1
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Han H, Wang Z, Li T, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Yang N, Wang X, Wang J. Recent progress of bacterial FtsZ inhibitors with a focus on peptides. FEBS J 2020; 288:1091-1106. [PMID: 32681661 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the rise of antibiotic resistance has become a primary health problem. With the emergence of bacterial resistance, the need to explore and develop novel antibacterial drugs has become increasingly urgent. Filamentous temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ), a crucial cell division protein of bacteria, has become a vital antibacterial target. FtsZ is a filamentous GTPase; it is highly conserved in bacteria and shares less than 20% sequence identity with the eukaryotic cytoskeleton protein tubulin, indicating that FtsZ-targeting antibacterial agents may have a low cytotoxicity toward eukaryotes. FtsZ can form a dynamic Z-ring in the center of the cell resulting in cell division. Furthermore, disturbance in the assembly of FtsZ may affect cellular dynamics and bacterial cell survival, making it a fascinating target for drug development. This review focuses on the recent discovery of FtsZ inhibitors, including peptides, natural products, and other synthetic small molecules, as well as their mechanism of action, which could facilitate the discovery of novel FtsZ-targeting clinical drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Han
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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2
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Benzimidazoquinazolines as new potent anti-TB chemotypes: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Silber N, Matos de Opitz CL, Mayer C, Sass P. Cell division protein FtsZ: from structure and mechanism to antibiotic target. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:801-831. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to virtually all clinically applied antibiotic classes severely limits the available options to treat bacterial infections. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop and evaluate new antibiotics and targets with resistance-breaking properties. Bacterial cell division has emerged as a new antibiotic target pathway to counteract multidrug-resistant pathogens. New approaches in antibiotic discovery and bacterial cell biology helped to identify compounds that either directly interact with the major cell division protein FtsZ, thereby perturbing the function and dynamics of the cell division machinery, or affect the structural integrity of FtsZ by inducing its degradation. The impressive antimicrobial activities and resistance-breaking properties of certain compounds validate the inhibition of bacterial cell division as a promising strategy for antibiotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Silber
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology & Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Cruz L Matos de Opitz
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology & Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Christian Mayer
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology & Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Peter Sass
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology & Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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4
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Veale CGL. Unpacking the Pathogen Box-An Open Source Tool for Fighting Neglected Tropical Disease. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:386-453. [PMID: 30614200 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Pathogen Box is a 400-strong collection of drug-like compounds, selected for their potential against several of the world's most important neglected tropical diseases, including trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue virus and trichuriasis, in addition to malaria and tuberculosis. This library represents an ensemble of numerous successful drug discovery programmes from around the globe, aimed at providing a powerful resource to stimulate open source drug discovery for diseases threatening the most vulnerable communities in the world. This review seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the literature pertaining to the compounds in the Pathogen Box, including structure-activity relationship highlights, mechanisms of action, related compounds with reported activity against different diseases, and, where appropriate, discussion on the known and putative targets of compounds, thereby providing context and increasing the accessibility of the Pathogen Box to the drug discovery community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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5
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Surineni G, Gao Y, Hussain M, Liu Z, Lu Z, Chhotaray C, Islam MM, Hameed HMA, Zhang T. Design, synthesis, and in vitro biological evaluation of novel benzimidazole tethered allylidenehydrazinylmethylthiazole derivatives as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:49-60. [PMID: 30774854 PMCID: PMC6349066 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00389k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has become one of the most significant public health problems in recent years. Antibiotic therapy remains the mainstay of TB control strategies, but the increasing resistance of mycobacterial species has heightened alarm, requiring the development of novel drugs in order to improve treatment outcomes. Here, as an effort to identify novel and effective antitubercular agents, we designed and synthesized a series of novel substituted benzimidazolallylidenehydrazinylmethylthiazole derivatives via a multi-component molecular hybridization approach with single molecular architecture. Our design strategy involved assembling the antitubercular pharmacophoric fragments benzimidazole, 2-aminothiazole and substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones via condensation reactions. All the newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized via NMR and mass spectral data and evaluated for in vitro biological activity against the H37Ra strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From the biological evaluation data, we identified some effective compounds, of which 8g and 7e were the most active ones (both having MIC values of 2.5 μg mL-1). In addition, compound 8g exhibited a lower cytotoxicity profile. We conceive that compound 8g may serve as a chemical probe of interest for further lead optimization studies with the general aim of developing novel and effective antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Surineni
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Guangzhou-510530 , China . ; ; Tel: (+86)20 3201 5270
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Yamin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Guangzhou-510530 , China . ; ; Tel: (+86)20 3201 5270
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Muzammal Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Guangzhou-510530 , China . ; ; Tel: (+86)20 3201 5270
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Guangzhou-510530 , China . ; ; Tel: (+86)20 3201 5270
| | - Zhili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Guangzhou-510530 , China . ; ; Tel: (+86)20 3201 5270
| | - Chiranjibi Chhotaray
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Guangzhou-510530 , China . ; ; Tel: (+86)20 3201 5270
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Md Mahmudul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Guangzhou-510530 , China . ; ; Tel: (+86)20 3201 5270
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - H M Adnan Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Guangzhou-510530 , China . ; ; Tel: (+86)20 3201 5270
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH) , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Guangzhou-510530 , China . ; ; Tel: (+86)20 3201 5270
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing , China
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6
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Tanner L, Denti P, Wiesner L, Warner DF. Drug permeation and metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Prioritising local exposure as essential criterion in new TB drug development. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:926-937. [PMID: 29934964 PMCID: PMC6129860 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs possess diverse abilities to penetrate the different host tissues and cell types in which infecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli are located during active disease. This is important since there is increasing evidence that the respective "lesion-penetrating" properties of the front-line TB drugs appear to correlate well with their specific activity in standard combination therapy. In turn, these observations suggest that rational efforts to discover novel treatment-shortening drugs and drug combinations should incorporate knowledge about the comparative abilities of both existing and experimental anti-TB agents to access bacilli in defined physiological states at different sites of infection, as well as avoid elimination by efflux or inactivation by host or bacterial metabolism. However, while there is a fundamental requirement to understand the mode of action and pharmacological properties of any current or experimental anti-TB agent within the context of the obligate human host, this is complex and, until recently, has been severely limited by the available methodologies and models. Here, we discuss advances in analytical models and technologies which have enabled investigations of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) for new TB drug development. In particular, we consider the potential to shift the focus of traditional pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses away from plasma to a more specific "site of action" drug exposure as an essential criterion for drug development and the design of dosing strategies. Moreover, in summarising approaches to determine DMPK data for the "unit of infection" comprising host macrophage and intracellular bacillus, we evaluate the potential benefits of including these analyses at an early stage in the preclinical drug development algorithm. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(9):926-937, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Paolo Denti
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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7
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Chaturvedi AK, Verma AK, Thakur JP, Roy S, Bhushan Tripathi S, Kumar BS, Khwaja S, Sachan NK, Sharma A, Chanda D, Shanker K, Saikia D, Negi AS. A novel synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazoles in molecular sieves-MeOH system and their antitubercular activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4551-4559. [PMID: 30097361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arylbenzimidazoles have been synthesized as antimycobacterial agents. An efficient synthesis has been developed for 2-arylbenzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamines and aromatic aldehydes in molecular sieves-methanol system. The methodology is straightforward to get 2-arylbenzimidazoles (3a-3z) in excellent yields with high chemoselectivity over 2-aryl-1-benzylbenzimidazoles (4a-4z). All these benzimidazole analogues were evaluated against M. tuberculosis in BACTEC radiometric assay. The compounds 4y and 4z exhibited potential antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37RV, MIC at 16 µM and 24 µM respectively. The best compound of the series i.e. compound 4y was well tolerated by Swiss-albino mice in acute oral toxicity. Compound 4y possessing a diarylbenzimidazole core, can further be optimized for better activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Chaturvedi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Jay Prakash Thakur
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Sudeep Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology Technická 12, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shashi Bhushan Tripathi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Balagani Sathish Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Sadiya Khwaja
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Naresh K Sachan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India
| | - Dharmendra Saikia
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India.
| | - Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, U.P., India.
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8
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Identification of TB-E12 as a novel FtsZ inhibitor with anti-tuberculosis activity. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 110:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Ojima I, Awasthi D, Wei L, Haranahalli K. Strategic incorporation of fluorine in the drug discovery of new-generation antitubercular agents targeting bacterial cell division protein FtsZ. J Fluor Chem 2017; 196:44-56. [PMID: 28555087 PMCID: PMC5445929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an account of our research on the discovery and development of new-generation fluorine-containing antibacterial agents against drug-resistant tuberculosis, targeting FtsZ. FtsZ is an essential protein for bacterial cell division and a highly promising therapeutic target for antibacterial drug discovery. Through design, synthesis and semi-HTP screening of libraries of novel benzimidazoles, followed by SAR studies, we identified highly potent lead compounds. However, these lead compounds were found to lack sufficient metabolic and plasma stabilities. Accordingly, we have performed extensive study on the strategic incorporation of fluorine into lead compounds to improve pharmacological properties. This study has led to the development of highly efficacious fluorine-containing benzimidazoles as potential drug candidates. We have also performed computational docking analysis of these novel FtsZ inhibitors to identify their putative binding site. Based on the structural data and docking analysis, a plausible mode-of-action for this novel class of FtsZ inhibitors is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University—State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University—State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Divya Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University—State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University—State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Longfei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University—State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Krupanandan Haranahalli
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University—State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
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10
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Thanna S, Goins CM, Knudson SE, Slayden RA, Ronning DR, Sucheck SJ. Thermal and Photoinduced Copper-Promoted C-Se Bond Formation: Synthesis of 2-Alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones and Evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3844-3854. [PMID: 28273423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
2-Alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones, represented by ebselen (1a), are being studied intensively for a range of medicinal applications. We describe both a new thermal and photoinduced copper-mediated cross-coupling between potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN) and N-substituted ortho-halobenzamides to form 2-alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones containing a C-Se-N bond. The copper ligand (1,10-phenanthroline) facilitates C-Se bond formation during heating via a mechanism that likely involves atom transfer (AT), whereas, in the absence of ligand, photoinduced activation likely proceeds through a single electron transfer (SET) mechanism. A library of 15 2-alkyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones was prepared. One member of the library was azide-containing derivative 1j that was competent to undergo a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The library was evaluated for inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth and Mtb Antigen 85C (Mtb Ag85C) activity. Compound 1f was most potent with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μg/mL and an Mtb Ag85C apparent IC50 of 8.8 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Thanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Christopher M Goins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Susan E Knudson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Richard A Slayden
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Donald R Ronning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Steven J Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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11
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Nandha B, Nargund LG, Nargund SL, Bhat K. Design and Synthesis of Some Novel Fluorobenzimidazoles Substituted with Structural Motifs Present in Physiologically Active Natural Products for Antitubercular Activity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2017; 16:929-942. [PMID: 29201084 PMCID: PMC5610749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Keeping in view the drawbacks associated with research on anti-TB drugs based on plant extracts and the non-availability of fluorinated natural products with antitubercular activity has prompted us to make an effort towards the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of fifteen substituted fluorobenzimidazoles. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by I.R, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds 4(a-f) and 5(b-j) have been evaluated for their in-vitro antimycobacterial activity against H37Rv strain (ATCC 27294) by MABA method. Incorporation of methylenedioxyphenyl moiety at 2- and 6-position of the benzimidazole ring furnished compounds 4d and 5i with antitubercular activity comparable or more potent than the naturally occurring compounds with reported antitubercular activity. Among the fifteen tested compounds, 4d and 5i emerged as promising hits characterized by MIC lower than that determined for sesamin against the pathogenic H37Rv strain. Antitubercular activity results indicate that these compounds may be suitable for further lead optimization. The cytotoxic effect of these active compounds on THP-1 cell line was assessed by MTT assay and the results suggest that these two molecules are potential candidates for further development as antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangalore Nandha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore-560055, Karnataka, India.,Corresponding author: E-mail: *
| | - Laxmivenkatesh Gurachar Nargund
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nargund College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore-560085, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shachindra Laxmivenkatesh Nargund
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nargund College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore-560085, Karnataka, India.
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Maratha Mandalʹs NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belgaum-590010, Karnataka, India.
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12
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Haranahalli K, Tong S, Ojima I. Recent advances in the discovery and development of antibacterial agents targeting the cell-division protein FtsZ. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6354-6369. [PMID: 27189886 PMCID: PMC5157688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, there is a dire need for new drug targets for antibacterial drug discovery and development. Filamentous temperature sensitive protein Z (FtsZ), is a GTP-dependent prokaryotic cell division protein, sharing less than 10% sequence identity with the eukaryotic cell division protein, tubulin. FtsZ forms a dynamic Z-ring in the middle of the cell, leading to septation and subsequent cell division. Inhibition of the Z-ring blocks cell division, thus making FtsZ a highly attractive target. Various groups have been working on natural products and synthetic small molecules as inhibitors of FtsZ. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of FtsZ inhibitors, focusing on those in the last 5years, but also includes significant findings in previous years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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13
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Knudson SE, Cummings JE, Bommineni GR, Pan P, Tonge PJ, Slayden RA. Formulation studies of InhA inhibitors and combination therapy to improve efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101:8-14. [PMID: 27865404 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, structure-based drug design was used to develop substituted diphenyl ethers with potency against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA), however, the highly lipophilic centroid compound, SB-PT004, lacked sufficient efficacy in the acute murine Mtb infection model. A next generation series of compounds were designed with improved specificity, potency against InhA, and reduced cytotoxicity in vitro, but these compounds also had limited solubility. Accordingly, solubility and pharmacokinetics studies were performed to develop formulations for this class and other experimental drug candidates with high logP values often encountered in drug discovery. Lead diphenyl ethers were formulated in co-solvent and Self-Dispersing Lipid Formulations (SDLFs) and evaluated in a rapid murine Mtb infection model that assesses dissemination to and bacterial burden in the spleen. In vitro synergy studies were performed with the lead diphenyl ether compounds, SB-PT070 and SB-PT091, and rifampin (RIF), which demonstrated an additive effect, and that guided the in vivo studies. Combinatorial therapy in vivo studies with these compounds delivered in our Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) resulted in an additional 1.4 log10 CFU reduction in the spleen of animals co-treated with SB-PT091 and RIF and an additional 1.7 log10 reduction in the spleen with animals treated with both SB-PT070 and RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Knudson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jason E Cummings
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gopal R Bommineni
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pan Pan
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Tonge
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Slayden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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14
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Exploring the possible binding mode of trisubstituted benzimidazoles analogues in silico for novel drug designtargeting Mtb FtsZ. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Thanna S, Knudson SE, Grzegorzewicz A, Kapil S, Goins CM, Ronning DR, Jackson M, Slayden RA, Sucheck SJ. Synthesis and evaluation of new 2-aminothiophenes against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6119-6133. [PMID: 27251120 PMCID: PMC4918453 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00821f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and its drug resistant forms kills more people than any other infectious disease. This fact emphasizes the need to identify new drugs to treat TB. 2-Aminothiophenes (2AT) have been reported to inhibit Pks13, a validated anti-TB drug target. We synthesized a library of 42 2AT compounds. Among these, compound 33 showed remarkable potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37RV (MIC = 0.23 μM) and showed an impressive potency (MIC = 0.20-0.44 μM) against Mtb strains resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin and fluoroquinolones. The site of action for the compound 33 is presumed to be Pks13 or an earlier enzyme in the mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway. This inference is based on structural similarity of the compound 33 with known Pks13 inhibitors, which is corroborated by mycolic acid biosynthesis studies showing that the compound strongly inhibits the biosynthesis of all forms of mycolic acid in Mtb. In summary, these studies suggest 33 represents a promising anti-TB lead that exhibits activity well below toxicity to human monocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Thanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, USA 43606
| | - Susan E. Knudson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Anna Grzegorzewicz
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Sunayana Kapil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, USA 43606
| | - Christopher M. Goins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, USA 43606
| | - Donald R. Ronning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, USA 43606
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Richard A. Slayden
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Steven J. Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, USA 43606
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16
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Hurley KA, Santos TMA, Nepomuceno GM, Huynh V, Shaw JT, Weibel DB. Targeting the Bacterial Division Protein FtsZ. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6975-98. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Hurley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Thiago M. A. Santos
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gabriella M. Nepomuceno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Valerie Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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17
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Abstract
Traditionally eukaryotes exclusive cytoskeleton has been found in bacteria and other prokaryotes. FtsZ, MreB and CreS are bacterial counterpart of eukaryotic tubulin, actin filaments and intermediate filaments, respectively. FtsZ can assemble to a Z-ring at the cell division site, regulate bacterial cell division; MreB can form helical structure, and involve in maintaining cell shape, regulating chromosome segregation; CreS, found in Caulobacter crescentus (C. crescentus), can form curve or helical filaments in intracellular membrane. CreS is crucial for cell morphology maintenance. There are also some prokaryotic unique cytoskeleton components playing crucial roles in cell division, chromosome segregation and cell morphology. The cytoskeleton components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), together with their dynamics during exposure to antibiotics are summarized in this article to provide insights into the unique organization of this formidable pathogen and druggable targets for new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- a Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Longxiang Xie
- a Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Hongping Luo
- a Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jianping Xie
- a Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
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18
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Ray S, Jindal B, Kunal K, Surolia A, Panda D. BT-benzo-29 inhibits bacterial cell proliferation by perturbing FtsZ assembly. FEBS J 2015; 282:4015-33. [PMID: 26258635 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a potent antibacterial agent N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4-carboxamide (BT-benzo-29) from a library of benzimidazole derivatives that stalled bacterial division by inhibiting FtsZ assembly. A short (5 min) exposure of BT-benzo-29 disassembled the cytokinetic Z-ring in Bacillus subtilis cells without affecting the cell length and nucleoids. BT-benzo-29 also perturbed the localization of early and late division proteins such as FtsA, ZapA and SepF at the mid-cell. Further, BT-benzo-29 bound to FtsZ with a dissociation constant of 24 ± 3 μm and inhibited the assembly and GTPase activity of purified FtsZ. A docking analysis suggested that BT-benzo-29 may bind to FtsZ at the C-terminal domain near the T7 loop. BT-benzo-29 displayed significantly weaker inhibitory effects on the assembly and GTPase activity of two mutants (L272A and V275A) of FtsZ supporting the prediction of the docking analysis. Further, BT-benzo-29 did not appear to inhibit DNA duplication and nucleoid segregation and it did not perturb the membrane potential of B. subtilis cells. The results suggested that BT-benzo-29 exerts its potent antibacterial activity by inhibiting FtsZ assembly. Interestingly, BT-benzo-29 did not affect the membrane integrity of mammalian red blood cells. BT-benzo-29 bound to tubulin with a much weaker affinity than FtsZ and exerted significantly weaker effects on mammalian cells than on the bacterial cells indicating that the compound may have a strong antibacterial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Ray
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhavya Jindal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Kishore Kunal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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19
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Knudson SE, Awasthi D, Kumar K, Carreau A, Goullieux L, Lagrange S, Vermet H, Ojima I, Slayden RA. Cell division inhibitors with efficacy equivalent to isoniazid in the acute murine Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:3070-3. [PMID: 26245639 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increasing number of clinical strains resistant to one or more of the front-line TB drugs complicates the management of this disease. To develop next-generation benzimidazole-based FtsZ inhibitors with improved efficacy, we employed iterative optimization strategies based on whole bacteria potency, bactericidal activity, plasma and metabolic stability and in vivo efficacy studies. METHODS Candidate benzimidazoles were evaluated for potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and select clinical strains, toxicity against Vero cells and compound stability in plasma and liver microsomes. The efficacy of lead compounds was assessed in the acute murine M. tuberculosis infection model via intraperitoneal and oral routes. RESULTS MICs of SB-P17G-A33, SB-P17G-A38 and SB-P17G-A42 for M. tuberculosis H37Rv and select clinical strains were 0.18-0.39 mg/L. SB-P17G-A38 and SB-P17G-A42 delivered at 50 mg/kg twice daily intraperitoneally or orally demonstrated efficacy in reducing the bacterial load by 5.7-6.3 log10 cfu in the lungs and 3.9-5.0 log10 cfu in the spleen. SB-P17G-A33 delivered at 50 mg/kg twice daily intraperitoneally or orally also reduced the bacterial load by 1.7-2.1 log10 cfu in the lungs and 2.5-3.4 log10 cfu in the spleen. CONCLUSIONS Next-generation benzimidazoles with excellent potency and efficacy against M. tuberculosis have been developed. This is the first report on benzimidazole-based FtsZ inhibitors showing an equivalent level of efficacy to isoniazid in an acute murine M. tuberculosis infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Knudson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA
| | - Divya Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | | | | | - Sophie Lagrange
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Disease Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Vermet
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Drug Disposition, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Richard A Slayden
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA
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20
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Li X, Ma S. Advances in the discovery of novel antimicrobials targeting the assembly of bacterial cell division protein FtsZ. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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