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Jin X, Xu W, Wu Q, Huang C, Song Y, Lian J. Detecting early-warning biomarkers associated with heart-exosome genetic-signature for acute myocardial infarction: A source-tracking study of exosome. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18334. [PMID: 38661439 PMCID: PMC11044819 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic information of plasma total-exosomes originating from tissues have already proven useful to assess the severity of coronary artery diseases (CAD). However, plasma total-exosomes include multiple sub-populations secreted by various tissues. Only analysing the genetic information of plasma total-exosomes is perturbed by exosomes derived from other organs except the heart. We aim to detect early-warning biomarkers associated with heart-exosome genetic-signatures for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by a source-tracking analysis of plasma exosome. The source-tracking of AMI plasma total-exosomes was implemented by deconvolution algorithm. The final early-warning biomarkers associated with heart-exosome genetic-signatures for AMI was identified by integration with single-cell sequencing, weighted gene correction network and machine learning analyses. The correlation between biomarkers and clinical indicators was validated in impatient cohort. A nomogram was generated using early-warning biomarkers for predicting the CAD progression. The molecular subtypes landscape of AMI was detected by consensus clustering. A higher fraction of exosomes derived from spleen and blood cells was revealed in plasma exosomes, while a lower fraction of heart-exosomes was detected. The gene ontology revealed that heart-exosomes genetic-signatures was associated with the heart development, cardiac function and cardiac response to stress. We ultimately identified three genes associated with heart-exosomes defining early-warning biomarkers for AMI. The early-warning biomarkers mediated molecular clusters presented heterogeneous metabolism preference in AMI. Our study introduced three early-warning biomarkers associated with heart-exosome genetic-signatures, which reflected the genetic information of heart-exosomes carrying AMI signals and provided new insights for exosomes research in CAD progression and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Jin
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Weifeng Xu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Qiaoping Wu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of GeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yongfei Song
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo UniversityHealth Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
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2
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Abstract
Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often straddle the divide between life and death. Understanding the complex underlying pathomechanisms relevant to such situations may help intensivists select broadly acting treatment options that can improve the outcome for these patients. As one of the most important defense mechanisms of the innate immune system, the complement system plays a crucial role in a diverse spectrum of diseases that can necessitate ICU admission. Among others, myocardial infarction, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ failure, and sepsis are characterized by an inadequate complement response, which can potentially be addressed via promising intervention options. Often, ICU monitoring and existing treatment options rely on massive intervention strategies to maintain the function of vital organs, and these approaches can further contribute to an unbalanced complement response. Artificial surfaces of extracorporeal organ support devices, transfusion of blood products, and the application of anticoagulants can all trigger or amplify undesired complement activation. It is, therefore, worth pursuing the evaluation of complement inhibition strategies in the setting of ICU treatment. Recently, clinical studies in COVID-19-related ARDS have shown promising effects of central inhibition at the level of C3 and paved the way for prospective investigation of this approach. In this review, we highlight the fundamental and often neglected role of complement in the ICU, with a special focus on targeted complement inhibition. We will also consider complement substitution therapies to temporarily counteract a disease/treatment-related complement consumption.
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3
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Lv X, Sun Y, Tan W, Liu Y, Wen N, Fu S, Yu L, Liu T, Qi X, Shu N, Du Y, Zhang W, Meng Y. NONMMUT140591.1 may serve as a ceRNA to regulate Gata5 in UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1240-1251. [PMID: 34901457 PMCID: PMC8627919 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We intended to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac conduction block inducted by urea transporter (UT)-B deletion at the transcriptome level. The heart tissues were harvested from UT-B null mice and age-matched wild-type mice for lncRNA sequencing analysis. Based on the sequencing data, the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and lncRNAs (DELs) between UT-B knockout and control groups were identified, followed by function analysis and mRNA-lncRNA co-expression analysis. The miRNAs were predicted, and then the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed. UT-B deletion results in the aberrant expression of 588 lncRNAs and 194 mRNAs. These DEMs were significantly enriched in the inflammation-related pathway. A lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and a ceRNA network were constructed on the basis of the DEMs and DELs. The complement 7 (C7)-NONMMUT137216.1 co-expression pair had the highest correlation coefficient in the co-expression network. NONMMUT140591.1 had the highest degree in the ceRNA network and was involved in the ceRNA of NONMMUT140591.1-mmu-miR-298-5p-Gata5 (GATA binding protein 5). UT-B deletion may promote cardiac conduction block via inflammatory process. The ceRNA NONMMUT140591.1-mmu-miR-298-5p-Gata5 may be a potential molecular mechanism of UT-B knockout-induced cardiac conduction block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Pathophysiology, Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Road, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Wenxi Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Pathophysiology, Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Road, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Pathophysiology, Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Road, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
| | - Naiyan Wen
- Department of Nursing, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Lanying Yu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Xiaocui Qi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Nanqi Shu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Yanwei Du
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Prescriptions, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Pathophysiology, Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Road, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041 Jilin, China
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4
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Abstract
Cardiac injury remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances, a full understanding of why the heart fails to fully recover function after acute injury, and why progressive heart failure frequently ensues, remains elusive. No therapeutics, short of heart transplantation, have emerged to reliably halt or reverse the inexorable progression of heart failure in the majority of patients once it has become clinically evident. To date, most pharmacological interventions have focused on modifying hemodynamics (reducing afterload, controlling blood pressure and blood volume) or on modifying cardiac myocyte function. However, important contributions of the immune system to normal cardiac function and the response to injury have recently emerged as exciting areas of investigation. Therapeutic interventions aimed at harnessing the power of immune cells hold promise for new treatment avenues for cardiac disease. Here, we review the immune response to heart injury, its contribution to cardiac fibrosis, and the potential of immune modifying therapies to affect cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G Rurik
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Haig Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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5
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Rodríguez-Rivera C, Garcia MM, Molina-Álvarez M, González-Martín C, Goicoechea C. Clusterin: Always protecting. Synthesis, function and potential issues. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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de Boer ECW, van Mourik AG, Jongerius I. Therapeutic Lessons to be Learned From the Role of Complement Regulators as Double-Edged Sword in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578069. [PMID: 33362763 PMCID: PMC7758290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system, providing a strong defense against pathogens and removing apoptotic cells and immune complexes. Due to its strength, it is important that healthy human cells are protected against damage induced by the complement system. To be protected from complement, each cell type relies on a specific combination of both soluble and membrane-bound regulators. Their importance is indicated by the amount of pathologies associated with abnormalities in these complement regulators. Here, we will discuss the current knowledge on complement regulatory protein polymorphisms and expression levels together with their link to disease. These diseases often result in red blood cell destruction or occur in the eye, kidney or brain, which are tissues known for aberrant complement activity or regulation. In addition, complement regulators have also been associated with different types of cancer, although their mechanisms here have not been elucidated yet. In most of these pathologies, treatments are limited and do not prevent the complement system from attacking host cells, but rather fight the consequences of the complement-mediated damage, using for example blood transfusions in anemic patients. Currently only few drugs targeting the complement system are used in the clinic. With further demand for therapeutics rising linked to the wide range of complement-mediated disease we should broaden our horizon towards treatments that can actually protect the host cells against complement. Here, we will discuss the latest insights on how complement regulators can benefit therapeutics. Such therapeutics are currently being developed extensively, and can be categorized into full-length complement regulators, engineered complement system regulators and antibodies targeting complement regulators. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the complement regulatory proteins and their links to disease, together with their potential in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C W de Boer
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk G van Mourik
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Lock MC, Tellam RL, Darby JRT, Soo JY, Brooks DA, Macgowan CK, Selvanayagam JB, Porrello ER, Seed M, Keller-Wood M, Morrison JL. Differential gene responses 3 days following infarction in the fetal and adolescent sheep heart. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:143-159. [PMID: 31961761 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00092.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There are critical molecular mechanisms that can be activated to induce myocardial repair, and in humans this is most efficient during fetal development. The timing of heart development in relation to birth and the size/electrophysiology of the heart are similar in humans and sheep, providing a model to investigate the repair capacity of the mammalian heart and how this can be applied to adult heart repair. Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in fetal (105 days gestation when cardiomyocytes are proliferative) and adolescent sheep (6 mo of age when all cardiomyocytes have switched to an adult phenotype). An ovine gene microarray was used to compare gene expression in sham and infarcted (remote, border and infarct areas) cardiac tissue from fetal and adolescent hearts. The gene response to myocardial infarction was less pronounced in fetal compared with adolescent sheep hearts and there were unique gene responses at each age. There were also region-specific changes in gene expression between each age, in the infarct tissue, tissue bordering the infarct, and tissue remote from the infarction. In total, there were 880 genes that responded to MI uniquely in the adolescent samples compared with 170 genes in the fetal response, as well as 742 overlap genes that showed concordant direction of change responses to infarction at both ages. In response to myocardial infarction, there were specific changes in genes within pathways of mitochondrial oxidation, muscle contraction, and hematopoietic cell lineages, suggesting that the control of energy utilization and immune function are critical for effective heart repair. The more restricted gene response in the fetus may be an important factor in its enhanced capacity for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross L Tellam
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Joseph B Selvanayagam
- Cardiac Imaging Research Group, Department of Heart Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, and Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Cardiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Role of complement in diabetes. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:270-277. [PMID: 31400630 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the complement system in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the vascular complications that characterise this condition. Complement proteins contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by enhancing the underlying organ-specific autoimmune processes. Complement upregulation and activation is also an important feature of insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, animal and human studies indicate that complement proteins are involved in the pathogenic mechanisms leading to diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications. The adverse vascular effects of complement appear to be related to enhancement of the inflammatory process and the predisposition to a thrombotic environment, eventually leading to vascular occlusion. Complement proteins have been considered as therapeutic targets to prevent or treat vascular disease but studies have been mainly conducted in animal models, while human work has been both limited and inconclusive so far. Further studies are needed to understand the potential role of complement proteins as therapeutic targets for reversal of the pathological processes leading to T1D and T2D and for the prevention/treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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9
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Farbehi N, Patrick R, Dorison A, Xaymardan M, Janbandhu V, Wystub-Lis K, Ho JW, Nordon RE, Harvey RP. Single-cell expression profiling reveals dynamic flux of cardiac stromal, vascular and immune cells in health and injury. eLife 2019; 8:43882. [PMID: 30912746 PMCID: PMC6459677 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides cardiomyocytes (CM), the heart contains numerous interstitial cell types which play key roles in heart repair, regeneration and disease, including fibroblast, vascular and immune cells. However, a comprehensive understanding of this interactive cell community is lacking. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of the total non-CM fraction and enriched (Pdgfra-GFP+) fibroblast lineage cells from murine hearts at days 3 and 7 post-sham or myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. Clustering of >30,000 single cells identified >30 populations representing nine cell lineages, including a previously undescribed fibroblast lineage trajectory present in both sham and MI hearts leading to a uniquely activated cell state defined in part by a strong anti-WNT transcriptome signature. We also uncovered novel myofibroblast subtypes expressing either pro-fibrotic or anti-fibrotic signatures. Our data highlight non-linear dynamics in myeloid and fibroblast lineages after cardiac injury, and provide an entry point for deeper analysis of cardiac homeostasis, inflammation, fibrosis, repair and regeneration. In our bodies, heart attacks lead to cell death and inflammation. This is then followed by a healing phase where the organ repairs itself. There are many types of heart cells, from muscle and pacemaker cells that help to create the beating motion, to so-called fibroblasts that act as a supporting network. Yet, it is still unclear how individual cells participate in the heart's response to injury. All cells possess the same genetic information, but they turn on or off different genes depending on the specific tasks that they need to perform. Spotting which genes are activated in individual cells can therefore provide clues about their exact roles in the body. Until recently, technological limitations meant that this information was difficult to access, because it was only possible to capture the global response of a group of cells in a sample. A new method called single-cell RNA sequencing is now allowing researchers to study the activities of many genes in thousands of individual cells at the same time. Here, Farbehi, Patrick et al. performed single-cell RNA sequencing on over 30,000 individual cells from healthy and injured mouse hearts. Computational approaches were then used to cluster cells into groups according to the activities of their genes. The experiments identified over 30 distinct sub-types of cell, including several that were previously unknown. For example, a group of fibroblasts that express a gene called Wif1 was discovered. Previous genetic studies have shown that Wif1 is essential for the heart's response to injury. Further experiments by Farbehi, Patrick et al. indicated that this new sub-type of cells may control the timing of the different aspects of heart repair after damage. Tens of millions of people around the world suffer from heart attacks and other heart diseases. Knowing how different types of heart cells participate in repair mechanisms may help to find new targets for drugs and other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nona Farbehi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Ralph Patrick
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Aude Dorison
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Munira Xaymardan
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | | | - Joshua Wk Ho
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Robert E Nordon
- Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
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10
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Complement activation in acute myocardial infarction: An early marker of inflammation and tissue injury? Immunol Lett 2018; 200:18-25. [PMID: 29908956 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a potentially fatal condition, being a major cause of death worldwide. Ischemia suffered during AMI causes tissue damage, leading to an inflammatory process. Moreover, myocardial injury can generate damage-associated molecular patterns that activate pattern recognition molecules including some complement proteins. METHODS Here we investigated products of complement activation, C3d and soluble C5b9 (sC5b9), as potential biomarkers for myocardial injury and inflammation, as well as serum cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and classical markers of myocardial necrosis (creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isoform, myoglobin and troponin-I) in a longitudinal study of patients with AMI (from admission, 6 h and 12 h post admission, and at discharge from hospital). Individuals undergoing cardiac catheterization (CC) with normal coronary arteries and asymptomatics with no history of cardiovascular disease or invasive procedures were included as controls. RESULTS Plasma C3d was higher in AMI at admission, 6 h, 12 h, and discharge vs CC (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0061; p = 0.0081; p = 0.044) and asymptomatic (p = 0.0001 for admission, 6 h and 12 h; p = 0.0002 for discharge). Moreover, sC5b9 was higher only at admission and 6 h vs asymptomatic (p = 0.0031 and p = 0.0019). Additionally, AGP levels were elevated at admission, 6 h, 12 h, and discharge vs asymptomatic (p = 0.0003; p = 0.0289; p = 0.0009, p = 0.0017). IL-6 concentration was low at admission and 6 h and reached a peak at 12 h (p < 0.0001 for all groups). All classical markers of myocardial necrosis presented higher concentration at 6 h. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that complement activation is an early event in AMI occurring before the elevation of classical markers of myocardial necrosis such as creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isoform, myoglobin and troponin-I. These findings indicated C3d and sC5b9 as possible biomarkers for inflammation and tissue damage in AMI.
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11
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Wang X, Liu AH, Jia ZW, Pu K, Chen KY, Guo H. Evaluation of expression levels and mechanism of complement activation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2493-2496. [PMID: 28962185 PMCID: PMC5609295 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to reveal the expression changes of complement system activation and complement activation product C3a receptor during acute myocardial infarction. Blood samples were collected from healthy individuals and from patients with coronary artery stenosis or acute myocardial infarction. The subjects received physical examination in hospital between January and July 2015 (n=5). Cytometric bead array was performed to measure the levels of complement system activation product anaphylatoxin C3a, C4a and C5a. Immunohistochemical investigations were performed in tissues of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting between January and July 2015 to detect the expression of C3a receptor. The results of cytometric bead array showed that the content of complement activation products C3a, C4a and C5a in the plasma of patients with coronary artery stenosis and acute myocardial infarction were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The results of immunoblotting suggested that the protein expression of C3a receptor in infarct tissues of patients with acute myocardial infarction was significantly higher than that of normal tissues adjacent to the infarcted area (P<0.05). There is complement system activation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Additionally, the increase in the expression of complement C3a receptor in tissues of infarct area suggested that C3a-C3a receptor signaling pathway may be involved in the development of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The 254th Hospital of PLA, Tianjin 300142, P.R. China
| | - An-Heng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Wei Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 254th Hospital of PLA, Tianjin 300142, P.R. China
| | - Kui Pu
- Department of Cardiology, The 254th Hospital of PLA, Tianjin 300142, P.R. China
| | - Kang-Yin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Tianjing Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The 254th Hospital of PLA, Tianjin 300142, P.R. China
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12
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Trouw LA, Pickering MC, Blom AM. The complement system as a potential therapeutic target in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:538-547. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Pischke SE, Gustavsen A, Orrem HL, Egge KH, Courivaud F, Fontenelle H, Despont A, Bongoni AK, Rieben R, Tønnessen TI, Nunn MA, Scott H, Skulstad H, Barratt-Due A, Mollnes TE. Complement factor 5 blockade reduces porcine myocardial infarction size and improves immediate cardiac function. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:20. [PMID: 28258298 PMCID: PMC5336537 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of complement factor 5 (C5) reduced myocardial infarction in animal studies, while no benefit was found in clinical studies. Due to lack of cross-reactivity of clinically used C5 antibodies, different inhibitors were used in animal and clinical studies. Coversin (Ornithodoros moubata complement inhibitor, OmCI) blocks C5 cleavage and binds leukotriene B4 in humans and pigs. We hypothesized that inhibition of C5 before reperfusion will decrease infarct size and improve ventricular function in a porcine model of myocardial infarction. In pigs (Sus scrofa), the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded (40 min) and reperfused (240 min). Coversin or placebo was infused 20 min after occlusion and throughout reperfusion in 16 blindly randomized pigs. Coversin significantly reduced myocardial infarction in the area at risk by 39% (p = 0.03, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining) and by 19% (p = 0.02) using magnetic resonance imaging. The methods correlated significantly (R = 0.92, p < 0.01). Tissue Doppler echocardiography showed increased systolic displacement (31%, p < 0.01) and increased systolic velocity (29%, p = 0.01) in coversin treated pigs. Interleukin-1β in myocardial microdialysis fluid was significantly reduced (31%, p < 0.05) and tissue E-selectin expression was significantly reduced (p = 0.01) in the non-infarcted area at risk by coversin treatment. Coversin ablated plasma C5 activation throughout the reperfusion period and decreased myocardial C5b-9 deposition, while neither plasma nor myocardial LTB4 were significantly reduced. Coversin substantially reduced the size of infarction, improved ventricular function, and attenuated interleukin-1β and E-selectin in this porcine model by inhibiting C5. We conclude that inhibition of C5 in myocardial infarction should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren E Pischke
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P.b. 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
- K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - A Gustavsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P.b. 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H L Orrem
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P.b. 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K H Egge
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P.b. 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - F Courivaud
- Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Fontenelle
- Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Despont
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A K Bongoni
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Rieben
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T I Tønnessen
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M A Nunn
- Akari Therapeutics Plc, London, UK
| | - H Scott
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Skulstad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Barratt-Due
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P.b. 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P.b. 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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