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Yoder HR, MacRae MR, Snead OM, Kraus KH. Case report: Corpectomy and iliac crest bone autograft as treatment for a vertebral plasma cell tumor in a dachshund dog. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1281063. [PMID: 38149296 PMCID: PMC10750371 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1281063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old, 7.5 kg, female spayed dachshund dog presented to a veterinary teaching hospital after being referred for lameness and the inability to urinate. The dog presented as weakly ambulatory paraparetic with intact pain perception. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging showed ventral bony lysis and periosteal proliferation of the L3 vertebra, consistent with a plasma cell tumor. A corpectomy of the L3 vertebra was performed and subsequently stabilized with autogenous cortico-cancellous iliac crest bone staves, autogenous cancellous bone, and bilaterally placed locking plates [String of Pearls (SOP®), Orthomed]. The dog recovered well, with no decrease in neurologic status overnight, and continued to improve until discharge. Upon a recheck exam at 4 weeks postoperatively, the dog appeared neurologically improved with only mild ambulatory proprioceptive ataxia of the hind limbs. This case demonstrates that the transposition of a non-vascularized iliac crest autogenous bone graft with stabilization via SOP® plates and screws can be used in the management of dogs with vertebral plasma cell tumors and should be considered as a surgical option in similarly affected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Yoder
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Yurtal Z, Kulualp K, Ozkan H, Micili SC, Dogan H, Sisman AR, Ersoy N, Kizmazoglu C, Yakan A. Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Bovine Amniotic Fluids Collected in Different Trimesters on the Epidural Fibrosis After Experimental Laminectomy in Rats. World Neurosurg 2023; 171:e722-e730. [PMID: 36608801 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of bovine amniotic fluid (BAF) on the inhibition of epidural fibrosis (EF) after experimental laminectomy. METHODS Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were used. The amniotic fluids were collected from each trimester of a pregnant cow. The rats were divided into 5 groups. Whereas no laminectomy was applied to the control group, animals in the sham group underwent laminectomy. Laminectomy was performed in the animals in other groups and the operation area was closed by dripping 1 mL of BAF collected in 3 trimesters of pregnancy. Animals were killed 28 days after the operation. RESULTS Compared with control, VEGF gene expression levels were downregulated approximately 5-fold in BAF-2. Whereas IL-6 was upregulated approximately 8-fold in the sham, it was downregulated 5-fold and 3-fold in BAF-1 and BAF-2, respectively. There was downregulation in BAF-2 and BAF-3 in terms of CD105 gene expression levels. TGFβ1 was upregulated approximately 2-fold in the sham group and downregulated in BAF-1 and BAF-2. Although histopathologic alterations including EF grade and fibroblast cell density were found to increase in the sham group, all BAF treatment decreased those of alterations. The highest CD105 immunoreactivity was detected in the sham group. All BAF treatment markedly aggravated fibrosis via decreasing CD105 immunoreactivity. In terms of grading parameters, almost the closest grades to the control were determined in the BAF-2. BAF collected in the second trimester is most effective in healing of scar tissue and preventing fibrosis via decreasing microvessel and fibroblast densities. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that BAF may be used as a potential protective agent to prevent EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Yurtal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Kadri Kulualp
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ozkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Serap Cilaker Micili
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halef Dogan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Turkey
| | - Ali Riza Sisman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nevin Ersoy
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Kizmazoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Akin Yakan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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Madden M, Atkins C, Khan Z, Gunz NI, Liuti T, Faller K. Successful conservative management of epidural gas accumulation and haematoma formation following a lateral corpectomy in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Madden
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Roslin UK
| | - Callum Atkins
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Roslin UK
| | - Zohra Khan
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Roslin UK
| | - Nico Israeliantz Gunz
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Roslin UK
| | - Tiziana Liuti
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Roslin UK
| | - Kiterie Faller
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Roslin UK
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Shah SS, Salo PT, Lyons FG, Mitha AP, Krawetz RJ. Prx1 + MPCs Accumulate in the Dura Mater of Wild-Type and p21 -/- Mice Followed by a Specific Reduction in p21 -/- Dural MPCs. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101304. [PMID: 36190137 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidural fat contains a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), and this study explores the behavior of these cells on the adjacent dura mater during growth and in response to injury in a p21 knockout mouse model. p21-/- mice are known to have increased cell proliferation and enhanced tissue regeneration post-injury. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the process by which epidural fat MPCs maintain the dura mater can be accelerated in p21-/- mice. Using a Prx1 lineage tracing mouse model, the epidural fat MPCs are found to increase in the dura mater over time in both C57BL/6 (p21+/+ ) and p21-/- mice; however, by 3 weeks post-tamoxifen induction, few MPCs are observed in p21-/- mice. These endogenous MPCs also localize to dural injuries in both mouse strains, with MPCs in p21-/- mice demonstrating increased proliferation. When epidural fat MPCs derived from p21-/- mice are transplanted into dural injuries in C57BL/6 mice, these MPCs are found in the injury site. It is demonstrated that epidural fat MPCs play a role in dural tissue maintenance and are able to directly contribute to dural injury repair. This suggests that these MPCs have the potential to treat injuries and/or pathologies in tissues surrounding the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Shah
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Paul T Salo
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Frank G Lyons
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Alim P Mitha
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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5
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Liu X, Zhang F, Li L, He Y, Dong Y. Reconstruction of Epidural Fat to Prevent Epidural Fibrosis After Laminectomy in Rabbits. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:366-372. [PMID: 34569267 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Laminectomy can effectively decompress the spinal cord and expand the vertebral canal. However, the fibrosis that appears may cause adherence and recompression of the spinal cord or/and nerve root, which may cause failed back syndrome (FBS) and make the reexposure process more difficult. Reconstruction of the epidural fat may be an ideal method to achieve satisfactory results. Methods: Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control, extracellular matrix (ECM), and ECM+aMSCs groups. Saline, ECM gel, and ECM+aMSC complex were placed, respectively, at the fifth lumbar vertebrate of the rabbits. Epidural fat and fibrosis formation were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histologically at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Results: MRI and Oil Red O staining revealed epidural fat formation at the 12th week in the ECM+aMSCs group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the numbers of fibroblasts in the ECM gel and ECM+aMSCs groups were less than the control group at the 4th and 8th weeks (p < 0.05). Masson's trichrome staining showed that the proportion of collagen fibers in the ECM gel and ECM+aMSCs group was lower than the control group (p < 0.05). Quantitative RT-PCR showed the expressions of TGF-β and IL-6 were lower in the ECM gel and ECM+aMSCs group than those in the control group (p < 0.05) at the 4th week, but higher at the 8th week. Conclusion: We successfully reconstructed the epidural fat with ECM gel and aMSC complex; additionally, IL-6 and TGF-β cytokines were lower at early stage after laminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Xuhui DaHua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Linli Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhai Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Keskin E, Aydın HA, Kalaycı M, Işık E, Özgen U, Şimşek K, Baklacı D, Gökçe M. The histopathological effects of reabsorbable polyethylene glycol hydrogel (Coseal) on epidural fibrosis in an experimental postlaminectomy model in rats. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1512-1520. [PMID: 33453711 PMCID: PMC8283455 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2009-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim To investigate the histopathological effects of reabsorbable polyethylene glycol hydrogel (RPGH, Coseal) on epidural fibrosis (EF) following laminectomy in rats. Materials and methods A total of 24 rats were equally divided into three groups. In the first group, no treatment was applied after laminectomy (control group, Group 1). In the second group, hemostasis was achieved after laminectomy, and 2 mm absorbable gelatin sponge soaked in saline was placed over the epidural space and the wound was closed (Group 2). In the third group, hemostasis was achieved following laminectomy, and 0.5 mL RPGH (Coseal, Group 3) was squeezed over the dura mater, and the wound was closed. A histopathological examination was undertaken to evaluate arachnoidal invasion and EF. Results The results of EF in the Group 2 and Group 3 were significantly lower compared to the Group 1 (p = 0.023 and p = 0.002, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between the Group 2 and Group 3 in terms of EF (p = 0.957). There was also no statistically significant difference between the mean arachnoidal invasion of the three groups (p > 0.171). However, the rate of arachnoidal invasion was the lowest in the Group 3. Conclusion Intraoperative Coseal, a polyethylene glycol polymer, tends to reduce the risk of epidural fibrosis, although this is not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Keskin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ali Aydın
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Murat Kalaycı
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Emre Işık
- Department of Pathology, Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Utku Özgen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atatürk State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Kenan Şimşek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Deniz Baklacı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mertol Gökçe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey
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7
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Villanova Junior JA, Magalhães MAB, Cereja de Souza TD, Battisti MKB, Engracia Filho JR, Pimpão CT, Müeller MO, Arruda PD, Capriglione LGA. Polypropylene mesh inhibits post-laminectomy compressive scar formation in rabbits: Histopathological and computational morphometric evaluation. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:135973. [PMID: 34023408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of polypropylene mesh placement on post-laminectomy compressive scar formation in rabbits. Twenty-two white male New Zealand rabbits were distributed into two groups (n = 11). In the control group, the animals underwent lumbosacral laminectomy, whereas in the mesh group, the rabbits were submitted to lumbosacral laminectomy followed by the attachment of a polypropylene mesh to the vertebrae by the application of N-butyl cyanoacrylate. After eight weeks, the rabbits were euthanized, and the laminectomy area was collected for macro- and microscopic analyses. Macroscopically, we evaluated the (1) vertebral canal height; (2) laminectomy width and (3) length; and (4) fibrosis width, (5) height, and (6) length. Microscopically, we evaluated (7) fibroblasts; (8) the thickness of the dura-mater; and (9) the distance between the dura-mater and the laminectomy area. Macroscopically, there were no differences between the groups regarding vertebral canal height; width and length of the laminectomy; and fibrosis width. However, the height, and length of fibrosis were smaller in the mesh group. Microscopically, there were no differences in dura mater thickness and the distance between the dura mater and laminectomy area, but fewer fibroblasts were observed in the mesh group. This indicated that the polypropylene mesh improved tissue repair, with greater tissue organization. The results demonstrate that the use of a polypropylene mesh in the treatment of post-laminectomy wounds in rabbits reduces the severity of compressive fibrous scar formation. Polypropylene mesh is presented as a good alternative to reduce complications associated with laminectomy surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Angélica B Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Animal Science at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tainah D Cereja de Souza
- Graduate Program in Animal Science at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Jair Rodini Engracia Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cláudia T Pimpão
- Graduate Program in Animal Science at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil
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Shi R, Huang Y, Zhang J, Wu C, Gong M, Tian W, Zhang L. Effective delivery of mitomycin‐C and meloxicam by double‐layer electrospun membranes for the prevention of epidural adhesions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:353-366. [PMID: 31017374 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsInstitute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing China
| | - Yuelong Huang
- Department of Spine SurgeryPeking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine Beijing China
| | - Jingshuang Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsInstitute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing China
| | - Chengai Wu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsInstitute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing China
| | - Min Gong
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Spine SurgeryPeking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine Beijing China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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Alcoverro E, McConnell JF, Sanchez-Masian D, De Risio L, De Decker S, Gonçalves R. Late-onset recurrence of neurological deficits after surgery for spinal arachnoid diverticula. Vet Rec 2018; 182:380. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emili Alcoverro
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - James Fraser McConnell
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Masian
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - Luisa De Risio
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; The Animal Health Trust; Suffolk UK
| | - Steven De Decker
- Department of Clinical Science and Services; Royal Veterinary College, University of London; Hatfield UK
| | - Rita Gonçalves
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool; Neston UK
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Cranial thoracic vertebral canal stenosis in three juvenile large-breed brachycephalic dogs treated by unilateral hemilaminectomy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 30:223-229. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-10-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjective: To describe the surgical treatment and outcome for juvenile dogs with cranial thoracic vertebral canal stenosis treated by unilateral hemilaminectomy.Study design: Case series.Animals: Three large-breed brachycephalic dogs of various breeds (Dogue de Bordeaux, Australian Bulldog, Boerboel) with neurological signs consistent with a myelopathy of the third thoracic (T) to third lumbar (L) spinal cord segment.Methods: Information on clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, surgical procedures, postoperative complications, recovery and outcome is described.Results: Neurological signs were present and progressive for two to four weeks prior to surgery and ranged from mild ataxia to paralysis. Cranial thoracic vertebral canal stenosis was diagnosed with computed tomography imaging. Lateral and dorsolateral spinal cord compression was present at multiple sites between T2 and T6. Alternating left and right-sided compressions were common. Surgical treatment was by unilateral, continuous hemilaminectomy over three to six vertebral spaces. Postoperative morbidity was minimal and return of independent ambulation was rapid (median: 13.5 days, range: 2–29 days). Neurological status in one dog worsened four months after surgery due to reoccurrence of osseous compression; unilateral hemilaminectomy was repeated in this dog. Long-term follow-up ranged from six to 10 months; neurological signs had completely resolved in one dog and substantially improved in the other two dogs.Clinical significance: Unilateral hemilaminectomy was associated with rapid return of independent ambulation and substantial improvement in neurological scores.
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Kizilay Z, Kahraman Cetin N. Effect of Methyl Palmitate on the Formation of Epidural Fibrosis in an Experimental Epidural Fibrosis Model. J INVEST SURG 2017; 31:469-474. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2017.1356403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Kizilay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adnan Menderes University Medicine Faculty, Aydin, Turkey
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12
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Moon HS, Hwang YH, Lee HC, Lee JH. Operative techniques of percutaneous endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy using a uniportal approach in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1532-1539. [PMID: 28757523 PMCID: PMC5627323 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the technical feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy via a uniportal approach, and to evaluate the possibility of decompression and endoscopic examination of the
thoracic and lumbar spinal canals in small dogs during such procedures. Fresh canine cadavers of mixed-breed dogs (n=7) were used in this study. Following injection of a barium and agarose mixture (BA-gel) to stimulate
intervertebral disc herniation, percutaneous endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy was performed using a lateral approach to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. BA-gel was removed to decompress the spinal cord using an elevator and
rongeurs after mini-hemilaminectomy. Pre and post-operative computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained to evaluate surgical outcomes. Intra-operative complications, incision length, and procedure time were recorded. All
procedures were completed with clear visualization of the spinal cord and floor of the spinal canal. The mean total operating time was 58.00 ± 18.06 min. Lengths of incision were under 1 cm in all dogs. Intra-operative
complications included iatrogenic nerve root injuries caused by the micro-rongeur in two dogs. CT imaging revealed that removal of BA-gel resulted in sufficient spinal cord decompression. Our findings indicated that percutaneous
endoscopic thoracolumbar mini-hemilaminectomy is feasible for spinal cord decompression and allows for adequate observation of the spinal canal. Thus, this technique may be an alternative surgical option for treatment of
thoracolumbar disk disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sup Moon
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52828, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Hwang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hee-Chun Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, 52828, South Korea
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Xie H, Wang B, Shen X, Qin J, Jiang L, Yu C, Geng D, Yuan T, Wu T, Cao X, Liu J. MMC controlled-release membranes attenuate epidural scar formation in rat models after laminectomy. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4162-4168. [PMID: 28487972 PMCID: PMC5436155 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidural scar formation after laminectomy impede surgical outcomes of decompression. Mitomycin C (MMC) has been demonstrated to have significant inhibitory effects on epidural scar. This study was undertaken to develop an effective MMC controlled-release membrane and to investigate its effects on epidural scar in rat models of laminectomy. A total of 72 rats that underwent laminectomy were divided into three groups. Among them, 24 were treated with mitomycin C-polylactic acid (MMC-PLA) controlled-release membrane, 24 with mitomycin C-polyethylene glycol (MMC-PEG) controlled-release membrane, and no treatment was performed for the remaining 24 rats (control group). In the following 4 weeks, magnetic resonance image (MRI), macroscopic observation, histology and hydroxyproline (Hyp) concentration analysis were performed to explore the effects of these three therapies on epidural scar. MRI revealed a significant reduction of epidural fibrosis in MMC-PLA and MMC-PEG treatment groups, compared with the control group. Histological results also showed that collagen deposition was significantly reduced after being treated with MMC-PLA or MMC-PEG membranes. Likewise, Hyp concentrations of the epidural scar tissue in MMC-PLA and MMC-PEG groups were markedly lower than those in the control group. However, regarding the effects on reducing epidural scar, no significant difference was found between the MMC-PLA and MMC-PEG groups. In conclusion, MMC-PLA and MMC-PEG membranes are safe and effective in reducing fibrosis. Thus, MMC-controlled-release membranes promises to be a potential therapeutic in preventing epidural scar formation after laminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Longhai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Tangbo Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Efficacy of Poly(D,L-Lactic Acid-co-Glycolic acid)-Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Poly(D,L-Lactic Acid-co-Glycolic Acid) Thermogel As a Barrier to Prevent Spinal Epidural Fibrosis in a Postlaminectomy Rat Model. Clin Spine Surg 2017; 30:E283-E290. [PMID: 28323713 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental animal study. OBJECTIVE The authors conducted a study to determine the efficacy and safety of the poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) thermogel to prevent peridural fibrosis in an adult rat laminectomy model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Peridural fibrosis often occurs after spinal laminectomy. It might cause persistent back and/or leg pain postoperatively and make a reoperation more difficult and dangerous. Various materials have been used to prevent epidural fibrosis, but only limited success has been achieved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermogel was synthesized by us. Total L3 laminectomies were performed on 24 rats. The PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermogel or chitosan (CHS) gel (a positive control group) was applied to the operative sites in a blinded manner. In the control group, the L3 laminectomy was performed and the defect was irrigated with the NS solution 3 times. All the rats were killed 4 weeks after the surgery. RESULTS The cytotoxicity of this thermogel was evaluated in vitro and the result demonstrated that no evidence of cytotoxicity was observed. The extent of epidural fibrosis, the area of epidural fibrosis, and the density of the fibroblasts and blood vessel were evaluated histologically. There were statistical differences among the PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermogel or CHS gel group compared with the control group. Although there was no difference between the PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermogel and CHS gel, the efficiency of the PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermogel was shown to be slightly improved compared with the CHS gel. CONCLUSIONS The biocompatibility of the PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermogel was proven well. The application of this thermogel effectively reduced epidural scarring and prevented the subsequent adhesion to the dura mater. No side effects were noted in the rats.
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Postoperative computed tomography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis treated by dorsal laminectomy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 30:143-152. [PMID: 28094419 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-06-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe postoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) treated by dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy. METHODS Prospective clinical case study of dogs diagnosed with and treated for DLSS. Surgical and clinical findings were described. Computed tomography and low field MRI findings pre- and postoperatively were described and graded. Clinical, CT and MRI examinations were performed four to 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Eleven of 13 dogs were clinically improved and two dogs had unchanged clinical status postoperatively despite imaging signs of neural compression. Vacuum phenomenon, spondylosis, sclerosis of the seventh lumbar (L7) and first sacral (S1) vertebrae endplates and lumbosacral intervertebral joint osteoarthritis became more frequent in postoperative CT images. Postoperative MRI showed mild disc extrusions in five cases, and in all cases contrast enhancing non-discal tissue was present. All cases showed contrast enhancement of the L7 spinal nerves both pre- and postoperatively and seven had contrast enhancement of the lumbosacral intervertebral joints and paraspinal tissue postoperatively. Articular process fractures or fissures were noted in four dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The study indicates that imaging signs of neural compression are common after DLSS surgery, even in dogs that have clinical improvement. Contrast enhancement of spinal nerves and soft tissues around the region of disc herniation is common both pre- and postoperatively and thus are unreliable criteria for identifying complications of the DLSS surgery.
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Wang Y, Liang M, Zheng Z, Shi L, Su B, Liu J, Kaplan DL, Zhang B, Wang X. Adhesion Prevention after Laminectomy Using Silk-Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2120-2127. [PMID: 26386268 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Laminectomy is a common operation in spine surgery to reduce spinal cord and nerve pressure. However, scar tissues often form in the spinal canal and adhere to the dura surface, resulting in low back pain postsurgery. In the present study, biodegradable silk-polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels are evaluated for adhesion prevention after laminectomies in New Zealand rabbits, with nondegradable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes and saline as controls. No significant difference among the three groups is observed within 2 weeks. Silk is fully degraded within 6 weeks, leaving a gap separating the scar tissue and the dura mater. Severe dural scar adhesion form in the saline control group after 8 weeks, while no or mild adhesion is observed in the ePTFE membrane and silk-PEG hydrogel samples. Human dermal fibroblasts (HS-865-SK cells) are cultured in the silk-PEG hydrogel extracts and on top of gel surfaces. Compared to the controls of tissue culture plate (no silk) and sonicated silk hydrogels (no PEG), the proliferation of fibroblasts in both conditions is significantly reduced initially but resumes after 120 h, suggesting the surface properties of the hydrogels and local, temporal release of PEG accounts for the adhesion prevention observed in vivo in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Wang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Min Liang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhaozhu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liangchen Shi
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Su
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Lv P, Zhao J, Su W, Liang X, Zhang K. An experimental novel study: hyperbaric oxygen treatment on reduction of epidural fibrosis via down-regulation of collagen deposition, IL-6, and TGF-β1. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2014; 25 Suppl 1:S53-8. [PMID: 25031207 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-014-1509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) on prevention of epidural fibrosis in laminectomy rats. METHODS A controlled, double-blinded study was performed in sixty healthy adult Wistar rats, mean weight 250 g. L1-L2 levels laminectomy were performed. Randomly, all rats were divided into three groups, with 20 in each group: (1) short-term HBO treatment group; (2) long-term HBO treatment (LHBO) group; and (3) Sham group (laminectomy without treatment). Four weeks post-operation, all rats were killed. The Rydell classification, hydroxyproline content, vimentin cells density, capillary density, and inflammatory factors expression were evaluated. RESULTS The histological evaluation showed less epidural scar adhesions in LHBO group than other two groups. The hydroxyproline content, Rydell score, vimentin cells density, capillary density, and inflammatory factors expression all suggested better results in LHBO group than other two groups. CONCLUSION It was concluded that HBO treatment might be beneficial in inhibiting collagen deposition and inflammatory activity and prevent epidural scar adhesion in laminectomy rat and, therefore, shows potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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Prevention of peridural fibrosis using a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) soaked in absorbable gelatin sponge: an experimental comparative animal model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013; 38:E985-91. [PMID: 23615385 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e318297c795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of peridural parecoxib-soaked absorbable gelatin sponge, and cellulose membrane on peridural fibrosis prevention in an animal model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Postoperative peridural fibrosis is one of the causes of failed back surgery syndrome. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the inflammatory response, while an absorbable gelatin sponge or cellulose membrane interposes between the dura and the paraspinal muscle to staunch the surgical bleeding. These mechanisms may prevent peridural fibrosis. METHODS Forty L5-L6 laminectomized adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups. The high parecoxib group received 6 mg of parecoxib soaked into an absorbable gelatin sponge placed over the dura. The low parecoxib group was given 2 mg of parecoxib soaked into an absorbable gelatin sponge. The dura in the cellulose group was covered with a cellulose membrane, while the control group received normal saline drip before surgical wound closure. All rats were killed at 6 weeks for histopathological assessment. The fibroblast density, inflammatory cell density, fibrous adherence, and adverse events were quantified. The obtained results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The respective mean fibroblast density in the high parecoxib, low parecoxib, cellulose, and control groups was 217.77 ± 51.76, 317.51 ± 126.92, 321.80 ± 90.94, and 328.48 ± 73.41 cells/mm², while the respective mean inflammatory cell density was 539.65 ± 236.52, 910.17 ± 242.59, 1011.84 ± 239.30, and 1261.78 ± 319.68 cells/mm². The mean fibroblast and inflammatory cell densities of the high parecoxib group were significantly lower than the control. The high parecoxib group also showed statistically less fibrous adherence than low parecoxib, cellulose, and control groups. CONCLUSION The high-dose parecoxib-soaked absorbable gelatin sponge can prevent peridural fibrosis without complications. The low-dose parecoxib and cellulose membrane provided no significant benefit vis-à-vis prevention of peridural fibrosis, as adduced from the lack of any statistically significant difference between the test and control rats.
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Liu ZC, Li Y, Zang Y, Cui G, Sang HX, Ma ZS, Kong L, Lei W, Wu ZX. Clinical assessment of a CMC/PEO gel to inhibit postoperative epidural adhesion formation after lumbar discectomy: a randomized, control study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2013; 133:295-301. [PMID: 23274779 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-012-1634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate effectiveness of carboxymethylcellulose/polyethylene oxide (CMC/PEO) gel in improving clinical outcomes after the first-time lumbar discectomy. METHOD Ninety-three patients with herniated lumbar disc at L4-L5 or L5-S1 were enrolled and randomized into two groups: CMC/PEO gel treatment group and control group. All the patients underwent laminotomy and discectomy by posterior approach. The preoperative and postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for lower-back pain and leg pain were analyzed and compared between two groups at 30- and 60-day time points. RESULTS No patient presented with any clinically measurable adverse event during surgery. There were no significant differences between the treated group and the control group on the preoperative ODI and VAS scores. In general, the ODI and VAS scores decreased in both groups at all the time points. At the 30-day time point, the VAS scores for back pain and leg pain and the ODI scores in treatment group were lower by 9.9 % (P = 0.0302), 27.0 % (P = 0.0002) and 16.3 % (P = 0.0007) than those in control group. And at the 60-day time point, the ODI and VAS scores further decreased in both groups. The VAS scores for leg pain in treatment group were lower by 4.5 % than that in the control group (P = 0.0149). However, no significant difference was detected between two groups on the ODI and VAS scores for back pain. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that CMC/PEO gel is effective in reducing posterior dural adhesions in the spine with no apparent safety issues. It can improve patients' postoperative clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-chen Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 17 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Barker JR, Clark-Price SC, Gordon-Evans WJ. Evaluation of Topical Epidural Analgesia Delivered in Gelfoam for Postoperative Hemilaminectomy Pain Control. Vet Surg 2012; 42:79-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Barker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana; IL
| | - Stuart C. Clark-Price
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana; IL
| | - Wanda J. Gordon-Evans
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana; IL
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Zhu L, Ni B, Liu J, Yang J, Guo Q, Zhou W. Hydroxycamptothecin liposomes inhibit collagen secretion and induce fibroblast apoptosis in a postlaminectomy rabbit model. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2012; 23 Suppl 1:S85-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00590-012-0971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mitomycin C-polyethylene glycol controlled-release film inhibits collagen secretion and induces apoptosis of fibroblasts in the early wound of a postlaminectomy rat model. Spine J 2010; 10:441-7. [PMID: 20421076 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Recovery from spine surgery is usually accompanied with the development of epidural scar adhesions from the abnormal proliferation of fibroblast and extracellular matrix-related metabolism. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) could alleviate the postsurgical adhesion formation with still leaving a gap between the sheet and the dura. However, PEG film could not function as a three-dimensional barrier to prevent adhesion completely. Mitomycin C (MMC) could also reduce the scar formation after surgery, but cytotoxicity and the administrative pathway prevent its application. PURPOSE Our purpose was to design and attest the role of new delivery system MMC-PEG controlled-release film in preventing the epidural scar adhesions after laminectomy in the rat model. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A total laminectomy of L1 in the rat model was used to assess epidural fibrosis between and around the spinal nerves using a histochemistry assessment along with flow cytometry analysis. PATIENT SAMPLE The sample comprises 64 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures are macroscopic evaluation, histological analysis, and flow cytometry analysis. METHODS Lumbar laminectomies at L1 and L2 with a L1-L2 disc injury were performed on 64 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were then randomized into four groups. In Group I, 25 mg PEG film was applied on the dura mater in the laminectomy area before the layers were sutured. In Group II, a cotton pad soaked with 0.05% MMC solution was kept on the laminectomy area for 5 minutes. In Group III, 25 mg PEG film containing 0.01% MMC was implanted on the laminectomy area. In Group IV, the laminectomy area was flushed with saline before wound closure. The rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after the operation. Macroscopic evaluation and histological analysis of epidural scar adhesion with the hematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson stain were used followed by the quantification of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and flow cytometry analysis of the apoptosis of fibroblasts in the scar tissues. RESULTS The recovery of all rats was uneventful after the operations. In the laminectomy sites of rats treated with MMC or MMC-PEG, the dura mater was clean without any evident adhesion or membrane. Collagen tissue hyperplasia significantly decreased in the MMC- or MMC-PEG-treated models. Accordingly, Hyp concentration was significantly reduced in these two groups compared with saline-control group. In addition, the apoptosis of fibroblasts, however, was significantly elevated in the MMC or MMC-PEG group compared with the saline-control group. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the treatment of postlaminectomy wounds with MMC-PEG film reduces the severity of adhesion by decreasing the concentration of Hyp and increasing the apoptosis of fibroblasts.
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Beckmann DV, Mazzanti A, Cunha MGM, Souza GS, Festugatto R, Santos RP, Neto DP, Baumhardt R. A musculatura epaxial e a fibrose epidural na compressão medular em cães submetidos à laminectomia dorsal modificada. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2010000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O objetivo deste experimento foi isolar a musculatura epaxial da medula espinhal de cães submetidos à laminectomia dorsal modificada (LDM) e averiguar se os músculos influenciaram na formação da fibrose epidural, na compressão medular e no aparecimento dos sinais neurológicos. Para isso, dez cães hígidos foram submetidos à LDM entre as vértebras T13 e L1 e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos denominados controle (I) onde a medula espinhal permaneceu exposta sem a presença de implante, e tratado (II)onde foi colocado um im-plante a base de alumínio entre a musculatura epaxial adjacente e a medula espinhal exposta pela LDM. As avaliações constaram de exames neurológicos diários até 180 dias de pós-operatório (PO); mielografia, decorridos 15, 30 e 60 dias de PO; e avaliação macroscópica mediante a reintervenção cirúrgica. Não houve diferença durante as avaliações neurológicas. Aos 15 dias de PO, foi verificado na mielografia, que o grau de compressão da linha de contraste foi maior no grupo tratado (P<0,05) quando comparado ao grupo controle, não havendo diferença dos demais tempos estudados. Na avaliação macroscópica, pode-se observar que no Grupo II, a musculatura epaxial adjacente à medula espinhal não estava em contato com a fibrose epidural, diferentemente do grupo controle. O implante pôde ser removido facilmente e apresentava discreto grau de deformidade crânio-dorsal. Pode-se concluir que a musculatura epaxial adjacente é isolada da medula espinhal pelo implante à base de alumínio em cães submetidos à LDM, e esta não influencia na formação da fibrose epidural, compressão medular e no aparecimento dos sinais neurológicos.
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Shimizu J, Koga M, Kishimoto M, Lee KJ, Iwasaki T, Miyake YI, Yamada K. Effect of an autogenous free fat graft on hemilaminectomy defects in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:1291-4. [PMID: 19887733 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an autogenous free fat graft (FFG) on hemilaminectomy defects. Hemilaminectomy was performed at three levels in three beagles, and each defect was designated as a control site or a site treated with one of two different sizes of FFG. Subsequently, longitudinal computed tomography scanning and histopathological examination were performed. As a result, no postoperative dural adhesion was recognized at the sites where FFGs were placed regardless of the size of the FFG. Moreover, there was no compression of the spinal cord by the FFG. Therefore, it appears that postoperative dural adhesion was controlled by the FFG and that the possibility of FFG migration into the spinal canal is low in hemilaminectomy. In conclusion, placement of an FFG over the defect was considered useful for preventing complications in hemilaminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Falcão SC, Coelho ARDB, Evêncio Neto J. Biomechanical evaluation of microbial cellulose (Zoogloea sp.) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes as implants in repair of produced abdominal wall defects in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2008; 23:184-91. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502008000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the Load of Rupture of implants of membranes of microbial cellulose (Zoogloea sp.) and extended polytetrafuoroethylene in sharp defects of abdominal wall of rats. METHODS: Sixty Wistar male rats, with a mean weight of 437,7g ± 40,9, anesthetized by a mixture of ketamine (5mg/100g) and xylazine (2mg/100g), were submitted to a rectangular (2x3cm) excision of the abdominal wall, including fascia, muscle and peritoneum, and treated with membranes of microbial cellulose (MC) (MC Group- 30 animals) or extended polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) (ePTFE Group- 30 animals). Each group was subdivided in 14th POD, 28th POD and 60th POD Subgroups. Under anesthesia, animals were submitted to euthanasia at 14th POD, 28th POD and 60th POD for evaluation of Load of Rupture. RESULTS: Load of Rupture levels were significantly elevated (p<0, 05) among 14th, 28th and 60th postoperative days from each Group. When compared between groups, values of Load of Rupture were significantly larger (p<0, 05) in ePTFE Group than in MC Group. CONCLUSION: Resistance to strength at implant/host interface was more pronounced in PTFEe Group than in MC Group.
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Falcão SC, Evêncio Neto J, Coelho ARDB. Incorporation by host tissue of two biomaterials used as repair of defects produced in abdominal wall of rats. Acta Cir Bras 2008; 23:78-83. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502008000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Biomaterials may be used as treatment of great abdominal wall defects to avoid tension during repair. In the present research we intended to investigate incorporation type by host tissue of membranes of microbial cellulose (MC), produced by the bacteria Zoogloea sp., and of polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in abdominal wall defects of rats. METHODS: Sixty male rats Wistar, anesthetized by ketamine (5mg/100g) and xylazine (2mg/100g), were submitted to a rectangular excision (2x3cm) of the abdominal wall, including fascia, muscles and peritoneum and further treated with implants of microbial cellulose (MC Group - 30 animals) or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene ( ePTFE Group- 30 animals). Each group was subdivided in 14th DPO, 28th DPO and 60th DPO Subgroups. RESULTS: Incorporation of biomaterials was observed by wrapping and infiltration by host tissue. It has been found that wrapping associated to infiltration of host connective tissue in implants of ePTFE were present in 100% of the observed samples, and this may be responsible for increase resistance to traction. Inversely, wrapping without host tissue infiltration was seen in 100% of examined specimens of MC implants. CONCLUSION: Wrapping and host tissue infiltration is seen only in ePTFE implants.
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da Costa RC, Parent JM, Partlow G, Dobson H, Holmberg DL, Lamarre J. Morphologic and morphometric magnetic resonance imaging features of Doberman Pinschers with and without clinical signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67:1601-12. [PMID: 16948609 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.9.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare morphologic and morphometric features of the cervical vertebral column and spinal cord of Doberman Pinschers with and without clinical signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM; wobbler syndrome) detected via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ANIMALS 16 clinically normal and 16 CSM-affected Doberman Pinschers. PROCEDURES For each dog, MRI of the cervical vertebral column (in neutral and traction positions) was performed. Morphologically, MRI abnormalities were classified according to a spinal cord compression scale. Foraminal stenosis and intervertebral disk degeneration and protrusion were also recorded. Morphometric measurements of the vertebral canal and spinal cord were obtained in sagittal and transverse MRI planes. RESULTS 4 of 16 clinically normal and 15 of 16 CSM-affected dogs had spinal cord compression. Twelve clinically normal and all CSM-affected dogs had disk degeneration. Foraminal stenosis was detected in 11 clinically normal and 14 CSM-affected dogs. Vertebral canal and spinal cord areas were consistently smaller in CSM-affected dogs, compared with clinically normal dogs. In neutral and traction positions, the intervertebral disks of CSM-affected dogs were wider than those of clinically normal dogs but the amount of disk distraction was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The incidence of intervertebral disk degeneration and foraminal stenosis in clinically normal Doberman Pinschers was high; cervical spinal cord compression may be present without concurrent clinical signs. A combination of static factors (ie, a relatively stenotic vertebral canal and wider intervertebral disks) distinguished CSM-affected dogs from clinically normal dogs and appears to be a key feature in the pathogenesis of CSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo C da Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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