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Romero LE, Binder LC, Marcili A, Labruna MB. Ticks and tick-borne rickettsiae from dogs in El Salvador, with report of the human pathogen Rickettsia parkeri. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102206. [PMID: 37245252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Twelve tick species have been reported in El Salvador; however, information regarding ticks infesting domestic dogs is lacking, and pathogenic tick-borne Rickettsia species have never been reported in El Salvador. This work evaluated ticks infesting 230 dogs from ten municipalities in El Salvador from July 2019 to August 2020. A total of 1,264 ticks were collected and identified into five species: Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), Rhipicephalus microplus, Amblyomma mixtum, Amblyomma ovale, and Amblyoma cf. parvum. The tick R. sanguineus s.l. was the most frequent species in all localities (81.3% of sampled dogs), followed by Amblyomma mixtum (13.0%), Amblyomma ovale (10.9%) and Amblyomma cf. parvum (10.4%). The overall mean intensity of tick infestation was 5.5 ticks/dog. The highest specific mean intensity value was for R. sanguineus s.l. (4.8 ticks/dog), varying from 1.6 to 2.7 ticks/dog for the three Amblyomma species. From a random sample of 288 tick specimens tested molecularly for the presence of rickettsial agents, three spotted fever group Rickettsia were detected: Rickettsia amblyommatis in 90% (36/40) A. mixtum, 46% (11/24) A. cf. parvum, 4% (7/186) R. sanguineus s.l., and 17% Amblyomma spp.; Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest in 4% (1/25) A. ovale; and an unnamed rickettsia agent, designated as 'Rickettsia sp. ES-A.cf.parvum', in 4% (1/24) A. cf. parvum. Our finding of R. parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest in A. ovale is highly relevant because this agent has been associated to spotted fever illness in other Latin American countries, where A. ovale is implicated as its main vector. These findings suggest that spotted fever cases caused by R. parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest could be occurring in El Salvador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Romero
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador; Escuela de Posgrado y Educación Continua, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador.
| | - Lina C Binder
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arlei Marcili
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Saúde Única, Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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2
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Epidemiological Survey on Tick-Borne Pathogens with Zoonotic Potential in Dog Populations of Southern Ethiopia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8020102. [PMID: 36828518 PMCID: PMC9962431 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs are known to host several tick-borne pathogens with zoonotic potential; however, scant information is available on the epidemiology of these pathogens in low-income tropical countries and in particular in sub-Saharan Africa. With the aim of investigating a wide range of tick-borne pathogens (i.e., Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Erhlichia spp., Borrelia spp., Hepatozoon spp. and Babesia spp.), 273 blood samples were collected from dogs in selected districts of Ethiopia and analyzed by real-time and/or end-point PCR. The results of the study showed that Hepatozoon canis was the most prevalent pathogen (53.8%), followed by Anaplasma phagocythophilum (7.0%), Babesia canis rossi (3.3%), Ehrlichia canis (2.6%) and Anaplasma platys (2.2%). Furthermore, five samples tested positive for Borrelia spp., identified as Borrelia afzelii (n = 3) and Borrelia burgdorferi (n = 2), and two samples for Rickettsia spp., identified as Rickettsia conorii (n = 1) and Rickettsia monacensis (n = 1). The finding of Anaplasma phagocythophilum and different species of the genera Borrelia and Rickettsia with zoonotic potential was unexpected and alarming, and calls for further investigation on the roles of dogs and on the tick, species acting as vector in this specific context. Other pathogens (Hepatozoon canis, Babaesia canis rossi, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis) are already known to have an important impact on the dogs' health but have minor zoonotic potential as they were rarely or never reported in humans. Dogs from rural areas were found to be at higher risk for different pathogens, probably due to the presence of other wild canids in the same environment. The findings of the present study contribute to a better knowledge of the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens, which is relevant to human and animal health.
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Zobba R, Murgia C, Dahmani M, Mediannikov O, Davoust B, Piredda R, Schianchi E, Scagliarini A, Pittau M, Alberti A. Emergence of Anaplasma Species Related to A. phagocytophilum and A. platys in Senegal. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010035. [PMID: 36613478 PMCID: PMC9820347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Anaplasma (Anaplasmataceae, Rickettsiales) includes tick-transmitted bacterial species of importance to both veterinary and human medicine. Apart from the traditionally recognized six Anaplasma species (A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. centrale, A. marginale), novel strains and candidate species, also of relevance to veterinary and human medicine, are emerging worldwide. Although species related to the zoonotic A. platys and A. phagocytophilum have been reported in several African and European Mediterranean countries, data on the presence of these species in sub-Saharan countries are still lacking. This manuscript reports the investigation of Anaplasma strains related to zoonotic species in ruminants in Senegal by combining different molecular tests and phylogenetic approaches. The results demonstrated a recent introduction of Candidatus (Ca) Anaplasma turritanum, a species related to the pathogenic A. platys, possibly originating by founder effect. Further, novel undetected strains related to Candidatus (Ca) Anaplasma cinensis were detected in cattle. Based on groEL and gltA molecular comparisons, we propose including these latter strains into the Candidatus (Ca) Anaplasma africanum species. Finally, we also report the emergence of Candidatus (Ca) A. boleense in Senegal. Collectively, results confirm that Anaplasma species diversity is greater than expected and should be further investigated, and that Anaplasma routine diagnostic procedures and epidemiological surveillance should take into account specificity issues raised by the presence of these novel strains, suggesting the use of a One Health approach for the management of Anaplasmataceae in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Zobba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio Murgia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mustapha Dahmani
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 13001 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 13001 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 13001 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Roberta Piredda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Schianchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-320-922-5647
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4
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Polsomboon Nelson S, Bourke BP, Badr R, Tarpey J, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Leiva D, Pott M, Cruz A, Chao CC, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Jiang L, Jiang J, Farris CM, Linton YM. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Associated Pathoge Collected From Domestic Animals and Vegetation in Stann Creek District, Southeastern Belize, Central America. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1749-1755. [PMID: 35904108 PMCID: PMC9473654 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Data on the prevalence and distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Belize are lacking. Ticks (n = 564) collected from dogs, horses, and vegetation in two villages in Stann Creek District in southeastern Belize in 2018, were molecularly identified and screened for tick-borne nonviral human pathogens. The identity of 417 ticks was molecularly confirmed by DNA barcoding as Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (66.43%), Amblyomma ovale Koch (15.59%), Dermacentor nitens Neumann (11.51%), Amblyomma sp. ADB0528 (3.6%), and the remainder being small records (2.87%) of Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, Amblyomma imitator Kohls, Amblyomma tapirellum Dunn, Amblyomma auricularium Conil, and Amblyomma maculatum Koch. Individual tick extracts were screened for the presence of Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Babesia microti, Borrelia spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Anaplasma spp. using available conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic Rainforest was identified in five specimens of A. ovale, and one other unidentified tick, all collected from dogs. Another unidentified tick-also collected from a dog-tested positive for an undefined but previously detected Ehrlichia sp. With the exception of D. nitens, all eight other tick species identified in this study were collected on dogs, suggesting that dogs could be usefully employed as sentinel animals for tick surveillance in Belize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppaluck Polsomboon Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Brian P Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, uitland, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Donovan Leiva
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District, Belize
| | - Marie Pott
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District, Belize
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District, Belize
| | - Chien-Chung Chao
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Le Jiang
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ju Jiang
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina M Farris
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), One Health Branch, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Ortiz DI, Piche-Ovares M, Romero-Vega LM, Wagman J, Troyo A. The Impact of Deforestation, Urbanization, and Changing Land Use Patterns on the Ecology of Mosquito and Tick-Borne Diseases in Central America. INSECTS 2021; 13:20. [PMID: 35055864 PMCID: PMC8781098 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Central America is a unique geographical region that connects North and South America, enclosed by the Caribbean Sea to the East, and the Pacific Ocean to the West. This region, encompassing Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, and Nicaragua, is highly vulnerable to the emergence or resurgence of mosquito-borne and tick-borne diseases due to a combination of key ecological and socioeconomic determinants acting together, often in a synergistic fashion. Of particular interest are the effects of land use changes, such as deforestation-driven urbanization and forest degradation, on the incidence and prevalence of these diseases, which are not well understood. In recent years, parts of Central America have experienced social and economic improvements; however, the region still faces major challenges in developing effective strategies and significant investments in public health infrastructure to prevent and control these diseases. In this article, we review the current knowledge and potential impacts of deforestation, urbanization, and other land use changes on mosquito-borne and tick-borne disease transmission in Central America and how these anthropogenic drivers could affect the risk for disease emergence and resurgence in the region. These issues are addressed in the context of other interconnected environmental and social challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Ortiz
- Biology Program, Westminster College, New Wilmington, PA 16172, USA
| | - Marta Piche-Ovares
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica;
- Departamento de Virología, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
| | - Luis M. Romero-Vega
- Departamento de Patología, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica;
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores (LIVe), Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica;
| | - Joseph Wagman
- Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Program, Center for Malaria Control and Elimination, PATH, Washington, DC 20001, USA;
| | - Adriana Troyo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vectores (LIVe), Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica;
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
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6
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Zobba R, Schianchi E, Ben Said M, Belkahia H, Messadi L, Piredda R, Pittau M, Alberti A. gltA typing of Anaplasma strains related to A. platys: Taxonomical and one health implications. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 13:101850. [PMID: 34656046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Species belonging to the genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales) include bacteria of veterinary and public health importance. Beside the zoonotic Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, the etiological agent of canine cyclic thrombocytopenia, has been sporadically reported in clinically ill human patients. The ongoing emergence of novel strains related to this species in vertebrate hosts emphasises the need for genetic comparisons among strains identified in different regions of the world. In this paper we developed a PCR test suitable for amplification of the still undescribed gltA gene of Anaplasma strains related to A. platys from Mediterranean ruminants and applied on a panel of 248 samples. gltA sequencing allowed phylogenetic comparison with strains related to A. platys recently identified in China, and strains representative of the Anaplasmataceae family. Results suggest the designation of Candidatus A. turritanum, including Mediterranean A. platys - like strains, and Candidatus A. cinensis, including strains isolated in China. Data generated in this study are a solid reference for future epidemiological studies of novel unclassified strains related to A. platys and for their diagnosis and raise concern on their potential veterinary and public health implications encouraging investigating the suspected unexplored diversity within the genus Anaplasma in animals and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Zobba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Schianchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Hanène Belkahia
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Roberta Piredda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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7
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Sánchez-Montes S, Salceda-Sánchez B, Bermúdez SE, Aguilar-Tipacamú G, Ballados-González GG, Huerta H, Aguilar-Domínguez M, la Mora JDD, Licona-Enríquez JD, la Mora DDD, López-Pérez AM, Torres-Castro MA, Alcántara-Rodríguez V, Becker I, Colunga-Salas P. Rhipicephalus sanguineus Complex in the Americas: Systematic, Genetic Diversity, and Geographic Insights. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091118. [PMID: 34578151 PMCID: PMC8471700 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group encompasses at least 12 validated species of Palearctic and Afrotropical hard ticks, which are relevant in veterinary medicine and public health. The taxonomy of R. sanguineus s.s., has been particularly intensely debated, due to its wide geographic distribution, morphological variants, parasite-host associations, and its capacity and vectorial competence for the transmission of several pathogens. By sequencing mitochondrial markers, it was possible to identify the existence of multiple lineages, among which the Tropical and the Temperate lineages stand out, particularly in America. However, the northern limit between these lineages is not clear due to the lack of extensive sampling across Mexico. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity and structure of the R. sanguineus group in Mexico and to compare it with the populations reported in the Americas, in order to propose the northern limit of the R. sanguineus Tropical lineage and the potential regions of sympatry with R. sanguineus s.s. The findings of this study now confirm the presence of R. sanguineus s.s. in Mexico, showing a subtle genetic structure and high genetic diversity throughout its distribution in the Americas. In contrast, the Tropical lineage seems to be genetically less diverse in its overall distribution in the Americas. The genetic diversity of these two independent lineages could have important epidemiological implications in the transmission of tick pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan de Rodríguez Cano, Veracruz 92870, Mexico;
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Salceda-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (B.S.-S.); (P.C.-S.)
| | - Sergio E. Bermúdez
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama 0816-02593, Panama;
| | - Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú
- C. A. Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76750, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo G. Ballados-González
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico; (G.G.B.-G.); (M.A.-D.)
| | - Herón Huerta
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico;
| | - Mariel Aguilar-Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91710, Mexico; (G.G.B.-G.); (M.A.-D.)
| | - Jesús Delgado-de la Mora
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Jesús D. Licona-Enríquez
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - David Delgado-de la Mora
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Andrés M. López-Pérez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Torres-Castro
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán 97000, Mexico;
| | - Virginia Alcántara-Rodríguez
- Unidad Departamental de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City 06900, Mexico;
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Pablo Colunga-Salas
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz 91090, Mexico
- Correspondence: (B.S.-S.); (P.C.-S.)
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8
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El Hamiani Khatat S, Daminet S, Duchateau L, Elhachimi L, Kachani M, Sahibi H. Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:686644. [PMID: 34250067 PMCID: PMC8260688 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.686644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a worldwide emerging zoonotic tick-borne pathogen transmitted by Ixodid ticks and naturally maintained in complex and incompletely assessed enzootic cycles. Several studies have demonstrated an extensive genetic variability with variable host tropisms and pathogenicity. However, the relationship between genetic diversity and modified pathogenicity is not yet understood. Because of their proximity to humans, dogs are potential sentinels for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Furthermore, the strong molecular similarity between human and canine isolates of A. phagocytophilum in Europe and the USA and the positive association in the distribution of human and canine cases in the USA emphasizes the epidemiological role of dogs. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects and survives within neutrophils by disregulating neutrophil functions and evading specific immune responses. Moreover, the complex interaction between the bacterium and the infected host immune system contribute to induce inflammatory injuries. Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis is an acute febrile illness characterized by lethargy, inappetence, weight loss and musculoskeletal pain. Hematological and biochemistry profile modifications associated with this disease are unspecific and include thrombocytopenia, anemia, morulae within neutrophils and increased liver enzymes activity. Coinfections with other tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) may occur, especially with Borrelia burgdorferi, complicating the clinical presentation, diagnosis and response to treatment. Although clinical studies have been published in dogs, it remains unclear if several clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities can be related to this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El Hamiani Khatat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Department of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Latifa Elhachimi
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Parasitology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Malika Kachani
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Hamid Sahibi
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Parasitology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
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9
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Molecular detection of Rickettsia sp. cf. Rickettsia monacensis in Ixodes sp. cf. Ixodes affinis collected from white-tailed deer in Campeche, Mexico. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1891-1895. [PMID: 33830363 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Deer encompass a group of large-sized vertebrates that serve as hosts for a wide variety of ectoparasites, mainly ticks. In Mexico, ticks have relevance as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms, and 20 species of hard ticks are associated with four species of deer, although only a single study has been conducted to detect bacterial agents associated with ticks from deer in the country. In February, 2019 three white-tailed deers (Odocoileus virginianus) were hunted from the locality of Chiná from the municipality of Campeche, Mexico. The sampled deers were parasitized by 26 ticks belonged to three species: Amblyomma mixtum (5♀, 1♂), Amblyomma ovale (2♀, 1♂), and Ixodes sp. cf. Ixodes affinis (15♀, 2♂). Specimens were screened individually for Anaplasma, Borrelia, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia DNA by the amplification of several fragments of 16S rRNA, gltA, 17-kDa, and flaB genes. This study report for the first time the presence of Rickettsia sp. cf. Rickettsia monacensis in Ixodes sp. cf. Ixodes affinis in Mexico.
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10
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Melgarejo T, Oakley BB, Krumbeck JA, Tang S, Krantz A, Linde A. Assessment of bacterial and fungal populations in urine from clinically healthy dogs using next-generation sequencing. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1416-1426. [PMID: 33739491 PMCID: PMC8162589 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine from clinically healthy dogs is not sterile. Characterizing microbial diversity and abundance within this population of dogs is important to define normal reference ranges for healthy urine. OBJECTIVES To establish composition and relative representation of bacterial and fungal microbiomes in urine of clinically healthy dogs. ANIMALS Fifty clinically healthy dogs. METHODS Analytic study. Urine sampling via cystocentesis. Comprehensive evaluation of urine including standard urinalysis, culture and sensitivity, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and bioinformatics to define bacterial and fungal microbiome. RESULTS Culture did not yield positive results in any samples. Next-generation sequencing of urine established low presence of bacteria, fungi, or both in all samples. Diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities varied between urine samples from different dogs. Struvite crystals were associated with bacterial community structure (P = .07) and there was a positive correlation between struvite crystals and pH. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The microbiome in urine of clinically healthy dogs has diverse bacterial and fungal species These findings highlight limitations of conventional culture testing and the need for culture-independent molecular diagnostics to detect microorganisms in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Melgarejo
- Western University of Health Sciences (WesternU), College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Brian B Oakley
- Western University of Health Sciences (WesternU), College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, California, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Krantz
- Western University of Health Sciences (WesternU), College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Annika Linde
- Western University of Health Sciences (WesternU), College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, California, USA
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11
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Piotrowski M, Rymaszewska A. Expansion of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the World. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1906. [PMID: 33266186 PMCID: PMC7760173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia. These infections are among the oldest known diseases transmitted by vectors. In the last three decades there has been a rapid increase in the recognition of this disease complex. This unusual expansion of information was mainly caused by the development of molecular diagnostic techniques that have facilitated the identification of new and previously recognized rickettsiae. A lot of currently known bacteria of the genus Rickettsia have been considered nonpathogenic for years, and moreover, many new species have been identified with unknown pathogenicity. The genus Rickettsia is distributed all over the world. Many Rickettsia species are present on several continents. The geographical distribution of rickettsiae is related to their vectors. New cases of rickettsioses and new locations, where the presence of these bacteria is recognized, are still being identified. The variety and rapid evolution of the distribution and density of ticks and diseases which they transmit shows us the scale of the problem. This review article presents a comparison of the current understanding of the geographic distribution of pathogenic Rickettsia species to that of the beginning of the century.
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12
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Chiappa G, Cafiso A, Monza E, Serra V, Olivieri E, Romeo C, Bazzocchi C. Development of a PCR for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, targeted on the groEL gene. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2020; 67. [PMID: 33043891 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2020.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) is the etiological agent of Lyme disease, transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes Latreille. Diagnosis of Lyme disease in humans is often difficult and a detailed knowledge of the circulation of B. burgdorferi s.l. in tick hosts is therefore fundamental to support clinical procedures. Here we developed a molecular approach for the detection of B. burgdorferi s.l. in North Italian Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus). The method is based on the amplification of a fragment of the groEL gene, which encodes a heat-shock protein highly conserved among B. burgdorferi s.l. species. The tool was applied in both qualitative and Real-time PCR approaches testing ticks collected in a North Italian area. The obtained results suggest that this new molecular tool could represent a sensitive and specific method for epidemiological studies aimed at defining the distribution of B. burgdorferi s.l. in I. ricinus and, consequently, the exposure risk for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chiappa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Monza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Emanuela Olivieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Chiara Bazzocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Centre "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Coordinated Research Centre "EpiSoMi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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The co-infection with Ehrlichia minasensis, Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma platys is not associated with anemia in beef cattle in the Brazilian Pantanal. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 21:100437. [PMID: 32862907 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Anaplasmataceae family is composed of obligatory intracellular Gram-negative bacteria transmitted by arthropod vectors. In Brazil, with the exception of Anaplasma marginale, little is known about the occurrence of other Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species infecting cattle. The present study aimed at investigating the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in beef cattle (Bos indicus) sampled in the Brazilian Pantanal, an area prone to periodic flooding and endemic for bovine trypanosomiasis. Blood samples from 400 cattle were collected and screened by PCR assays based on rrs and dsb genes from Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp., respectively. Positive samples for Anaplasma spp. were subjected to qPCR assays based on the msp-2 gene and nPCR based on the groEL gene. As a result, 4.75% (19/400) and 48.12% (167/347) were positive for Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia minasensis, respectively. Besides, positivity of 56.75% (227/400) for A. marginale and seropositivity of 90.75% (363/400) for Trypanosoma vivax were found. A high rate of co-infection was observed (67.25%), from which the co-infection by A. marginale and E. minasensis was more frequently found in calves than cows. Interestingly, none of the animals presenting co-infection showed anemia or other clinical signs. The present study showed, for the first time, the occurrence of A. platys and E. minasensis in beef cattle in the southern Pantanal, as well as a high rate of co-infection by A. marginale, E. minasensis and T. vivax in the sampled animals.
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14
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Yan Y, Jiang Y, Tao D, Zhao A, Qi M, Ning C. Molecular detection of Anaplasma spp. in dairy cattle in southern Xinjiang, China. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 20:100406. [PMID: 32448523 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is caused by a group of obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Anaplasma, which are transmitted by ticks. This study was conducted to determine the prevalences and molecular characterization of Anaplasma spp. in dairy cattle in the upper reaches of the Tarim River in Xinjiang, China. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing approaches, DNA of Anaplasma spp. was detected in 16 of 493 (3.2%) blood samples from dairy cattle. Positive rates were 0.2% (1/493), 0.4% (2/493), 0.2% (1/493), 2.4% (12/493) and 2.4% (12/493) for A. bovis, A. ovis, A. phagocytophilum like strain, A. phagocytophilum and A. platys like strain, respectively. Anaplasma phagocytophilum and A. platys like strain co-infection was detected in 12 samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. ovis infection in dairy cattle in Xinjiang. This study provides new data on the prevalences of Anaplasma spp. in cattle in Xinjiang, which will help to formulate appropriate control strategies for these pathogens in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Yan
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, PR China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China
| | - Yuxi Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, PR China
| | - Dayong Tao
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, PR China
| | - Aiyun Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, PR China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, PR China.
| | - Changshen Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, PR China.
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15
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Selmi R, Ben Said M, Dhibi M, Ben Yahia H, Messadi L. Improving specific detection and updating phylogenetic data related to Anaplasma platys-like strains infecting camels (Camelus dromedarius) and their ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:101260. [PMID: 31327747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In camels and their infesting ectoparasites, specific detection of pathogenic Anaplasma platys and genetically related strains (A. platys-like strains) remains problematic. This requires sequencing of the hemi-nested PCR products specific to A. platys and related strains. In this study, a PCR/RFLP method, earlier developed for specific detection of A. platys-like strains in animal species other than camels, was adapted in order to subtype A. platys-like strains isolated from camels and their ticks and to differentiate them from pathogenic A. platys without going through a sequencing step. This approach was used for investigating the infections with A. platys and related strains in 412 Camelus dromedarius camels and 334 feeding ticks from five Tunisian governorates. Microscopic examination using Giemsa-stained blood smears was performed in order to specify which types of cells were infected. Ticks were identified as Hyalomma dromedarii (n = 164, 49%), H. impeltatum (n = 161, 48.3%) and H. excavatum (n = 9, 2.7%). A. platys was not detected in any of the tested camels or ticks. The overall prevalence of A. platys-like strains was 5.6% (23/412) in camels and microscopic examination of infected cells showed a tropism for neutrophil granulocytes. One tick identified as H. dromedarii out of 327 analyzed ticks was found to be infected with A. platys-like strains (0.3%). Alignment, identity comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA partial sequences obtained in this study suggest that Tunisian dromedaries and feeding ticks are infected with different Anaplasma strains genetically related to A. platys. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic study based on the groEL gene confirm the RFLP results and show that camel strains formed a separate sub-cluster relatively close to A. platys-like strains infecting Tunisian cattle. This adapted RFLP assay allows fast and specific detection of pathogenic A. platys and A. platys-like strains in camels and infesting ticks and has the intrinsic potential of revealing co-infections with these two types of bacteria in the same sample, reducing the time and costs associated with cloning and sequencing during molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Selmi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia; Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, Université de Carthage, Tunisia; Ministère de la Défense Nationale, Direction Générale de la Santé Militaire, Service Vétérinaire, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Dhibi
- Service de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Houcine Ben Yahia
- Ministère de la Défense Nationale, Direction Générale de la Santé Militaire, Service Vétérinaire, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
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16
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Springer A, Montenegro VM, Schicht S, Globokar Vrohvec M, Pantchev N, Balzer J, Strube C. Seroprevalence and Current Infections of Canine Vector-Borne Diseases in Costa Rica. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:164. [PMID: 31214605 PMCID: PMC6558105 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic dogs may carry several vector-borne pathogens, including zoonotic agents, especially in tropical regions like Central America. The epidemiology of these pathogens is prone to change due to urbanization, trade and travel as well as climate change, necessitating repeated monitoring. This study aims to present a comprehensive picture of canine vector-borne diseases in Costa Rica, combining data on seroprevalence with molecular species identification of the causative pathogens. In this survey, 294 dogs from all seven provinces of Costa Rica were included. After a clinical examination, diagnostic blood samples were analyzed with regard to packed cell volume (PCV) and presence of microfilaria. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) as well as antigen of Dirofilaria immitis. Seropositive and microfilaremic blood samples were analyzed by PCR to detect current infections and identify the pathogen species. Overall, 45.24% (133/294, 95% CI: 39.45–51.11%) of dogs were seropositive for at least one of the tested pathogens. Seroprevalence was highest for Ehrlichia spp. (39.46%, 116/294, 95% CI: 33.83–45.29%), followed by Babesia spp. (23.13%, 68/294, 95% CI: 18.43–28.38%), Anaplasma spp. (13.27%, 39/294, 95% CI: 9.61–17.69%), and B. burgdorferi s.l. (0.34%, 1/294, 95% CI: 0.01–1.88%). Generalized linear mixed models indicated a significant association of Ehrlichia-, Anaplasma- and Babesia-seropositivity, as well as a significant effect of age and breed on Ehrlichia-seropositivity. Furthermore, a statistically significant negative effect of Ehrlichia-, Anaplasma-, and Babesia-seropositivity on PCV was found. Regarding current infections, Ehrlichia canis DNA was detected in 51.72% (60/116, 95% CI: 42.26–61.10%) of Ehrlichia-seropositive dogs, while Ehrlichia ewingii and Ehrlichia chaffeensis were not detected. Furthermore, 10.26% (4/39, 95% CI: 2.87–24.22%) of Anaplasma-seropositive dogs were coinfected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma platys, while one animal (2.56%, 95% CI: 0.65–13.48%) was infected with A. phagocytophilum only. Among Babesia-seropositive dogs, Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon canis were detected in one animal each (1.47%, 1/68, 95% CI: 0.04–7.92%). Dirofilaria immitis antigen was detected in 4.42% (13/294, 95% CI: 2.38–7.44%) of dogs. In microfilaremic animals, D. immitis as well as Acanthocheilonema reconditum infections were identified. This survey demonstrates that canine vector-borne pathogens, including zoonotic agents like A. phagocytophilum and D. immitis, are widespread in Costa Rica. Thus, protection of dogs from disease-transmitting vectors is recommended from an animal welfare as well as public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Springer
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Víctor M Montenegro
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Costa Rica, Campus Benjamín Núñez, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Sabine Schicht
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christina Strube
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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17
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Guo WP, Zhang B, Wang YH, Xu G, Wang X, Ni X, Zhou EM. Molecular identification and characterization of Anaplasma capra and Anaplasma platys-like in Rhipicephalus microplus in Ankang, Northwest China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:434. [PMID: 31101084 PMCID: PMC6525361 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Four species within Anaplasma genus are emerging zoonotic pathogens, which are transmitted by ticks and generate veterinary and public health concerns. Here, we performed a molecular survey of Anaplasma in Ankang, Northwest China. Methods Hard ticks were collected and identified using morphological and molecular methods. Human-pathogenic Anaplasma species were tested using nested polymerase chain reaction. The nearly complete rrs, gltA, and groEL genes sequences from revealed Anaplasma species were amplified and sequenced to determine their molecular characteristics and their phylogeny. Results All ticks collected in Ankang belonged to the Rhipicephalus microplus. Novel unclassified Anaplasma strains genetically related to A. platys and A. capra were detected in these ticks. Co-infection of these two organisms was also found. The novel unclassified Anaplasma strains identified in this study formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage based on the groEL gene and two lineages based on the gltA gene within A. platys and related strains group. The revealed A. capra strains identified in this study were most closely related to those detected in humans and other vertebrate animals. Conclusion We revealed the presence of A. capra, a novel human pathogens in R. microplus ticks in previously unrecognized endemic regions. We also detected a novel unclassified Anaplasma species genetically related to A. platys. The epidemiology of anaplasmosis caused by these two Anaplasma species in humans should be assessed in future studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4075-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Guo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Human parasitology, Preclinical Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi-Han Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Xuwang Town Comprehensive Agricultural Service Station, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuebing Ni
- State Key laboratory of Emerging infectious disease, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Belkahia H, Ben Said M, Ghribi R, Selmi R, Ben Asker A, Yahiaoui M, Bousrih M, Daaloul-Jedidi M, Messadi L. Molecular detection, genotyping and phylogeny of Anaplasma spp. in Rhipicephalus ticks from Tunisia. Acta Trop 2019; 191:38-49. [PMID: 30582922 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In Tunisia, most of Anaplasma species and unclassified strains have been detected in several animals, but data on the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in ticks are still lacking. In this study, we report the molecular evidence, genetic characterization and phylogeny of Anaplasma spp. in ticks collected from small ruminants. A total of 395 ticks (178 males and 179 females) were collected from sheep (n = 215) and goats (n = 180). Tick species were identified as 232 Rhipicephalus turanicus, 99 Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, 34 Rhipicephalus bursa and 30 Rhipicephalus annulatus. Overall infection rate of Anaplasma spp. was 5.6% (20/357 analyzed ticks). All positive ticks were collected from goats and found to be infected by A. ovis. R. turanicus is the most infected tick species by A. ovis (7.9%) followed by R. sanguineus s.l. (2.5%) with an absence of infection in R. bursa and R. annulatus. A. ovis prevalence rate varied significantly according to bioclimatic areas and geographic regions. GroEL typing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these analyzed ticks are infected with various and novel strains of A. ovis. The use of PCR-RFLP method complemented with sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene confirm that one R. turanicus tick, positive to A. ovis, is co-infected with A. phagocytophilum-like 2 (0.3%). Specific A. phagocytophilum, A. phagocytophilum-like 1, A. marginale, A. centrale, A. bovis, and A. platys and related strains were not detected in any of the tested ticks. Present data expand knowledge about tick-borne bacteria present in ticks and further clarify the transmission cycles of these bacteria and their different elements in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanène Belkahia
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Raoua Ghribi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Rachid Selmi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Alaa Ben Asker
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Yahiaoui
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Maha Bousrih
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Monia Daaloul-Jedidi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
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19
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Ojeda-Chi MM, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Esteve-Gasent MD, Pérez de León A, Modarelli JJ, Villegas-Perez S. Molecular detection of rickettsial tick-borne agents in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus yucatanensis), mazama deer (Mazama temama), and the ticks they host in Yucatan, Mexico. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:365-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Seroprevalence and current infections of canine vector-borne diseases in Nicaragua. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:585. [PMID: 30419951 PMCID: PMC6233566 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vector-borne diseases constitute a major problem for veterinary and public health, especially in tropical regions like Central America. Domestic dogs may be infected with several vector-borne pathogens of zoonotic relevance, which may also severely compromise canine health. Methods To assess the prevalence of canine vector-borne diseases in Nicaragua, 329 dogs from seven cities, which were presented to the veterinarian for various reasons, were included in this study. Dogs were examined clinically and diagnostic blood samples were taken for analysis of packed cell volume (PCV) and presence of microfilariae as well as antigen of Dirofilaria immitis and antibodies to Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) by use of a commercially available rapid ELISA. To detect current infections, specific PCRs for the detection of E. canis, A. platys and A. phagocytophilum were carried out on blood samples of the respective seropositive dogs. Microfilaremic blood samples, as well as D. immitis antigen positive samples were further subjected to PCR and subsequent sequencing for filarial species identification. Results Antibodies against Ehrlichia spp. were present in 62.9% of dogs, while Anaplasma spp. seroprevalence was 28.6%. Antibodies against species of both genera were detected in 24.9% of dogs. Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) antibodies were not detected. Dirofilaria immitis antigen was present in six animals (1.8%), two of which also showed D. immitis microfilariae in buffy coat. In addition to D. immitis, Acanthocheilonema reconditum was identified by PCR and sequencing in two of four additional microfilaremic blood samples, which were tested negative for D. immitis antigen. Current E. canis infections as defined by DNA detection were present in 58.5% of Ehrlichia-seropositive dogs, while 5.3% of Anaplasma-seropositive dogs were PCR-positive for A. platys, 2.2% for A. phagocytophilum and 16.0% for both Anaplasma species. Current E. canis infection had a statistically significant negative impact on PCV, whereas no relationship between infection status and clinical signs of disease could be observed. Conclusions These results indicate that canine vector-borne diseases are widespread in Nicaragua and that dogs may constitute a reservoir for human infection with E. canis, A. phagocytophilum and D. immitis. Thus, the use of repellents or acaricides to protect dogs from vector-borne diseases is strongly recommended.
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Patra G, Sahara A, Ghosh S, Behera P, Borthakur SK, Biswas P, Debbarma A, Sahanawaz Alam S. Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in North-Eastern region of India. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1526495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Patra
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Ana Sahara
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Subhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Parthasarathi Behera
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, India
| | - Papia Biswas
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Aizawl, India
| | - Apurba Debbarma
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Tripura, Agartala, India
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Eraso-Cadena MP, Molina-Guzmán LP, Cardona X, Cardona-Arias JA, Ríos-Osorio LA, Gutierrez-Builes LA. Serological evidence of exposure to some zoonotic microorganisms in cattle and humans with occupational exposure to livestock in Antioquia, Colombia. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00193617. [PMID: 30329003 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00193617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia and Coxiella genera are considered emerging pathogens and livestock is one of the contexts where the transmission of these microorganisms can occur. The goal of this study was to determine serological evidence for the exposure to these bacteria in cattle and humans with occupational exposure to livestock in the subregions North and Magdalena Medio, Antioquia, Colombia, and to explore related factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 livestock farms distributed in six municipalities from both subregions: Belmira, Entrerríos and San Pedro de los Milagros (North), and Puerto Berrío, Puerto Nare and Puerto Triunfo (Magdalena Medio). Blood samples from 332 people and 384 bovines were evaluated by serology (IgM and IgG) screening for bacteria from the Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Coxiella genera. Seropositivity in humans from both regions was 42.4% (95%CI: 31.2-55.1) for Anaplasma, 74.2% (95%CI: 66.0-84.4) for Ehrlichia, 72.5% (95%CI: 62.1-82.0) for Rickettsia, and 60.7% (95%CI: 59.7-69.1) for Coxiella burnetii. In cattle, seropositivity was 31.6% (95%CI: 19.9-44.2), 66.8% (95%CI: 55.2-78.1), 64.6% (95%CI: 53.8-74.5), and 61.6% (95%CI: 51.9-69.2), respectively. History of biting by ticks, milking, vaccination, having dogs and hens in the residence, as well as the consumption of raw milk derivatives were some factors associated with the infection by the bacteria studied. The results suggest a previous and recent exposure to these zoonotic bacteria genera in people with occupational exposure to livestock, as well as in cattle in the two studied subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Licet Paola Molina-Guzmán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.,Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ximena Cardona
- Departamento de Asistencia Técnica, COLANTA, Medellín, Colombia
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Springer A, Montenegro VM, Schicht S, Wölfel S, Schaper SR, Chitimia-Dobler L, Siebert S, Strube C. Detection of Rickettsia monacensis and Rickettsia amblyommatis in ticks collected from dogs in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1565-1572. [PMID: 30098931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The neotropical climate of Central America provides ideal conditions for ticks, which may transmit several human pathogens, including spotted-fever group Rickettsia. Dogs may act as sentinels or reservoirs for human tick-borne diseases due to shared tick species. Here, ticks were collected from 680 client-owned dogs in Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and a total of 316 tick pools were investigated for Rickettsia infection by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the gltA gene. Subsequently, up to six further genomic targets (16S rDNA, gltA, sca4, ompA, ompB and the 23S-5S intergenic spacer) were investigated for Rickettsia species determination. The predominant tick species was Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) (19.9% of dogs infested in Costa Rica, 48.0% in Nicaragua), followed by Ixodes boliviensis (3.1% in Costa Rica / none in Nicaragua) and Amblyomma ovale (4.8% in Costa Rica, 0.9% in Nicaragua). In total, 22 of 316 tick pools containing 60 of 1023 individual ticks were Rickettsia-positive as determined by qPCR, resulting in a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 2.2%. In detail, MIR in Rh. sanguineus s.l. was 0.7% (7/281 pools), in I. boliviensis 33.3% (12/13 pools) and in A. ovale 9.7% (3/22 pools). For 11 of 12 positive I. boliviensis pools and one of six positive Rh. sanguineus s.l. pools, the species could be determined as R. monacensis. R. amblyommatis was identified in one Rh. sanguineus s.l. pool from Costa Rica and one A. ovale pool from Nicaragua. Nine of 12 R. monacensis-positive tick pools were collected in San Rafael de Heredia, Costa Rica, indicating a high local occurrence in this area. This study supports recent evidence that R. monacensis is present on the American continent. Its high local occurrence among dog-associated I. boliviensis, which may also parasitize humans, in Costa Rica gives cause for concern, as R. monacensis is also pathogenic to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Springer
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Víctor M Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Campus Benjamín Núñez, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Sabine Schicht
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany
| | - Silke Wölfel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D80937 Munich, Germany; Center of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine R Schaper
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Lidia Chitimia-Dobler
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D80937 Munich, Germany; Center of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Siebert
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Global Marketing CAP, MON/6210, 51373 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany.
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Qin XR, Han FJ, Luo LM, Zhao FM, Han HJ, Zhang ZT, Liu JW, Xue ZF, Liu MM, Ma DQ, Huang YT, Yue Sun, Sun XF, Li WQ, Zhao L, Hao Yu, Yu XJ. Anaplasma species detected in Haemaphysalis longicornis tick from China. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:840-843. [PMID: 29567147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma are tick-borne obligatory intracellular bacteria, which infect humans and other animals. The Anaplasma species carried by ticks in China are not well studied. We collected 3145 questing Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks including 120 larvae, 2460 nymphs and 565 adults from vegetation in Jiaonan County, Shandong Province, China from 2013 to 2015. All ticks were examined for the presence of Anaplasma species by nested PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. For further differentiation of A. capra from A. centrale, gltA and msp2 genes were sequenced for A. capra. Three Anaplasma species were detected in the nymph and/or adult ticks with the minimum infection rate of ticks as follows: 1.55% for A. bovis, 0.10% for A. phagocytophilum, and 0.03% for A. capra. These results indicated that the H. longicornis tick in Jiaonan County carried multiple Anaplasma species, which may be a challenge for public health in the studying area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Qin
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Fu-Jun Han
- Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Mei Luo
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Fu-Ming Zhao
- Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Ju Han
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Zhen-Tang Zhang
- Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China
| | - Zai-Feng Xue
- Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Liu
- School of Public Health, Jining University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Ma
- Huangdao District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Xi-Feng Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Wen-Qian Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fudan University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430071, China.
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Polsomboon S, Hoel DF, Murphy JR, Linton YM, Motoki M, Robbins RG, Bautista K, Bricen O I, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Ching WM, Chao CC. Molecular Detection and Identification of Rickettsia Species in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected From Belize, Central America. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1718-1726. [PMID: 28981693 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in Belize, Central America. We tested ixodid ticks for the presence of Rickettsia species in three of the six northern and western Belizean districts. Ticks were collected from domestic animals and tick drags over vegetation in 23 different villages in November 2014, February 2015, and May 2015. A total of 2,506 collected ticks were identified to the following species: Dermacentor nitens Neumann (46.69%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (19.55%), Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini) (19.47%), Amblyomma cajennense complex (9.74%), Amblyomma maculatum Koch (3.47%), Amblyomma ovale Koch (0.68%), Ixodes nr affinis (0.16%), Amblyomma nr maculatum (0.12%), and Amblyomma nr oblongoguttatum (0.12%). Ticks were pooled according to species, life stage (larva, nymph, or adult), and location (n = 509) for DNA extraction and screened for genus Rickettsia by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All 42 positive pools were found to be positive for spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia in pools of A. cajennense complex (n = 33), A. maculatum (n = 4), A. nr maculatum (n = 1), A. ovale (n = 1), R. sanguineus (n = 1), and I. nr affinis (n = 2). Rickettsia amblyommatis was identified from A. cajennense complex and A. nr maculatum. Rickettsia parkeri was found in A. maculatum, and Rickettsia sp. endosymbiont was detected in I. nr affinis. The presence of infected ticks suggests a risk of tick-borne rickettsioses to humans and animals in Belize. This knowledge can contribute to an effective tick management and disease control program benefiting residents and travelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppaluck Polsomboon
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - David F Hoel
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Jittawadee R Murphy
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, MRC-534, Suitland, MD 20746
- Smithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560
| | - Maysa Motoki
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, MRC-534, Suitland, MD 20746
- Department of Entomology, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Sisattanak District, PO Box 3560, Vientiane, Laos, PDR
| | - Richard G Robbins
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, MRC-534, Suitland, MD 20746
| | - Kim Bautista
- Ministry of Health, Vector Control Office, Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk, Belize
| | - Ireneo Bricen O
- Ministry of Health, Vector Control Office, Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk, Belize
- Belize Vector and Ecology Center (BVEC), Orange Walk Town, Orange Walk District, Belize
| | - Nicole L Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 239 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - John P Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 239 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Wei-Mei Ching
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Disease Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Chien-Chung Chao
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Disease Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910
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Characterization of Anaplasma spp. infection in dogs from Costa Rica. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2017; 8:60-65. [PMID: 31014639 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study combining serological and molecular techniques for detecting selected Anaplasma species was conducted between 2011 and 2012 in dogs and ticks sampled in all provinces of Costa Rica. Global Anaplasma spp. seroprevalence was 2.7% (11/408) by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The 16S rRNA PCR confirmed active A. phagocytophilum infection only in one dog (0.3%, 1/374); however, the same sample was negative to groEL PCR. Out of 122 Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. ticks analyzed, one (0.8%) was found positive to A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA PCR but negative when tested by groEL PCR; this tick was collected from a seronegative and PCR negative dog. Both 16S rRNA sequences were 100% (510/510bp) identical to A. phagocytophilum strains isolated in different countries from different hosts. The presence of A. platys was established in four dogs (1%, 4/374) by both 16SrRNA and groEL PCR. Ticks collected from the same dogs tested negative by PCR. The 16S rRNA sequences were 100% identical to the corresponding sequences of A. platys strains isolated from dogs in Croatia and Brazil, however groEL sequences showed variable similarity levels (99-100%) with different strains of A. platys isolated in Chile, Japan and Thailand, pointing out the possible presence of different variants in Central America. Collectively data indicate low prevalence of A. phagocytophilum and A. platys in dogs from Costa Rica. Furthermore, infections seem to occur without clinical signs but with some hematological changes, and seem to resolve without treatment.
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Bouza-Mora L, Dolz G, Solórzano-Morales A, Romero-Zuñiga JJ, Salazar-Sánchez L, Labruna MB, Aguiar DM. Novel genotype of Ehrlichia canis detected in samples of human blood bank donors in Costa Rica. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 8:36-40. [PMID: 27682202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the detection and identification of DNA and antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. in samples of blood bank donors in Costa Rica using molecular and serological techniques. Presence of Ehrlichia canis was determined in 10 (3.6%) out of 280 blood samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ehrlichial dsb conserved gene. Analysis of the ehrlichial trp36 polymorphic gene in these 10 samples revealed substantial polymorphism among the E. canis genotypes, including divergent tandem repeat sequences. Nucleotide sequences of dsb and trp36 amplicons revealed a novel genotype of E. canis in blood bank donors from Costa Rica. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) detected antibodies in 35 (35%) of 100 serum samples evaluated. Thirty samples showed low endpoint titers (64-256) to E. canis, whereas five sera yielded high endpoint titers (1024-8192); these five samples were also E. canis-PCR positive. These findings represent the first report of the presence of E. canis in humans in Central America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bouza-Mora
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Campus Benjamín Nuñez, Barreal de Heredia, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Gaby Dolz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Campus Benjamín Nuñez, Barreal de Heredia, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Antony Solórzano-Morales
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Campus Benjamín Nuñez, Barreal de Heredia, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Juan José Romero-Zuñiga
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Campus Benjamín Nuñez, Barreal de Heredia, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | | | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniel M Aguiar
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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