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Parchami K, Derakhshan S, Saffar H, Aminishakib P, Shamshiri AR, Afshar S. Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Practical Approach to Make the Diagnosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:186-195. [PMID: 38584651 PMCID: PMC10997856 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.96202.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are found in malignant oral epithelial lesions, and HPV infection is proposed as a risk factor for initiating Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the head and neck region. This study suggests a practical approach to detect HPV in HPV-associated oral epithelial dysplasia (HAOED). Methods Fifty-four oral epithelial dysplasia specimens were examined, comprising twenty-seven cases diagnosed with high-grade dysplasia and twenty-seven cases diagnosed with low-grade dysplasia using a binary grading system. To assess the cases for HPV, the specimens were examined for p16 protein using an immunohistochemical (IHC) study, and then, the Chromatin In Situ Hybridization (CISH) test was performed for all positive cases. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ChIP-PCR) was performed on CISH-positive specimens to assess the outcome. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 at Tehran University of Medical Science. SPSS software version 22.0 was used to perform the Chi square or Fisher's exact test to examine the relationship between variables (statistically significant level P<0.05). Results The expression of p16 protein was not associated with the severity of epithelial dysplasia (81.5% in low-grade and 59.2% in high-grade cases) (P=0.16). Moreover, according to the CISH test result, 9.25% of all specimens were positive (P>0.99), and in the nine cases, undergone the ChIP-PCR study, two cases (22.2%) showed positivity for HPV-16, while one case (11.1%) demonstrated positivity for HPV-51. Conclusion Regarding HAOED, here, we proposed a step-by-step combination approach using different diagnostic methods, including IHC for p16 protein, CISH, and ChIP-PCR based on a complementary algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Parchami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Derakhshan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, IKHC, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouyan Aminishakib
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
- Department of Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Afshar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, IKHC, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Munday JS, Hardcastle M, Dally N. In situ squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva and nictitating membrane associated with Felis catus papillomavirus type 3 in a cat. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:463-466. [DOI: 10.1177/03009858221079667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are common cancers of cats. While papillomaviruses (PVs) are an important cause of human OSCCs, there is currently little evidence that PVs cause squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the mouth or other mucosal surfaces in cats. In the present cat, in situ carcinomas developed on the gingiva and nictitating membrane. Neoplastic cells within both cancers contained prominent PV-induced cellular changes consistent with those caused by Felis catus PV3 (FcaPV3), and FcaPV3 DNA was amplified from both cancers. Neoplasms also contained intense nuclear and cytoplasmic p16CDKN2A protein (p16) immunolabeling, suggesting PV-induced degradation of retinoblastoma protein. The molecular and histological features strongly suggested the cancers were caused by FcaPV3 infection. This is the first report of an association between PV infection and the development of an in situ carcinoma of the mucosa of cats. The identification of these lesions suggests that PVs might cause a proportion of OSCCs, and SCCs from other mucosal surfaces, in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naomi Dally
- Pakuranga Vet Clinic & Cattery, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Thankappan P, Ramadoss MN, Joseph TI, Augustine PI, Shaga IB, Thilak J. Human Papilloma Virus and Cancer Stem Cell markers in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia-An Immunohistochemical Study. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2021; 12:RMMJ.10451. [PMID: 34709167 PMCID: PMC8549839 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the correlation between the putative cancer stem cell (CSC) markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4) and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection using p16, the surrogate marker of HPV in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and normal mucosa. METHODS Five sections each from 40 histopathologically diagnosed cases of different grades of OED and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa without dysplasia were immunohistochemically stained with p16, ALDH1, CD44, SOX2, and OCT4, respectively. RESULTS Expression of ALDH1 and SOX2 was significantly increased in OED cases, whereas CD44 and OCT4 expression was increased in normal mucosa. P16-positive OED cases showed upregulation of ALDH1 and OCT4 expression as compared to p16-negative cases, while CD44 and SOX2 expression was downregulated in p16-positive OED cases; however, the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The present study indicated a suggestive link between p16 and cancer stem cell marker expression in HPV-associated OED, and that p16 has a significant role in CSC progression in OED. This is the first study to evaluate the expression of putative CSC markers in HPV-associated OED. However, low study numbers are a potential limiting factor in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Thankappan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Madhavan Nirmal Ramadoss
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tharmasahayam Isaac Joseph
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Percy Ida Augustine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Isaacjoseph Bevin Shaga
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jashree Thilak
- International Cancer Center, Neyyoor, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Ito S, Chambers JK, Sumi A, Yamashita-Kawanishi N, Omachi T, Haga T, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Involvement of Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 in the tumorigenesis of feline Merkel cell carcinoma. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:63-74. [PMID: 34510979 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211045440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor. We recently demonstrated that cats with MCC often have other proliferative cutaneous lesions, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Based on this finding, we hypothesize that Felis catus papillomavirus (FcaPV) is involved in the development of MCC in cats, similar to SCC and BCC. To investigate this hypothesis, the presence of FcaPV nucleic acid and immunoreactivity for tumor suppressor proteins were examined in 21 feline MCC cases. Polymerase chain reaction using FcaPV type-specific primers detected FcaPV2 DNA in 20/21 samples of MCC. The complete FcaPV2 sequence was characterized in one case. In situ hybridization for FcaPV2 E7 revealed punctate nuclear signals within tumor cells in 19/21 MCC. Increased immunoreactivity for p16CDKN2A protein and decreased immunoreactivity for retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53 proteins were observed in 20/21 MCC. These results suggest that feline MCC cases are infected with FcaPV2 and the subsequent inhibition of pRb and p53 induced by integrated viral oncogenes is associated with feline MCC tumorigenesis, similar to other PV-induced proliferative cutaneous lesions. On the other hand, the single case of FcaPV2-negative MCC showed strong p53 immunoreactivity, suggesting mutations in p53 caused by cancer inducers other than FcaPV2 infection in this case. The present study suggests FcaPV2 as a cause of feline MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ito
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tetsuo Omachi
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Patho-Labo, Ito, Shizuoka, Japan
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5
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Papillomaviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081664. [PMID: 34452528 PMCID: PMC8402708 DOI: 10.3390/v13081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well established to cause hyperplastic papillomas (warts) in humans and animals. In addition, due to their ability to alter cell regulation, PVs are also recognized to cause approximately 5% of human cancers and these viruses have been associated with neoplasia in a number of animal species. In contrast to other domestic species, cats have traditionally been thought to less frequently develop disease due to PV infection. However, in the last 15 years, the number of viruses and the different lesions associated with PVs in cats have greatly expanded. In this review, the PV life cycle and the subsequent immune response is briefly discussed along with methods used to investigate a PV etiology of a lesion. The seven PV types that are currently known to infect cats are reviewed. The lesions that have been associated with PV infections in cats are then discussed and the review finishes with a brief discussion on the use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced disease in domestic cats.
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6
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Genetic Drivers of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Aberrant Splicing Events, Mutational Burden, HPV Infection and Future Targets. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030422. [PMID: 33804181 PMCID: PMC7998272 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers include cancers that originate from a variety of locations. These include the mouth, nasal cavity, throat, sinuses, and salivary glands. These cancers are the sixth most diagnosed cancers worldwide. Due to the tissues they arise from, they are collectively named head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The most important risk factors for head and neck cancers are infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), tobacco use and alcohol consumption. The genetic basis behind the development and progression of HNSCC includes aberrant non-coding RNA levels. However, one of the most important differences between healthy tissue and HNSCC tissue is changes in the alternative splicing of genes that play a vital role in processes that can be described as the hallmarks of cancer. These changes in the expression profile of alternately spliced mRNA give rise to various protein isoforms. These protein isoforms, alternate methylation of proteins, and changes in the transcription of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) can be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers and as targets for the development of new therapeutic agents. This review aims to describe changes in alternative splicing and ncRNA patterns that contribute to the development and progression of HNSCC. It will also review the use of the changes in gene expression as biomarkers or as the basis for the development of new therapies.
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7
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Hendawi N, Niklander S, Allsobrook O, Khurram SA, Bolt R, Doorbar J, Speight PM, Hunter KD. Human papillomavirus (HPV) can establish productive infection in dysplastic oral mucosa, but HPV status is poorly predicted by histological features and p16 expression. Histopathology 2020; 76:592-602. [PMID: 31617604 DOI: 10.1111/his.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have reported the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in a subset of dysplastic oral epithelial lesions. Many cases show a histological spectrum of atypia similar to that seen in non-human papillomavirus (HPV) severe epithelial dysplasia, but some studies have suggested that HPV status can be inferred on the basis of histological features. We aimed to assess the utility of such histological features and p16 as surrogate markers of HPV infection in a retrospective cohort of 33 cases of severe epithelial dysplasia, with matched clinicopathological data and histological features. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue sections were assessed for the expression of p16, minichromosome maintenance 2, HPV E4 and HPV L1 by the use of immunohistochemistry. HPV16/18 E6 and E7 expression was assessed by the use of RNA in-situ hybridisation (RNAScope). In the cohort, 18.2% of cases (6/33) were HR-HPV-positive, with no age/gender differences between the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups. HPV E4 and HPV L1 were expressed in surface keratinocytes in four of six (66%) HPV-positive cases, indicative of productive HPV infection. Lack of p16 expression was predictive of HPV-negative status, but sensitivity and specificity varied according to the cut-off. Histologically, the presence of karyorrhectic nuclei and abnormal mitotic figures was higher in HPV-positive lesions (P < 0.05), but the predictive specificity and sensitivity were suboptimal (sensitivity, 0.75; specificity, 0.52). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, for the first time, that a minority of severely dysplastic oral lesions harbour productive, biologically relevant HPV infection. Consideration should be given to the specific assessment of HPV status in severe epithelial dysplasia cases, as both p16 status and the presence of karyorrhectic cells are poor predictive markers of HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeima Hendawi
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Sven Niklander
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Olive Allsobrook
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Syed Ali Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Bolt
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul M Speight
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Oral Pathology and Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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8
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Yamashita-Kawanishi N, Tsuzuki M, Wei Z, Kok MK, Ishiyama D, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Dong J, Shimakura H, Haga T. Identification of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2 from bovine anogenital fibropapillomas. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1000-1005. [PMID: 31155549 PMCID: PMC6656810 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomavirus (PV) is a well-known pathogen associated with epithelial and mucosal neoplastic diseases. In contrast to human PVs, characterization of animal PVs from the aspect of
anogenital neoplasm is still on a learning curve. In the present study, two vulval and one anal warts, histologically diagnosed as fibropapillomas, excised from dairy cattle were analyzed.
PCR and sequencing revealed that bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and BPV-2 were detected from anal and vulval fibropapillomas, respectively. Immunohistochemistry detected PV antigen in
a few differentiated keratinocytes of one vulval case. Reverse-transcriptase PCR detected the early region, but not the late region of BPV mRNA in all three cases. The present study will
provide new insight into the relationship between BPV and anogenital papilloma in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Yamashita-Kawanishi
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masano Tsuzuki
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Zhu Wei
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, 88, Shenglidong Street, Weifang 261061, China.,The Co-constructing State Key Laboratory of Three Rivers Sources Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, 25 Ningda Road, Xining 810016, China
| | - Mun Keong Kok
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dai Ishiyama
- Yachiyo Branch Office, Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Federated Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2-5-12 Midorigaoka, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba 276-0049, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jianbao Dong
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, 88, Shenglidong Street, Weifang 261061, China.,The Co-constructing State Key Laboratory of Three Rivers Sources Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, 25 Ningda Road, Xining 810016, China
| | - Hidekatsu Shimakura
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haga
- Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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9
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Saleh W, Cha S, Indraneel B, Moreb J, Katz J. HPV-related oral dysplasia in a multiple myeloma patient after stem cell transplantation. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2018; 39:51-55. [PMID: 30431178 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of dysplastic changes in oral epithelial lesions is a potential long-term complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This may be related to mechanisms including radiation and chemotherapy regimens, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), inflammation, and prolonged immunosuppression. The current case describes a 54-year-old male with multiple myeloma treated by autologous and allogenic HSCT followed by development of cGVHD (mouth, skin and the eyes) with the complaint of diffuse white lesions on the buccal mucosa, tongue, and palate. A biopsy performed with histopathological analysis revealed moderate to severe epithelial dysplasia with hyperkeratosis, positive for p16INK4A as a surrogate marker for human papillomavirus (HPV). Our finding suggests a possible association of oral dysplasia and HPV in patients after receiving allogenic HSCT with the necessity of more clinical follow-ups for those patients that may be at a higher risk for the development of oral dysplasia associated with HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Saleh
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida.,Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bhattacharyya Indraneel
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jan Moreb
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joseph Katz
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida
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10
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Du S, Liu K, Gao P, Li Z, Zheng J. Differential anticancer activities of arsenic trioxide on head and neck cancer cells with different human papillomavirus status. Life Sci 2018; 212:182-193. [PMID: 30243648 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Approximately 20% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on HPV oncogene expression of HNSCC cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity and possible molecular pathways of ATO on the six HNSCC cell lines (three HPV-positive and three HPV-negative). METHODS The effects of ATO on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle of HNSCC cells were analyzed using CCK-8 assay, colony formation and flow cytometry. Transwell assay was used to examine the effect of ATO on cell migration. The transcriptional and protein expression of key genes were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Using a xenograft model, we assessed the effects of ATO on HNSCC cells in vivo. KEY FINDINGS HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cells had different expression of key genes. ATO inhibited HNSCC cell proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis and these effects were more significant in HPV-positive HNSCC cells than in HPV-negative HNSCC cells. ATO treatment reduced the expression of HPV16-E6/E7 and cyclin D1 proteins and enhanced the expression of p16, pRb, and p53 in HPV-positive HNSCC cells. By contrast, ATO treatment reduced the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclin D1 and mutant p53 and enhanced the expression of pRb in HPV-negative HNSCC cells. Anti-cancer effect of ATO on HNSCCs was confirmed by inhibiting xenograft growth in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that ATO is a potential therapeutic drug for HNSCCs, especially HPV-positive HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmei Du
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center of Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhongyou Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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11
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Danielsson K, Olah J, Zohori-Zangeneh R, Nylander E, Ebrahimi M. Increased expression of p16 in both oral and genital lichen planus. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e449-e453. [PMID: 29924765 PMCID: PMC6051687 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lichen Planus, LP, is an inflammatory disease of possible autoimmune origin affecting mainly oral and genital mucosa and skin. According to the WHO oral LP is considered a potentially malignant disorders. The p16 tumour suppressor protein can act as an inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 and thus down regulate cell cycle progression. Since the discovery of p16 several studies have evaluated its expression in various forms of human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of p16 in oral and genital LP and corresponding healthy mucosa. Material and Methods A total of 76 cases of oral LP (OLP), 34 cases of genital LP (GLP), 12 cases of healthy oral and 9 cases of healthy genital mucosa were analysed by the use of immunohistochemistry. Results Data showed p16 to be highly expressed in both oral and genital LP, higher than in oral (p=0.000), and genital controls (p=0.002). Conclusions Results suggest that the over-expression of p16 seen in LP play a part in the histopathology of the disease. Key words:p16, inflammation, oral, genital, lichen planus, malignant risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Danielsson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, SE - 901 85 Umeå, Sweden,
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12
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Lerman MA, Almazrooa S, Lindeman N, Hall D, Villa A, Woo SB. HPV-16 in a distinct subset of oral epithelial dysplasia. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1646-1654. [PMID: 28799537 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 is the most common high-risk HPV type identified in oropharyngeal and cervical neoplasia. Recently, HPV-associated oral epithelial dysplasia with specific histopathologic features and demographics similar to HPV-oropharyngeal carcinoma has been identified. The objective of this study was to evaluate histopathologically all cases of HPV-oral epithelial dysplasia seen in one center and identify HPV types in a subset of cases. Cases with specific histopathology for HPV-oral epithelial dysplasia that were positive both by immunohistochemical studies for p16 and by in situ hybridization for high-risk types of HPV were further analyzed using QIAamp DNA Tissue Kits (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). DNA was extracted, amplified, and digested with restriction enzymes and run on a polyacrylamide gel. Digestion patterns were visually compared with a database of known HPV digestion patterns for identification. There were 53 specimens included in the analysis. There were 47 males and six females (7.8:1), with a median age of 55 years (range 41-81). The most common site of involvement was the tongue/floor of mouth (77% of cases). Of the 53 cases, 94% exhibited parakeratosis and/or hyperkeratosis. All the cases featured karyorrhexis, apoptosis, and characteristics of conventional carcinoma in situ. The quantity of DNA extracted was sufficient for analysis in 22 cases. HPV-16 was identified in 20/22 (91%) cases. One case was associated with HPV-33 and one with HPV-58 (5% each). Eight of the 53 cases (15%) were associated with invasive squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lerman
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soulafa Almazrooa
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neal Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimity Hall
- Department of Quality Control, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sook-Bin Woo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, StrataDx, Lexington, MA, USA
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13
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Axelsson L, Nyman J, Haugen-Cange H, Bove M, Johansson L, De Lara S, Kovács A, Hammerlid E. Prognostic factors for head and neck cancer of unknown primary including the impact of human papilloma virus infection. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 46:45. [PMID: 28601094 PMCID: PMC5466757 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-017-0223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) is rare and prospective studies are lacking. The impact of different prognostic factors such as age and N stage is not completely known, the optimal treatment is not yet established, and the reported survival rates vary. In the last decade, human papilloma virus (HPV) has been identified as a common cause of and important prognostic factor in oropharyngeal cancer, and there is now growing interest in the importance of HPV for HNCUP. The aim of the present study on curatively treated HNCUP was to investigate the prognostic importance of different factors, including HPV status, treatment, and overall survival. Methods A search for HNCUP was performed in the Swedish Cancer Registry, Western health district, between the years 1992–2009. The medical records were reviewed, and only patients with squamous cell carcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma treated with curative intent were included. The tumor specimens were retrospectively analyzed for HPV with p16 immunostaining. Results Sixty-eight patients were included. The mean age was 59 years. The majority were males, and had N2 tumors. Sixty-nine percent of the tumors were HPV positive using p16 staining. Patients who were older than 70 years, patients with N3-stage tumors, and patients with tumors that were p16 negative had a significantly worse prognosis. The overall 5-year survival rate for patients with p16-positive tumors was 88% vs 61% for p16-negative tumors. Treatment with neck dissection and postoperative radiation or (chemo) radiation had 81 and 88% 5-year survival rates, respectively. The overall and disease-free 5-year survival rates for all patients in the study were 82 and 74%. Conclusions Curatively treated HNCUP had good survival. HPV infection was common. Independent prognostic factors for survival were age over 70 years, HPV status and N3 stage. We recommend that HPV analysis should be performed routinely for HNCUP. Treatment with neck dissection and postoperative radiation or (chemo) radiation showed similar survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Axelsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Jan Nyman
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Hedda Haugen-Cange
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mogens Bove
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Norra Älvsborgs Hospital, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Leif Johansson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Shahin De Lara
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eva Hammerlid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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14
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Khanal S, Trainor PJ, Zahin M, Ghim SJ, Joh J, Rai SN, Jenson AB, Shumway BS. Histologic variation in high grade oral epithelial dysplasia when associated with high-risk human papillomavirus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 123:566-585. [PMID: 28407985 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reported cytologic alterations associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in oral epithelial dysplasia (HPV-OED) need further characterization. STUDY DESIGN Archival cases of high-grade oral epithelial dysplasia (hgOED) (N = 38) were assigned a cytologic score (CS) based on the average number of mitotic, karyorrhectic, and apoptotic cells per high-power field. Three groups were then generated on the basis of increasing CS: Focal (group 1, N = 14), Intermediate (group 2, N = 12), and Diffuse (group 3, N = 12). Polymerase chain reaction-based HPV genotyping and p16 immunohistochemistry were performed. RESULTS HR-HPV was found significantly more in group 3 (83.3%) compared with groups 1 and 2 (group 1&2; 42.9% and 41.7%, respectively; P = .047). HPV16 predominated in HR-HPV-positive cases (90.5%). By location, the tongue or the floor of mouth was associated with all groups (P = .04). Increasing CS was associated with a slightly younger age (P = .04) and increased expression of p16 (P = .005). CS and p16 expression were not sensitive but were highly specific predictors for HR-HPV presence. Based on limited follow-up information, HPV-OED does not differ in clinical aggressiveness compared with conventional OED. CONCLUSIONS Increased CS in hgOED is strongly associated with HR-HPV (mostly HPV16) and p16 expression. CS and p16 expression are specific predictors of HR-HPV presence. Further molecular study and long-term follow-up of HPV-OED are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Khanal
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Patrick J Trainor
- Research Associate, Biostatistics Shared Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maryam Zahin
- Postdoctoral Associate, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shin-Je Ghim
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joongho Joh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Professor, Wendell Cherry Chair in Clinical Trial Research; Director, Biostatistics Shared Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alfred Bennett Jenson
- Senior scientist, Professor of Vaccinology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brian S Shumway
- Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.
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15
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p16, pRb, and p53 in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3030018. [PMID: 29056726 PMCID: PMC5606583 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is a highly aggressive head and neck cancer in cats, but the molecular pathogenesis of this cancer is still uncertain. In this study, p16, p53, and pRb proteins were detected and quantified by immunohistochemistry in forty-three FOSCC primary tumors and three FOSCC xenografts. p16 mRNA levels were also measured in three FOSCC cell lines (SCCF1, F2, and F3), which were consistent with their p16 immunoreactivity. Feline SCCF1 cells had very high levels of p16 protein and mRNA (55-fold greater) compared to SCCF2 and F3. A partial feline p16 cDNA sequence was amplified and sequenced. The average age of cats with FOSCC with high p16 immunoreactivity was significantly lower than the average age in the low p16 group. Eighteen of 43 (42%) FOSCCs had low p16 intensity, while 6/43 (14%) had high p16 immunoreactivity. Feline papillomavirus L1 (major capsid) DNA was not detected in the SCC cell lines or the FOSCCs with high p16 immunostaining. Five of 6 (83%) of the high p16 FOSCC had low p53, but only 1/6 (17%) had low pRb immunoreactivity. In summary, the staining pattern of p16, p53, and pRb in FOSCC was different from human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The majority of FOSCCs have low p16 immunostaining intensity, therefore, inactivation of CDKN2A is suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of FOSCC. A subset of FOSCCs had increased p16 protein, which supports an alternate pathogenesis of cancer in these cats.
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16
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Chen J, Yao K, Li Z, Deng C, Wang L, Yu X, Liang P, Xie Q, Chen P, Qin Z, Ye Y, Liu Z, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Han H. Establishment and characterization of a penile cancer cell line, penl1, with a deleterious TP53 mutation as a paradigm of HPV-negative penile carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:51687-51698. [PMID: 27351128 PMCID: PMC5239507 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish penile cancer (PeCa) cell lines for the study of molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and testing therapeutic reagents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We successfully established two PeCa cell lines from fresh tumor tissues from 21 cases. One cell line named Penl1 was isolated from a lymph node metastasis (LNM) of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC), usual type and comprehensively characterized here. Our in-depth characterization analysis of the Penl1 cell line included morphology, tumorigenicity, genetic characteristics, protein expression, biology, and chemosensitivity. Penl1 was authenticated by single tandem repeat (STR) DNA typing. RESULTS Comparative histomorphology, genetic characteristics, and protein expression patterns revealed essential similarities between the cell line and its corresponding LNM. In-depth characterization analysis of Penl1 cell line revealed tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice, negative human papilloma virus (HPV) and mycoplasma infection, TP53 mutations and sensitivity to cisplatin and epirubicin. STR DNA typing did not match any cell lines within three international cell banks. The limitation of this study is that one patient cannot represent the complete heterogeneity of PeCa, especially primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS We established and characterized an HPV-negative and moderately differentiated PeCa cell model with a TP53 missense mutation from a PeSCC, usual type patient. A preliminarily study of carcinogenesis and chemosensitivity suggests that this cell model carries a tumor suppressor gene mutation and is sensitive to chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaishang Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangzhong Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingsu Yu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Medical Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peili Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiankun Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Medical Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, China
| | - Zike Qin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlin Ye
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Medical Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Han
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Stojanov IJ, Woo SB. Human papillomavirus and Epstein–Barr virus associated conditions of the oral mucosa. Semin Diagn Pathol 2015; 32:3-11. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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p16INK4 Expression is not associated with human papillomavirus in oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:694-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Salehinejad J, Sharifi N, Amirchaghmaghi M, Ghazi N, Shakeri MT, Ghazi A. Immunohistochemical expression of p16 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma and lichen planus. Ann Diagn Pathol 2014; 18:210-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Papillomaviruses in felids. Vet J 2014; 199:340-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Nankivell P, Williams H, Webster K, Pearson D, High A, MacLennan K, Senguven B, McConkey C, Rabbitts P, Mehanna H. Investigation of p16INK
4a
as a prognostic biomarker in oral epithelial dysplasia. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:245-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nankivell
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE); Birmingham UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire; Coventry UK
| | - Hazel Williams
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE); Birmingham UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - Keith Webster
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | | | - Alec High
- Histopathology Department; Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust; Leeds UK
| | | | - Burcu Senguven
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Christopher McConkey
- Clinical Trials Unit; Warwick Medical School; University of Warwick; Coventry UK
| | - Pamela Rabbitts
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE); Birmingham UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
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22
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Kaur J, Matta A, Kak I, Srivastava G, Assi J, Leong I, Witterick I, Colgan TJ, Macmillan C, Siu KWM, Walfish PG, Ralhan R. S100A7 overexpression is a predictive marker for high risk of malignant transformation in oral dysplasia. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1379-88. [PMID: 24122701 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of oral lesions (OLs) at high risk of cancer development is of utmost importance for intervention. There is an urgent unmet clinical need for biomarkers that allow identification of high-risk OLs. Recently, we identified and verified a panel of five candidate protein biomarkers namely S100A7, prothymosin alpha, 14-3-3ζ, 14-3-3σ and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K using proteomics to distinguish OLs with dysplasia and oral cancers from normal oral tissues. The objective of our study was to evaluate the potential of these candidate protein biomarkers for identification of oral dysplastic lesions at high risk of cancer development. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed expressions of these five candidate protein biomarkers in 110 patients with biopsy-proven oral dysplasia and known clinical outcome and determined their correlations with p16 expression and HPV 16/18 status. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed reduced oral cancer-free survival (OCFS) of 68.6 months (p = 0.007) in patients showing cytoplasmic S100A7 overexpression when compared to patients with weak or no S100A7 immunostaining in cytoplasm (mean OCFS = 122.8 months). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed cytoplasmic S100A7 overexpression as the most significant candidate marker associated with cancer development in dysplastic lesions (p = 0.041, hazard ratio = 2.36). In conclusion, our study suggested the potential of S100A7 overexpression in identifying OLs with dysplasia at high risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Woo SB, Cashman EC, Lerman MA. Human papillomavirus-associated oral intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:1288-97. [PMID: 23599160 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated an unusual subset of oral epithelial dysplasia for the presence of transcriptionally active high-risk HPV subtypes and to further characterize the histological criteria for this condition. There were 20 cases diagnosed as epithelial dysplasia with marked apoptosis of the anterior oral cavity. Clinical and follow-up data were collected and histopathological features were documented. Immunoperoxidase studies were performed for p16 and in situ hybridization studies were performed for low- and high-risk HPV sub-types. Gender- and site-matched controls of conventional moderate-to-severe oral epithelial dysplasia were similarly evaluated using immunoperoxidase studies for p16 and in situ hybridization; the number of apoptotic cells for study and control cases was counted at two different tissue sites. There were 17 men and 3 women with a median age of 56 years. Seventeen lesions were described as white and five were described as rough or papillary. Thirteen were located on the lateral or ventral tongue, some extending onto the floor of the mouth. Epithelial hyperplasia with marked karyorrhexis and apoptosis were present in all the cases, along with features of conventional oral epithelial dysplasia. A statistically significant number of apoptotic cells were identified in the study cases when compared with controls (P>0.0001). Twenty cases were positive for high-risk HPV by in situ hybridization and all 19 nineteen cases evaluated for p16 demonstrated overexpression. Two patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinomas and one patient developed recurrent disease. We report a subset of oral epithelial dysplasia that occurs mostly in adult men on the ventral or lateral tongue and is positive for high-risk HPV and for p16. We propose use of the term 'HPV-associated Oral Intraepithelial Neoplasia' to characterize these lesions of the oral cavity for consistency in nomenclature with HPV-associated lesions of the lower anogenital tract. One case recurred and one developed invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Bin Woo
- 1] Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [3] Strata Pathology Services, Cambridge, MA, USA
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24
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Association of high-risk human papillomavirus infection with oral epithelial dysplasia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:541-9. [PMID: 23522647 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of oral epithelial dysplasia for biologically significant human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. STUDY DESIGN Forty consecutive cases of high-grade dysplasia and 37 cases of low-grade dysplasia were examined for p16(INK4a) expression by immunohistochemistry. High-risk HPV infection was assessed in p16-positive cases using in situ hybridization. Proliferation index was assessed with MIB-1 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Eleven of 40 high-grade dysplasias and one of 37 low-grade dysplasias were p16 positive. High-risk HPV was detected in seven cases of p16-positive high-grade dysplasia. The difference between high- and low-grade dysplasia was statistically significant (P = .01). HPV-positive high-grade dysplasias showed a distinctive histologic appearance and MIB-1 labeling pattern. Most high-risk HPV-positive cases were seen in the floor of mouth. CONCLUSION High-risk HPV was associated with a subset of cases of severe epithelial dysplasia/carcinoma in situ that demonstrated diffuse loss of squamous differentiation and a high proliferation index.
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25
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p16 Immunohistochemistry Can Be Used to Detect Human Papillomavirus in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:1367-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Role of HPV-16 in Pathogenesis of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Correlation of p16INK4A Expression in HPV-16 Positive Cases: An Immunohistochemical Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/807095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of current study is to evaluate the role of HPV-16 in the pathogenesis of oral epithelial dysplasias (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and to know whether HPV-16 participates in disruption of the regulation of p16 INK4A suppressor protein in OED and OSCC by IHC. Histopathologically diagnosed 20 cases of OED and 20 cases of OSCC were selected from amongst the patients attending the OPD of Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sangli. Biopsy tissue section were then tested for HPV-16 by IHC. HPV-16 positive tissue sections were then again tested by p16 by IHC. Overall 22.5% of cases in our study were found to be positive for HPV 16 which includes 10% of cases of OED and 35% cases of OSCC. Amongst the HPV 16 positive cases, more than 60% of cells were positive for p16INK4A IHC in OED (50%) and OSCC (85.71%). Thus, HPV 16 participates in disruption of the regulation of p16INK4A suppressor protein and can be used as surrogate biomarker for detection of HPV infection in OED and OSCC.
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27
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Munday JS, French AF, Gibson IR, Knight CG. The presence of p16 CDKN2A protein immunostaining within feline nasal planum squamous cell carcinomas is associated with an increased survival time and the presence of papillomaviral DNA. Vet Pathol 2012; 50:269-73. [PMID: 22751687 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812452582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In humans, oral SCCs are either caused by papillomavirus (PV) infection or by other carcinogens such as tobacco. As these 2 groups of SCCs have different causes they also have different clinical behaviors. Immunostaining using anti-p16(CDKN2A) protein (p16) antibodies is used to indicate a PV etiology in human oral SCCs and p16-positive SCCs have a more favorable prognosis. The present study investigated whether p16 immunostaining within feline nasal planum SCCs was similarly associated with the presence of PV DNA and with a longer survival time. Intense p16 immunostaining was visible in 32 of 51 (63%) SCCs. In 30 cats with nonexcised SCCs, cats with p16-positive neoplasms had a longer estimated mean survival time (643 days) than cats with p16-negative SCCs (217 days, P = .013). Papillomavirus DNA was amplified more frequently from p16-positive nasal planum SCCs (28 of 32) than p16-negative SCCs (5 of 19, P < .001). The different survival times in cats with p16-positive and p16-negative SCCs suggests that p16 could be a useful prognostic indicator in these common feline cancers. As the clinical behavior of the SCCs can be subdivided using p16 immunostaining, the 2 groups of SCCs may be caused by different factors, supporting a PV etiology in a proportion of feline nasal planum SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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28
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Joseph AW, D'Souza G. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2012; 45:739-64. [PMID: 22793850 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized to cause a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Although excessive tobacco and alcohol use continue to be important risk factors for HNSCC, epidemiologic studies suggest that more than 25% of HNSCC are now caused by HPV. The incidence of HPV-related HNSCC is increasing, highlighting the need to understand the oral HPV infections causing these cancers. This article reviews the evidence for a causal association between HPV and HNSCC, examines the changing epidemiologic trends of HNSCC, and discusses what is currently known about oral HPV infection, natural history, and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Joseph
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, JHOC 6th Floor, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Jarboe EA, Hunt JP, Layfield LJ. Cytomorphologic diagnosis and HPV testing of metastatic and primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A review and summary of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 40:491-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Munday JS, Aberdein D. Loss of Retinoblastoma Protein, But Not p53, Is Associated With the Presence of Papillomaviral DNA in Feline Viral Plaques, Bowenoid In Situ Carcinomas, and Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:538-45. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985811419534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although papillomaviral (PV) DNA is frequently present in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a causative association cannot be proven. Oncogenic human PVs cause neoplastic transformation by inhibiting retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53 activity. Therefore, absence of pRb and p53 immunostaining, along with increased p16 immunostaining, indicates a PV cause in some human SCCs. If PVs cause cutaneous feline SCCs, it was hypothesized that a similar immunohistochemistry profile, along with PV DNA, would be detectable. This was investigated using 5 feline viral plaques, 10 Bowenoid in situ carcinomas, 19 SCCs from ultraviolet-exposed (UV-exposed) skin, and 11 SCCs from UV-protected skin. Papillomaviral DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from 30 of 45 lesions. Reduced pRb immunostaining was present in 26 of 45; increased p16 immunostaining was in 30; and p53 immunostaining was in 19. Both reduced pRb immunostaining and increased p16 immunostaining were more frequent in lesions containing PV DNA. In contrast, no association was observed between p53 immunostaining and the presence of PV DNA. SCCs from UV-protected skin more frequently contained PV DNA, reduced pRb, and increased p16 than UV-exposed SCCs. UV exposure was not associated with p53 immunostaining within the SCCs. These results suggest that feline PVs alter cell regulation by degrading pRb. Unlike oncogenic human PVs, there was no evidence that feline PVs degrade p53. These results provide further evidence that PVs may cause feline cutaneous SCCs, especially those in UV-protected skin, and they suggest a possible mechanism of this oncogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D. Aberdein
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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31
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Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in epithelial dysplasia of oral cavity and oropharynx: a meta-analysis, 1985-2010. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:1048-54. [PMID: 21816661 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are causally related to a sub-set of oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers. However, a clear estimate of the prevalence of HPV-16/18 in oral cavity and oropharyngeal dysplasia (OOPD) is not available. This literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a prevalence estimate for HPV-16/18 in OOPD. Twenty-two studies that reported prevalence of HPV-16 and/or 18 in 458 OOPD lesions were analyzed. Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the prevalence of HPV-16/18 and logistic regression was used for stratified analysis by age, gender, and histological grade. The overall prevalence of HPV-16/18 in OOPD lesions was 24.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.4-36.7%)]. The individual prevalence for HPV-16 alone was 24.4%. The prevalence of HPV-16/18 in oral cavity lesions alone was 25.3% (95% CI, 14.2-45.2%). The odds of detection of HPV-16/18 in dysplastic lesions in males were twice that of females [odds ratio (OR), 2.44]. HPV-16/18 were 3 times more common in dysplastic lesions (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.95-5.53%) and invasive cancers (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 2.07-5.69%), when compared to normal biopsies. There was no significant difference in HPV-16/18 rates between dysplastic lesions and cancers or between mild, moderate or severe dysplastic lesions. This meta-analysis provides a quantification of the prevalence of HPV types 16/18 in OOPD lesions. These results also support the assumption that HPV-16/18 infection occurs during the early phase of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis.
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Montebugnoli L, Venturi M, Gissi D, Leonardi E, Farnedi A, Foschini MP. Immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4A protein in oral lichen planus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:222-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ishibashi M, Kishino M, Sato S, Morii E, Ogawa Y, Aozasa K, Kogo M, Toyosawa S. The prevalence of human papillomavirus in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to cervical lesions used as a positive control. Int J Clin Oncol 2011; 16:646-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-011-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Munday JS, Knight CG, French AF. Evaluation of feline oral squamous cell carcinomas for p16CDKN2A protein immunoreactivity and the presence of papillomaviral DNA. Res Vet Sci 2011; 90:280-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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p16(INK4a)/CDKN2 expression and its relationship with oral squamous cell carcinoma is our current knowledge enough? Cancer Lett 2011; 306:134-41. [PMID: 21411222 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are the most common malignancy of the oral cavity and their multistep development requires the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Inactivation of p16(INK4a), encoded by the CDKN2 gene has been widely associated with this type of tumors. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the relationship between p16(INK4a) expression and the different clinical and pathological aspects of OSCC, analyze the variation in results between studies, detailing the described genetic/epigenetic alterations that result in gene silencing and the relationship between p16(INK4a) and HPV infection.
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36
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Munday JS, Gibson I, French AF. Papillomaviral DNA and increased p16CDKN2A protein are frequently present within feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in ultraviolet-protected skin. Vet Dermatol 2011; 22:360-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Montebugnoli L, Cervellati F, Cocchi R, Farnedi A, Pennesi MG, Flamminio F, Foschini MP. Immunohistochemical expression of p16(INK4A) protein as a helpful marker of a subset of potentially malignant oral epithelial lesions: study on a series with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 2011; 57:528-34. [PMID: 20955378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine a group of lesions that progressed to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to determine whether p16(INK4A) expression is an early finding during malignant transformation, and whether immunohistochemical evaluation of p16(INK4A) is an appropriate prognostic marker. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty cases of OSCC were investigated. All cases had had a biopsy on the same site as OSCC performed at least 1year before OSCC (range 1-11years; mean 3.15±3.1years). Twenty specimens from normal oral mucosa served as controls. p16(INK4A) expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis and cases showing >5% of stained cells were defined as 'positive'. All 20 control cases were negative for p16(INK4A) . Oral lesions were p16(INK4A) -positive in nine cases and negative in 11. No significant relationship was found between p16(INK4A) positivity and the presence/absence of dysplasia. Among OSCC, nine tumours showed p16(INK4A) positivity and 11 showed negativity. A significant relationship (χ(2)=7.1; P<0.01) was found between the presence/absence of p16(INK4A) staining in OSCC and the presence/absence of p16(INK4A) staining in lesions preceding OSCC. CONCLUSIONS p16(INK4A) immunohistochemistry has a potential role in detecting a subset of p16(INK4A) -positive lesions with malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
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38
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Bilodeau E, Alawi F, Costello BJ, Prasad JL. Molecular diagnostics for head and neck pathology. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2010; 22:183-94. [PMID: 20159486 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostic techniques are quickly finding a role in the detection and diagnosis of tumors, and in predicting their behavior. They may also prove useful in developing new therapeutic approaches to head and neck cancer. The surgeon working in the craniomaxillofacial region should have an understanding of these technologies, their availability in various settings, and how they affect various aspects of treatment, particularly in the detection and treatment of malignancies. This article offers an overview of recent advances in molecular diagnostic techniques, with their implications for diagnosis and management of head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bilodeau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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39
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Distinctive Association of p16INK4a Overexpression With Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia Depicting Warty and/or Basaloid Features: A Study of 141 Cases Evaluating a New Nomenclature. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34:385-92. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181cdad23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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WHIM syndrome and oral squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:105-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Oliveira MC, Soares RC, Pinto LP, Souza LBD, Medeiros SRBD, Costa ADLL. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is not associated with p53 and bcl-2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Auris Nasus Larynx 2009; 36:450-6. [PMID: 19124208 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Campisi G, Giovannelli L. Controversies surrounding human papilloma virus infection, head & neck vs oral cancer, implications for prophylaxis and treatment. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2009; 1:8. [PMID: 19331691 PMCID: PMC2673223 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Head & Neck Cancer (HNC) represents the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and it is historically linked to well-known behavioural risk factors, i.e., tobacco smoking and/or the alcohol consumption. Recently, substantial evidence has been mounting that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is playing an increasing important role in oral cancer. Because of the attention and clamor surrounding oral HPV infection and related cancers, as well as the use of HPV prophylactic vaccines, in this invited perspective the authors raise some questions and review some controversial issues on HPV infection and its role in HNC, with a particular focus on oral squamous cell carcinoma. The problematic definition and classification of HNC will be discussed, together with the characteristics of oral infection with oncogenic HPV types, the frequency of HPV DNA detection in HNC, the location of HPV-related tumours, the severity and prognosis of HPV-positive HNC, the diagnosis of oral HPV infection, common routes of oral infection and the likelihood of oro-genital HPV transmission, the prevention of HPV infection and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Campisi
- Settore di Medicina Orale, Dip. di Scienze Stomatologiche, Università Palermo, Via del Vespro 129-90127, Palermo, Italy.
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43
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Dwivedi PP, Mallya S, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. A novel immunocompetent murine model for Candida albicans-promoted oral epithelial dysplasia. Med Mycol 2009; 47:157-67. [PMID: 18608888 PMCID: PMC2730668 DOI: 10.1080/13693780802165797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen found in the oral mucosa. Clinical observations indicate a significant positive association between oral Candida carriage or infection and oral epithelial dysplasia/neoplasia. The aim of this study was to test whether C. albicans is able to promote epithelial dysplasia or carcinoma in a mouse model of infection where a carcinogen (4 Nitroquinoline 1-oxide [4NQO]) was used as initiator of neoplasia. Mice were divided into four groups: group 1 received 4NQO alone; group 2 received 4NQO followed by C. albicans (ATCC 90234); group 3 received vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) followed by C. albicans and group 4 was untreated. Although 4NQO treated mice did not develop oral lesions, mice exposed to both 4NQO and C. albicans developed oral dysplastic lesions 19 weeks after exposure to 4NQO. Mice challenged with C. albicans only developed hyperplastic lesions. The expression of Ki-67 and p16, two cell-cycle associated proteins that are frequently deregulated in oral dysplasia/neoplasia, was also tested in these lesions. Ki-67 and p16 expression increased from normal to hyperplastic to dysplastic mucosa and was highest in the group exposed to both 4NQO and C. albicans. In conclusion, we showed that C. albicans plays a role in the promotion of oral dysplasia in a mouse model of infection when 4NQO was used as initiator of oral neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Dwivedi
- Division of Periodontology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conneticut, USA
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44
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Greer R, Meyers A, Said S, Shroyer K. Is p16INK4a protein expression in oral ST lesions a reliable precancerous marker? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 37:840-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Schlecht NF, Burk RD, Adrien L, Dunne A, Kawachi N, Sarta C, Chen Q, Brandwein-Gensler M, Prystowsky MB, Childs G, Smith RV, Belbin TJ. Gene expression profiles in HPV-infected head and neck cancer. J Pathol 2007; 213:283-93. [PMID: 17893858 DOI: 10.1002/path.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and laboratory evidence indicate that, in addition to tobacco and alcohol, human papillomaviruses (HPV) play an important aetiological role in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To evaluate the molecular pathogenesis of HPV-infected HNSCC, we compared gene expression patterns between HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC tumours using cDNA microarrays. Tumour tissue was collected from 42 histologically confirmed HNSCC patients from an inner-city area of New York. Total DNA and RNA were extracted and purified from frozen tumour samples and gene expression levels were compared to a universal human reference RNA standard using a 27 323 cDNA microarray chip. HPV detection and genotyping were performed using an MY09/11-PCR system and RT-PCR. HPV was detected in 29% of HNSCC tumours. Most harboured only HPV16 and expressed the HPV16-E6 oncogene. HPV prevalence was highest in pharyngeal tumours (45%). Gene expression patterns that differentiated HPV-positive from negative tumours were compared by supervised classification analysis, and a multiple-gene signature was found to predict HPV16 prevalence in primary HNSCC with a false discovery rate < 0.2. Focusing on never-smokers, we further identified a distinct subset of 123 genes that were specifically dysregulated in HPV16-positive HNSCC. Overexpressed genes in HPV-positive HNSCC tumours included the retinoblastoma-binding protein (p18), replication factor-C gene, and an E2F-dimerization partner transcription factor (TFDP2) that have also been found to be overexpressed in cervical cancer. An additional subset of genes involved in viral defence and immune response, including interleukins and interferon-induced proteins, was found to be down-regulated in HPV-positive tumours, supporting a characteristic and unique transcriptional profile in HPV-induced HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Schlecht
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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