1
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Dartois V, Bonfield TL, Boyce JP, Daley CL, Dick T, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Gupta S, Kramnik I, Lamichhane G, Laughon BE, Lorè NI, Malcolm KC, Olivier KN, Tuggle KL, Jackson M. Preclinical murine models for the testing of antimicrobials against Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary infections: Current practices and recommendations. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 147:102503. [PMID: 38729070 PMCID: PMC11168888 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen of the human lung, disproportionally affecting people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other susceptible individuals with non-CF bronchiectasis and compromised immune functions. M. abscessus infections are extremely difficult to treat due to intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics, including most anti-tuberculous drugs. Current standard-of-care chemotherapy is long, includes multiple oral and parenteral repurposed drugs, and is associated with significant toxicity. The development of more effective oral antibiotics to treat M. abscessus infections has thus emerged as a high priority. While murine models have proven instrumental in predicting the efficacy of therapeutic treatments for M. tuberculosis infections, the preclinical evaluation of drugs against M. abscessus infections has proven more challenging due to the difficulty of establishing a progressive, sustained, pulmonary infection with this pathogen in mice. To address this issue, a series of three workshops were hosted in 2023 by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to review the current murine models of M. abscessus infections, discuss current challenges and identify priorities toward establishing validated and globally harmonized preclinical models. This paper summarizes the key points from these workshops. The hope is that the recommendations that emerged from this exercise will facilitate the implementation of informative murine models of therapeutic efficacy testing across laboratories, improve reproducibility from lab-to-lab and accelerate preclinical-to-clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation & Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | - Tracey L Bonfield
- Genetics and Genome Sciences and National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jim P Boyce
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles L Daley
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Dick
- Center for Discovery and Innovation & Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1682, USA
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Igor Kramnik
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Gyanu Lamichhane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara E Laughon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicola I Lorè
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Kenneth C Malcolm
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, 27599-7248, NC, USA
| | | | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1682, USA.
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2
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Yabaji SM, Zhernovkov V, Araveti PB, Lata S, Rukhlenko OS, Abdullatif SA, Alekseev Y, Ma Q, Dayama G, Lau NC, Bishai WR, Crossland NA, Campbell JD, Kholodenko BN, Gimelbrant AA, Kobzik L, Kramnik I. Myc Dysregulation in Activated Macrophages Initiates Iron-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation that Fuels Type I Interferon and Compromises TB Resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583602. [PMID: 38496444 PMCID: PMC10942339 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A quarter of human population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but less than 10% of those infected develop clinical, mostly pulmonary, TB. To dissect mechanisms of susceptibility in immunocompetent individuals, we developed a genetically defined sst1-susceptible mouse model that uniquely reproduces a defining feature of human TB: development of necrotic lung lesions after infection with virulent Mtb. In this study, we explored the connectivity of the sst1-regulated pathways during prolonged macrophage activation with TNF. We determined that the aberrant response of the sst1-susceptible macrophages to TNF was primarily driven by conflicting Myc and antioxidant response pathways that resulted in a coordinated failure to properly sequester intracellular iron and activate ferroptosis inhibitor enzymes. Consequently, iron-mediated lipid peroxidation fueled IFNβ superinduction and sustained the Type I Interferon (IFN-I) pathway hyperactivity that locked the sst1-susceptible macrophages in a state of unresolving stress and compromised their resistance to Mtb. The accumulation of the aberrantly activated, stressed, macrophages within granuloma microenvironment led to the local failure of anti-tuberculosis immunity and tissue necrosis. Our findings suggest a novel link between metabolic dysregulation in macrophages and susceptibility to TB, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets aimed at modulating macrophage function and improving TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj M. Yabaji
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Vadim Zhernovkov
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Suruchi Lata
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Oleksii S. Rukhlenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Salam Al Abdullatif
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yuriy Alekseev
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Qicheng Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cell Biology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Gargi Dayama
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cell Biology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Nelson C. Lau
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cell Biology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - William R. Bishai
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Boris N. Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | | | | | - Igor Kramnik
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary Center, The Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Dept. of Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Lead contact
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3
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Chugh S, Bahal RK, Dhiman R, Singh R. Antigen identification strategies and preclinical evaluation models for advancing tuberculosis vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:57. [PMID: 38461350 PMCID: PMC10924964 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In its myriad devastating forms, Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for centuries, and humanity is still affected by it. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of TB, was the foremost killer among infectious agents until the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the key healthcare strategies available to reduce the risk of TB is immunization with bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Although BCG has been widely used to protect against TB, reports show that BCG confers highly variable efficacy (0-80%) against adult pulmonary TB. Unwavering efforts have been made over the past 20 years to develop and evaluate new TB vaccine candidates. The failure of conventional preclinical animal models to fully recapitulate human response to TB, as also seen for the failure of MVA85A in clinical trials, signifies the need to develop better preclinical models for TB vaccine evaluation. In the present review article, we outline various approaches used to identify protective mycobacterial antigens and recent advancements in preclinical models for assessing the efficacy of candidate TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chugh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ritika Kar Bahal
- Marshall Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
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4
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Ashenafi S, Brighenti S. Reinventing the human tuberculosis (TB) granuloma: Learning from the cancer field. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059725. [PMID: 36591229 PMCID: PMC9797505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world and every 20 seconds a person dies from TB. An important attribute of human TB is induction of a granulomatous inflammation that creates a dynamic range of local microenvironments in infected organs, where the immune responses may be considerably different compared to the systemic circulation. New and improved technologies for in situ quantification and multimodal imaging of mRNA transcripts and protein expression at the single-cell level have enabled significantly improved insights into the local TB granuloma microenvironment. Here, we review the most recent data on regulation of immunity in the TB granuloma with an enhanced focus on selected in situ studies that enable spatial mapping of immune cell phenotypes and functions. We take advantage of the conceptual framework of the cancer-immunity cycle to speculate how local T cell responses may be enhanced in the granuloma microenvironment at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This includes an exploratory definition of "hot", immune-inflamed, and "cold", immune-excluded TB granulomas that does not refer to the level of bacterial replication or metabolic activity, but to the relative infiltration of T cells into the infected lesions. Finally, we reflect on the current knowledge and controversy related to reactivation of active TB in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction and maintenance or disruption of immunoregulation in the TB granuloma microenvironment may provide new avenues for host-directed therapies that can support standard antibiotic treatment of persistent TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senait Ashenafi
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, Sweden,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Susanna Brighenti
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura, Huddinge, Sweden,*Correspondence: Susanna Brighenti,
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5
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Larkins-Ford J, Greenstein T, Van N, Degefu YN, Olson MC, Sokolov A, Aldridge BB. Systematic measurement of combination-drug landscapes to predict in vivo treatment outcomes for tuberculosis. Cell Syst 2021; 12:1046-1063.e7. [PMID: 34469743 PMCID: PMC8617591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lengthy multidrug chemotherapy is required to achieve a durable cure in tuberculosis. However, we lack well-validated, high-throughput in vitro models that predict animal outcomes. Here, we provide an extensible approach to rationally prioritize combination therapies for testing in in vivo mouse models of tuberculosis. We systematically measured Mycobacterium tuberculosis response to all two- and three-drug combinations among ten antibiotics in eight conditions that reproduce lesion microenvironments, resulting in >500,000 measurements. Using these in vitro data, we developed classifiers predictive of multidrug treatment outcome in a mouse model of disease relapse and identified ensembles of in vitro models that best describe in vivo treatment outcomes. We identified signatures of potencies and drug interactions in specific in vitro models that distinguish whether drug combinations are better than the standard of care in two important preclinical mouse models. Our framework is generalizable to other difficult-to-treat diseases requiring combination therapies. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Larkins-Ford
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Talia Greenstein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nhi Van
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Yonatan N Degefu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michaela C Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Artem Sokolov
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bree B Aldridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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6
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Hult C, Mattila JT, Gideon HP, Linderman JJ, Kirschner DE. Neutrophil Dynamics Affect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Granuloma Outcomes and Dissemination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712457. [PMID: 34675916 PMCID: PMC8525425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration into tuberculous granulomas is often associated with higher bacteria loads and severe disease but the basis for this relationship is not well understood. To better elucidate the connection between neutrophils and pathology in primate systems, we paired data from experimental studies with our next generation computational model GranSim to identify neutrophil-related factors, including neutrophil recruitment, lifespan, and intracellular bacteria numbers, that drive granuloma-level outcomes. We predict mechanisms underlying spatial organization of neutrophils within granulomas and identify how neutrophils contribute to granuloma dissemination. We also performed virtual deletion and depletion of neutrophils within granulomas and found that neutrophils play a nuanced role in determining granuloma outcome, promoting uncontrolled bacterial growth in some and working to contain bacterial growth in others. Here, we present three key results: We show that neutrophils can facilitate local dissemination of granulomas and thereby enable the spread of infection. We suggest that neutrophils influence CFU burden during both innate and adaptive immune responses, implying that they may be targets for therapeutic interventions during later stages of infection. Further, through the use of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, we predict which neutrophil processes drive granuloma severity and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Hult
- Department of Mathematics, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, United States
| | - Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hannah P Gideon
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer J Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Denise E Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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7
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Grassi G, Vanini V, De Santis F, Romagnoli A, Aiello A, Casetti R, Cimini E, Bordoni V, Notari S, Cuzzi G, Mosti S, Gualano G, Palmieri F, Fraziano M, Goletti D, Agrati C, Sacchi A. PMN-MDSC Frequency Discriminates Active Versus Latent Tuberculosis and Could Play a Role in Counteracting the Immune-Mediated Lung Damage in Active Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:594376. [PMID: 33981297 PMCID: PMC8107479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.594376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, is still the principal cause of death caused by a single infectious agent. The balance between the bacillus and host defense mechanisms reflects the different manifestations of the pathology. Factors defining this variety are unclear and likely involve both mycobacterial and immunological components. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been shown to be expanded during TB, but their role in human TB pathogenesis is not clear. We evaluated the frequency of circulating MDSC by flow-cytometry in 19 patients with active TB, 18 with latent TB infection (LTBI), and 12 healthy donors (HD) as control. Moreover, we investigated the capacity of MDSC to modulate the mycobactericidal activity of monocytes. The association between MDSC level and TB chest X-ray severity score was analyzed. We observed that, unlike active TB, polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC are not expanded in LTBI patients, and, by performing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we found that PMN-MDSC frequency supported the discrimination between active disease and LTBI. Interestingly, we observed an association between PMN-MDSC levels and the severity of TB disease evaluated by chest X-ray. Specifically, PMN-MDSC frequency was higher in those classified with a low/mild severity score compared to those classified with a high severity score. Moreover, PMN-MDSC can impact mycobacterial growth by inducing ROS production in Bacillus Calmette et Guerin (BCG)-infected monocytes. This effect was lost when tested with M. tuberculosis (MTB), In conclusion, our data indicate that the elevated frequency of PMN-MDSC in IGRA-positive individuals is associated with active TB. Our findings also pointed out a beneficial role of PMN-MDSC during human active TB, most likely associated with the limitation of inflammation-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Grassi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research, and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani'-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Notari
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Cuzzi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mosti
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Gualano
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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8
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DiNardo AR, Nishiguchi T, Grimm SL, Schlesinger LS, Graviss EA, Cirillo JD, Coarfa C, Mandalakas AM, Heyckendorf J, Kaufmann SHE, Lange C, Netea MG, Van Crevel R. Tuberculosis endotypes to guide stratified host-directed therapy. MED 2021; 2:217-232. [PMID: 34693385 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is hope that host-directed therapy (HDT) for Tuberculosis (TB) can either shorten treatment duration, help cure drug resistant disease or limit the immunopathology. Many candidate HDT drugs have been proposed, however solid evidence only exists for a few select patient groups. The clinical presentation of TB is variable, with differences in severity, tissue pathology, and bacillary burden. TB clinical phenotypes likely determine the potential benefit of HDT. Underlying TB clinical phenotypes, there are TB "endotypes," defined as distinct molecular profiles, with specific metabolic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and immune phenotypes. TB endotypes can be characterized by either immunodeficiency or pathologic excessive inflammation. Additional factors, like comorbidities (HIV, diabetes, helminth infection), structural lung disease or Mycobacterial virulence also drive TB endotypes. Precise disease phenotyping, combined with in-depth immunologic and molecular profiling and multimodal omics integration, can identify TB endotypes, guide endotype-specific HDT, and improve TB outcomes, similar to advances in cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R DiNardo
- The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Immigrant and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomoki Nishiguchi
- The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Immigrant and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Cirillo
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna M Mandalakas
- The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Immigrant and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, Borstel, Germany.,Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lü beck, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Gö ttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, Borstel, Germany.,Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lü beck, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinout Van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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9
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Xu M, Li J, Xiao Z, Lou J, Pan X, Ma Y. Integrative genomics analysis identifies promising SNPs and genes implicated in tuberculosis risk based on multiple omics datasets. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19173-19220. [PMID: 33051402 PMCID: PMC7732298 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 10 GWASs have reported numerous genetic loci associated with tuberculosis (TB). However, the functional effects of genetic variants on TB remains largely unknown. In the present study, by combining a reported GWAS summary dataset (N = 452,264) with 3 independent eQTL datasets (N = 2,242) and other omics datasets downloaded from public databases, we conducted an integrative genomics analysis to highlight SNPs and genes implicated in TB risk. Based on independent biological and technical validations, we prioritized 26 candidate genes with eSNPs significantly associated with gene expression and TB susceptibility simultaneously; such as, CDC16 (rs7987202, rs9590408, and rs948182) and RCN3 (rs2946863, rs2878342, and rs3810194). Based on the network-based enrichment analysis, we found these 26 highlighted genes were jointly connected to exert effects on TB susceptibility. The co-expression patterns among these 26 genes were remarkably changed according to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection status. Based on 4 independent gene expression datasets, 21 of 26 genes (80.77%) showed significantly differential expressions between TB group and control group in mesenchymal stem cells, mice blood and lung tissues, as well as human alveolar macrophages. Together, we provide robust evidence to support 26 highlighted genes as important candidates for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengzhou People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch, Shengshou 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoying Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengzhou People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch, Shengshou 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiongpo Lou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengzhou People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch, Shengshou 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinrong Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengzhou People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch, Shengshou 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China,School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Prolonged infection triggered by dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Immune and inflammatory responses in lungs of genetically susceptible and resistant mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239668. [PMID: 32970762 PMCID: PMC7514034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed an approach for substantial attenuation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by prolonged culturing under gradually acidifying conditions. Bacteria subjected to acidification lost the capacity to form colonies on solid media, but readily resuscitated their growth in the murine host, providing a useful model to study in vivo development of infection mimicking latent and reactivation tuberculosis (TB) in humans. Here we characterize biomarkers of lung pathology and immune responses triggered by such attenuated bacteria in genetically TB-susceptible and resistant mice. In susceptible I/St mice, CFU counts in lungs and spleens were ~1.5-log higher than in resistant B6 mice, accompanied by diffuse pneumonia and excessive lung infiltration with highly activated CD44+CD62L- T-lymphocytes resulting in death between months 7–9 post challenge. B6 mice were characterized by development of local inflammatory foci, higher production of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-11 cytokines and a more balanced T-cell activation in their lungs. CFU counts remained stable in B6 mice during the whole 18-mo observation period, and all mice survived. Thus, we established a mouse model of fatal reactivation TB vs. indefinite mycobacterial possession after identical challenge and characterized the features of immune responses in the lung tissue underlining these polar phenotypes.
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11
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Ferluga J, Yasmin H, Al-Ahdal MN, Bhakta S, Kishore U. Natural and trained innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151951. [PMID: 32423788 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, remains a major global health emergency. It is estimated that one third of global population are affected, predominantly with latent granuloma form of the disease. Mtb co-evolved with humans, for its obligatory intra-macrophage phagosome habitat and slow replication, balanced against unique mycobacterial innate immunity, which appears to be highly complex. TB is transmitted via cough aerosol Mtb inhalation. Bovine TB attenuated Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) live vaccine has been in practice for protection of young children from severe disseminated Mtb infection, but not sufficiently for their lungs, as obtained by trials in TB endemic community. To augment BCG vaccine-driven innate and adaptive immunity for neonates and better protection against adult pulmonary TB, a number of BCG pre-vaccination based, subset vaccine candidates have been tested via animal preclinical, followed by safe clinical trials. BCG also enhances innate macrophage trained immunity and memory, through primordial intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 9, which recognise distinct mycobacterial molecular pattern signature. This signature is transmitted by TLR signalling via nuclear factor-κB, for activating innate immune transcription and expression of gene profiling in a mycobacterial signature-specific manner. These are epigenetically imprinted in reprogramming of distinct chromatin areas for innate immune memory, to be recalled following lung reinfection. Unique TB innate immunity and its trained memory are considered independent from adaptive immune B and T cells. On the other hand, adaptive immunity is crucial in Mtb containment in granulomatous latency, supported by innate immune cell infiltration. In nearly 5-10 % of susceptible people, latent TB may be activated due to immune evasion by Mtb from intracellular phagosome within macrophage, perpetrating TB. However, BCG and new recombinant BCG vaccines have the capacity, as indicated in pre- and clinical trials, to overcome such Mtb evasion. Various strategies include pro-inflammatory-bactericidal type 1 polarisation (M1) phenotype of the infected macrophage, involving thrombospondin-TLR pathway. Saprophytic M. smegmatis-based recombinant vaccines are also promising candidates against TB. BCG vaccination of neonates/infants in TB endemic countries also reduced their pneumonia caused by various microbes independent of TB immunity. Here, we discuss host immune response against Mtb, its immune evasion strategies, and the important role innate immunity plays in the development of protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Ferluga
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Hadida Yasmin
- Immunology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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12
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Dube D, Sharma R, Mody N, Gupta M, Agrawal U, Vyas SP. Animal models of tuberculosis. Anim Biotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811710-1.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Akkina R, Barber DL, Bility MT, Bissig KD, Burwitz BJ, Eichelberg K, Endsley JJ, Garcia JV, Hafner R, Karakousis PC, Korba BE, Koshy R, Lambros C, Menne S, Nuermberger EL, Ploss A, Podell BK, Poluektova LY, Sanders-Beer BE, Subbian S, Wahl A. Small Animal Models for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B, and Tuberculosis: Proceedings of an NIAID Workshop. Curr HIV Res 2020; 18:19-28. [PMID: 31870268 PMCID: PMC7403688 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666191223114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The main advantage of animal models of infectious diseases over in vitro studies is the gain in the understanding of the complex dynamics between the immune system and the pathogen. While small animal models have practical advantages over large animal models, it is crucial to be aware of their limitations. Although the small animal model at least needs to be susceptible to the pathogen under study to obtain meaningful data, key elements of pathogenesis should also be reflected when compared to humans. Well-designed small animal models for HIV, hepatitis viruses and tuberculosis require, additionally, a thorough understanding of the similarities and differences in the immune responses between humans and small animals and should incorporate that knowledge into the goals of the study. To discuss these considerations, the NIAID hosted a workshop on 'Small Animal Models for HIV, Hepatitis B, and Tuberculosis' on May 30, 2019. Highlights of the workshop are outlined below.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brigitte E. Sanders-Beer
- Address correspondence to this author at the Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892-9830, USA; Tel: (240) 627-3209; E-mail:
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14
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Lamont EA, Baughn AD. Impact of the host environment on the antitubercular action of pyrazinamide. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:374-380. [PMID: 31669220 PMCID: PMC6945238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinamide remains the only drug in the tuberculosis pharmacopeia to drastically shorten first-line therapy from nine to six months. Due to its unparalleled ability to sterilize non-replicating bacilli and reduce relapse rates, PZA is expected to be irreplaceable in future therapies against tuberculosis. While the molecular target of PZA is unclear, recent pharmacokinetic studies using small animal models and patient samples have highlighted the importance of host metabolism and immune responses in PZA efficacy. Delineating which host factors are important for PZA action will be integral to the design of next-generation therapies to shorten current TB drug regimens as well as to overcome treatment limitations in some patients. In this review, we discuss evidence for influence of the host environment on PZA activity, targets for PZA mechanism of action, recent studies in PZA pharmacokinetics, PZA antagonism and synergy with other first-line anti-TB drugs, and implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Lamont
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Anthony D Baughn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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15
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Bull NC, Stylianou E, Kaveh DA, Pinpathomrat N, Pasricha J, Harrington-Kandt R, Garcia-Pelayo MC, Hogarth PJ, McShane H. Enhanced protection conferred by mucosal BCG vaccination associates with presence of antigen-specific lung tissue-resident PD-1 + KLRG1 - CD4 + T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:555-564. [PMID: 30446726 PMCID: PMC7051908 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BCG, the only vaccine licensed against tuberculosis, demonstrates variable efficacy in humans. Recent preclinical studies highlight the potential for mucosal BCG vaccination to improve protection. Lung tissue-resident memory T cells reside within the parenchyma, potentially playing an important role in protective immunity to tuberculosis. We hypothesised that mucosal BCG vaccination may enhance generation of lung tissue-resident T cells, affording improved protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In a mouse model, mucosal intranasal (IN) BCG vaccination conferred superior protection in the lungs compared to the systemic intradermal (ID) route. Intravascular staining allowed discrimination of lung tissue-resident CD4+ T cells from those in the lung vasculature, revealing that mucosal vaccination resulted in an increased frequency of antigen-specific tissue-resident CD4+ T cells compared to systemic vaccination. Tissue-resident CD4+ T cells induced by mucosal BCG displayed enhanced proliferative capacity compared to lung vascular and splenic CD4+ T cells. Only mucosal BCG induced antigen-specific tissue-resident T cells expressing a PD-1+ KLRG1- cell-surface phenotype. These cells constitute a BCG-induced population which may be responsible for the enhanced protection observed with IN vaccination. We demonstrate that mucosal BCG vaccination significantly improves protection over systemic BCG and this correlates with a novel population of BCG-induced lung tissue-resident CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. C. Bull
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,0000 0004 1765 422Xgrid.422685.fVaccine Immunology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey UK
| | - E. Stylianou
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. A. Kaveh
- 0000 0004 1765 422Xgrid.422685.fVaccine Immunology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey UK
| | - N. Pinpathomrat
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Pasricha
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Harrington-Kandt
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. C. Garcia-Pelayo
- 0000 0004 1765 422Xgrid.422685.fVaccine Immunology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey UK
| | - P. J. Hogarth
- 0000 0004 1765 422Xgrid.422685.fVaccine Immunology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey UK
| | - H. McShane
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Yang E, Yang R, Guo M, Huang D, Wang W, Zhang Z, Chen C, Wang F, Ho W, Shen L, Xiao H, Chen ZW, Shen H. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strain infection in macaques results in high bacilli burdens in airways, driving broad innate/adaptive immune responses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:207. [PMID: 30538219 PMCID: PMC6290002 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has become the most deadly infectious diseases due to epidemics of HIV/AIDS and multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant TB (MDR-/XDR-TB). Although person-to-person transmission contributes to MDR-TB, it remains unknown whether infection with MDR strains resembles infection with drug-sensitive (DS) TB strains, manipulating limited or broad immune responses. To address these questions, macaques were infected with MDR strain V791 and a drug-sensitive Erdman strain of TB. MDR bacilli burdens in the airway were significantly higher than those of the Erdman control after pulmonary exposure. This productive MDR strain infection upregulated the expression of caspase 3 in macrophages/monocytes and induced appreciable innate-like effector responses of CD3-negative lymphocytes and Ag-specific γδ T-cell subsets. Concurrently, MDR strain infection induced broad immune responses of T-cell subpopulations producing Th1, Th17, Th22, and CTL cytokines. Furthermore, MDR bacilli, like the Erdman strain, were capable of inducing typical TB disease characterized by weight loss, lymphocytopenia, and severe TB lesions. For the first time, our results suggest that MDR-TB infection acts like DS to induce high bacterial burdens in the airway (transmission advantage), innate/adaptive immune responses, and disease processes. Because nonhuman primates are biologically closer to humans than other species, our data may provide useful information for predicting the effects of primary MDR strain infection after person-to-person transmission. The findings also support the hypothesis that a vaccine or host-directed adjunctive modality that is effective for drug-sensitive TB is likely to also impact MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzhuo Yang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ming Guo
- College of Medicine,Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wandang Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Crystal Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenzhe Ho
- College of Medicine,Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heping Xiao
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Unit of Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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17
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death globally among infectious diseases that has killed more numbers of people than any other infectious diseases. Animal models have become the lynchpin for mimicking human infectious diseases. Research on TB could be facilitated by animal challenge models such as the guinea pig, mice, rabbit and non-human primates. No single model presents all aspects of disease pathogenesis due to considerable differences in disease resistance/susceptibility between these models. Availability of a wide range of animal strains, Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, route of infection and doses affect the disease progression and intervention outcome. Different animal models have contributed significantly to the drug and vaccine development, identification of biomarkers, understanding of TB immunopathogenesis and host genetic influence on infection. In this review, the commonly used animal models in TB research are discussed along with their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- ICMR-National JALMA Institute of Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Umesh D Gupta
- ICMR-National JALMA Institute of Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
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18
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SP110 Polymorphisms Are Genetic Markers for Vulnerability to Latent and Active Tuberculosis Infection in Taiwan. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:4687380. [PMID: 30627224 PMCID: PMC6304864 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4687380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One-fourth of the human population is estimated to have been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and carries the infection in its latent form. This latent infection presents a lifelong risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and persons with latent TB infection (LTBI) are significant contributors to the pool of active TB cases. Genetic polymorphisms among hosts have been shown to contribute to the outcome of Mtb infection. The SP110 gene, which encodes an interferon-induced nuclear protein, has been shown to control host innate immunity to Mtb infection. In this study, we provide experimental data demonstrating the ability of the gene to control genetic susceptibility to latent and active TB infection. Genetic variants of the SP110 gene were investigated in the Taiwanese population (including 301 pulmonary TB patients, 68 LTBI individuals, and 278 healthy household contacts of the TB patients), and their association with susceptibility to latent and active TB infection was examined by performing an association analysis in a case-control study. We identified several SNPs (rs7580900, rs7580912, rs9061, rs11556887, and rs2241525) in the SP110 gene that are associated with susceptibility to LTBI and/or TB disease. Our studies further showed that the same SNPs may have opposite effects on the control of susceptibility to LTBI versus TB. In addition, our analyses demonstrated that the SP110 rs9061 SNP was associated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels in plasma in LTBI subjects. The results suggest that the polymorphisms within SP110 have a role in controlling genetic susceptibility to latent and active TB infection in humans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the SP110 variants are associated with susceptibility to LTBI. Our study also demonstrated that the identified SP110 SNPs displayed the potential to predict the risk of LTBI and subsequent TB progression in Taiwan.
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19
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Dyatlov AV, Apt AS, Linge IA. B lymphocytes in anti-mycobacterial immune responses: Pathogenesis or protection? Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 114:1-8. [PMID: 30711147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of B cells and antibodies in tuberculosis (TB) immunity, protection and pathogenesis remain contradictory. The presence of organized B cell follicles close to active TB lesions in the lung tissue raises the question about the role of these cells in local host-pathogen interactions. In this short review, we summarize the state of our knowledge concerning phenotypes of B cells populating tuberculous lungs, their secretory activity, interactions with other immune cells and possible involvement in protective vs. pathogenic TB immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Dyatlov
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Apt
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia; Department of Immunology, School of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.
| | - Irina A Linge
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Agrawal N, Streata I, Pei G, Weiner J, Kotze L, Bandermann S, Lozza L, Walzl G, du Plessis N, Ioana M, Kaufmann SHE, Dorhoi A. Human Monocytic Suppressive Cells Promote Replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Alter Stability of in vitro Generated Granulomas. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2417. [PMID: 30405617 PMCID: PMC6205994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has tremendous public health relevance. It most frequently affects the lung and is characterized by the development of unique tissue lesions, termed granulomas. These lesions encompass various immune populations, with macrophages being most extensively investigated. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been recently identified in TB patients, both in the circulation and at the site of infection, however their interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and their impact on granulomas remain undefined. We generated human monocytic MDSCs and observed that their suppressive capacities are retained upon Mtb infection. We employed an in vitro granuloma model, which mimics human TB lesions to some extent, with the aim of analyzing the roles of MDSCs within granulomas. MDSCs altered the structure of and affected bacterial containment within granuloma-like structures. These effects were partly controlled through highly abundant secreted IL-10. Compared to macrophages, MDSCs activated primarily the NF-κB and MAPK pathways and the latter largely contributed to the release of IL-10 and replication of bacteria within in vitro generated granulomas. Moreover, MDSCs upregulated PD-L1 and suppressed proliferation of lymphocytes, albeit with negligible effects on Mtb replication. Further comprehensive characterization of MDSCs in TB will contribute to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitate the design of novel immune-based interventions for this deadly infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Agrawal
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Streata
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova, Romania
| | - Gang Pei
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leigh Kotze
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST and NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Silke Bandermann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Lozza
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST and NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST and NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Mihai Ioana
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova, Romania
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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21
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Smith D, Anderson D, Degryse AD, Bol C, Criado A, Ferrara A, Franco NH, Gyertyan I, Orellana JM, Ostergaard G, Varga O, Voipio HM. Classification and reporting of severity experienced by animals used in scientific procedures: FELASA/ECLAM/ESLAV Working Group report. Lab Anim 2018; 52:5-57. [PMID: 29359995 PMCID: PMC5987990 DOI: 10.1177/0023677217744587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Directive 2010/63/EU introduced requirements for the classification of the severity of procedures to be applied during the project authorisation process to use animals in scientific procedures and also to report actual severity experienced by each animal used in such procedures. These requirements offer opportunities during the design, conduct and reporting of procedures to consider the adverse effects of procedures and how these can be reduced to minimize the welfare consequences for the animals. Better recording and reporting of adverse effects should also help in highlighting priorities for refinement of future similar procedures and benchmarking good practice. Reporting of actual severity should help inform the public of the relative severity of different areas of scientific research and, over time, may show trends regarding refinement. Consistency of assignment of severity categories across Member States is a key requirement, particularly if re-use is considered, or the safeguard clause is to be invoked. The examples of severity classification given in Annex VIII are limited in number, and have little descriptive power to aid assignment. Additionally, the examples given often relate to the procedure and do not attempt to assess the outcome, such as adverse effects that may occur. The aim of this report is to deliver guidance on the assignment of severity, both prospectively and at the end of a procedure. A number of animal models, in current use, have been used to illustrate the severity assessment process from inception of the project, through monitoring during the course of the procedure to the final assessment of actual severity at the end of the procedure (Appendix 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Smith
- 1 FELASA, Federation for Laboratory Animal Science Associations, Eye, Suffolk, UK
| | | | | | - Carla Bol
- 4 Charles River Laboratories, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose M Orellana
- 9 Universidad de Alcala Campus, Universitario Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Qi H, Zhang YB, Sun L, Chen C, Xu B, Xu F, Liu JW, Liu JC, Chen C, Jiao WW, Shen C, Xiao J, Li JQ, Guo YJ, Wang YH, Li QJ, Yin QQ, Li YJ, Wang T, Wang XY, Gu ML, Yu J, Shen AD. Discovery of susceptibility loci associated with tuberculosis in Han Chinese. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4752-4763. [PMID: 29036319 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed the worldwide heterogeneity of genetic factors in tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Despite having the third highest global TB burden, no TB-related GWAS has been performed in China. Here, we performed the first three-stage GWAS on TB in the Han Chinese population. In the stage 1 (discovery stage), after quality control, 691 388 SNPs present in 972 TB patients and 1537 controls were retained. After replication on an additional 3460 TB patients and 4862 controls (stages 2 and 3), we identified three significant loci associated with TB, the most significant of which was rs4240897 (logistic regression P = 1.41 × 10-11, odds ratio = 0.79). The aforementioned three SNPs were harbored by MFN2, RGS12 and human leukocyte antigen class II beta chain paralogue encoding genes, all of which are candidate immune genes associated with TB. Our findings provide new insight into the genetic background of TB in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yong-Biao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Biao Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Public Health Sciences (Global Health/IHCAR), Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jia-Wen Liu
- Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Liu
- Tuberculosis Hospital of Shaanxi Province 710100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tuberculosis Hospital of Shaanxi Province 710100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ya-Jie Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Qin-Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Qing-Qin Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ying-Jia Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xing-Yun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Ming-Liang Gu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - A-Dong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
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23
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Larsen SE, Baldwin SL, Orr MT, Reese VA, Pecor T, Granger B, Dubois Cauwelaert N, Podell BK, Coler RN. Enhanced Anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immunity over Time with Combined Drug and Immunotherapy Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6020030. [PMID: 29795025 PMCID: PMC6027321 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This astounding statistic, in combination with costly and lengthy treatment regimens make the development of therapeutic vaccines paramount for controlling the global burden of tuberculosis. Unlike prophylactic vaccination, therapeutic immunization relies on the natural pulmonary infection with Mtb as the mucosal prime that directs boost responses back to the lung. The purpose of this work was to determine the protection and safety profile over time following therapeutic administration of our lead Mtb vaccine candidate, ID93 with a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion (GLA-SE)), in combination with rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide (RHZ) drug treatment. We assessed the host inflammatory immune responses and lung pathology 7–22 weeks post infection, and determined the therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment by enumeration of the bacterial load and survival in the SWR/J mouse model. We show that drug treatment alone, or with immunotherapy, tempered the inflammatory responses measured in brochoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma compared to untreated cohorts. RHZ combined with therapeutic immunizations significantly enhanced TH1-type cytokine responses in the lung over time, corresponding to decreased pulmonary pathology evidenced by a significant decrease in the percentage of lung lesions and destructive lung inflammation. These data suggest that bacterial burden assessment alone may miss important correlates of lung architecture that directly contribute to therapeutic vaccine efficacy in the preclinical mouse model. We also confirmed our previous finding that in combination with antibiotics therapeutic immunizations provide an additive survival advantage. Moreover, therapeutic immunizations with ID93/GLA-SE induced differential T cell immune responses over the course of infection that correlated with periods of enhanced bacterial control over that of drug treatment alone. Here we advance the immunotherapy model and investigate reliable correlates of protection and Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Larsen
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Susan L Baldwin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Valerie A Reese
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Brian Granger
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | | | - Brendan K Podell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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24
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Leu JS, Chang SY, Mu CY, Chen ML, Yan BS. Functional domains of SP110 that modulate its transcriptional regulatory function and cellular translocation. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:34. [PMID: 29642903 PMCID: PMC5894228 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SP110, an interferon-induced nuclear protein, belongs to the SP100/SP140 protein family. Very recently, we showed that SP110b, an SP110 isoform, controls host innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by regulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. However, it remains unclear how the structure of SP110 relates to its cellular functions. In this study, we provide experimental data illustrating the protein domains that are responsible for its functions. Methods We examined the effects of SP110 isoforms and a series of deletion mutants of SP110 on transcriptional regulation by luciferase reporter assays. We also employed confocal microscopy to determine the cellular distributions of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged SP110 isoforms and SP110 mutants. In addition, we performed immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analyses to identify the regions of SP110 that are responsible for protein interactions. Results Using reporter assays, we first demonstrated that SP110 isoforms have different regulatory effects on NF-κB-mediated transcription, supporting the notion that SP110 isoforms may have distinct cellular functions. Analysis of deletion mutants of SP110 showed that the interaction of the N-terminal fragment (amino acids 1–276) of SP110 with p50, a subunit of NF-κB, in the cytoplasm plays a crucial role in the down-regulation of the p50-driven tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) promoter activity in the nucleus, while the middle and C-terminal regions of SP110 localize it to various cellular compartments. Surprisingly, a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) that contains one monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) and one bipartite NLS was identified in the middle region of SP110. The identification of a cryptic NoLS in the SP110 suggests that although this protein forms nuclear speckles in the nucleoplasm, it may be directed into the nucleolus to carry out distinct functions under certain cellular conditions. Conclusions The findings from this study elucidating the multidomain structure of the SP110 not only identify functional domains of SP110 that are required for transcriptional regulation, cellular translocation, and protein interactions but also implicate that SP110 has additional functions through its unexpected activity in the nucleolus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-018-0434-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiun Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - So-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Mu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Shiun Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Abstract
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Current tuberculosis
(TB) drug development efforts are not sufficient
to end the global TB epidemic. Recent efforts have focused on the
development of whole-cell screening assays because biochemical, target-based
inhibitor screens during the last two decades have not delivered new
TB drugs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative
agent of TB, encounters diverse microenvironments and can be found
in a variety of metabolic states in the human host. Due to the complexity
and heterogeneity of Mtb infection, no single model can fully recapitulate
the in vivo conditions in which Mtb is found in TB patients, and there
is no single “standard” screening condition to generate
hit compounds for TB drug development. However, current screening
assays have become more sophisticated as researchers attempt to mirror
the complexity of TB disease in the laboratory. In this review, we
describe efforts using surrogates and engineered strains of Mtb to
focus screens on specific targets. We explain model culture systems
ranging from carbon starvation to hypoxia, and combinations thereof,
designed to represent the microenvironment which Mtb encounters in
the human body. We outline ongoing efforts to model Mtb infection
in the lung granuloma. We assess these different models, their ability
to generate hit compounds, and needs for further TB drug development,
to provide direction for future TB drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianao Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Nicole S Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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26
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Targeting neutrophils for host-directed therapy to treat tuberculosis. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:142-147. [PMID: 29055689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
M. tuberculosis is one of the prime killers from infectious diseases worldwide. Infections with multidrug-resistant variants counting for almost half a million new cases per year are steadily on the rise. Tuberculosis caused by extensively drug-resistant variants that are even resistant against newly developed or last resort antibiotics have to be considered untreaTable Susceptible tuberculosis already requires a six-months combinational therapy which requires further prolongation to treat drug-resistant infections. Such long treatment schedules are often accompanied by serious adverse effects causing patients to stop therapy. To tackle the global tuberculosis emergency, novel approaches for treatment need to be urgently explored. Host-directed therapies that target components of the defense system represent such a novel approach. In this review, we put a spotlight on neutrophils and neutrophil-associated effectors as promising targets for adjunct host-directed therapies to improve antibiotic efficacy and reduce both, treatment time and long-term pathological sequelae.
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27
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Apt AS, Logunova NN, Kondratieva TK. Host genetics in susceptibility to and severity of mycobacterial diseases. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 106:1-8. [PMID: 28802396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The genetic analysis of susceptibility to infections has proven to be extremely useful for identification of key cells, molecules, pathways, and genes involved in the battle between two genomes - the essence of the infectious process. This is particularly true for tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections which traditionally attracted much attention from both immunologists and geneticists. In this short review, we observe results of genetic studies performed in human populations and in animal models and compare relative input of forward and reverse genetic approaches in our knowledge about genetic control of and immune responses to mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Apt
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia; Department of Immunology, School of Biology, Moscow State M. V. Lomonosov University, Russia.
| | - N N Logunova
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
| | - T K Kondratieva
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Leu JS, Chen ML, Chang SY, Yu SL, Lin CW, Wang H, Chen WC, Chang CH, Wang JY, Lee LN, Yu CJ, Kramnik I, Yan BS. SP110b Controls Host Immunity and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:369-382. [PMID: 27858493 PMCID: PMC5328177 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201601-0103oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE How host genetic factors affect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection outcomes remains largely unknown. SP110b, an IFN-induced nuclear protein, is the nearest human homologue to the mouse Ipr1 protein that has been shown to control host innate immunity to Mtb infection. However, the function(s) of SP110b remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the role of SP110b in controlling host immunity and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB), as well as to identify the fundamental immunological and molecular mechanisms affected by SP110b. METHODS Using cell-based approaches and mouse models of Mtb infection, we characterized the function(s) of SP110b/Ipr1. We also performed genetic characterization of patients with TB to investigate the role of SP110 in controlling host susceptibility to TB. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SP110b modulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, resulting in downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and concomitant upregulation of NF-κB-induced antiapoptotic gene expression, thereby suppressing IFN-γ-mediated monocyte and/or macrophage cell death. After Mtb infection, TNF-α is also downregulated in Ipr1-expressing mice that have alleviated cell death, less severe necrotic lung lesions, more efficient Mtb growth control in the lungs, and longer survival. Moreover, genetic studies in patients suggest that SP110 plays a key role in modulating TB susceptibility in concert with NFκB1 and TNFα genes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SP110b plays a crucial role in shaping the inflammatory milieu that supports host protection during infection by fine-tuning NF-κB activity, suggesting that SP110b may serve as a potential target for host-directed therapy aimed at manipulating host immunity against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiun Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - So-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Wan-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | | | - Li-Na Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | | | - Igor Kramnik
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bo-Shiun Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
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29
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Characterization of promoter of the tuberculosis-resistant gene intracellular pathogen resistance 1. Immunol Res 2016; 64:143-54. [PMID: 26590945 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs and causes over 1.3 million people die annually. Variation in host genes is known to influence susceptibility to tuberculosis. Expression of the intracellular pathogen resistance 1 (Ipr1) gene could enhance the host resistance to mycobacterium. Here, we analyzed the coding region sequence and promoter of Ipr1 gene of mouse strains C57BL/6 and BALB/c. We found that the coding sequences of Ipr1 gene both in C57BL/6 and in BALB/c mice encode the same protein, while the Ipr1 promoter of BALB/c exists a short deletion and showed a slight of decreased transcriptional activity when compared with C57BL/6. Moreover, the optimal and minimal Ipr1 promoter was identified by luciferase assays using truncated reporter constructs, and the region from -293 to +95 bp showed the highest transcriptional activity and responsible for IFN-γ stimulation. Furthermore, the results showed that IFN-γ activates JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways to induce Ipr1 expression, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) are critical for IFN-γ-induced Ipr1 expression, because overexpression of Stat1 promotes Ipr1 transcription, but knockdown of Stat1 reduced Ipr1 expression. Collectively, for the first time, our study characterizes Ipr1 promoter and investigates the positive and negative regulation of Ipr1 expression, providing basic data for application of Ipr1 in animal breeding.
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30
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the immunological response to the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine are highly variable in humans. Deciphering the relative importance of host genetics, environment, and vaccine preparation for the efficacy of BCG has proven difficult in natural populations. We developed a model system that captures the breadth of immunological responses observed in outbred individual mice, which can be used to understand the contribution of host genetics to vaccine efficacy. This system employs a panel of highly diverse inbred mouse strains, consisting of the founders and recombinant progeny of the "Collaborative Cross" project. Unlike natural populations, the structure of this panel allows the serial evaluation of genetically identical individuals and the quantification of genotype-specific effects of interventions such as vaccination. When analyzed in the aggregate, our panel resembled natural populations in several important respects: the animals displayed a broad range of susceptibility to M. tuberculosis, differed in their immunological responses to infection, and were not durably protected by BCG vaccination. However, when analyzed at the genotype level, we found that these phenotypic differences were heritable. M. tuberculosis susceptibility varied between lines, from extreme sensitivity to progressive M. tuberculosis clearance. Similarly, only a minority of the genotypes was protected by vaccination. The efficacy of BCG was genetically separable from susceptibility to M. tuberculosis, and the lack of efficacy in the aggregate analysis was driven by nonresponsive lines that mounted a qualitatively distinct response to infection. These observations support an important role for host genetic diversity in determining BCG efficacy and provide a new resource to rationally develop more broadly efficacious vaccines. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) remains an urgent global health crisis, and the efficacy of the currently used TB vaccine, M. bovis BCG, is highly variable. The design of more broadly efficacious vaccines depends on understanding the factors that limit the protection imparted by BCG. While these complex factors are difficult to disentangle in natural populations, we used a model population of mice to understand the role of host genetic composition in BCG efficacy. We found that the ability of BCG to protect mice with different genotypes was remarkably variable. The efficacy of BCG did not depend on the intrinsic susceptibility of the animal but, instead, correlated with qualitative differences in the immune responses to the pathogen. These studies suggest that host genetic polymorphism is a critical determinant of vaccine efficacy and provide a model system to develop interventions that will be useful in genetically diverse populations.
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31
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Reeme AE, Robinson RT. Dietary Vitamin D3 Suppresses Pulmonary Immunopathology Associated with Late-Stage Tuberculosis in C3HeB/FeJ Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1293-304. [PMID: 26729807 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant human disease caused by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Left untreated, TB mortality is associated with a failure to resolve pulmonary immunopathology. There is currently widespread interest in using vitamin D3 (VitD3) as an adjunct therapy for TB because numerous in vitro studies have shown that VitD3 has direct and indirect mycobactericidal activities. However, to date, there have been no in vivo studies addressing whether VitD3 affects experimental TB outcome. In this study, we used C3HeB/FeJ mice to determine whether dietary VitD3 influences the outcome of experimental TB. We observed that although M. tuberculosis burdens did not differ between mice on a VitD3-replete diet (VitD(HI) mice) and mice on a VitD3-deficient diet (VitD(LO) mice), the inflammatory response in VitD(HI) mice was significantly attenuated relative to VitD(LO) controls. Specifically, the expression of multiple inflammatory pathways was reduced in the lungs at later disease stages as were splenocyte IL12/23p40 and IFN-γ levels following ex vivo restimulation. Dietary VitD3 also suppressed the accumulation of T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lung granulomatous regions while concomitantly accelerating the accumulation of F4/80(+) and Ly6C/Ly6G(+) lineages. The altered inflammatory profile of VitD(HI) mice also associated with reductions in pulmonary immunopathology. VitD receptor-deficient (vdr(-/-)) radiation bone marrow chimeras demonstrate that reductions in pulmonary TB immunopathology are dependent on hematopoietic VitD responsiveness. Collectively, our data support a model wherein the in vivo role of VitD3 during TB is not to promote M. tuberculosis killing but rather to function through hematopoietic cells to reduce M. tuberculosis-elicited immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Reeme
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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32
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Baer CE, Rubin EJ, Sassetti CM. New insights into TB physiology suggest untapped therapeutic opportunities. Immunol Rev 2015; 264:327-43. [PMID: 25703570 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current regimens used to treat tuberculosis are largely comprised of serendipitously discovered drugs that are combined based on clinical experience. Despite curing millions, these drug regimens are limited by the long course of therapy, the emergence of resistance, and the persistent tissue damage that remains after treatment. The last two decades have produced only a single new drug but have represented a renaissance in our understanding of the physiology of tuberculosis infection. The advent of mycobacterial genetics, sophisticated immunological methods, and imaging technologies have transformed our understanding of bacterial physiology as well as the contribution of the host response to disease outcome. Specific alterations in bacterial metabolism, heterogeneity in bacterial state, and drug penetration all limit the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy. This review summarizes these new biological insights and discusses strategies to exploit them for the rational development of more effective therapeutics. Three general strategies are discussed. First, our emerging insight into bacterial physiology suggests new pathways that might be targeted to accelerate therapy. Second, we explore whether the concept of genetic synergy can be used to design effective combination therapies. Finally, we outline possible approaches to modulate the host response to accentuate antibiotic efficacy. These biology-driven strategies promise to produce more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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33
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Evaluation of moxifloxacin-containing regimens in pathologically distinct murine tuberculosis models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4026-30. [PMID: 25918146 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00105-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recently concluded REMox-TB trial, two 4-month moxifloxacin-containing regimens did not meet the criteria for noninferiority compared to the current 6-month first-line regimen to treat tuberculosis (TB). Despite the disappointing result, this phase 3 clinical trial provides a rare opportunity to gauge the predictive accuracy of the nonclinical models used to support regimen development. In parallel with the REMox-TB trial, we compared the efficacy of the same three regimens against chronic TB infection in the commonly used BALB/c mouse strain and in C3HeB/FeJ mice, which have attracted recent interest as a nonclinical efficacy model because they develop caseous lung lesions which may better resemble human TB. In long-term treatment experiments at two institutions, using low-dose aerosol infection models with 6- to 8-week incubation periods in both mouse strains, control mice received rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (RHZE), and test mice received the same regimen with moxifloxacin replacing isoniazid (RMZE) or ethambutol (RHZM). Outcome measures were lung CFU counts during treatment and relapse after various durations of treatment. At both institutions and in both mouse strains, RMZE and RHZM reduced by approximately 1 month and 0 to 1 month, respectively, the treatment duration needed to produce the same relapse rate as RHZE. These results demonstrating generally similar treatment-shortening effects of the moxifloxacin-containing regimens in each mouse strain, with effect sizes consistent with the REMox-TB trial results, reinforce the predictive value of murine models for TB regimen development.
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Susceptibility to tuberculosis is associated with variants in the ASAP1 gene encoding a regulator of dendritic cell migration. Nat Genet 2015; 47:523-527. [PMID: 25774636 PMCID: PMC4414475 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human genetic factors predispose to tuberculosis (TB). We studied 7.6 million genetic variants in 5,530 pulmonary TB patients and 5,607 healthy controls. In the combined analysis of these subjects and the follow-up cohort (15,087 TB patients and controls altogether), we found association between TB and variants located in introns of the ASAP1 gene on chromosome 8q24 (P = 2.6 × 10−11 for rs4733781; P = 1.0 × 10−10 for rs10956514). Dendritic cells (DCs) showed high level of ASAP1 expression, which was reduced after M. tuberculosis infection, and rs10956514 was associated with the level of reduction of ASAP1 expression. The ASAP1 protein is involved in actin and membrane remodeling and has been associated with podosomes. The ASAP1-depleted DCs showed impaired matrix degradation and migration. Therefore, genetically determined excessive reduction of ASAP1 expression in M. tuberculosis-infected DCs may lead to their impaired migration, suggesting a potential novel mechanism that predisposes to TB.
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López Hernández Y, Yero D, Pinos-Rodríguez JM, Gibert I. Animals devoid of pulmonary system as infection models in the study of lung bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:38. [PMID: 25699030 PMCID: PMC4316775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological disease models can be difficult and costly to develop and use on a routine basis. Particularly, in vivo lung infection models performed to study lung pathologies use to be laborious, demand a great time and commonly are associated with ethical issues. When infections in experimental animals are used, they need to be refined, defined, and validated for their intended purpose. Therefore, alternative and easy to handle models of experimental infections are still needed to test the virulence of bacterial lung pathogens. Because non-mammalian models have less ethical and cost constraints as a subjects for experimentation, in some cases would be appropriated to include these models as valuable tools to explore host-pathogen interactions. Numerous scientific data have been argued to the more extensive use of several kinds of alternative models, such as, the vertebrate zebrafish (Danio rerio), and non-vertebrate insects and nematodes (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans) in the study of diverse infectious agents that affect humans. Here, we review the use of these vertebrate and non-vertebrate models in the study of bacterial agents, which are considered the principal causes of lung injury. Curiously none of these animals have a respiratory system as in air-breathing vertebrates, where respiration takes place in lungs. Despite this fact, with the present review we sought to provide elements in favor of the use of these alternative animal models of infection to reveal the molecular signatures of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamilé López Hernández
- Centro de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis de Potosí, Mexico
| | - Daniel Yero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Pinos-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis de Potosí, Mexico
| | - Isidre Gibert
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Kothari H, Keshava S, Vatsyayan R, Mackman N, Rao LVM, Pendurthi UR. Role of tissue factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced inflammation and disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114141. [PMID: 25462128 PMCID: PMC4252100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic lung infectious disease characterized by severe inflammation and lung granulomatous lesion formation. Clinical manifestations of TB include hypercoagulable states and thrombotic complications. We previously showed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection induces tissue factor (TF) expression in macrophages in vitro. TF plays a key role in coagulation and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the role of TF in M.tb-induced inflammatory responses, mycobacterial growth in the lung and dissemination to other organs. Wild-type C57BL/6 and transgenic mice expressing human TF, either very low levels (low TF) or near to the level of wild-type (HTF), in place of murine TF were infected with M.tb via aerosol exposure. Levels of TF expression, proinflammatory cytokines and thrombin-antithrombin complexes were measured post M.tb infection and mycobacterial burden in the tissue homogenates were evaluated. Our results showed that M.tb infection did not increase the overall TF expression in lungs. However, macrophages in the granulomatous lung lesions in all M.tb-infected mice, including low TF mice, showed increased levels of TF expression. Conspicuous fibrin deposition in the granuloma was detected in wild-type and HTF mice but not in low TF mice. M.tb infection significantly increased expression levels of cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1ß in lung tissues. However, no significant differences were found in proinflammatory cytokines among the three experimental groups. Mycobacterial burden in lungs and dissemination into spleen and liver were essentially similar in all three genotypes. Our data indicate, in contrast to that observed in acute bacterial infections, that TF-mediated coagulation and/or signaling does not appear to contribute to the host-defense in experimental tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kothari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LVMR); (HK)
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, United States of America
| | - Rit Vatsyayan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, United States of America
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC 27599, United States of America
| | - L. Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LVMR); (HK)
| | - Usha R. Pendurthi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, United States of America
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Kumar N, Vishwas K, Kumar M, Reddy J, Parab M, Manikanth C, Pavithra B, Shandil R. Pharmacokinetics and dose response of anti-TB drugs in rat infection model of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 94:282-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kager LM, Runge JH, Nederveen AJ, Roelofs JJTH, Stoker J, Maas M, van der Poll T. A new murine model to study musculoskeletal tuberculosis (short communication). Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 94:306-10. [PMID: 24572169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) is a severe extrapulmonary manifestation of chronic Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis infection. Considering increasing incidence, multi-drug resistance and associated treatment difficulties, more preclinical research is needed. In this study we developed a murine model for musculoskeletal TB. Mice, intranasally infected with M. tuberculosis, were sacrificed after ten months. Mycobacterial growth was detected in lung and femur homogenates. Ziehl-Neelsen staining of paraffin-embedded femurs showed acid-fast rods in the myelum and Magnetic Resonance Imaging demonstrated osteomyelitis and macronodular tuberculomas. This new murine model of musculoskeletal TB might be of value to further investigate immunologic and radiologic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth M Kager
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jurgen H Runge
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Sulfolipid-1, a tetra-acylated sulfotrehalose from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was isolated over 40 years ago. Being a main component of the mycomembrane of M. tuberculosis, its biosynthesis and function have been studied in depth, but the chemical synthesis of sulfolipid-1 has not been reported. The synthesis presented here is based on iterative catalytic asymmetric conjugate additions of methylmagnesium bromide for the preparation of the phthioceranic and hydroxyphthioceranic acid side chains, a double regioselective reductive ring-opening and a fivefold deprotection in the final step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Geerdink
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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40
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Animal Models of Tuberculosis. Anim Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416002-6.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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O'Garra A, Redford PS, McNab FW, Bloom CI, Wilkinson RJ, Berry MPR. The immune response in tuberculosis. Annu Rev Immunol 2013; 31:475-527. [PMID: 23516984 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 898] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are 9 million cases of active tuberculosis reported annually; however, an estimated one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains asymptomatic. Of these latent individuals, only 5-10% will develop active tuberculosis disease in their lifetime. CD4(+) T cells, as well as the cytokines IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF, are critical in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but the host factors that determine why some individuals are protected from infection while others go on to develop disease are unclear. Genetic factors of the host and of the pathogen itself may be associated with an increased risk of patients developing active tuberculosis. This review aims to summarize what we know about the immune response in tuberculosis, in human disease, and in a range of experimental models, all of which are essential to advancing our mechanistic knowledge base of the host-pathogen interactions that influence disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne O'Garra
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, UK.
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42
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Nikonenko BV, Apt AS. Drug testing in mouse models of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:285-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bowdish DM, Sakamoto K, Lack NA, Hill PC, Sirugo G, Newport MJ, Gordon S, Hill AV, Vannberg FO. Genetic variants of MARCO are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in a Gambian population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:47. [PMID: 23617307 PMCID: PMC3652798 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two major class A scavenger receptors are scavenger receptor A (SRA), which is constitutively expressed on most macrophage populations, and macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), which is constitutively expressed on a more restricted subset of macrophages, (e.g. alveolar macrophages) but whose expression increases on most macrophages during the course of infection. Although the primary role of SRA appears to be clearance of modified host proteins and lipids, mice defective in expression of either MARCO or SRA are immunocompromised in multiple models of infection and in vitro assays, the scavenger receptors have been demonstrated to bind bacteria and to enhance pro-inflammatory signalling to many bacterial lung pathogens; however their importance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, is less clear. METHODS To determine whether polymorphisms in either SRA or MARCO were associated with tuberculosis, a case-control study of was performed. DNA samples from newly-detected, smear-positive, pulmonary tuberculosis cases were collected from The Gambia. Controls for this study consisted of DNA from cord bloods obtained from routine births at local Gambian health clinics. Informed written consent was obtained from patients or their parents or guardians. Ethical approval was provided by the joint The Gambian Government/MRC Joint Ethics Committee. RESULTS We studied the frequencies of 25 polymorphisms of MSR1 (SRA) and 22 in MARCO in individuals with tuberculosis (n=1284) and matched controls (n=1349). No SNPs within the gene encoding or within 1 kb of the promoter sequence of MSR1 were associated with either susceptibility or resistance to tuberculosis. Three SNPs in MARCO (rs4491733, Mantel-Haenszel 2x2 χ2 = 6.5, p = 0.001, rs12998782, Mantel-Haenszel 2x2 χ2 = 6.59, p = 0.001, rs13389814 Mantel-Haenszel 2x2 χ2 = 6.9, p = 0.0009) were associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis and one (rs7559955, Mantel-Haenszel 2x2 χ2 = 6.9, p = 0.0009) was associated with resistance to tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify MARCO as a potentially important receptor in the host response to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Me Bowdish
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Identification of genetic associations of SP110/MYBBP1A/RELA with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Chinese Han population. Hum Genet 2012; 132:265-73. [PMID: 23129390 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors play important roles in the development of tuberculosis (TB). SP110 is a promising candidate target for controlling TB infections. However, several studies associating SP110 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with TB have yielded conflicting results. This may be partly resolved by studying other genes associated with SP110, such as MYBBP1A and RELA. Here, we genotyped 6 SP110 SNPs, 8 MYBBP1A SNPs and 5 RELA SNPs in 702 Chinese pulmonary TB patients and 425 healthy subjects using MassARRAY and SNaPshot methods. Using SNP-based analysis with Bonferroni correction, rs3809849 in MYBBP1A [Pcorrected (cor) = 0.0038] and rs9061 in SP110 (Pcor = 0.019) were found to be significantly associated with TB. Furthermore, meta-analysis of rs9061 in East Asian populations showed that the rs9061 T allele conferred significant risk for TB [P = 0.002, pooled odds ratio (OR), 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.43]. The MYBBP1A GTCTTGGG haplotype and haplotypes CGACCG/TGATTG within SP110 were found to be markedly and significantly associated with TB (P = 2.00E-06, 5.00E-6 and 2.59E-4, respectively). Gene-based analysis also demonstrated that SP110 and MYBBP1A were each associated with TB (Pcor = 0.011 and 0.035, respectively). The logistic regression analysis results supported interactions between SP110 and MYBBP1A, indicating that subjects carrying a GC/CC genotype in MYBBP1A and CC genotype in SP110 possessed the high risk of developing TB (P = 1.74E-12). Our study suggests that a combination of SP110 and MYBBP1A gene polymorphisms may serve as a novel marker for identifying the risk of developing TB in the Chinese Han population.
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Franco NH, Correia-Neves M, Olsson IAS. Animal welfare in studies on murine tuberculosis: assessing progress over a 12-year period and the need for further improvement. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47723. [PMID: 23110093 PMCID: PMC3482232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern over the welfare of animals used in research, in particular when these animals develop pathology. The present study aims to identify the main sources of animal distress and to assess the possible implementation of refinement measures in experimental infection research, using mouse models of tuberculosis (TB) as a case study. This choice is based on the historical relevance of mouse studies in understanding the disease and the present and long-standing impact of TB on a global scale. Literature published between 1997 and 2009 was analysed, focusing on the welfare impact on the animals used and the implementation of refinement measures to reduce this impact. In this 12-year period, we observed a rise in reports of ethical approval of experiments. The proportion of studies classified into the most severe category did however not change significantly over the studied period. Information on important research parameters, such as method for euthanasia or sex of the animals, were absent in a substantial number of papers. Overall, this study shows that progress has been made in the application of humane endpoints in TB research, but that a considerable potential for improvement remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Henrique Franco
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory Animal Science Group, University of Porto, Portugal.
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46
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Pitt JM, Stavropoulos E, Redford PS, Beebe AM, Bancroft GJ, Young DB, O’Garra A. Blockade of IL-10 signaling during bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances and sustains Th1, Th17, and innate lymphoid IFN-γ and IL-17 responses and increases protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 189:4079-87. [PMID: 22972927 PMCID: PMC3467194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only prophylactic vaccine against tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but gives variable protection against pulmonary disease. The generation of host Th1 responses following BCG vaccination is accepted as the major mechanism of protection against M. tuberculosis infection. Early production of IL-17 in the lungs following M. tuberculosis challenge of mice previously vaccinated with M. tuberculosis peptides in adjuvant has been shown to be required for efficient Th1 cell recruitment. IL-10 regulates various processes involved in generation of Th1 and Th17 responses. Previous studies have shown IL-10 as a negative regulator of the immune response to primary M. tuberculosis infection, with Il10(-/-) mice having reduced lung bacterial loads. In this study we show that inhibition of IL-10 signaling during BCG vaccination enhances host-generated Ag-specific IFN-γ and IL-17A responses, and that this regimen gives significantly greater protection against aerogenic M. tuberculosis challenge in both susceptible and relatively resistant strains of mice. In M. tuberculosis-susceptible CBA/J mice, Ab blockade of IL-10R specifically during BCG vaccination resulted in additional protection against M. tuberculosis challenge of >1-log(10) compared with equivalent isotype-treated controls. The protection observed following BCG vaccination concurrent with anti-IL-10R mAb treatment was sustained through chronic M. tuberculosis infection and correlated with enhanced lung Th1 and Th17 responses and increased IFN-γ and IL-17A production by γδ T cells and an innate-like Thy1.2(+)CD3(-) lymphoid population. We show that IL-10 inhibits optimal BCG-elicited protection, therefore suggesting that antagonists of IL-10 may be of great benefit as adjuvants in preventive vaccination against tuberculosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- Benzamides
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Interleukin-10/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-10/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/microbiology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Pitt
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Stavropoulos
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Paul S. Redford
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | | | - Gregory J. Bancroft
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Douglas B. Young
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Anne O’Garra
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
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Zelmer A, Carroll P, Andreu N, Hagens K, Mahlo J, Redinger N, Robertson BD, Wiles S, Ward TH, Parish T, Ripoll J, Bancroft GJ, Schaible UE. A new in vivo model to test anti-tuberculosis drugs using fluorescence imaging. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:1948-60. [PMID: 22635525 PMCID: PMC3394442 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current method for testing new drugs against tuberculosis in vivo is the enumeration of bacteria in organs by cfu assay. Owing to the slow growth rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), these assays can take months to complete. Our aim was to develop a more efficient, fluorescence-based imaging assay to test new antibiotics in a mouse model using Mtb reporter strains. METHODS A commercial IVIS Kinetic® system and a custom-built laser scanning system with fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) capability were used to detect fluorescent Mtb in living mice and lungs ex vivo. The resulting images were analysed and the fluorescence was correlated with data from cfu assays. RESULTS We have shown that fluorescent Mtb can be visualized in the lungs of living mice at a detection limit of ∼8 × 10⁷ cfu/lung, whilst in lungs ex vivo a detection limit of ∼2 × 10⁵ cfu/lung was found. These numbers were comparable between the two imaging systems. Ex vivo lung fluorescence correlated to numbers of bacteria in tissue, and the effect of treatment of mice with the antibiotic moxifloxacin could be visualized and quantified after only 9 days through fluorescence measurements, and was confirmed by cfu assays. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a new and efficient method for anti-tuberculosis drug testing in vivo, based on fluorescent Mtb reporter strains. Using this method instead of, or together with, cfu assays will reduce the time required to assess the preclinical efficacy of new drugs in animal models and enhance the progress of these candidates into clinical trials against human tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zelmer
- Immunology and Infection Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul Carroll
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Nuria Andreu
- Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kristine Hagens
- Cellular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Infection Research, Research Centre Borstel, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Mahlo
- Cellular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Infection Research, Research Centre Borstel, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Natalja Redinger
- Cellular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Infection Research, Research Centre Borstel, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Brian D. Robertson
- Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Siouxsie Wiles
- Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Theresa H. Ward
- Immunology and Infection Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Tanya Parish
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1124 Columbia St., Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, PO Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Gregory J. Bancroft
- Immunology and Infection Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ulrich E. Schaible
- Immunology and Infection Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Cellular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Infection Research, Research Centre Borstel, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany
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48
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Duparc S, Lanza C, Ubben D, Borghini-Fuhrer I, Kellam L. Optimal dose finding for novel antimalarial combination therapy. Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17:409-13. [PMID: 22394082 PMCID: PMC3380562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.02963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recent discussion meeting convened by the Medicines for Malaria Venture examined how best to manage the discovery and preclinical pipeline to achieve novel combination therapies which would address the key clinical needs in malaria. It became clear that dose optimisation of components within combination therapy was a key issue in achieving antimalarial efficacy and for preserving that efficacy against parasite resistance emergence. This paper outlines some of the specific issues in malaria that cause dose-ranging and dose-optimisation studies to be particularly challenging and discusses the potential of factorial study design to address such challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duparc
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland.
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49
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Abstract
Relevance and accuracy of experimental mouse models of tuberculosis (TB) are the subject of constant debate. This article briefly reviews genetic aspects of this problem and provides a few examples of mycobacterial diseases with similar or identical genetic control in mice and humans. The two species display more similarities than differences regarding both genetics of susceptibility/severity of mycobacterial diseases and the networks of protective and pathological immune reactions. In the opinion of the author, refined mouse models of mycobacterial diseases are extremely useful for modelling the corresponding human conditions, if genetic diversity is taken into account.
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50
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Cai L, Pan H, Trzciński K, Thompson CM, Wu Q, Kramnik I. MYBBP1A: a new Ipr1's binding protein in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3863-8. [PMID: 20221700 PMCID: PMC3084015 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) can cause different outcomes in hosts with variant genetic backgrounds. Previously, we identified an intracellular pathogen resistance 1 (Ipr1) gene with the role of resistance of MTB infection in mice model. However, until now, its binding proteins have been little known even for its human homology, SP110. In this study, the homology for mouse Ipr1 in canines was found to have an extra domain structure, h.1.5.1. And 30 potential candidate proteins were predicted to bind canine Ipr1, which were characterized of the interacting structure with the h.1.5.1. Among them, MYBBP1A was verified to bind with both Ipr1 and eGFP-Ipr1 in mouse macrophage J774A.1 clone 21 cells using co-immunoprecipitation method. And with the constructed high-confidence Ipr1-involved network, we suggested that Ipr1 might be involved in apoptosis pathway via MYBBP1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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