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Shankarappa S, Burk JT, Subbaiah P, Rao RN, Doddawad VG. White spot lesions in fixed orthodontic treatment: Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future research perspectives. J Orthod Sci 2024; 13:21. [PMID: 38784071 PMCID: PMC11114457 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_205_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs) refer to localized areas of hypo-mineralization limited to the enamel of the teeth surface, which is noticeable clinically to the naked eye on drying of the teeth. During fixed orthodontic treatment, it is very hard for the patient to maintain excellent oral hygiene as the brackets, bands, wires, elastics, and other appliances and attachments worn intra-orally provide a platform for food retention, plaque formation, and then colonization by acidogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. This review aims to elaborate and focus on etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment aspect, and future scope for research about the WSLs occurring due to fixed orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Shankarappa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jerusha Titus Burk
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Subbaiah
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghunath Nagasundara Rao
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya Gowdappa Doddawad
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Rodriguez Betancourt A, Samal A, Chan HL, Kripfgans OD. Overview of Ultrasound in Dentistry for Advancing Research Methodology and Patient Care Quality with Emphasis on Periodontal/Peri-implant Applications. Z Med Phys 2023; 33:336-386. [PMID: 36922293 PMCID: PMC10517409 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound is a non-invasive, cross-sectional imaging technique emerging in dentistry. It is an adjunct tool for diagnosing pathologies in the oral cavity that overcomes some limitations of current methodologies, including direct clinical examination, 2D radiographs, and cone beam computerized tomography. Increasing demand for soft tissue imaging has led to continuous improvements on transducer miniaturization and spatial resolution. The aims of this study are (1) to create a comprehensive overview of the current literature of ultrasonic imaging relating to dentistry, and (2) to provide a view onto investigations with immediate, intermediate, and long-term impact in periodontology and implantology. METHODS A rapid literature review was performed using two broad searches conducted in the PubMed database, yielding 576 and 757 citations, respectively. A rating was established within a citation software (EndNote) using a 5-star classification. The broad search with 757 citations allowed for high sensitivity whereas the subsequent rating added specificity. RESULTS A critical review of the clinical applications of ultrasound in dentistry was provided with a focus on applications in periodontology and implantology. The role of ultrasound as a developing dental diagnostic tool was reviewed. Specific uses such as soft and hard tissue imaging, longitudinal monitoring, as well as anatomic and physiological evaluation were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Future efforts should be directed towards the transition of ultrasonography from a research tool to a clinical tool. Moreover, a dedicated effort is needed to introduce ultrasonic imaging to dental education and the dental community to ultimately improve the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Samal
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Dental School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kamburoğlu K, Çakmak EE, Eratam N, Sönmez G, Karahan S. In vitro assessment of periapical lesions created in sheep mandibles by using high resolution ultrasonography and cone beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20210048. [PMID: 34111365 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Providing ultrasound images of periapical lesions may be problematic depending on the thickness of the overlying cortical bone. Clinically, it is crucial to determine the cut-off value of overlaying bone thickness in terms of interference with ultrasound imaging in conjunction with assessment of changes in periapical jaw bone lesions. Our aim was to determine the minimum amount of overlaying buccal bone thickness of artificial periapical lesions in order to be visible by ultrasound imaging and to compare width, height, depth, surface area and volume measurements of detectable periapical lesions obtained from ultrasound and CBCT images. METHODS Periapical lesions were created in 16 molar teeth of sheep mandibles. Cavities were enlarged until the borders of lesions were visible on 14 MHz hockey probe ultrasound imaging. CBCT and ultrasound images were obtained simultaneously after drilling and enlarging each size of the cavities and replacing the teeth in their sockets. two observers separately assessed images twice within 2 weeks of interval. By using CBCT and ultrasound images, buccal bone thickness, maximum width, height, depth, surface area and volume of periapical lesions were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was utilized and significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The mean buccal bone thickness ranged between 1.21 mm and 1.31 mm for both imaging techniques. For the measurement of buccal bone thickness, periapical lesion width, height, depth, surface area, and volume excellent ICC values were found in terms of intrarater (ranging between 0.907 and 1) and inter-rater (ranging between 0.864 and 1) reliability for both observers and their readings. There were no statistically significant differences for both observers and for their two readings between ultrasound and CBCT measurements of buccal bone thickness, and periapical lesion width and height (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We suggested that a buccal thickness of approximately 1.28 mm might be accepted as a cut-off value for the detection of periapical lesions with 14 MHz hockey probe ultrasound. High resolution ultrasound provided accurate information for the measurement of buccal bone thickness and lesion width and height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıvanç Kamburoğlu
- Dept of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Ece Çakmak
- Dept of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejlan Eratam
- Dept of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gül Sönmez
- Dept of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adakent University, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Karahan
- Dept of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Govindaraj A, Dinesh SS. Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish and Fluoride Varnish on White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients- a Systematic Review. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim:
The aim of this study is to critically review the studies that studied the effect of Chlorhexidine varnish and fluoride varnish on White Spot Lesion (WSL) in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods:
The electronic database PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge along with a complimentary manual search of all orthodontic journals till the first week of December 2019 was searched. English language study performed on humans, randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials, comparing the effect of fluoride and chlorhexidine varnish on WSL was included in the review. Quality assessment of included studies was performed.
Clinical Significance:
The need for an adjunct oral hygiene aid to reduce the incidence and prevalence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients is necessary. The use of these varnishes will aid in the same and thus make the adverse effects of fixed orthodontic treatment negligible.
Review of Literature:
Enamel demineralization is a significant risk associated with orthodontic treatment when oral hygiene is poor. Prevention of demineralization during orthodontic treatment is one of the greatest challenges faced by clinicians despite modern advances in caries prevention. The development of White Spot Lesions (WSLs) is attributed to prolonged plaque accumulation around the brackets.
Results:
The search identified a total of 3 studies that were included in this review. One study had Low risk of bias and the remaining 2 studies had moderate overall risk. Results showed that there was a reduction in the incidence of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients after application of chlorhexidine and Fluoride varnish.
Conclusion:
Low level evidence is available to conclude that the use of chlorhexidine varnishes and fluoride varnishes reduces the prevalence of white spot lesions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Due to its limitations, the results of this systematic review should be handled with caution and further well-planned Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) are needed to provide a discrete conclusion.
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Liu Y, Liu P, Wang L, Shi Y, Chen J, Wang H, Zhang X. Inhibitory effects of citrus lemon oil and limonene on Streptococcus sobrinus – Induced dental caries in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yanikoglu F, Avci H, Celik ZC, Tagtekin D. Diagnostic Performance of ICDAS II, FluoreCam and Ultrasound for Flat Surface Caries with Different Depths. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1755-1760. [PMID: 32376191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of ultrasound for the diagnosis of natural caries lesions with different depths on flat surfaces of permanent molar teeth was studied. A total of 200 freshly extracted permanent molar teeth with natural caries lesions were included. After evaluation with International Caries and Detection Assessment System II (ICDAS II), mineral loss and lesions in the teeth were detected with a fluorescence device, FluoreCam and lesion depths were measured using ultrasound. The teeth were sectioned and examined histologically using a microscope. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 for the ultrasound system, 0.65 for the ICDAS II classification and 0.59 for FluoreCam (p < 0.001 for all). With an increase in ICDAS II scores, mean ultrasound values, FluoreCam-Size and microscope measurements increased numerically, while FluoreCam-Intensity and FluoreCam-Impact measurements inversely decreased (p < 0.001). There was a high level of agreement between histologic diagnosis and ultrasound. Ultrasound and FluoreCam can be used to detect enamel caries on flat surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Yanikoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Avci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ceren Celik
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Tagtekin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kondrashova T, De Wan D, Briones MU, Kondrashov P. Integration of ultrasound imaging into pre-clinical dental education. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2017; 21:228-234. [PMID: 27041147 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients have complex healthcare needs and typically require more than one healthcare discipline to address issues regarding their health. Interprofessional teams of healthcare professionals may be able to address these complex needs and improve patient outcomes by combining resources. To evaluate the feasibility of integrating ultrasound into a dental school curriculum to teach anatomy as part of an interprofessional education experience, the current study surveyed first-year dental students to determine their perceptions of the integration of ultrasound techniques into the curriculum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrasound laboratory exercises were developed for first-year dental students as part of their anatomy course. The exercises were focused on head, neck and abdominal anatomy. To assess student perception of the integration of ultrasound into the dental curriculum, a survey was created specifically for the current study. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2015, two classes of first-year dental students participated in the ultrasound laboratory exercise and completed the survey (n = 83). Student survey responses suggested ultrasound was a valuable teaching tool because it allowed them to visualise anatomical structures using live imaging. They also agreed that the ultrasound laboratory exercises were an efficient learning tool, but the majority did not believe that they would use ultrasound regularly in their future practice. CONCLUSIONS Results of the current study suggested first-year dental students were satisfied with the integration of ultrasound techniques into the dental curriculum. Survey results indicated that the students enjoyed the ultrasound laboratory exercise and felt ultrasound was an effective learning tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kondrashova
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - D De Wan
- Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - M U Briones
- Academic Affairs, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - P Kondrashov
- Anatomy Department, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
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Oh HY, Jung HI, Lee JW, de Jong EDJ, Kim BI. Improving the competency of dental hygiene students in detecting dental restorations using quantitative light-induced fluorescence technology. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 17:245-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Salmerón-Valdés EN, Lara-Carrillo E, Medina-Solís CE, Robles-Bermeo NL, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Casanova-Rosado JF, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Fernández Barrera MÁ. Tooth demineralization and associated factors in patients on fixed orthodontic treatment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36383. [PMID: 27805027 PMCID: PMC5090428 DOI: 10.1038/srep36383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental demineralization was determined in patients at three time points during fixed orthodontic treatment. A multiple cross-sectional study included 108 patients divided into three different groups: (1) beginning of orthodontic treatment; (2) one year into treatment; and (3) two years into treatment. Demineralization was estimated using a DIAGNOdent pen. We obtained data from multiple tooth-by-tooth demineralization readings combined with salivary pH and patients' oral hygienic and dietary behaviors. A t-test for independent samples and Spearman´s correlation were performed. No demineralizations differences were found between the initial stage and one year into treatment. Between one and two years small differences were observed, but demineralization increased between the initial stage and second treatment year, predominating in upper right central incisors (p = 0.056), upper left lateral incisors (p = 0.040), both upper canines (p = 0.055 and p = 0.040, respectively) and first left premolars (p = 0.034 and p = 0.053, respectively). We did not find associations between oral hygiene and dietary behaviours or salivary pH. In conclusion, demineralization occurred in first year of treatment and increased during second year, predominating in the upper arch and the left side mainly in upper right central incisors, upper left lateral incisors, both upper canines, and first left premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Nahúm Salmerón-Valdés
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México
| | - Edith Lara-Carrillo
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México
| | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México.,Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Norma Leticia Robles-Bermeo
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México
| | - Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis
- Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, México
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Effect of Cortical Bone Thickness on Detection of Intraosseous Lesions by Ultrasonography. Radiol Res Pract 2015; 2015:797593. [PMID: 26366296 PMCID: PMC4561116 DOI: 10.1155/2015/797593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Usefulness of ultrasound (US) in detection of intrabony lesions has been showed. A cortical bone perforation or a very thin and intact cortical bone is prerequisite for this purpose. Objective. The current in vitro study was aimed at measuring the cut-off thickness of the overlying cortical bone which allows ultrasonic assessment of bony defects. Materials and Methods. 20 bovine scapula blocks were obtained. Samples were numbered from 1 to 20. In each sample, 5 artificial lesions were made. The lesions were made in order to increase the overlying bone thickness, from 0.1 mm in the first sample to 2 mm in the last one (with 0.1 mm interval). After that, the samples underwent ultrasound examinations by two practicing radiologists. Results. All five lesions in samples numbered 1 to 11 were detected as hypoechoic area. Cortical bone thickness more than 1.1 mm resulted in a failure in the detection of central lesions. Conclusion. We can conclude that neither bony perforation nor very thin cortical bones are needed to consider US to be an effective imaging technique in the evaluation of bony lesion.
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Shah N, Bansal N, Logani A. Recent advances in imaging technologies in dentistry. World J Radiol 2014; 6:794-807. [PMID: 25349663 PMCID: PMC4209425 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentistry has witnessed tremendous advances in all its branches over the past three decades. With these advances, the need for more precise diagnostic tools, specially imaging methods, have become mandatory. From the simple intra-oral periapical X-rays, advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound have also found place in modern dentistry. Changing from analogue to digital radiography has not only made the process simpler and faster but also made image storage, manipulation (brightness/contrast, image cropping, etc.) and retrieval easier. The three-dimensional imaging has made the complex cranio-facial structures more accessible for examination and early and accurate diagnosis of deep seated lesions. This paper is to review current advances in imaging technology and their uses in different disciplines of dentistry.
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Marotti J, Heger S, Tinschert J, Tortamano P, Chuembou F, Radermacher K, Wolfart S. Recent advances of ultrasound imaging in dentistry--a review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 115:819-32. [PMID: 23706922 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonography as an imaging modality in dentistry has been extensively explored in recent years due to several advantages that diagnostic ultrasound provides. It is a non-invasive, inexpensive, painless method and unlike X-ray, it does not cause harmful ionizing radiation. Ultrasound has a promising future as a diagnostic imaging tool in all specialties in dentistry, for both hard and soft tissue detection. The aim of this review is to provide the scientific community and clinicians with an overview of the most recent advances of ultrasound imaging in dentistry. The use of ultrasound is described and discussed in the fields of dental scanning, caries detection, dental fractures, soft tissue and periapical lesions, maxillofacial fractures, periodontal bony defects, gingival and muscle thickness, temporomandibular disorders, and implant dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Marotti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP.
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Pinelli C, Loffredo LDCM, Serra MC. Effect of drying on the reproducibility of DIAGNOdent to detect caries-like lesions. Braz Dent J 2010; 21:405-10. [PMID: 21180795 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402010000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the drying effect on the reproducibility of DIAGNOdent (Dd) devices to detect caries-like lesions. Three areas were created in each of the 34 bovine incisors: sound (S), demineralized (DE) and remineralized (RE). One examiner measured each area with two Dd devices (denominated X and Y), twice under humid, and twice under dry condition. Intra-rater agreement according each device and inter-device agreement were estimated by kappa statistics (k). Intra-rater agreement for device Y was substantial under humid (κ (DE)=0.68 and κ (RE+S)=0.68) and dry condition (k DE=0.64 and k RE+S=0.67). For device X, it was substantial under humid condition (k DE=0.57 and k RE+S=0.49), and it was almost perfect after air drying (κ (DE)=1.0 and κ (RE+S)=1.0). Inter-device agreement was slight (k =0.17) under humid condition, and it was substantial under dry condition (k =0.62). As reproducibility increased under dry condition, drying is advised to detect caries-like lesions on free smooth surfaces when different devices are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pinelli
- Department of Community Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University.
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Braga MM, Morais CC, Nakama RCS, Leamari VM, Siqueira WL, Mendes FM. In vitro performance of methods of approximal caries detection in primary molars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:e35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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