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Soares Martins T, Ferreira M, Magalhães S, Leandro K, Almeida LPD, Vogelgsang J, Breitling B, Hansen N, Esselmann H, Wiltfang J, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Nunes A, Henriques AG. FTIR Spectroscopy and Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Duo in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1157-1167. [PMID: 38489187 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is difficult, and new accurate tools based on peripheral biofluids are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as a valuable source of biomarker profiles for AD, since their cargo is disease-specific and these can be easily isolated from easily accessible biofluids, as blood. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can be employed to analyze EVs and obtain the spectroscopic profiles from different regions of the spectra, simultaneously characterizing carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Objective The aim of this study was to identify blood-derived EVs (bdEVs) spectroscopic signatures with AD discriminatory potential. Methods Herein, FTIR spectra of bdEVs from two biofluids (serum and plasma) and distinct sets of Controls and AD cases were acquired, and EVs' spectra analyzed. Results Analysis of bdEVs second derivative peaks area revealed differences between Controls and AD cases in distinct spectra regions, assigned to carbohydrates and nucleic acids, amides, and lipids. Conclusions EVs' spectroscopic profiles presented AD discriminatory value, supporting the use of bdEVs combined with FTIR as a screening or complementary tool for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Soares Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Ferreira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Magalhães
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, UnIC@RISE - Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kevin Leandro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís P de Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Benedict Breitling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Esselmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Sheng X, Xu J, Sun Y, Zhao J, Cao Y, Jiang L, Wu T, Lu H, Duan C, Hu J. Quantitative biochemical phenotypic heterogeneity of macrophages after myelin debris phagocytosis at a single cell level by synchrotron radiation fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1271:341434. [PMID: 37328242 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During the immuno-inflammatory pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic stroke, macrophages play an important role in phagocytizing and clearing degenerated myelin debris. After phagocytizing myelin debris, the biochemical phenotypes related to the biological function of macrophages show vast heterogeneity; however, it is not fully understood. Detecting biochemical changes after myelin debris phagocytosis by macrophages at a single-cell level is helpful to characterize phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. In this study, based on the cell model of myelin debris phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro, the biochemical changes in macrophages were investigated using Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. Infrared spectrum fluctuations, principal component analysis, and cell-to-cell Euclidean distance statistical analysis of specific spectrum regions revealed dynamic and significant changes in proteins and lipids within macrophages after myelin debris phagocytosis. Thus, SR-FTIR microspectroscopy is a powerful identification toolkit for exploring biochemical phenotype heterogeneity transformation that may be of great importance to providing an evaluation strategy for studying cell functions related to cellular substance distribution and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sheng
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China; Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Callery EL, Morais CLM, Nugent L, Rowbottom AW. Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Automated Computational Detection Methods: A Novel Tool for Future Diagnostic Testing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123158. [PMID: 36553165 PMCID: PMC9777204 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the proof of concept for using Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic platform in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We sought to identify unique Raman signatures in serum blood samples to successfully segregate SLE patients from healthy controls (HC). In addition, a retrospective audit was undertaken to assess the clinical utility of current testing platforms used to detect anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies (n = 600). We examined 234 Raman spectra to investigate key variances between SLE patients (n = 8) and HC (n = 4). Multi-variant analysis and classification model construction was achieved using principal component analysis (PCA), PCA-linear discriminant analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). We achieved the successful segregation of Raman spectra from SLE patients and healthy controls (p-value < 0.0001). Classification models built using PLS-DA demonstrated outstanding performance characteristics with 99% accuracy, 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity. Twelve statistically significant (p-value < 0.001) wavenumbers were identified as potential diagnostic spectral markers. Molecular assignments related to proteins and DNA demonstrated significant Raman intensity changes between SLE and HC groups. These wavenumbers may serve as future biomarkers and offer further insight into the pathogenesis of SLE. Our audit confirmed previously reported inconsistencies between two key methodologies used to detect anti-dsDNA, highlighting the need for improved laboratory testing for SLE. Raman spectroscopy has demonstrated powerful performance characteristics in this proof-of-concept study, setting the foundations for future translation into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Callery
- Department of Immunology, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston PR2 9HT, UK
- Correspondence: (E.L.C.); (A.W.R.)
| | - Camilo L. M. Morais
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Lucy Nugent
- Department of Immunology, Whiston Hospital, Prescot L35 5DR, UK
| | - Anthony W. Rowbottom
- Department of Immunology, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston PR2 9HT, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
- Correspondence: (E.L.C.); (A.W.R.)
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Alzheimer's disease diagnosis by blood plasma molecular fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM). Sci Rep 2022; 12:16199. [PMID: 36171258 PMCID: PMC9519548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous research advances in detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD), traditional diagnostic tests remain expensive, time-consuming or invasive. The search for a low-cost, rapid, and minimally invasive test has marked a new era of research and technological developments toward establishing blood-based AD biomarkers. The current study has employed excitation-emission matrices (EEM) of fluorescence spectroscopy combined with machine learning to diagnose AD using blood plasma samples from 230 individuals (83 AD patients from 147 healthy controls). To evaluate the performance of the classification algorithms, we calculated the commonly used figures of merit (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) and figures of merit that take into account the samples unbalance and the discrimination power of the models, as F2-score (F2), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and test effectiveness (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\delta$$\end{document}δ). The classification models achieved satisfactory results: Parallel Factor Analysis with Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (PARAFAC-QDA) with 83.33% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 86.21% F2; and Tucker3-QDA with 91.67% sensitivity, 95.45% specificity and 91.67% F2. In addition, the classifiers show high overall performance with 94.12% accuracy and 0.87 MCC. Regarding the discrimination power between healthy and AD patients, the classification algorithms showed high effectiveness with the mean scores separated by three or more standard deviations. The PARAFAC's spectral profiles and the wavelength values from both models loading profiles can be used in future research to relate this information to plasma AD biomarkers. Our results point to a rapid, low-cost and minimally invasive blood-based method for AD diagnosis.
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Trares K, Chen LJ, Schöttker B. Association of F 2-isoprostane levels with Alzheimer's disease in observational studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101552. [PMID: 34954419 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between F2-isoprostanes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been controversially discussed in the literature since the 1990s. However, no systematic review has been performed so far. METHODS A systematic review of observational studies on the associations of F2-isoprostanes and the specific biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α with AD were conducted. Random-effects model meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS 29 studies were included in the systematic review, including four longitudinal studies. In an overall meta-analysis of the 25 cross-sectional studies, F2-isoprostane levels were statistically significantly associated with AD (Hedge's g [95% confidence interval]: 1.00 [0.69-1.32]). When studies were grouped by biomarker and sample specimen, F2-isoprostane and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α levels were statistically significantly elevated in tissue samples of the frontal lobe of AD patients. Moreover, F2-isoprostane levels in cerebrospinal fluid and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α levels in blood samples of AD patients were significantly increased. Meta-analyses of the few longitudinal studies did not reach statistical significance. DISCUSSION Increased concentrations of F2-isoprostanes were found in AD patients. However, due to the lack of adjustment in most cross-sectional case-control studies, results must be interpreted carefully. In addition, the causality of the association is uncertain because evidence from well-conducted longitudinal studies was conflicting, and further longitudinal studies are required to reinforce the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Trares
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Li-Ju Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Figoli CB, Garcea M, Bisioli C, Tafintseva V, Shapaval V, Gómez Peña M, Gibbons L, Althabe F, Yantorno OM, Horton M, Schmitt J, Lasch P, Kohler A, Bosch A. A robust metabolomics approach for the evaluation of human embryos from in vitro fertilization. Analyst 2021; 146:6156-6169. [PMID: 34515271 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01191j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the most competent embryos for transfer to the uterus constitutes the main challenge of in vitro fertilization (IVF). We established a metabolomic-based approach by applying Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on 130 samples of 3-day embryo culture supernatants from 26 embryos that implanted and 104 embryos that failed. On examining the internal structure of the data by unsupervised multivariate analysis, we found that the supernatant spectra of nonimplanted embryos constituted a highly heterogeneous group. Whereas ∼40% of these supernatants were spectroscopically indistinguishable from those of successfully implanted embryos, ∼60% exhibited diverse, heterogeneous metabolic fingerprints. This observation proved to be the direct result of pregnancy's multifactorial nature, involving both intrinsic embryonic traits and external characteristics. Our data analysis strategy thus involved one-class modelling techniques employing soft independent modelling of class analogy that identified deviant fingerprints as unsuitable for implantation. From these findings, we could develop a noninvasive Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy-based approach that represents a shift in the fundamental paradigm for data modelling applied in assisted-fertilization technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Beatriz Figoli
- Laboratorio de Bioespectrosocpia, CINDEFI-CONICET, CCT La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Garcea
- PREGNA Medicina Reproductiva, C1425 AYV Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Bisioli
- PREGNA Medicina Reproductiva, C1425 AYV Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Mariana Gómez Peña
- PREGNA Medicina Reproductiva, C1425 AYV Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luz Gibbons
- IECS, Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, C1414 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Althabe
- IECS, Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, C1414 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Miguel Yantorno
- Laboratorio de Bioespectrosocpia, CINDEFI-CONICET, CCT La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Marcos Horton
- PREGNA Medicina Reproductiva, C1425 AYV Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Peter Lasch
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS) Proteomics and Spectroscopy Unit, Robert Koch-Institut, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Alejandra Bosch
- Laboratorio de Bioespectrosocpia, CINDEFI-CONICET, CCT La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Use of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) for Monitoring Experimental Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Inflammatory Response in Guinea Pig Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010281. [PMID: 33396581 PMCID: PMC7795336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections due to Gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori may result in humans having gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, and even gastric cancer. Investigation of quantitative changes of soluble biomarkers, correlating with H. pylori infection, is a promising tool for monitoring the course of infection and inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine, using an experimental model of H. pylori infection in guinea pigs, the specific characteristics of infrared spectra (IR) of sera from H. pylori infected (40) vs. uninfected (20) guinea pigs. The H. pylori status was confirmed by histological, molecular, and serological examination. The IR spectra were measured using a Fourier-transform (FT)-IR spectrometer Spectrum 400 (PerkinElmer) within the range of wavenumbers 3000–750 cm−1 and converted to first derivative spectra. Ten wavenumbers correlated with H. pylori infection, based on the chi-square test, were selected for a K-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm. The wavenumbers correlating with infection were identified in the W2 and W3 windows associated mainly with proteins and in the W4 window related to nucleic acids and hydrocarbons. The k-NN for detection of H. pylori infection has been developed based on chemometric data. Using this model, animals were classified as infected with H. pylori with 100% specificity and 97% sensitivity. To summarize, the IR spectroscopy and k-NN algorithm are useful for monitoring experimental H. pylori infection and related inflammatory response in guinea pig model and may be considered for application in humans.
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Anty R, Morvan M, Le Corvec M, Canivet CM, Patouraux S, Gugenheim J, Bonnafous S, Bailly-Maitre B, Sire O, Tariel H, Bernard J, Piche T, Loréal O, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Clément K, Tran A, Iannelli A, Gual P. The mid-infrared spectroscopy: A novel non-invasive diagnostic tool for NASH diagnosis in severe obesity. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:361-368. [PMID: 32039387 PMCID: PMC7005664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent medical need to develop non-invasive tests for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of an innovative model based on mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for the diagnosis of NASH. Methods Severely obese patients who underwent a bariatric procedure at the University Hospital of Nice, France (n = 395) were prospectively recruited. The clinico-biological characteristics were measured prior to surgery. Liver biopsies were collected during the surgical procedure and assessed by a pathologist. A training group (316 patients, NASH: 16.8%) and a validation group (79 patients, NASH: 16.5%) were randomly defined. MIR spectra were acquired by fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy, using chalcogenide glass fiber optic sensors and a spectrometer. This absorption spectroscopic technique delivers a spectrum that identifies the molecular composition of a sample, defining a patient's metabolic fingerprint. Results The areas under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) for the diagnosis of NASH were 0.82 and 0.77 in the training and validation groups, respectively. The best threshold was 0.15, which was associated with a sensitivity of 0.75 and 0.69, and a specificity of 0.72 and 0.76. Negative predictive values of 0.94 and 0.93 and positive predictive values of 0.35 and 0.36, as well as correctly classified patient rates of 72% and 75% were obtained in the training and validation groups, respectively. A composite model using aspartate aminotransferase level, triglyceride level and waist circumference alongside the MIR spectra led to an increase in AUROC (0.88 and 0.84 for the training and validations groups, respectively). Conclusions MIR spectroscopy provides good sensitivity and negative predictive values for NASH screening in patients with severe obesity. Lay summary There is an urgent need for tools to non-invasively diagnose and monitor non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study evaluates the performance of a new tool for fast NASH diagnosis based on mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. Using serum samples from severely obese patients who underwent a bariatric procedure, which enabled a concomitant liver biopsy to be performed, the MIR spectroscopy model performed well in screening patients for NASH compared to a traditional, histological diagnosis. There is no validated non-invasive diagnostic tool for NASH in routine care. NASH follow-up requires a non-invasive diagnostic method. Using a simple drop of serum, the mid-infrared spectrum captures a patient’s metabolic fingerprint. A model based on mid-infrared spectroscopy provides efficient NASH screening for patients with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, France
| | - Marie Morvan
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IRMAR - UMR, 6625, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thierry Piche
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), UMR-1241, Rennes, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm Unité UMRS NutriOmics, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, service de Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm Unité UMRS NutriOmics, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, service de Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, France
| | | | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, France
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Callery EL, Morais CLM, Paraskevaidi M, Brusic V, Vijayadurai P, Anantharachagan A, Martin FL, Rowbottom AW. New approach to investigate Common Variable Immunodeficiency patients using spectrochemical analysis of blood. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7239. [PMID: 31076587 PMCID: PMC6510896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections and various complications. The clinical heterogeneity of CVID has hindered identification of an underlying immune defect; diagnosis relies on clinical judgement, alongside evidence-based criteria. The lack of pathognomonic clinical or laboratory features leads to average diagnostic delays of 5 years or more from the onset. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have recently gained increasing clinical importance, being rapid-, non-invasive and inexpensive methods to obtain information on the content of biological samples. This has led us to apply FTIR spectroscopy to the investigation of blood samples from a cohort of CVID patients; revealing spectral features capable of stratifying CVID patients from healthy controls with sensitivities and specificities of 97% and 93%, respectively for serum, and 94% and 95%, respectively for plasma. Furthermore we identified several discriminating spectral biomarkers; wavenumbers in regions indicative of nucleic acids (984 cm−1, 1053 cm−1, 1084 cm−1, 1115 cm−1, 1528 cm−1, 1639 cm−1), and a collagen-associated biomarker (1528 cm−1), which may represent future candidate biomarkers and provide new knowledge on the aetiology of CVID. This proof-of-concept study provides a basis for developing a novel diagnostic tool for CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Callery
- Department of Immunology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK.
| | - Camilo L M Morais
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Maria Paraskevaidi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Vladimir Brusic
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Pavaladurai Vijayadurai
- Department of Immunology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK
| | - Ariharan Anantharachagan
- Department of Immunology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK
| | - Francis L Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Anthony W Rowbottom
- Department of Immunology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK. .,School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK. .,NIHR Lancashire Clinical Research Facility, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK.
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10
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Habartová L, Hrubešová K, Syslová K, Vondroušová J, Fišar Z, Jirák R, Raboch J, Setnička V. Blood-based molecular signature of Alzheimer's disease via spectroscopy and metabolomics. Clin Biochem 2019; 72:58-63. [PMID: 30954438 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With over 35 million cases worldwide, Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the main cause of dementia. The differentiation of AD from other types of dementia is challenging and its early diagnosis is complicated. The established biomarkers are not only based on the invasive collection of cerebrospinal fluid, but also lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, much current effort is aimed at the identification of new biomarkers of AD in peripheral blood. DESIGN AND METHODS We focused on blood-based analyses using chiroptical spectroscopy (Raman optical activity, electronic circular dichroism) supplemented with conventional vibrational spectroscopy (infrared, Raman) and metabolomics (high-performance liquid chromatography with a high-resolution mass detection). RESULTS This unique approach enabled us to identify the spectral pattern of AD and variations in metabolite levels. Subsequent linear discriminant analysis of the spectral data resulted in differentiation between the AD patients and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS It may be stated that this less invasive approach has strong potential for the identification of disease-related changes within essential plasmatic biomolecules and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Habartová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Hrubešová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Syslová
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vondroušová
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jirák
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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11
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Paraskevaidi M, Morais CLM, Freitas DLD, Lima KMG, Mann DMA, Allsop D, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. Blood-based near-infrared spectroscopy for the rapid low-cost detection of Alzheimer's disease. Analyst 2019; 143:5959-5964. [PMID: 30183030 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently under-diagnosed and is predicted to affect a great number of people in the future, due to the unrestrained aging of the population. An accurate diagnosis of AD at an early stage, prior to (severe) symptomatology, is of crucial importance as it would allow the subscription of effective palliative care and/or enrolment into specific clinical trials. Today, new analytical methods and research initiatives are being developed for the on-time diagnosis of this devastating disorder. During the last decade, spectroscopic techniques have shown great promise in the robust diagnosis of various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and dementia. In the current study, blood plasma samples were analysed with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a minimally-invasive method to distinguish patients with AD (n = 111) from non-demented volunteers (n = 173). After applying multivariate classification models (principal component analysis with quadratic discriminant analysis - PCA-QDA), AD individuals were correctly identified with 92.8% accuracy, 87.5% sensitivity and 96.1% specificity. Our results show the potential of NIR spectroscopy as a simple and cost-effective diagnostic tool for AD. Robust and early diagnosis may be a first step towards tackling this disease by allowing timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paraskevaidi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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12
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Abbas S, Simsek Ozek N, Emri S, Koksal D, Severcan M, Severcan F. Diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma from pleural fluid by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-14. [PMID: 30317725 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.10.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to differentiate malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from lung cancer (LC) and benign pleural effusion (BPE) from pleural fluids using the diagnostic power of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance mode coupled with chemometrics. Infrared spectra of MPM (n = 24), LC (n = 20), and BPE (n = 25) were collected, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to their spectra. HCA results indicated that MPM was differentiated from LC with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity and from BPE, with 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity, which were also confirmed by PCA score plots. PCA loading plots indicated that these separations originated mainly from lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids-related spectral bands. There was significantly higher lipid, protein, nucleic acid, and glucose contents in the MPM and LC. However, the significant changes in triglyceride and cholesterol ester content, protein and nucleic acid structure, a lower membrane fluidity, and higher membrane order were only observed in the MPM. To check the classification success of some test samples/each group, soft independent modeling of class analogies was performed and 96.2% overall classification success was obtained. This approach can provide a rapid and inexpensive methodology for the efficient differentiation of MPM from other pleural effusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abbas
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Ain Shams University, Physics Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nihal Simsek Ozek
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Ataturk University, Department of Biology, Erzurum, Turkey
- Ataturk University, East Anatolian High Technology Research and Application Center (DAYTAM), Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Salih Emri
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
- Altinbas University, Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Koksal
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mete Severcan
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feride Severcan
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Altinbas University, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Altinbas University, Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Paraskevaidi M, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. Progress and Challenges in the Diagnosis of Dementia: A Critical Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:446-461. [PMID: 29390184 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Longer life expectancies have led to an increased number of neurodegenerative disease cases globally. Accurate diagnosis of this devastating disorder is of crucial importance but is still feasible only by a brain biopsy after death. An enormous amount of attention and research has been in place over the years toward the better understanding of the mechanisms, as well as the early diagnosis, of neurodegeneration. However, numerous studies have been contradictory from time to time, while new diagnostic methods are constantly developed in a tireless effort to tackle the disease. Nonetheless, there is not yet a conclusive report covering a broader range of techniques for the diagnosis of different types of dementia. In this paper, we critically review current knowledge on the different hypotheses about the pathogenesis of distinct types of dementia, as well as risk factors and current diagnostic approaches in a clinical setting, including neuroimaging, cerebrospinal (CSF), and blood tests. Encouraging research results for the diagnosis and investigation of neurodegenerative disorders are also reported. Particular attention is given to the field of spectroscopy as an emerging tool to detect dementias, follow-up patients, and potentially monitor the patients' response to a therapeutic approach. Spectroscopic techniques, such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy, have facilitated numerous disease-related studies, including neurodegenerative disorders, and are currently undergoing trials for clinical implementation. This review constitutes a comprehensive report with an in-depth focus on promising imaging, molecular biomarker and spectroscopic tests in the field of dementive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paraskevaidi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdon
| | - Pierre L. Martin-Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Central Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
| | - Francis L. Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdon
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14
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Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis from cerebrospinal fluids via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1025. [PMID: 29348591 PMCID: PMC5773569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory and degenerative disease of central nervous system. Here, we aimed to develop a method for differential diagnosis of Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients, as well as to identify CIS patients who will progress to RRMS, from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Spectral analyses demonstrated significant differences in the molecular contents, especially in the lipids and Z conformation of DNA of CSF from CIS, CIS to RRMS transformed (TCIS) and RRMS groups. These changes enables the discrimination of diseased groups and controls (individuals with no neurological disease) from each other using hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis. Some CIS samples were consistently clustered in RRMS class, which may indicate that these CIS patients potentially will transform to RRMS over time. Z-DNA band at 795 cm−1 that is existent only in diseased groups and significant increase in carbonyl amount, decrease in amideI/amide II and lipid/protein ratios observed only for RRMS groups can be used as diagnostic biomarkers. The results of the present study shed light on the early diagnosis of RRMS by IR spectroscopy complemented with multivariate analysis tools.
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15
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Le Corvec M, Jezequel C, Monbet V, Fatih N, Charpentier F, Tariel H, Boussard-Plédel C, Bureau B, Loréal O, Sire O, Bardou-Jacquet E. Mid-infrared spectroscopy of serum, a promising non-invasive method to assess prognosis in patients with ascites and cirrhosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185997. [PMID: 29020046 PMCID: PMC5636102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Prognostic tests are critical in the management of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Biological tests or scores perform poorly in that situation. Mid-infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy (MIR-FEWS) which allows for global serum metabolic profiling may provide more relevant information by measuring a wider range of metabolic parameters in serum. Here we present the accuracy of a MIR-FEWS based predictive model for the prognosis of 6 months survival in patients with ascites and cirrhosis. Methods Patients with ascites were prospectively included and followed up for 6 months. MIR-FEWS spectra were measured in serum samples. The most informative spectral variables obtained by MIR-FEWS were selected by FADA algorithm and then used to build the MIR model. Accuracy of this model was assessed by ROC curves and 90%/10% Monte Carlo cross-validation. MIR model accuracy for 6 months survival was compared to that of the Child-Pugh and MELD scores. Results 119 patients were included. The mean age was 57.36±13.70, the MELD score was 16.32±6.26, and the Child-Pugh score was 9.5±1.83. During follow-up, 23 patients died (20%). The MIR model had an AUROC for 6 months mortality of 0.90 (CI95: 0.88–0.91), the MELD 0.77 (CI95: 0.66–0.89) and Child-Pugh 0.76 (CI95: 0.66–0.88). MELD and Child-Pugh AUROCs were significantly lower than that of the MIR model (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02 respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MELD (p<0.05, OR:0.86;CI95:0.76–0.97), Beta blockers (p = 0.036;OR:0.20;CI95:0.04–0.90), and the MIR model (p<0.001; OR:0.50; CI95:0.37–0.66), were significantly associated with 6 months mortality. Conclusions In this pilot study MIR-FEWS more accurately assess the 6-month prognosis of patients with ascites and cirrhosis than the MELD or Child-Pugh scores. These promising results, if confirmed by a larger study, suggest that mid infrared spectroscopy could be helpful in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëna Le Corvec
- University Bretagne Sud, IRDL, FRE CNRS 3744, Vannes, France
- DIAFIR, Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Jezequel
- CHU Rennes, Liver disease unit, Rennes, France
- Equipe Verres et Céramiques, UMR CNRS 6226 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Monbet
- IRMAR Mathematics Research Institute of Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6625, Rennes, France
- INRIA/ASPI, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Boussard-Plédel
- Equipe Verres et Céramiques, UMR CNRS 6226 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Bureau
- Equipe Verres et Céramiques, UMR CNRS 6226 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- INSERM U 1241, INRA1341, Institut NuMeCan, University of Rennes1, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Sire
- University Bretagne Sud, IRDL, FRE CNRS 3744, Vannes, France
| | - Edouard Bardou-Jacquet
- IRMAR Mathematics Research Institute of Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6625, Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- INSERM U 1241, INRA1341, Institut NuMeCan, University of Rennes1, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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16
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Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using spectrochemical analysis of blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7929-E7938. [PMID: 28874525 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701517114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive aging of the world's population makes a higher prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases inevitable. The necessity for an accurate, but at the same time, inexpensive and minimally invasive, diagnostic test is urgently required, not only to confirm the presence of the disease but also to discriminate between different types of dementia to provide the appropriate management and treatment. In this study, attenuated total reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques were used to analyze blood plasma samples from our cohort. Blood samples are easily collected by conventional venepuncture, permitting repeated measurements from the same individuals to monitor their progression throughout the years or evaluate any tested drugs. We included 549 individuals: 347 with various neurodegenerative diseases and 202 age-matched healthy individuals. Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 164) was identified with 70% sensitivity and specificity, which after the incorporation of apolipoprotein ε4 genotype (APOE ε4) information, increased to 86% when individuals carried one or two alleles of ε4, and to 72% sensitivity and 77% specificity when individuals did not carry ε4 alleles. Early AD cases (n = 14) were identified with 80% sensitivity and 74% specificity. Segregation of AD from dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB; n = 34) was achieved with 90% sensitivity and specificity. Other neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 30), Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 32), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; n = 31), were included in our cohort for diagnostic purposes. Our method allows for both rapid and robust diagnosis of neurodegeneration and segregation between different dementias.
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17
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Lopes J, Correia M, Martins I, Henriques AG, Delgadillo I, da Cruz E Silva O, Nunes A. FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Dementia Diagnosis Through Analysis of Biological Fluids. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:801-12. [PMID: 27079713 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, it is still difficult to perform an early and accurate diagnosis of dementia, therefore significant research has focused on finding new dementia biomarkers that can aid in this respect. There is an urgent need for non-invasive, rapid, and relatively inexpensive procedures for early diagnostics. Studies have demonstrated that of spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy could be a useful and accurate procedure to diagnose dementia. Given that several biochemical mechanisms related to neurodegeneration and dementia can lead to changes in plasma components and others peripheral body fluids; blood-based samples coupled to spectroscopic analyses can be used as a simple and less invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Lopes
- iBiMED, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia
- iBiMED, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ilka Martins
- Grupo de Neurociências e Sinalização, iBiMED, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Grupo de Neurociências e Sinalização, iBiMED, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ivonne Delgadillo
- QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete da Cruz E Silva
- Grupo de Neurociências e Sinalização, iBiMED, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- iBiMED, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Sales KC, Rosa F, Cunha BR, Sampaio PN, Lopes MB, Calado CRC. Metabolic profiling of recombinant Escherichia coli cultivations based on high-throughput FT-MIR spectroscopic analysis. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:285-298. [PMID: 27696721 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most used host microorganism for the production of recombinant products, such as heterologous proteins and plasmids. However, genetic, physiological and environmental factors influence the plasmid replication and cloned gene expression in a highly complex way. To control and optimize the recombinant expression system performance, it is very important to understand this complexity. Therefore, the development of rapid, highly sensitive and economic analytical methodologies, which enable the simultaneous characterization of the heterologous product synthesis and physiologic cell behavior under a variety of culture conditions, is highly desirable. For that, the metabolic profile of recombinant E. coli cultures producing the pVAX-lacZ plasmid model was analyzed by rapid, economic and high-throughput Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy. The main goal of the present work is to show as the simultaneous multivariate data analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) and direct spectral analysis could represent a very interesting tool to monitor E. coli culture processes and acquire relevant information according to current quality regulatory guidelines. While PCA allowed capturing the energetic metabolic state of the cell, e.g. by identifying different C-sources consumption phases, direct FT-MIR spectral analysis allowed obtaining valuable biochemical and metabolic information along the cell culture, e.g. lipids, RNA, protein synthesis and turnover metabolism. The information achieved by spectral multivariate data and direct spectral analyses complement each other and may contribute to understand the complex interrelationships between the recombinant cell metabolism and the bioprocess environment towards more economic and robust processes design according to Quality by Design framework. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:285-298, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Sales
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Filipa Rosa
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Bernardo R Cunha
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal
| | - Pedro N Sampaio
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal.,Faculty of Engineering, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technology, Campo Grande 376, Lisbon, 1749-019, Portugal
| | - Marta B Lopes
- Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, 2635-631, Portugal.,Institute of Telecommunications, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal.,ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, Lisboa, 1959-007, Portugal
| | - Cecília R C Calado
- ISEL-Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, Lisboa, 1959-007, Portugal
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19
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Mikkonen JJW, Raittila J, Rieppo L, Lappalainen R, Kullaa AM, Myllymaa S. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Saliva Analysis. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1502-10. [PMID: 27354404 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816654149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Saliva provides a valuable tool for assessing oral and systemic diseases, but concentrations of salivary components are very small, calling the need for precise analysis methods. In this work, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy using transmission and photoacoustic (PA) modes were compared for quantitative analysis of saliva. The performance of these techniques was compared with a calibration series. The linearity of spectrum output was verified by using albumin-thiocyanate (SCN(-)) solution at different SCN(-) concentrations. Saliva samples used as a comparison were obtained from healthy subjects. Saliva droplets of 15 µL were applied on the silicon sample substrate, 6 drops for each specimen, and dried at 37 ℃ overnight. The measurements were carried out using an FT-IR spectrometer in conjunction with an accessory unit for PA measurements. The findings with both transmission and PA modes mirror each other. The major bands presented were 1500-1750 cm(-1) for proteins and 1050-1200 cm(-1) for carbohydrates. In addition, the distinct spectral band at 2050 cm(-1) derives from SCN(-) anions, which is converted by salivary peroxidases to hypothiocyanate (OSCN(-)). The correlation between the spectroscopic data with SCN(-) concentration (r > 0.990 for transmission and r = 0.967 for PA mode) was found to be significant (P < 0.01), thus promising to be utilized in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jopi J W Mikkonen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Lassi Rieppo
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reijo Lappalainen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Research Group of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Educational Dental Clinic, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Myllymaa
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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20
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Liu Z, Tang Y, Chen F, Liu X, Liu Z, Zhong J, Hu J, Lü J. Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy reveals early adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells at single-cell level. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1286-91. [PMID: 27553281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been used as an ideal in vitro model to study human adipogenesis. However, little knowledge of the early stage differentiation greatly hinders our understanding on the mechanism of the adipogenesis processes. In this study, synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy was applied to track the global structural and compositional changes of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids inside individual hMSCs along the time course. The multivariate analysis of the SR-FTIR spectra distinguished the dynamic and significant changes of the lipids and nucleic acid at early differentiation stage. Importantly, changes of lipid structure during early days (Day 1-3) of differentiation might serve as a potential biomarker in identifying the state in early differentiation at single cell level. These results proved that SR-FTIR is a powerful tool to study the stem cell fate determination and early lipogenesis events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Liu
- Division of Physical Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuzhao Tang
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Canadian Light Source Inc. Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiajia Zhong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Division of Physical Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Junhong Lü
- Division of Physical Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China.
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21
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Baker MJ, Hussain SR, Lovergne L, Untereiner V, Hughes C, Lukaszewski RA, Thiéfin G, Sockalingum GD. Developing and understanding biofluid vibrational spectroscopy: a critical review. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1803-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofluid vibrational spectroscopy, a promising tool for rapid disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Baker
- WESTChem
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
| | - Shawn R. Hussain
- Equipe MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- CNRS UMR 7369-MEDyC
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51096 Reims Cedex
| | - Lila Lovergne
- WESTChem
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
| | - Valérie Untereiner
- Equipe MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- CNRS UMR 7369-MEDyC
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51096 Reims Cedex
| | - Caryn Hughes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - Gérard Thiéfin
- Equipe MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- CNRS UMR 7369-MEDyC
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51096 Reims Cedex
| | - Ganesh D. Sockalingum
- Equipe MéDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Santé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- CNRS UMR 7369-MEDyC
- UFR de Pharmacie
- 51096 Reims Cedex
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22
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Staniszewska-Slezak E, Fedorowicz A, Kramkowski K, Leszczynska A, Chlopicki S, Baranska M, Malek K. Plasma biomarkers of pulmonary hypertension identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis. Analyst 2015; 140:2273-9. [PMID: 25599976 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01864h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to find specific plasma spectral markers associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline injection in rats. FTIR was used to monitor biochemical changes in plasma caused by PAH as compared with the systemic hypertension induced by partial ligation on the left artery and with the control group. Both pathologies, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, induced a unique response in the biochemical content of plasma, mainly related to the composition and secondary structure of plasma proteins. For PAH, β-pleated sheet components of plasma proteins were identified whereas the protein composition in systemic hypertension was dominated by unordered structures. In addition, a higher concentration of tyrosine-rich proteins was found in plasma in PAH than in systemic hypertension. The differences between both pathologies were identified also in terms of lipid composition/metabolism as well as in the content of RNA and glucose, suggesting that lipid peroxidation appears upon pulmonary hypertension development. In summary, this work demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy supported by principal component analysis (PCA) has the potential to become a fast and non-destructive method for biochemical characterization of plasma that consequently could have a diagnostic significance in pulmonary hypertension.
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23
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Aksoy C, Kaya FA, Kuşkonmaz BB, Uçkan D, Severcan F. Structural investigation of donor age effect on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: FTIR spectroscopy and imaging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9691. [PMID: 25081108 PMCID: PMC4150902 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell studies hold enormous potential for development of new therapies for tissue regeneration and repair. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into a variety of non-hematopoietic tissues and contribute maintenance of healthy hematopoiesis by providing supportive cellular microenvironment into BM. Here, we investigated age-related differences in BM-MSCs by using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and FTIR imaging together with hierarchical clustering as a novel methods to clarify global alterations in the structure and function of macromolecules in characterized BM-MSCs of different aged donors. The results may contribute to identification of age-related new molecular marker(s) to determine the effects of donor age on MSCs. The spectral results reflected that there were significant increases in the concentration of saturated lipids, proteins, glycogen, and nucleic acids in children and adolescent group BM-MSCs when compared to the infants and early and mid adults. The concentration of mentioned macromolecules in adult (early and mid) BM-MSCs were significantly lower than the concentrations in the children and adolescents. These results were attributed to the increase in the proliferation activity in younger BM-MSCs. The distribution of macromolecules into the cells was shown as in the form of chemical maps by FTIR imaging, and the results are in agreement with the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy results. The cellular activity degree was determined by the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation assay to support ATR-FTIR spectroscopy results. BM-MSCs of five different age groups were discriminated by making the hierarchical cluster analysis where the spectral data according to alterations in structure and composition of macromolecules were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Aksoy
- />Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatima Aerts Kaya
- />Pedi-Stem Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Barış Kuşkonmaz
- />Divison of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uçkan
- />Pedi-Stem Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
- />Divison of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feride Severcan
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Galli R, Uckermann O, Winterhalder MJ, Sitoci-Ficici KH, Geiger KD, Koch E, Schackert G, Zumbusch A, Steiner G, Kirsch M. Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging and Multiphoton Microscopy of Spinal Cord Injury. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8707-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301938m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin J. Winterhalder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, D-78464
Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Zumbusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, D-78464
Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kirsch
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence, Fetscherstrasse 105, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Aksoy C, Guliyev A, Kilic E, Uckan D, Severcan F. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in patients with beta thalassemia major: molecular analysis with attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study as a novel method. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2000-11. [PMID: 22214206 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are the main cellular components of the bone marrow, providing a supportive cellular microenvironment to maintain healthy hematopoiesis. β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is characterized by anemia that is caused by a genetic defect in hemoglobin synthesis and results in ineffective erythropoiesis (IE). The alterations in the microenvironment in thalassemic bone marrow during IE can cause changes in BM-MSCs. This study aimed to investigate global structural and compositional changes in BM-MSCs in β-TM that may provide a basis in understanding interactions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)-MSCs in such a pathological bone marrow microenvironment. Following characterization of morphological, immunophenotypical, and differentiation properties, the changes in healthy and thalassemic BM-MSCs before and after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were examined by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The significant increase in lipid, protein, glycogen, and nucleic acid contents in thalassemic BM-MSCs with respect to healthy BM-MSCs was attributed to enhanced cell proliferation and BM activity during IE. The significant decreases in the content of mentioned macromolecules in post-transplant group BM-MSCs versus pre-transplant BM-MSCs was interpreted as restoring effect of BMT therapy on IE and defective BM microenvironment. These alterations were also supported by ELISA results of erythropoietin (EPO) and growth differentiation factor (GDF15) in bone marrow plasma samples as a reflection of IE and by MTT proliferation assay on BM-MSCs. Based on these changes, sampling groups were discriminated by cluster analysis. These results provide information for the studies that concentrate on interactions between HSCs-MSCs in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Aksoy
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Schipper HM. Biological markers and Alzheimer disease: a canadian perspective. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20811568 PMCID: PMC2929634 DOI: 10.4061/2010/978182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased β-amyloid1-42 and increased phospho-tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are currently the most accurate chemical neurodiagnostics of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD). A report (2007) of the Third Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (2006) recommended that biological markers should not be currently requisitioned by primary care physicians in the routine investigation of subjects with memory complaints. Consideration for such testing should prompt patient referral to a specialist engaged in dementia evaluations or a Memory Clinic. The specialist should consider having CSF biomarkers (β-amyloid1-42 and phospho-tau) measured at a reputable facility in restricted cases presenting with atypical features and diagnostic confusion, but not as a routine procedure in all individuals with typical sporadic AD phenotypes. We submit that developments in the field of AD biomarker discovery since publication of the 3rd CCCDTD consensus data do not warrant revision of the 2007 recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyman M Schipper
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Neurotranslational Research, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote St. Catherine Rd. Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2
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27
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Scott DA, Renaud DE, Krishnasamy S, Meriç P, Buduneli N, Çetinkalp Ş, Liu KZ. Diabetes-related molecular signatures in infrared spectra of human saliva. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:48. [PMID: 20630088 PMCID: PMC2914662 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an ongoing need for improvements in non-invasive, point-of-care tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes mellitus. Ideally, such technologies would allow for community screening. METHODS In this study, we employed infrared spectroscopy as a novel diagnostic tool in the prediction of diabetic status by analyzing the molecular and sub-molecular spectral signatures of saliva collected from subjects with diabetes (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 22). RESULTS Spectral analysis revealed differences in several major metabolic components - lipid, proteins, glucose, thiocyanate and carboxylate - that clearly demarcate healthy and diseased saliva. The overall accuracy for the diagnosis of diabetes based on infrared spectroscopy was 100% on the training set and 88.2% on the validation set. Therefore, we have established that infrared spectroscopy can be used to generate complex biochemical profiles in saliva and identify several potential diabetes-associated spectral features. CONCLUSIONS Infrared spectroscopy may represent an appropriate tool with which to identify novel diseases mechanisms, risk factors for diabetic complications and markers of therapeutic efficacy. Further study into the potential utility of infrared spectroscopy as diagnostic and prognostic tool for diabetes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Scott
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, S Preston St, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, S Preston St, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, S Preston St, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Diane E Renaud
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, S Preston St, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Sathya Krishnasamy
- Endocrinology, University of Louisville, Louisville, S Jackson St, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Pinar Meriç
- Department of Periodontology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Şvetki Çetinkalp
- Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Kan-Zhi Liu
- Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council, Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada
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