1
|
Rosales RS, Risco D, García-Nicolás O, Pallarés FJ, Ramírez AS, Poveda JB, Nicholas RAJ, Salguero FJ. Differential Gene Expression in Porcine Lung Compartments after Experimental Infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1290. [PMID: 38731294 PMCID: PMC11083927 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) is the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), as well as one of the main pathogens involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex. The host-pathogen interaction between Mhyo and infected pigs is complex and not completely understood; however, improving the understanding of these intricacies is essential for the development of effective control strategies of EP. In order to improve our knowledge about this interaction, laser-capture microdissection was used to collect bronchi, bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue, and lung parenchyma from animals infected with different strains of Mhyo, and mRNA expression levels of different molecules involved in Mhyo infection (ICAM1, IL-8, IL-10, IL-23, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and TNF-α) were analyzed by qPCR. In addition, the quantification of Mhyo load in the different lung compartments and the scoring of macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions were also performed. Strain-associated differences in virulence were observed, as well as the presence of significant differences in expression levels of cytokines among lung compartments. IL-8 and IL-10 presented the highest upregulation, with limited differences between strains and lung compartments. IFN-α was strongly downregulated in BALT, implying a relevant role for this cytokine in the immunomodulation associated with Mhyo infections. IL-23 was also upregulated in all lung compartments, suggesting the potential involvement of a Th17-mediated immune response in Mhyo infections. Our findings highlight the relevance of Th1 and Th2 immune response in cases of EP, shedding light on the gene expression levels of key cytokines in the lung of pigs at a microscopic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén S. Rosales
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (R.S.R.); (A.S.R.); (J.B.P.)
| | - David Risco
- Unidad de Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad, s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Obdulio García-Nicolás
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francisco J. Pallarés
- Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus “CeiA3”, 14001 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Ana S. Ramírez
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (R.S.R.); (A.S.R.); (J.B.P.)
| | - José B. Poveda
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Spain; (R.S.R.); (A.S.R.); (J.B.P.)
| | | | - Francisco J. Salguero
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Rd, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Formylated N-terminal methionine is absent from the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae proteome: Implications for translation initiation. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:288-298. [PMID: 31126750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal methionine excision (NME) is a proteolytic pathway that cleaves the N-termini of proteins, a process that influences where proteins localise in the cell and their turnover rates. In bacteria, protein biosynthesis is initiated by formylated methionine start tRNA (fMet-tRNAfMet). The formyl group is attached by formyltransferase (FMT) and is subsequently removed by peptide deformylase (PDF) in most but not all proteins. Methionine aminopeptidase then cleaves deformylated methionine to complete the process. Components of NME, particularly PDF, are promising therapeutic targets for bacterial pathogens. In Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, a genome-reduced, major respiratory pathogen of swine, pdf and fmt are absent from its genome. Our bioinformatic analysis uncovered additional enzymes involved in formylated N-terminal methionine (fnMet) processing missing in fourteen mycoplasma species, including M. hyopneumoniae but not in Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a major respiratory pathogen of humans. Consistent with our bioinformatic studies, an analysis of in-house tryptic peptide libraries confirmed the absence of fnMet in M. hyopneumoniae proteins but, as expected fnMet peptides were detected in the proteome of M. pneumoniae. Additionally, computational molecular modelling of M. hyopneumoniae translation initiation factors reveal structural and sequence differences in areas known to interact with fMet-tRNAfMet. Our data suggests that some mycoplasmas have evolved a translation process that does not require fnMet.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai P, Zhu Y, You X, Deng X, Zhu C, Chen L, Li L, Luo D, Zeng Y. Screening and Identification of the Binding Peptides of Mycoplasma genitalium Protein of Adhesion. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
|
5
|
Rodríguez F, Batista M, Hernández J, Afonso A, Poveda J. Relationship Between Expression of Interleukin-5 and Interleukin-13 by Epithelial Cells and Bronchiolar Changes in Pigs Infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. J Comp Pathol 2016; 154:165-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Effect of feed restriction on performance and postprandial nutrient metabolism in pigs co-infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and swine influenza virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104605. [PMID: 25101681 PMCID: PMC4125196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As nutritional status and inflammation are strongly connected, feeding and nutritional strategies could be effective to improve the ability of pigs to cope with disease. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of a feed restriction on the ability of pigs to resist and be tolerant to a coinfection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and the European H1N1 swine influenza virus, and the consequences for nutrient metabolism, with a focus on amino acids. Two groups of specific pathogen-free pigs were inoculated with Mhp and H1N1 21 days apart. One group was fed ad libitum, the other group was subjected to a two-week 40% feed restriction starting one week before H1N1 infection. The two respective mock control groups were included. Three days post-H1N1 infection, 200 g of feed was given to pigs previously fasted overnight and serial blood samples were taken over 4 hours to measure plasma nutrient concentrations. Throughout the study, clinical signs were observed and pathogens were detected in nasal swabs and lung tissues. Feed-restricted pigs presented shorter hyperthermia and a positive mean weight gain over the 3 days post-H1N1 infection whereas animals fed ad libitum lost weight. Both infection and feed restriction reduced postprandial glucose concentrations, indicating changes in glucose metabolism. Post-prandial plasma concentrations of the essential amino acids histidine, arginine and threonine were lower in co-infected pigs suggesting a greater use of those amino acids for metabolic purposes associated with the immune response. Altogether, these results indicate that modifying feeding practices could help to prepare animals to overcome an influenza infection. Connections with metabolism changes are discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Andrada M, Quesada-Canales O, Suárez-Bonnet A, Paz-Sánchez Y, Espinosa de Los Monteros A, Rodríguez F. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in pigs infected experimentally with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:271-6. [PMID: 24925603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine enzootic pneumonia, primarily caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh), is a contagious disease characterized by catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Previous studies have evaluated immunohistochemically the distribution of Mh, different cellular populations and cytokines during Mh-induced pneumonia. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is overexpressed during inflammatory responses by different cell types in the lung. The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible role of COX-2 in the pathogenesis of porcine enzootic pneumonia. COX-2 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded lung tissues from 10 pigs infected experimentally with Mh. Ten pigs were inoculated intranasally with Mh and killed in pairs weekly from 1 to 5 weeks post inoculation. Three Mh-free pigs were taken as controls. Bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells, bronchial submucosal glands and a small number of macrophages in the bronchoalveolar exudate expressed COX-2. COX-2 protein was always associated with areas of pneumonia and expression was minimal in lungs from control pigs. These results suggest that COX-2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of Mh-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Andrada
- Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - O Quesada-Canales
- Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Suárez-Bonnet
- Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Y Paz-Sánchez
- Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Espinosa de Los Monteros
- Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - F Rodríguez
- Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bartlett JA, Albertolle ME, Wohlford-Lenane C, Pezzulo AA, Zabner J, Niles RK, Fisher SJ, McCray PB, Williams KE. Protein composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway surface liquid from newborn pigs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L256-66. [PMID: 23709621 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00056.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway mucosa and the alveolar surface form dynamic interfaces between the lung and the external environment. The epithelial cells lining these barriers elaborate a thin liquid layer containing secreted peptides and proteins that contribute to host defense and other functions. The goal of this study was to develop and apply methods to define the proteome of porcine lung lining liquid, in part, by leveraging the wealth of information in the Sus scrofa database of Ensembl gene, transcript, and protein model predictions. We developed an optimized workflow for detection of secreted proteins in porcine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in methacholine-induced tracheal secretions [airway surface liquid (ASL)]. We detected 674 and 3,858 unique porcine-specific proteins in BAL and ASL, respectively. This proteome was composed of proteins representing a diverse range of molecular classes and biological processes, including host defense, molecular transport, cell communication, cytoskeletal, and metabolic functions. Specifically, we detected a significant number of secreted proteins with known or predicted roles in innate and adaptive immunity, microbial killing, or other aspects of host defense. In greatly expanding the known proteome of the lung lining fluid in the pig, this study provides a valuable resource for future studies using this important animal model of pulmonary physiology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bartlett
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|