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Lao P, Chen J, Tang L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang Y, Fan X. Regulatory T cells in lung disease and transplantation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231331. [PMID: 37795866 PMCID: PMC10611924 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease can refer to the disease of the lung itself or the pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases, which are often connected to the malfunction of the immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown to be important in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory damage, including lung diseases. Given the increasing amount of evidence linking Treg cells to various pulmonary conditions, Treg cells might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases and potentially promote lung transplant tolerance. The most potent and well-defined Treg cells are Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the prevention of autoimmune lung diseases and the promotion of lung transplant rejection. The protective mechanisms of Treg cells in lung disease and transplantation involve multiple immune suppression mechanisms. This review summarizes the development, phenotype and function of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Then, we focus on the therapeutic potential of Treg cells in preventing lung disease and limiting lung transplant rejection. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility of Treg cell utilization in clinical applications. This will provide an overview of current research advances in Treg cells and their relevant application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Lao
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Longqian Tang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuyin Fang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Xingliang Fan
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
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Zhang Z, Gao J, Yu J, Zhang N, Fu Y, Jiang X, Wang X, Song J, Wen Z. Transcriptome analysis of novel macrophage M1-related biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents in ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation based on the WGCNA and CIBERSORT algorithms. Transpl Immunol 2023; 79:101860. [PMID: 37230395 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the last effective treatment for end-stage respiratory failure, however, with ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) inevitably occurring in postoperative period. IRI is the major pathophysiologic mechanism of primary graft dysfunction, a severe complication that contributes to prolonged length of stay and overall mortality. The understanding of pathophysiology and etiology remain limited and the underlying molecular mechanism, as well as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, urgently require exploration. Excessive uncontrolled inflammatory response is the core mechanism of IRI. In this research, a weighted gene co-expression network was established using the CIBERSORT and WGCNA algorithms in order to identify macrophage-related hub genes based on the data downloaded from the GEO database (GSE127003, GSE18995). 692 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in reperfused lung allografts were identified, with three genes recognized as being related to M1 macrophages and validated as differentially expressed using GSE18995 dataset. Of these putative novel biomarker genes, TCRα subunit constant gene (TRAC) were downregulated, while Perforin-1 (PRF1) and Granzyme B (GZMB) were upregulated in reperfused vs. ischemic lung allografts. Furthermore, we obtained 189 potentially therapeutic small molecules for IRI after lung transplantation from the CMap database among which PD-98059 was the top molecule with the highest absolute correlated connectivity score (CS). Our study provides the novel insights into the impact of immune cells on the etiology of IRI and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigation of these key genes and therapeutic drugs is needed to validate their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongmei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Liu MX, Liu QY, Liu Y, Cheng ZM, Liu L, Zhang L, Sun DH. Interleukin-35 suppresses antitumor activity of circulating CD8 + T cells in osteosarcoma patients. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:367-375. [PMID: 30616389 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1552267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the study: Interleukin (IL)-35 is a newly identified IL-12 cytokine family member and reveals immunosuppressive activity to CD8+ T cells in inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancers. However, little is known regarding IL-35 function in osteosarcoma. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the regulatory function of IL-35 to CD8+ T cells in osteosarcoma. Materials and methods: Thirty-five osteosarcoma patients and 20 healthy individuals were enrolled. Serum CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+ T cells were purified. IL-35 concentration in serum and cultured supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 cells and CD8+ T cells were stimulated with recombinant IL-35 in vitro, and modulatory function of IL-35 on these cells was assessed by investigation of cellular proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cytokine production. Results: Serum IL-35 and Treg-secreting IL-35 were significantly elevated in osteosarcoma patients. IL-35 stimulation did not affect proliferation, apoptosis, or cell cycle of MG-63 cells. Purified peripheral CD8+ T cells from osteosarcoma patients revealed dysfunctional property, which presented as decreased mRNA expressions for perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin, as well as reduced cytolytic (direct lysis of target MG-63 cells) and noncytolytic (interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α production) function in coculture systems. Moreover, IL-35 stimulation further diminished cytolytic and noncytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells from osteosarcoma patients. Conclusions: The current data indicated that IL-35 contributed to CD8+ T-cell dysfunction and limited antitumor immune response in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xi Liu
- a Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- b Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology , 208th Hospital of PLA , Changchun , China
| | - Ye Liu
- c Intensive Care Unit , 208th Hospital of PLA , Changchun , China
| | - Zhi-Ming Cheng
- b Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology , 208th Hospital of PLA , Changchun , China
| | - Lei Liu
- b Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology , 208th Hospital of PLA , Changchun , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- b Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology , 208th Hospital of PLA , Changchun , China
| | - Da-Hui Sun
- a Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
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Sequential broncho-alveolar lavages reflect distinct pulmonary compartments: clinical and research implications in lung transplantation. Respir Res 2018; 19:102. [PMID: 29801490 PMCID: PMC5970521 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has proven to be very useful to monitor the lung allograft after transplantation. In addition to allowing detection of infections, multiple BAL analytes have been proposed as potential biomarkers of lung allograft rejection or dysfunction. However, BAL collection is not well standardized and differences in BAL collection represent an important source of variation. We hypothesized that there are systematic differences between sequential BALs that are relevant to BAL analysis. Methods As part of 126 consecutive bronchoscopies in lung transplant recipients, two sequential BALs (BAL1 and BAL2) were performed in one location during each bronchoscopy by instilling and suctioning 50 ml of normal saline twice into separate containers. Cell concentration, viability and differentials, Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D), Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP), and levels of CXCL10, IL-10, CCL2, CCL5, VEGF-C, RAGE, CXCL9, CXCL1, IL-17A, IL-21, PDGF, and GCSF were compared between BAL1 and BAL2. Results Total cell concentration did not differ between BAL1 and BAL2; however, compared to BAL2, BAL1 had more dead cells, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and higher concentrations of airway epithelium-derived CCSP and inflammatory markers. BAL2 had a higher concentration of SP-D compared to BAL1. Conclusion In this study performed in lung transplant recipients, we show that sequential BALs represent different lung compartments and have distinct compositions. BAL1 represents the airway compartment with more epithelial cells, neutrophils, and epithelium-derived CCSP. Conversely, BAL2 samples preferentially the distal bronchoalveolar space with greater cell viability and higher SP-D. Our findings illustrate how the method of BAL collection can influence analyte concentrations and further emphasize the need for a standardized approach in translational research involving BAL samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0786-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Nakhaee M, Rezaee A, Basiri R, Soleimanpour S, Ghazvini K. Relation between lower respiratory tract microbiota and type of immune response against tuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2018; 120:161-165. [PMID: 29727705 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction between the microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and the type of immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis were studied. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples of 10 tuberculosis (TB) patients and 5 cases suspected of lung cancer as control were obtained. Clinical symptoms were recorded for the TB patients. Serial dilutions of samples were prepared and cultured on a selective medium in order to count Streptococcus spp., Neisseria spp., Haemophilus spp. and Veillonella in the lung. To determine the type of immune response of Th1/Th2, Real Time-PCR method was used. The prevalence of Streptococcus spp. in the lungs of patients with TB increased when compared with the control group and the Th1-response in this group may be influenced by Neisseria and Haemophilus. However, reducing the number of Streptococcus and Neisseria can be involved in the development of Th1-response in the control group. Prevalence of Neisseria and Veillonella of the lung microbiota in this group may be associated with fever. The chest x-ray influenced both Th1 and Th2-responses in the lung, but only Th1-response was involved in reducing the weight of patients. The relationship between each of the clinical symptoms with immune response and with each genus of microbiota were reviewed separately, and these data are the new information on TB disease and can be the beginning of the study on the impact of genus, different species and strains of microbiota on the clinical signs of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maede Nakhaee
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, Medical school, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Basiri
- Lung Disease Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yamamoto T, Iwasaki K, Murotani K, Takeda A, Futamura K, Okada M, Tsujita M, Hiramitsu T, Goto N, Narumi S, Watarai Y, Morozumi K, Uchida K, Kobayashi T. Peripheral blood immune response-related gene analysis for evaluating the potential risk of chronic antibody-mediated rejection. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:432-438. [PMID: 29614336 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive methods for the early diagnosis of chronic antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR) are desired for patients with de novo (dn) donor-specific HLA antibody (DSA). This study aimed to elucidate the clinical relevance of immune-related gene expression in peripheral blood of kidney transplant recipients. The expression levels of fourteen key molecules (Foxp3, CTLA-4, CCR7, TGF-β, IGLL-1, IL-10, ITCH, CBLB, Bcl-6, CXCR5, granzyme B, CIITA, Baff, TOAG-1/TCAIM) related to regulatory/cytotoxic function of immune cells were compared in 93 patients, which were divided into Groups A (clinical cAMR with dn DSA, n = 16), B (subclinical cAMR with dn DSA, n = 17), C (negative cAMR with dn DSA, n = 21) and D (stable function without dn DSA, n = 39). CIITA mRNA expression levels in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group D (p < 0.01). Moreover, the CTLA-4 mRNA expression in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C (p < 0.01). ROC curve analysis suggested that CIITA (AUC = 0.902) and CTLA-4 (AUC = 0.785) may serve as valuable biomarkers of the stage of dn DSA production and clinical cAMR, respectively. In addition to dn DSA screening, monitoring of CIITA and CTLA-4 in peripheral blood could offer useful information on the time course of the development of cAMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kenta Iwasaki
- Department of Kidney Disease and Transplant Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Division of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Asami Takeda
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Futamura
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Manabu Okada
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsujita
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hiramitsu
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihiko Goto
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunji Narumi
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Watarai
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunio Morozumi
- Department of Nephrology, Masuko Memorial Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Uchida
- Department of Kidney Disease and Transplant Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan.
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Durand M, Lacoste P, Danger R, Jacquemont L, Brosseau C, Durand E, Tilly G, Loy J, Foureau A, Royer PJ, Tissot A, Roux A, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Kessler R, Mussot S, Dromer C, Brugière O, Mornex JF, Guillemain R, Claustre J, Degauque N, Magnan A, Brouard S. High circulating CD4 +CD25 hiFOXP3 + T-cell sub-population early after lung transplantation is associated with development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:770-781. [PMID: 29571601 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) remains a major limitation for long-term survival after lung transplantation. The immune mechanisms involved and predictive biomarkers have yet to be identified. The purpose of this study was to determine whether peripheral blood T-lymphocyte profile could predict BOS in lung transplant recipients. METHODS An in-depth profiling of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was prospectively performed on blood cells from stable (STA) and BOS patients with a longitudinal follow-up. Samples were analyzed at 1 and 6 months after transplantation, at the time of BOS diagnosis, and at an intermediate time-point at 6 to 12 months before BOS diagnosis. RESULTS Although no significant difference was found for T-cell compartments at BOS diagnosis or several months beforehand, we identified an increase in the CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ T-cell sub-population in BOS patients at 1 and 6 months after transplantation (3.39 ± 0.40% vs 1.67 ± 0.22% in STA, p < 0.001). A CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ T-cell threshold of 2.4% discriminated BOS and stable patients at 1 month post-transplantation. This was validated on a second set of patients at 6 months post-transplantation. Patients with a proportion of CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ T cells up to 2.4% in the 6 months after transplantation had a 2-fold higher risk of developing BOS. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report an increased proportion of circulating CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ T cells early post-transplantation in lung recipients who proceed to develop BOS within 3 years, which supports its use as a BOS predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Durand
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Lacoste
- Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Danger
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lola Jacquemont
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Brosseau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Eugénie Durand
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gaelle Tilly
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jennifer Loy
- Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aurore Foureau
- Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Joseph Royer
- Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Tissot
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roux
- Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, Université de Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | | | | | - Sacha Mussot
- Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Vasculaire et Transplantation Cardiopulmonaire, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | | | - Olivier Brugière
- Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Johanna Claustre
- Clinique Universitaire de Pneumologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Müller C, Andersson-Sjöland A, Schultz HH, Eriksson LT, Andersen CB, Iversen M, Westergren-Thorsson G. Early extracellular matrix changes are associated with later development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. BMJ Open Respir Res 2017; 4:e000177. [PMID: 28469930 PMCID: PMC5411729 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic lung allograft dysfunction in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the main cause of death beyond 1-year post-lung transplantation. The disease-initiating triggers as well as the molecular changes leading to fibrotic alterations in the transplanted lung are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify potential early changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in different compartments of the transplanted lung prior to the development of BOS. Methods Transbronchial biopsies from a cohort of 58 lung transplantation patients at the Copenhagen University hospital between 2005 and 2006, with or without development of BOS in a 5-year follow-up, were obtained 3 and 12 months after transplantation. Biopsies were assessed for total collagen, collagen type IV and biglycan in the alveolar and small airway compartments using Masson's Trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry. Results A time-specific and compartment-specific pattern of ECM changes was detected. Alveolar total collagen (p=0.0190) and small airway biglycan (p=0.0199) increased between 3 and 12 months after transplantation in patients developing BOS, while collagen type IV (p=0.0124) increased in patients without BOS. Patients with early-onset BOS mirrored this increase. Patients developing grade 3 BOS showed distinct ECM changes already at 3 months. Patients with BOS with treated acute rejections displayed reduced alveolar total collagen (p=0.0501) and small airway biglycan (p=0.0485) at 3 months. Conclusions Patients with future BOS displayed distinct ECM changes compared with patients without BOS. Our data indicate an involvement of alveolar and small airway compartments in post-transplantation changes in the development of BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Müller
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Hans Henrik Schultz
- Section for Lung Transplantation, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif T Eriksson
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claus B Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Iversen
- Section for Lung Transplantation, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sage AT, Besant JD, Mahmoudian L, Poudineh M, Bai X, Zamel R, Hsin M, Sargent EH, Cypel M, Liu M, Keshavjee S, Kelley SO. Fractal circuit sensors enable rapid quantification of biomarkers for donor lung assessment for transplantation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500417. [PMID: 26601233 PMCID: PMC4643795 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker profiling is being rapidly incorporated in many areas of modern medical practice to improve the precision of clinical decision-making. This potential improvement, however, has not been transferred to the practice of organ assessment and transplantation because previously developed gene-profiling techniques require an extended period of time to perform, making them unsuitable in the time-sensitive organ assessment process. We sought to develop a novel class of chip-based sensors that would enable rapid analysis of tissue levels of preimplantation mRNA markers that correlate with the development of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in recipients after transplant. Using fractal circuit sensors (FraCS), three-dimensional metal structures with large surface areas, we were able to rapidly (<20 min) and reproducibly quantify small differences in the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and ATP11B mRNA in donor lung biopsies. A proof-of-concept study using 52 human donor lungs was performed to develop a model that was used to predict, with excellent sensitivity (74%) and specificity (91%), the incidence of PGD for a donor lung. Thus, the FraCS-based approach delivers a key predictive value test that could be applied to enhance transplant patient outcomes. This work provides an important step toward bringing rapid diagnostic mRNA profiling to clinical application in lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Sage
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Justin D. Besant
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Laili Mahmoudian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ricardo Zamel
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael Hsin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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10
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Pesenacker AM, Broady R, Levings MK. Control of tissue-localized immune responses by human regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:333-43. [PMID: 25378065 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Treg cells control immune responses to self and nonharmful foreign antigens. Emerging data from animal models indicate that Treg cells function in both secondary lymphoid organs and tissues, and that these different microenvironments may contain specialized subsets of Treg cells with distinct mechanisms of action. The design of therapies for the restoration of tissue-localized immune homeostasis is dependent upon understanding how local immune responses are influenced by Treg cells in health versus disease. Here we review the current state of knowledge about human Treg cells in four locations: the skin, lung, intestine, and joint. Despite the distinct biology of these tissues, there are commonalities in the biology of their resident Treg cells, including phenotypic and functional differences from circulating Treg cells, and the presence of cytokine-producing (e.g. IL-17(+)) FOXP3(+) cells. We also highlight the challenges to studying tissue Treg cells in humans, and opportunities to use new technologies for the detailed analysis of Treg cells at the single-cell level. As emerging biological therapies are increasingly targeted toward tissue-specific effects, it is critical to understand their potential impact on local immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Pesenacker
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Whitehouse G, Sanchez-Fueyo A. Postoperative Monitoring: Biomarkers and Alloimmune Responses and Their Relevance to Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-014-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Krustrup D, Iversen M, Martinussen T, Andersen CB. Time elapsed after transplantation influences the relationship between the number of regulatory T cells in lung allograft biopsies and subsequent acute rejection episodes. Transpl Immunol 2014; 31:42-7. [PMID: 24801207 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) play an important role in acute rejection after lung transplantation. However, the importance of the time elapsed after transplantation on the Treg response requires further investigation. We aim to evaluate the change over time in the frequency of Tregs in lung allograft biopsies and to assess how Tregs relate to simultaneous and subsequent acute cellular rejection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 258 biopsy samples obtained 0.5, 1, 3, 12 and 24 months after transplantation from 58 consecutive lung transplant patients were included. The biopsies were scored for acute rejection according to the ISHLT criteria (A0-A4) and immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against FoxP3. RESULTS There was a tendency for a decrease in the number of Tregs/mm2 with time. However, the previous levels of Tregs/mm2 did not have any significant effect on future levels of Tregs/mm2. For biopsies taken 0.5 and 1 month after transplantation, a significant correlation between Tregs/mm2 and the degree of acute rejection was found, and logistic regression analysis using updated values for Tregs/mm2 showed a significant relationship between Tregs/mm2 at 2 weeks and an A-score≥2 after 1 and 3 months. At later time points, this correlation disappeared. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the time elapsed after transplantation is an important parameter influencing the Treg response after lung transplantation. This observation is in accordance with studies indicating a narrow therapeutic window for induction of tolerance by specifically targeting T-cells. The results also indirectly indicate that Tregs early after transplantation could have an impact on the long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorrit Krustrup
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - Martin Iversen
- The Heart and Lung Transplantation Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | | | - Claus B Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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13
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Increased numbers of circulating CD8 effector memory T cells before transplantation enhance the risk of acute rejection in lung transplant recipients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80601. [PMID: 24236187 PMCID: PMC3827433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effector and regulatory T cell subpopulations involved in the development of acute rejection episodes in lung transplantation remain to be elucidated. Twenty-seven lung transplant candidates were prospectively monitored before transplantation and within the first year post-transplantation. Regulatory, Th17, memory and naïve T cells were measured in peripheral blood of lung transplant recipients by flow cytometry. No association of acute rejection with number of peripheral regulatory T cells and Th17 cells was found. However, effector memory subsets in acute rejection patients were increased during the first two months post-transplant. Interestingly, patients waiting for lung transplant with levels of CD8+ effector memory T cells over 185 cells/mm3 had a significant increased risk of rejection [OR: 5.62 (95% CI: 1.08-29.37), p=0.04]. In multivariate analysis adjusted for age and gender the odds ratio for rejection was: OR: 5.89 (95% CI: 1.08-32.24), p=0.04. These data suggest a correlation between acute rejection and effector memory T cells in lung transplant recipients. The measurement of peripheral blood CD8+ effector memory T cells prior to lung transplant may define patients at high risk of acute lung rejection.
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14
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Abstract
Organ transplantation appears today to be the best alternative to replace the loss of vital organs induced by various diseases. Transplants can, however, also be rejected by the recipient. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms and the cells/molecules involved in acute and chronic rejections. T cells and B cells mainly control the antigen-specific rejection and act either as effector, regulatory, or memory cells. On the other hand, nonspecific cells such as endothelial cells, NK cells, macrophages, or polymorphonuclear cells are also crucial actors of transplant rejection. Last, beyond cells, the high contribution of antibodies, chemokines, and complement molecules in graft rejection is discussed in this article. The understanding of the different components involved in graft rejection is essential as some of them are used in the clinic as biomarkers to detect and quantify the level of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moreau
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN, CHU de Nantes 44093, France
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15
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Krustrup D, Madsen CB, Iversen M, Engelholm L, Ryder LP, Andersen CB. The number of regulatory T cells in transbronchial lung allograft biopsies is related to FoxP3 mRNA levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and to the degree of acute cellular rejection. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:71-5. [PMID: 23969200 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor Forkhead Box P3 (FoxP3) is a marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs) - a subset of T cells known to suppress a wide range of immune responses. These cells are considered to be pivotal for the induction of tolerance to donor antigens in human allografts. We aimed to correlate the number of lymphocytes expressing FoxP3 in transbronchial biopsies from lung allografts with the FoxP3 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, we aimed to correlate the number of FoxP3+ cells in transbronchial biopsies with the degree of acute cellular rejection in lung allografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of FoxP3 was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 40 lung allograft biopsies obtained from 23 patients. The number of Tregs was related to the FoxP3 mRNA levels as determined using qRT-PCR in corresponding BALF samples from the same patients. Furthermore, the number of Tregs was related to the degree of acute allograft rejection (according to ISHLT criteria, A0-A4). RESULTS Regression analysis showed a significant concordance between the number of Tregs in lung tissue and the level of FoxP3 mRNA relative to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA levels in BALF (n=40, p=0.0001). In addition, we found a significant increase in the number of Tregs during acute allograft rejections of grades A2 and higher (median: 32.6Tregs/mm(2)) when compared to those of grades A1 and A0 (median: 4.9Tregs/mm(2)) (p=0.0002). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The association between the distribution of Tregs in transbronchial biopsies and the level of FoxP3 mRNA in BALF indicates that assessment of FoxP3 mRNA in BALF is a reliable non-invasive method for evaluating the number of Tregs in lung tissue. Furthermore, the association between the number of Tregs in lung tissue and the degree of acute cellular rejection shows that Tregs are recruited to the site of inflammation and may be involved in the regulation of acute rejection. Thus, Tregs may play a role in the cellular processes that affect lung allograft outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorrit Krustrup
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Taubert R, Pischke S, Schlue J, Wedemeyer H, Noyan F, Heim A, Lehner F, Barg-Hock H, Klempnauer J, Olek S, Manns MP, Hardtke-Wolenski M, Jaeckel E. Enrichment of regulatory T cells in acutely rejected human liver allografts. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:3425-36. [PMID: 22994589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) occurs frequently after liver transplantation and can usually be controlled. Triggering of allospecific immune responses and lack of immunoregulation are currently suggested as a cause of ACR, but there are no investigations of intrahepatic immune responses during ACR. Therefore we prospectively analyzed the intrahepatic T cell infiltration pattern in correlation to the severity of ACR in a cohort of patients with graft hepatitis (n = 151). While CD4(+) cells dominated the portal infiltrates in mild-moderate ACR, CD8(+) cells prevailed in severe ACR. Furthermore portal CD8(+) and not CD4(+) infiltration correlated with serum transaminases and with the likelihood of subsequent ACRs. Surprisingly, the rise of portal effector T cells density during ACR was surpassed by the increase in portal infiltration of regulatory T cells by a factor of two. Thus ACRs rather showed an increase and not a lack of regulation, as was suggested by analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Despite the pattern of enhanced immunoregulation, patients with severe ACR had a higher risk for subsequent rejections and showed a trend to a reduced survival. Thus, patients with severe rejections might need a modification of their immunosuppression to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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