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Pinto Jimenez CE, Keestra S, Tandon P, Cumming O, Pickering AJ, Moodley A, Chandler CIR. Biosecurity and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in animal agricultural settings for reducing infection burden, antibiotic use, and antibiotic resistance: a One Health systematic review. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e418-e434. [PMID: 37164518 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and control of infections across the One Health spectrum is essential for improving antibiotic use and addressing the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. Evidence for how best to manage these risks in agricultural communities-45% of households globally-has not been systematically assembled. This systematic review identifies and summarises evidence from on-farm biosecurity and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions with the potential to directly or indirectly reduce infections and antibiotic resistance in animal agricultural settings. We searched 17 scientific databases (including Web of Science, PubMed, and regional databases) and grey literature from database inception to Dec 31, 2019 for articles that assessed biosecurity or WASH interventions measuring our outcomes of interest; namely, infection burden, microbial loads, antibiotic use, and antibiotic resistance in animals, humans, or the environment. Risk of bias was assessed with the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation tool, Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions, and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies, although no studies were excluded as a result. Due to the heterogeneity of interventions found, we conducted a narrative synthesis. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020162345). Of the 20 672 publications screened, 104 were included in this systematic review. 64 studies were conducted in high-income countries, 24 studies in upper-middle-income countries, 13 studies in lower-middle-income countries, two in low-income countries, and one included both upper-middle-income countries and lower-middle-income countries. 48 interventions focused on livestock (mainly pigs), 43 poultry (mainly chickens), one on livestock and poultry, and 12 on aquaculture farms. 68 of 104 interventions took place on intensive farms, 22 in experimental settings, and ten in smallholder or subsistence farms. Positive outcomes were reported for ten of 23 water studies, 17 of 35 hygiene studies, 15 of 24 sanitation studies, all three air-quality studies, and 11 of 17 other biosecurity-related interventions. In total, 18 of 26 studies reported reduced infection or diseases, 37 of 71 studies reported reduced microbial loads, four of five studies reported reduced antibiotic use, and seven of 20 studies reported reduced antibiotic resistance. Overall, risk of bias was high in 28 of 57 studies with positive interventions and 17 of 30 studies with negative or neutral interventions. Farm-management interventions successfully reduced antibiotic use by up to 57%. Manure-oriented interventions reduced antibiotic resistance genes or antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animal waste by up to 99%. This systematic review highlights the challenges of preventing and controlling infections and antimicrobial resistance, even in well resourced agricultural settings. Most of the evidence emerges from studies that focus on the farm itself, rather than targeting agricultural communities or the broader social, economic, and policy environment that could affect their outcomes. WASH and biosecurity interventions could complement each other when addressing antimicrobial resistance in the human, animal, and environmental interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris E Pinto Jimenez
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Antimicrobial Resistance Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Agriculture and Infectious Disease Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Sarai Keestra
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Agriculture and Infectious Disease Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pranav Tandon
- Global Health Office, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Amy J Pickering
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Clare I R Chandler
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Antimicrobial Resistance Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Otte J, Rushton J, Rukambile E, Alders RG. Biosecurity in Village and Other Free-Range Poultry-Trying to Square the Circle? Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:678419. [PMID: 34150895 PMCID: PMC8207203 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.678419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Village poultry commonly suffer significant disease related losses and a plethora of biosecurity measures is widely advocated as a means to reduce morbidity and mortality. This paper uses a household economy perspective to assess some "economic" considerations determining biosecurity investments of village poultry keepers. It draws on the 2012/13 Tanzania National Panel Survey (TZ-NPS), which covered 1,228 poultry-keeping households. Disease was the most frequently reported cause of bird losses and, in the majority of households, accounted for more than half of reported bird losses. However, given that poultry rarely contributed more than 10% to total annual household income, for 95% of households the value of birds lost to disease represented <10% of annual income. The value placed on poultry within households may vary by gender and the overall figure may mask differential intra-household impacts. The break-even cost for various levels of reduction of disease losses is estimated using a partial budget analysis. Even if achieved at no cost, a 75% reduction in disease-associated mortality would only result in a one percent increase of annual household income. Thus, to the "average" village poultry-keeping household, investments in poultry may not be of high priority, even when cost-effective. Where risks of disease spread impact on the wider community and generate significant externalities, poultry keepers must be supported by wider societal actions rather than being expected to invest in biosecurity for purely personal gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Otte
- Berkeley Economic Advising and Research, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elpidius Rukambile
- Quality Assurance Unit, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Robyn G Alders
- Kyeema Foundation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Development Policy Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Hedman HD, Vasco KA, Zhang L. A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming within Low-Resource Settings. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1264. [PMID: 32722312 PMCID: PMC7460429 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence, spread, and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain a pressing global health issue. Animal husbandry, in particular poultry, makes up a substantial portion of the global antimicrobial use. Despite the growing body of research evaluating the AMR within industrial farming systems, there is a gap in understanding the emergence of bacterial resistance originating from poultry within resource-limited environments. As countries continue to transition from low- to middle income countries (LMICs), there will be an increased demand for quality sources of animal protein. Further promotion of intensive poultry farming could address issues of food security, but it may also increase risks of AMR exposure to poultry, other domestic animals, wildlife, and human populations. Given that intensively raised poultry can function as animal reservoirs for AMR, surveillance is needed to evaluate the impacts on humans, other animals, and the environment. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of poultry production within low-resource settings in order to inform future small-scale poultry farming development. Future research is needed in order to understand the full extent of the epidemiology and ecology of AMR in poultry within low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden D. Hedman
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Karla A. Vasco
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.A.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.A.V.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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La Sala LF, Burgos JM, Blanco DE, Stevens KB, Fernández AR, Capobianco G, Tohmé F, Pérez AM. Spatial modelling for low pathogenicity avian influenza virus at the interface of wild birds and backyard poultry. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1493-1505. [PMID: 30698918 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) is endemic in wild birds and poultry in Argentina, and active surveillance has been in place to prevent any eventual virus mutation into a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), which is exotic in this country. Risk mapping can contribute effectively to disease surveillance and control systems, but it has proven a very challenging task in the absence of disease data. We used a combination of expert opinion elicitation, multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and ecological niche modelling (ENM) to identify the most suitable areas for the occurrence of LPAIV at the interface between backyard domestic poultry and wild birds in Argentina. This was achieved by calculating a spatially explicit risk index. As evidenced by the validation and sensitivity analyses, our model was successful in identifying high-risk areas for LPAIV occurrence. Also, we show that the risk for virus occurrence is significantly higher in areas closer to commercial poultry farms. Although the active surveillance systems have been successful in detecting LPAIV-positive backyard farms and wild birds in Argentina, our predictions suggest that surveillance efforts in those compartments could be improved by including high-risk areas identified by our model. Our research provides a tool to guide surveillance activities in the future, and presents a mixed methodological approach which could be implemented in areas where the disease is exotic or rare and a knowledge-driven modelling method is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano F La Sala
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Sur), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Julián M Burgos
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Daniel E Blanco
- Wetlands International/Fundación Humedales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kim B Stevens
- Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Andrea R Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Administración, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Capobianco
- Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Sur), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Departamento de Matemática, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Fernando Tohmé
- Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Sur), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Pérez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Pramuwidyatama MG, Hogeveen H, Saatkamp HW. A Systematic Evaluation of Measures Against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Indonesia. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:33. [PMID: 30834252 PMCID: PMC6387902 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, many different control measures have been implemented to prevent HPAI infection. The national plan with numerous measures lead to problems in terms of prioritization and budget allocation. Our study objectives are to (i) establish an inventory of measures on HPAI control in Indonesia since the first actions were taken in 2004, (ii) evaluate preferences for different HPAI control measures applied in the West Java province at the district level during 2013–2017, and (iii) establish a basis for further qualitative and quantitative research to improve control for an endemic HPAI in Indonesia. This research was carried out according to the following five steps (i) development of an HPAI management framework for an endemic state, (ii) inventorization of measures directed at HPAI and description of the development of HPAI in Indonesia, (iii) development of a questionnaire for the experts involved, (iv) systematic evaluation of preferences for short- and long-term HPAI strategies and measures applied in the West Java Province based on expert opinion, and (v) data analysis. The study systematically evaluated in total 27 measures. The results of this study show that the animal disease management framework is helpful as a systematic structure to distinguish and evaluate strategies and measures. In our framework, we defined the following strategies: prevention, monitoring, control, mitigation, eradication, and human protection. The findings of our research show that the primary aims of the government were to safeguard humans from HPAI transmission by mitigating HPAI disease in livestock. The measures with the highest priority were preventive vaccination of poultry, biosecurity, and stamping-out infected flocks. This showed that the government predominantly chose a vaccination-based HPAI mitigation strategy. However, the chosen strategy has a low implementation feasibility. A collaboration between the responsible stakeholders farmers may increase the feasibility of the chosen strategy in the future. Furthermore, our findings provide a basis for research into the motivation of farmers to implement different measures as well as into the expected impact of different measures to develop an effective and efficient mitigation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henk Hogeveen
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Helmut W Saatkamp
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Carrique-Mas J, Van NTB, Cuong NV, Truong BD, Kiet BT, Thanh PTH, Lon NN, Giao VTQ, Hien VB, Padungtod P, Choisy M, Setyawan E, Rushton J, Thwaites G. Mortality, disease and associated antimicrobial use in commercial small-scale chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Prev Vet Med 2019; 165:15-22. [PMID: 30851923 PMCID: PMC6418316 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High mortality (2.6 chickens/100 chickens/week) in small-scale Mekong Delta flocks. Disease most common in the brooding period; mortality peaks in the 5–10 week period. Antimicrobials use (AMU) most common in the early (‘brooding’) period. Farmers tend to repeat AMU behavior over consecutive flock cycles. AMU was associated with the density of veterinary drug shops.
Raising chickens in small-scale flocks following all-in-all-out management is common in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. These flocks represent an intermediate category between backyard and intensive (industrial) farming systems. However, little is known about the occurrence and burden of disease and/or mortality in such flocks, and their potential association with antimicrobial usage (AMU). We investigated mortality, disease and weekly antimicrobial use (AMU) in 124 cycles of meat chicken flocks raised in 88 farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam (with a median cycle duration of 18 weeks [inter-quartile range IQR 17–20]). We visited each farm 4 times per cycle to review data collected weekly by the farmers on clinical signs, mortality, and AMU. The overall probability of disease and AMU were 0.31 (95% CI 0.29–0.32) and 0.26 (95% CI 0.24–0.28), respectively. The average weekly incidence of mortality was 2.6 (95% CI 2.2–3.0) per 100 birds. Both the probabilities of a flock experiencing disease and mortality, as well as of using antimicrobials decreased with the flock’s age. However, mortality peaked at the 5–10 week period. The only significant explanatory factors associated with presence of disease was the stage of production ≥5 weeks (protective) (OR ≤ 0.51). Factors independently associated with AMU (p < 0.05) were: (1) Number of chickens (log) (OR=1.46), (2) Stage of production ≥5 weeks (OR≤0.67) (protective), (3) Cao Lanh district (OR=2.23), (4) Density of veterinary drug shops at commune level (log) (OR=1.58), and (5) Disease in flocks (OR=1.80). Factors independently associated with overall increased weekly incidence of mortality (p < 0.05) were: (1) High level of education attainment (secondary education or higher) (Hazard rate Ratio [HR]=1.70), (2) number of chickens (log) (HR=1.39), and (3) Stage of production >5 weeks (HR≤2.14). In flocks reporting disease, AMU significantly reduced the incidence of mortality (HR=0.90). These results confirm an exceptionally high mortality in chicken flocks in the area, jeopardizing the profitability and sustainability of these small-scale farming systems. The data also suggest an association between nearby access to antimicrobials and AMU, and a high correlation of AMU over consecutive cycles. The atomized farming landscape of the Mekong Delta, the high incidence of disease and mortality, and the unrestricted and easy access to antimicrobials present major challenges to the implementation of policies aimed at AMU reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carrique-Mas
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Bao Dinh Truong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Bach Tuan Kiet
- Sub-Department of Animal Health, Cao Lanh, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Ngoc Lon
- Sub-Department of Animal Health, Cao Lanh, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | | | - Vo Be Hien
- Sub-Department of Animal Health, Cao Lanh, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - Pawin Padungtod
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Green One UN House Building, 304 Kim Ma, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marc Choisy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Erry Setyawan
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Samanta I, Joardar SN, Das PK. Biosecurity Strategies for Backyard Poultry: A Controlled Way for Safe Food Production. FOOD CONTROL AND BIOSECURITY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7149579 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811445-2.00014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The distribution, composition, and management characteristics of small "backyard" poultry flocks may have important implications in the spread of both avian diseases and zoonoses of public health concern. Although the prevalence of small poultry flocks has increased in Alberta, Canada, in recent years, there is minimal demographic information available for these populations. To gain initial epidemiologic insight into this growing population and potential areas of risk, a survey was conducted to characterize the sector. Information on flock demographics and bird health, as well as production and biosecurity practices, were gathered and analyzed from 206 surveys, representing respondents from 43 counties. These results revealed great diversity of both owners and flocks, characterized by wide variations in flock sizes and composition. Laying hens were the most commonly reported type of bird (93.4%), followed by ducks and geese (35.3%), turkeys, (33.8%), and broiler chickens (33.1%). Notably, 58.1% of owners reported having more than one type of bird in their flock, with many owners never, or only sometimes, separating flocks based on species or purpose. Personal consumption (81.8%) and sale of eggs (48.2%) were the most frequently cited purposes for owning a flock. Our findings suggest that owners in Alberta are predominantly new to production; most (73.1%) have kept birds for less than 5 yr and 25.6% for less than 1 yr. Flock health parameters revealed inconsistent use of medical interventions, such as vaccinations, treatments, and veterinary consultation. Data on the sourcing, housing, and movement of birds, as well as movement of people and visitors, reveal substantial potential for contact to occur directly and indirectly between flocks and humans. Additionally, basic husbandry and biosecurity practices were found to be inconsistent and often inadequate, highlighting important gaps and opportunities to improve the health of Alberta's small poultry flocks and mitigate risks to public health. These quantitative and qualitative results provide a baseline characterization of the sector and identify risks and challenges that may serve to inform the development and delivery of future study and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunu Mainali
- Animal Policy and Epidemiology Section, Animal Health Branch, Animal Health and Assurance Division, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, O.S. Longman Building, 6909 116th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6H 4P2
| | - Ilona Houston
- Animal Policy and Epidemiology Section, Animal Health Branch, Animal Health and Assurance Division, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, O.S. Longman Building, 6909 116th Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6H 4P2
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Ly S, Vong S, Cavailler P, Mumford E, Mey C, Rith S, Van Kerkhove MD, Sorn S, Sok T, Tarantola A, Buchy P. Environmental contamination and risk factors for transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) to humans, Cambodia, 2006-2010. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:631. [PMID: 27809855 PMCID: PMC5095992 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus has been of public health concern since 2003. Probable risk factors for A(H5N1) transmission to human have been demonstrated in several studies or epidemiological reports. However, transmission patterns may differ according to demographic characteristics of the population and local practices. This article aggregates these data from three studies with data collected in the previous surveys in 2006 and 2007 to further examine the risks factors associated with presence of anti-A(H5) antibodies among villagers residing within outbreak areas. METHODS We aggregated 5-year data (2006-2010) from serology survey and matched case-control studies in Cambodia to further examine the risks factors associated with A(H5N1) infection among villagers in the outbreak areas. RESULTS Serotesting among villagers detected 35 (1.5 % [0-2.6]) positive cases suggesting recent exposure to A(H5N1) virus. Practices associated with A(H5N1) infection among all ages were: having poultry cage or nesting area under or adjacent to the house (OR: 6.7 [1.6-28.3]; p = 0.010) and transporting poultry to market (OR: 17.6 [1.6-193.7]; p = 0.019). Practices found as risk factors for the infection among age under 20 years were swimming/bathing in ponds also accessed by domestic poultry (OR: 4.6 [1.1-19.1]; p = 0.038). Association with consuming wild birds reached borderline significance (p = 0.066). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that swimming/bathing in contaminated pond water and close contact with poultry may present a risk of A(H5N1) transmission to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowath Ly
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sirenda Vong
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Cavailler
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Agence de Médecine Préventive, Ferney-Voltaire, France
| | | | - Channa Mey
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sareth Rith
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - San Sorn
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Touch Sok
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Philippe Buchy
- Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- GSK Vaccines R&D, 150 Beach Road, 189720 Singapore, Singapore
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Paul MC, Goutard FL, Roulleau F, Holl D, Thanapongtharm W, Roger FL, Tran A. Quantitative assessment of a spatial multicriteria model for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Thailand, and application in Cambodia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31096. [PMID: 27489997 PMCID: PMC4977984 DOI: 10.1038/srep31096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 (HPAI) virus is now considered endemic in several Asian countries. In Cambodia, the virus has been circulating in the poultry population since 2004, with a dramatic effect on farmers' livelihoods and public health. In Thailand, surveillance and control are still important to prevent any new H5N1 incursion. Risk mapping can contribute effectively to disease surveillance and control systems, but is a very challenging task in the absence of reliable disease data. In this work, we used spatial multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to produce risk maps for HPAI H5N1 in poultry. We aimed to i) evaluate the performance of the MCDA approach to predict areas suitable for H5N1 based on a dataset from Thailand, comparing the predictive capacities of two sources of a priori knowledge (literature and experts), and ii) apply the best method to produce a risk map for H5N1 in poultry in Cambodia. Our results showed that the expert-based model had a very high predictive capacity in Thailand (AUC = 0.97). Applied in Cambodia, MCDA mapping made it possible to identify hotspots suitable for HPAI H5N1 in the Tonlé Sap watershed, around the cities of Battambang and Kampong Cham, and along the Vietnamese border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde C. Paul
- CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- EPIA, INRA, 63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Flavie L. Goutard
- CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, 10900 Bangkok, Thaïland
- Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Floriane Roulleau
- CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Davun Holl
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - François L. Roger
- CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, 10900 Bangkok, Thaïland
- Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Annelise Tran
- CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR TETIS, F-34398, Montpellier, France
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Goutard FL, Binot A, Duboz R, Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo H, Pedrono M, Holl D, Peyre MI, Cappelle J, Chevalier V, Figuié M, Molia S, Roger FL. How to reach the poor? Surveillance in low-income countries, lessons from experiences in Cambodia and Madagascar. Prev Vet Med 2015; 120:12-26. [PMID: 25842000 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance of animal diseases in developing countries faces many constraints. Innovative tools and methods to enhance surveillance in remote and neglected areas should be defined, assessed and applied in close connection with local farmers, national stakeholders and international agencies. The authors performed a narrative synthesis of their own publications about surveillance in Madagascar and Cambodia. They analysed the data in light of their fieldwork experiences in the two countries' very challenging environments. The burden of animal and zoonotic diseases (e.g. avian influenza, African swine fever, Newcastle disease, Rift Valley fever) is huge in both countries which are among the poorest in the world. Being poor countries implies a lack of human and financial means to ensure effective surveillance of emerging and endemic diseases. Several recent projects have shown that new approaches can be proposed and tested in the field. Several advanced participatory approaches are promising and could be part of an innovative method for improving the dialogue among different actors in a surveillance system. Thus, participatory modelling, developed for natural resources management involving local stakeholders, could be applied to health management, including surveillance. Data transmission could benefit from the large mobile-phone coverage in these countries. Ecological studies and advances in the field of livestock surveillance should guide methods for enhancing wildlife monitoring and surveillance. Under the umbrella of the One Health paradigm, and in the framework of a risk-based surveillance concept, a combination of participatory methods and modern technologies could help to overcome the constraints present in low-income countries. These unconventional approaches should be merged in order to optimise surveillance of emerging and endemic diseases in challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Goutard
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - A Binot
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R Duboz
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; AIT, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - M Pedrono
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; FOFIFA, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - D Holl
- NaVRI, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - M I Peyre
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; NIVR, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - J Cappelle
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - V Chevalier
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France
| | - M Figuié
- Cirad, MOISA Research Unit, Montpellier, France
| | - S Molia
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - F L Roger
- Cirad, AGIRs Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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