandoperla fenestrata stonefly specimens using a newly generated plecopteran reference genome, to reveal widespread parallel speciation between sympatric full-winged and wing-reduced ecotypes. Rather than the existence of a single, widespread, flightless taxon (Zelandoperla pennulata), evolutionary genomic data reveal that wing-reduced upland lineages have speciated repeatedly and independently from full-winged Z. fenestrata. This repeated evolution of reproductive isolation between local ecotype pairs that lack mitochondrial DNA differentiation suggests that ecological speciation has evolved recently. A cluster of outlier single-nucleotide polymorphisms detected in independently wing-reduced lineages, tightly linked in an approximately 85 kb genomic region that includes the developmental “supergene” doublesex, suggests that this “island of divergence” may play a key role in rapid ecological speciation. [Ecological speciation; genome assembly; genomic island of differentiation; genotyping-by-sequencing; incipient species; plecoptera; wing reduction.]
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A McCulloch
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Brodie J Foster
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Thomas W R Harrop
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Guhlin
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Waters
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Abstract
Diadromy, the predictable movements of individuals between marine and freshwater environments, is biogeographically and phylogenetically widespread across fishes. Thus, despite the high energetic and potential fitness costs involved in moving between distinct environments, diadromy appears to be an effective life history strategy. Yet, the origin and molecular mechanisms that underpin this migratory behavior are not fully understood. In this review, we aim first to summarize what is known about diadromy in fishes; this includes the phylogenetic relationship among diadromous species, a description of the main hypotheses regarding its origin, and a discussion of the presence of non-migratory populations within diadromous species. Second, we discuss how recent research based on -omics approaches (chiefly genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics) is beginning to provide answers to questions on the genetic bases and origin(s) of diadromy. Finally, we suggest future directions for -omics research that can help tackle questions on the evolution of diadromy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lisette Delgado
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Daniel E. Ruzzante
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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36
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Burridge CP, Waters JM. Does migration promote or inhibit diversification? A case study involving the dominant radiation of temperate Southern Hemisphere freshwater fishes. Evolution 2020; 74:1954-1965. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ecological drivers of global gradients in avian dispersal inferred from wing morphology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2463. [PMID: 32424113 PMCID: PMC7235233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An organism’s ability to disperse influences many fundamental processes, from speciation and geographical range expansion to community assembly. However, the patterns and underlying drivers of variation in dispersal across species remain unclear, partly because standardised estimates of dispersal ability are rarely available. Here we present a global dataset of avian hand-wing index (HWI), an estimate of wing shape widely adopted as a proxy for dispersal ability in birds. We show that HWI is correlated with geography and ecology across 10,338 (>99%) species, increasing at higher latitudes and with migration, and decreasing with territoriality. After controlling for these effects, the strongest predictor of HWI is temperature variability (seasonality), with secondary effects of diet and habitat type. Finally, we also show that HWI is a strong predictor of geographical range size. Our analyses reveal a prominent latitudinal gradient in HWI shaped by a combination of environmental and behavioural factors, and also provide a global index of avian dispersal ability for use in community ecology, macroecology, and macroevolution. In birds, the hand-wing index is a morphological trait that can be used as a proxy for flight efficiency. Here the authors examine variation of hand-wing index in over 10,000 bird species, finding that it is higher in migratory and non-territorial species, and lower in the tropics.
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