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Wang Z, Wang Y, Lü J, Li T, Li S, Nie M, Shi G, Zhao X. Silicon and selenium alleviate cadmium toxicity in Artemisia selengensis Turcz by regulating the plant-rhizosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119064. [PMID: 38710427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution has emerged as a pressing concern due to its deleterious impacts on both plant physiology and human well-being. Silicon (Si) is renowned for its ability to mitigate excessive Cd accumulation within plant cells and reduce the mobility of Cd in soil, whereas Selenium (Se) augments plant antioxidant capabilities and promotes rhizosphere microbial activity. However, research focusing on the simultaneous utilization of Si and Se to ameliorate plant Cd toxicity through multiple mechanisms within the plant-rhizosphere remains comparatively limited. This study combined hydroponic and pot experiments to investigate the effects of the combined application of Si and Se on Cd absorption and accumulation, as well as the growth and rhizosphere of A. selengensis Turcz under Cd stress. The results revealed that a strong synergistic effect was observed between both Si and Se. The combination of Si and Se significantly increased the activity and content of enzymes and non-enzyme antioxidants within A. selengensis Turcz, reduced Cd accumulation and inhibiting its translocation from roots to shoots. Moreover, Si and Se application improved the levels of reducing sugar, soluble protein, and vitamin C, while reducing nitrite content and Cd bioavailability. Furthermore, the experimental results showed that the combination of Si and Se not only increased the abundance of core rhizosphere microorganisms, but also stimulated the activity of soil enzymes, which effectively limited the migration of Cd in the soil. These findings provided valuable insights into the effective mitigation of soil Cd toxicity to plants and also the potential applications in improving plant quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering / Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, Huei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiliang Lü
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering / Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control & Remediation, Huei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China.
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiqian Li
- Fujian Universities and Colleges Engineering Research Center of Modern Facility Agriculture, Fuqing 350300, China; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment (Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy), Fuqing, 350300, China
| | - Min Nie
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Qiu LX, Guan DX, Liu YW, Teng HH, Li ZB, Lux A, Kuzyakov Y, Ma LQ. Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increasing Silicon Uptake by Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38943592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence silicon (Si) uptake by plants, but the mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the mechanisms of AMF-mediated Si uptake by rice, a model Si-accumulating plant, and explored the tripartite interactions among AMF, Si, and phosphorus (P). AMF inoculation increased shoot Si content by 97% when supplied with silicic acid and by 29% with calcium silicate and upregulated expression of Si transporters Lsi1 and Lsi2 in roots. Supplying Si only to AMF hyphae increased the root Si content by 113%, indicating direct Si uptake by hyphae. Mechanisms of AMF-induced Si uptake were elucidated: 1) direct Si uptake by hyphae, 2) increased silicate dissolution, and 3) upregulation of Si transporters. Silicon application also increased AMF colonization by 28%, and the absence of interactions was observed on P uptake. Altogether, AMF support Si acquisition and Si fosters AMF colonization in rice, whereas the P uptake depends more on AMF than on Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - H Henry Teng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zi-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina B2, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420049, Russia
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Mukarram M, Ahmad B, Choudhary S, Konôpková AS, Kurjak D, Khan MMA, Lux A. Silicon nanoparticles vs trace elements toxicity: Modus operandi and its omics bases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1377964. [PMID: 38633451 PMCID: PMC11021597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1377964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of trace elements (commonly misunderstood as 'heavy metals') includes impairment of functional groups of enzymes, photo-assembly, redox homeostasis, and nutrient status in higher plants. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) can ameliorate trace element toxicity. We discuss SiNPs response against several essential (such as Cu, Ni, Mn, Mo, and Zn) and non-essential (including Cd, Pb, Hg, Al, Cr, Sb, Se, and As) trace elements. SiNPs hinder root uptake and transport of trace elements as the first line of defence. SiNPs charge plant antioxidant defence against trace elements-induced oxidative stress. The enrolment of SiNPs in gene expressions was also noticed on many occasions. These genes are associated with several anatomical and physiological phenomena, such as cell wall composition, photosynthesis, and metal uptake and transport. On this note, we dedicate the later sections of this review to support an enhanced understanding of SiNPs influence on the metabolomic, proteomic, and genomic profile of plants under trace elements toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, School of Agriculture, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Government Degree College for Women, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Alena Sliacka Konôpková
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Chen X, Lu H, Ren Z, Zhang Y, Liu R, Zhang Y, Han X. Reproductive height determines the loss of clonal grasses with nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:256-264. [PMID: 38807914 PMCID: PMC11128833 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Tall clonal grasses commonly display competitive advantages with nitrogen (N) enrichment. However, it is currently unknown whether the height is derived from the vegetative or reproductive module. Moreover, it is unclear whether the height of the vegetative or reproductive system regulates the probability of extinction and colonization, and determines species diversity. In this study, the impacts on clonal grasses were studied in a field experiment employing two frequencies (twice a year vs. monthly) crossing with nine N addition rates in a temperate grassland, China. We found that the N addition decreased species frequency and increased extinction probability, but did not change the species colonization probability. A low frequency of N addition decreased species frequency and colonization probability, but increased extinction probability. Moreover, we found that species reproductive height was the best index to predict the extinction probability of clonal grasses in N-enriched conditions. The low frequency of N addition may overestimate the negative effect from N deposition on clonal grass diversity, suggesting that a higher frequency of N addition is more suitable in assessing the ecological effects of N deposition. Overall, this study illustrates that reproductive height was associated with the clonal species extinction probability under N-enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haining Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengru Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruoxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Sheng H, Lei Y, Wei J, Yang Z, Peng L, Li W, Liu Y. Analogy of silicon and boron in plant nutrition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1353706. [PMID: 38379945 PMCID: PMC10877001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1353706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) and boron (B) are a class of elements called metalloids, which have properties like metals and non-metals. Si is classified as a quasi-essential element, while B is a micronutrient element for plants. Nowadays, numerous discoveries have shown the analogy of silicon and boron in plant nutrition. In this minireview, the molecular mechanisms for the transport of these two metalloids are compared. We also discussed the chemical forms of Si and B and their functional similarity in response to environmental stresses in plants. In conclusion, it can be proposed that cell wall-bound silicon rather than silica might partially replace boron for plant growth, development, and stress responses, and the underlying mechanism is the Si contribution to B in its structural function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachun Sheng
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuyan Lei
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengming Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenbing Li
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Klotz M, Schaller J, Engelbrecht BMJ. Silicon-based anti-herbivore defense in tropical tree seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250868. [PMID: 37900768 PMCID: PMC10602810 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based defenses deter insect herbivores in many cultivated and wild grass species. Furthermore, in some of these species, silicon (Si) uptake and defense can be induced by herbivory. Tropical trees also take up Si and leaf Si concentrations vary greatly across and within species. As herbivory is a major driver of seedling mortality and niche differentiation of tropical tree species, understanding anti-herbivore defenses is pivotal. Yet, whether silicon is a constitutive and inducible herbivory defense in tropical forest tree species remains unknown. We grew seedlings of eight tropical tree species in a full factorial experiment, including two levels of plant-available soil Si concentrations (-Si/+Si) and a simulated herbivory treatment (-H/+H). The simulated herbivory treatment was a combination of clipping and application of methyl jasmonate. We then carried out multiple-choice feeding trials, separately for each tree species, in which leaves of each treatment combination were offered to a generalist caterpillar (Spodoptera frugiperda). Leaf damage was assessed. Three species showed a significant decrease in leaf damage under high compared to low Si conditions (by up to 72%), consistent with our expectation of Si-based defenses acting in tropical tree species. In one species, leaf damage was increased by increasing soil Si and in four species, no effect of soil Si on leaf damage was observed. Opposite to our expectation of Si uptake and defense being inducible by herbivory damage, simulated herbivory increased leaf damage in two species. Furthermore, simulated herbivory reduced Si concentrations in one species. Our results showed that tropical tree seedlings can be better defended when growing in Si-rich compared to Si-poor soils, and that the effects of Si on plant defense vary strongly across species. Furthermore, Si-based defenses may not be inducible in tropical tree species. Overall, constitutive Si-based defense should be considered part of the vast array of anti-herbivore defenses of tropical tree species. Our finding that Si-based defenses are highly species-specific combined with the fact that herbivory is a major driver of mortality in tropical tree seedling, suggests that variation in soil Si concentrations may have pervasive consequences for regeneration and performance across tropical tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Klotz
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Deptartment of Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jörg Schaller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht
- Deptartment of Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Balboa, Panama
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Schoelynck J, De Block P, Van Dyck E, Cooke J. Is there silicon in flowers and what does it tell us? Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10630. [PMID: 37854315 PMCID: PMC10580012 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of flowers marked an important development in plant evolution. Flowers in many species evolved to attract animal pollinators to increase fertilisation chances. In leaves, silicon (Si) discourages herbivores, for example by wearing down mouthparts. Flowers are essentially modified leaves and hence may also have the capacity to accumulate Si. If Si in flowers discourages animal visitors as it does in leaves, Si accumulation may be disadvantageous for pollination. Whether flowers accumulate Si, and what the implications may be, was not known for many species. We analysed leaves and flowers of different taxa, separated into their different anatomical parts. Flowers mostly have low Si concentrations in all parts (mean ± SE of BSi in mg g-1 was 0.22 ± 0.04 in petals, 0.59 ± 0.24 in sepals, 0.14 ± 0.03 in stamens, 0.15 ± 0.04 in styles and stigmas and 0.37 ± 0.19 in ovaries for a subset of 56 species). In most cases, less Si was accumulated in flowers than in leaves (mean ± SE of BSi in mg g-1 was 1.51 ± 0.55 in whole flowers vs. 2.97 ± 0.57 in leaves in 104 species) though intriguing exceptions are found, with some species accumulating more Si in flowers than leaves. The large variation in concentration among flowers across the taxa examined, with a particularly high concentration in grass inflorescences, tantalisingly suggests differences in the use of Si for flowers across plant groups. We conclude that the study of the functions of Si for flowers warrants more attention, with pollination strategy a potential contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schoelynck
- Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE Research GroupUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | | | - Eva Van Dyck
- Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE Research GroupUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Julia Cooke
- Earth, Environment and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
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Liu X, Tang X, Compson ZG, Huang D, Zou G, Luan F, Song Q, Fang X, Yang Q, Liu J. Silicon supply promotes differences in growth and C:N:P stoichiometry between bamboo and tree saplings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:443. [PMID: 37730551 PMCID: PMC10512617 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Si can be important for the growth, functioning, and stoichiometric regulation of nutrients for high-Si-accumulating bamboo. However, other trees do not actively take up dissolved silicic acid [Si(OH)4] from the soil, likely because they have fewer or no specific Si transporters in their roots. It is unclear what causes differential growth and C:N:P stoichiometry between bamboo and other trees across levels of Si supply. RESULTS Si supply increased the relative growth rate of height and basal diameter of bamboo saplings, likely by increasing its net photosynthetic rate and ratios of N:P. Moreover, a high concentration of Si supply decreased the ratio of C:Si in bamboo leaves due to a partial substitution of C with Si in organic compounds. We also found that there was a positive correlation between leaf Si concentration and its transpiration rate in tree saplings. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that Si supply can decrease the ratio of C:Si in bamboo leaves and increase the ratio of N:P without altering nutrient status or the N:P ratio of tree saplings. Our findings provide experimental data to assess the different responses between bamboo and other trees in terms of growth, photosynthesis, and C:N:P stoichiometry. These results have implications for assessing the growth and competition between high-Si-accumulating bamboo and other plants when Si availability is altered in ecosystems during bamboo expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xinghao Tang
- Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zacchaeus G Compson
- Department of Biological Sciences Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas Denton, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Dongmei Huang
- School of Humanities and Public Administration, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guiwu Zou
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fenggang Luan
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qingni Song
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiong Fang
- College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qingpei Yang
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Thorne SJ, Maathuis FJM, Hartley SE. Induction of silicon defences in wheat landraces is local, not systemic, and driven by mobilization of soluble silicon to damaged leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5363-5373. [PMID: 37314063 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to herbivory, many grasses, including crops such as wheat, accumulate significant levels of silicon (Si) as an antiherbivore defence. Damage-induced increases in Si can be localized in damaged leaves or be more systemic, but the mechanisms leading to these differences in Si distribution remain untested. Ten genetically diverse wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum) were used to assess genotypic variation in Si induction in response to mechanical damage and how this was affected by exogenous Si supply. Total and soluble Si levels were measured in damaged and undamaged leaves as well as in the phloem to test how Si was allocated to different parts of the plant after damage. Localized, but not systemic, induction of Si defences occurred, and was more pronounced when plants had supplemental Si. Damaged plants had significant increases in Si concentration in their damaged leaves, while the Si concentration in undamaged leaves decreased, such that there was no difference in the average Si concentration of damaged and undamaged plants. The increased Si in damaged leaves was due to the redirection of soluble Si, present in the phloem, from undamaged to damaged plant parts, potentially a more cost-effective defence mechanism for plants than increased Si uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Thorne
- Plants, Photosynthesis, and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Susan E Hartley
- Plants, Photosynthesis, and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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de Tombeur F, Pélissier R, Shihan A, Rahajaharilaza K, Fort F, Mahaut L, Lemoine T, Thorne SJ, Hartley SE, Luquet D, Fabre D, Lambers H, Morel JB, Ballini E, Violle C. Growth-defence trade-off in rice: fast-growing and acquisitive genotypes have lower expression of genes involved in immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3094-3103. [PMID: 36840921 PMCID: PMC10199124 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant ecologists and molecular biologists have long considered the hypothesis of a trade-off between plant growth and defence separately. In particular, how genes thought to control the growth-defence trade-off at the molecular level relate to trait-based frameworks in functional ecology, such as the slow-fast plant economics spectrum, is unknown. We grew 49 phenotypically diverse rice genotypes in pots under optimal conditions and measured growth-related functional traits and the constitutive expression of 11 genes involved in plant defence. We also quantified the concentration of silicon (Si) in leaves to estimate silica-based defences. Rice genotypes were aligned along a slow-fast continuum, with slow-growing, late-flowering genotypes versus fast-growing, early-flowering genotypes. Leaf dry matter content and leaf Si concentrations were not aligned with this axis and negatively correlated with each other. Live-fast genotypes exhibited greater expression of OsNPR1, a regulator of the salicylic acid pathway that promotes plant defence while suppressing plant growth. These genotypes also exhibited greater expression of SPL7 and GH3.2, which are also involved in both stress resistance and growth. Our results do not support the hypothesis of a growth-defence trade-off when leaf Si and leaf dry matter content are considered, but they do when hormonal pathway genes are considered. We demonstrate the benefits of combining ecological and molecular approaches to elucidate the growth-defence trade-off, opening new avenues for plant breeding and crop science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix de Tombeur
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rémi Pélissier
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ammar Shihan
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Koloina Rahajaharilaza
- Faculty of Sciences, DS Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Antananarivo 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Mahaut
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Taïna Lemoine
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah J Thorne
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sue E Hartley
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Delphine Luquet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Fabre
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jean-Benoît Morel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Elsa Ballini
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Closing the Nutrient Loop-The New Approaches to Recovering Biomass Minerals during the Biorefinery Processes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2096. [PMID: 36767462 PMCID: PMC9915181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of plant mineral nutrients from the bio-based value chains is essential for a sustainable, circular bioeconomy, wherein resources are (re)used sustainably. The widest used approach is to recover plant nutrients on the last stage of biomass utilization processes-e.g., from ash, wastewater, or anaerobic digestate. The best approach is to recover mineral nutrients from the initial stages of biomass biorefinery, especially during biomass pre-treatments. Our paper aims to evaluate the nutrient recovery solutions from a trans-sectorial perspective, including biomass processing and the agricultural use of recovered nutrients. Several solutions integrated with the biomass pre-treatment stage, such as leaching/bioleaching, recovery from pre-treatment neoteric solvents, ionic liquids (ILs), and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) or integrated with hydrothermal treatments are discussed. Reducing mineral contents on silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen biomass before the core biorefinery processes improves processability and yield and reduces corrosion and fouling effects. The recovered minerals are used as bio-based fertilizers or as silica-based plant biostimulants, with economic and environmental benefits.
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