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Wideband Magnetic Excitation System for Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilevers with Megahertz-Order Resonance Frequency. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9133. [PMID: 32499532 PMCID: PMC7272457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cantilevers with a megahertz-order resonance frequency provide excellent sensitivity and speed in liquid-environment atomic force microscopy (AFM). However, stable and accurate oscillation control of a small cantilever requires the photothermal excitation, which has hindered their applications to the studies on photo-sensitive materials. Here, we develop a magnetic excitation system with a bandwidth wider than 4 MHz, enabling a light-free excitation of small cantilevers. In the system, a cantilever with a magnetic bead is driven by a magnetic field generated by a coil. In the coil driver, a differentiation circuit is used for compensating the frequency dependence of the coil impedance and keeping the current constant. By implementing several differentiation circuits with different frequency ranges, we enable to drive various cantilevers having different resonance frequencies with sufficient excitation efficiency. In contrast to the conventional coil driver with a closed-loop circuit, the developed one consists of an open-loop circuit and hence can be stably operated regardless of the coil design. With the developed system, atomic-resolution imaging of mica in liquid using a small cantilever with a megahertz-order resonance frequency is demonstrated. This development should lead to the future applications of AFM with small cantilevers to the studies on various photo-sensitive materials and phenomena.
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2
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Mapping heterogeneity of cellular mechanics by multi-harmonic atomic force microscopy. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:2200-2216. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Meng X, Zhang H, Song J, Fan X, Sun L, Xie H. Broad modulus range nanomechanical mapping by magnetic-drive soft probes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1944. [PMID: 29208894 PMCID: PMC5717272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stiffness matching between the probe and deformed portion of the sample in piezo-drive peak force modulation atomic force microscopy (AFM) limits the modulus measurement range of single probes. Here we develop a magnetic drive peak force modulation AFM to broaden the dynamic range of the probe with direct cantilever excitation. This approach not only successfully drives the softest commercial probe (6 pN nm-1) for mapping extremely soft samples in liquid but also provides an indentation force of hundreds of nanonewtons for stiff samples with a soft probe. Features of direct measurements of the indentation force and depth can unify the elastic modulus range up to four orders of magnitude, from 1 kPa to 10 MPa (in liquid) and 1 MPa to 20 GPa (in air or liquid) using a single probe. This approach can be particularly useful for analysing heterogeneous samples with large elastic modulus variations in multi-environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jianmin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xinjian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lining Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, Harbin, 150080, China.
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Peng Y, Jin X, Zheng Y, Han D, Liu K, Jiang L. Direct Imaging of Superwetting Behavior on Solid-Liquid-Vapor Triphase Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28869679 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A solid-liquid-vapor interface dominated by a three-phase contact line usually serves as an active area for interfacial reactions and provides a vital clue to surface behavior. Recently, direct imaging of the triphase interface of superwetting interfaces on the microscale/nanoscale has attracted broad scientific attention for both theoretical research and practical applications, and has gradually become an efficient and intuitive approach to explore the wetting behaviors of various multiphase interfaces. Here, recent progress on characterizing the solid-liquid-vapor triphase interface on the microscale/nanoscale with diverse types of imaging apparatus is summarized. Moreover, the accurate, visible, and quantitative information that can be obtained shows the real interfacial morphology of the wetting behaviors of multiphase interfaces. On the basis of fundamental research, technical innovations in imaging and complicated multiphase interfaces of the superwetting surface are also briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xu Jin
- Research Institute of Petroleum, Exploration and Development, Petro China, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Yamada S, Isogai T, Tero R, Tanaka-Takiguchi Y, Ujihara T, Kinoshita M, Takiguchi K. Septin Interferes with the Temperature-Dependent Domain Formation and Disappearance of Lipid Bilayer Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12823-12832. [PMID: 27934514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Domain formation or compartmentalization in a lipid bilayer membrane has been thought to take place dynamically in cell membranes and play important roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of their physiological functions. In addition, the membrane skeleton, which is a protein assembly beneath the cell membrane, also regulates the properties as well as the morphology of membranes because of its role as a diffusion barrier against constitutive molecules of the membrane or as a scaffold for physiological reactions. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between lipid bilayer membranes and proteins that form the membrane skeleton. Among cytoskeletal systems, septin is unique because it forms arrays on liposomes that contain phosphoinositides, and this property is thought to contribute to the formation of the annulus in sperm flagellum. In this study, a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) was used to investigate the effect of septin on lipid bilayers because SLBs rather than liposomes are suitable for observation of the membrane domains formed. We found that SLBs containing phosphatidylinositol (PI) reversibly form domains by decreasing the temperature and that septin affects both the formation and the disappearance of the cooling-induced domain. Septin inhibits the growth of cooling-induced domains during decreases in temperature and inhibits the dispersion and the disappearance of those domains during increases in temperature. These results indicate that septin complexes, i.e., filaments or oligomers assembling on the surface of lipid bilayer membranes, can regulate the dynamics of domain formation via their behavior as an anchor for PI molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryugo Tero
- The Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kingo Takiguchi
- Structural Biology Research Center, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Nalam PC, Gosvami NN, Caporizzo MA, Composto RJ, Carpick RW. Nano-rheology of hydrogels using direct drive force modulation atomic force microscopy. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8165-78. [PMID: 26337502 PMCID: PMC4839974 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a magnetic force-based direct drive modulation method to measure local nano-rheological properties of soft materials across a broad frequency range (10 Hz to 2 kHz) using colloid-attached atomic force microscope (AFM) probes in liquid. The direct drive method enables artefact-free measurements over several decades of excitation frequency, and avoids the need to evaluate medium-induced hydrodynamic drag effects. The method was applied to measure the local mechanical properties of polyacrylamide hydrogels. The frequency-dependent storage stiffness, loss stiffness, and loss tangent (tan δ) were quantified for hydrogels having high and low crosslinking densities by measuring the amplitude and the phase response of the cantilever while the colloid was in contact with the hydrogel. The frequency bandwidth was further expanded to lower effective frequencies (0.1 Hz to 10 Hz) by obtaining force-displacement (FD) curves. Slow FD measurements showed a recoverable but highly hysteretic response, with the contact mechanical behaviour dependent on the loading direction: approach curves showed Hertzian behaviour while retraction curves fit the JKR contact mechanics model well into the adhesive regime, after which multiple detachment instabilities occurred. Using small amplitude dynamic modulation to explore faster rates, the load dependence of the storage stiffness transitioned from Hertzian to a dynamic punch-type (constant contact area) model, indicating significant influence of material dissipation coupled with adhesion. Using the appropriate contact model across the full frequency range measured, the storage moduli were found to remain nearly constant until an increase began near ∼100 Hz. The softer gels' storage modulus increased from 7.9 ± 0.4 to 14.5 ± 2.1 kPa (∼85%), and the stiffer gels' storage modulus increased from 16.3 ± 1.1 to 31.7 ± 5.0 kPa (∼95%). This increase at high frequencies may be attributed to a contribution from solvent confinement in the hydrogel (poroelasticity). The storage moduli measured by both macro-rheometry and AFM FD curves were comparable to those measured using the modulation method at their overlapping frequencies (10-25 Hz). In all cases, care was taken to ensure the contact mechanics models were applied within the important limit of small relative deformations. This study thus highlights possible transitions in the probe-material contact mechanical behaviour for soft matter, especially when the applied strain rates and the material relaxation rates become comparable. In particular, at low frequencies, the modulus follows Hertzian contact mechanics, while at high frequencies adhesive contact is well represented by punch-like behaviour. More generally, use of the Hertz model on hydrogels at high loading rates, at high strains, or during the retraction portion of FD curves, leads to significant errors in the calculated moduli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathima C Nalam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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7
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Lou Z, Wang B, Guo C, Wang K, Zhang H, Xu B. Molecular-level insights of early-stage prion protein aggregation on mica and gold surface determined by AFM imaging and molecular simulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:371-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Micropattern of antibodies imaged by shear force microscopy: comparison between classical and jumping modes. Ultramicroscopy 2013; 136:176-84. [PMID: 24184681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quartz tuning fork devices are increasingly being used as nanosensors in Scanning Probe Microscopy. They offer some benefits with respect to standard microfabricated cantilevers in certain experimental setups including the study of biomolecules under physiological conditions. In this work, we compare three different working modes for imaging micropatterned antibodies with quartz tuning fork sensors: apart from the classical amplitude and frequency modulation strategies, for first time the jumping mode is implemented using tuning forks. Our results show that the molecules suffer less degradation when working in the jumping mode, due to the reduction of the interaction forces.
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9
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Li J, Deng Z, Chen D, Ao Z, Sun Q, Feng J, Yin B, Han L, Han D. High-speed AFM for scanning the architecture of living cells. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:8355-8358. [PMID: 23771183 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We address the modelling of tip-cell membrane interactions under high speed atomic force microscopy. Using a home-made device with a scanning area of 100 × 100 μm(2), in situ imaging of living cells is successfully performed under loading rates from 1 to 50 Hz, intending to enable detailed descriptions of physiological processes in living samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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10
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Marchand DJ, Hsiao E, Kim SH. Non-contact AFM imaging in water using electrically driven cantilever vibration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6762-6769. [PMID: 23638991 DOI: 10.1021/la4002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging mode is presented that can simultaneously record surface topography and local electrical properties in aqueous solutions without mechanical contact between the AFM tip and the sample. The interaction between the electrically biased tip and the grounded sample in aqueous medium causes the AFM cantilever to vibrate. This operation mode is based on the previously developed SPFM technique, though using water as the medium instead of air introduces some important practical and theoretical differences, and also greatly extends the applicability of this technique. There are two vibration modes, one at the frequency of the applied voltage (ω) and one at twice this frequency (2ω). The surface topography can be imaged using feedback control of the 2ω vibration amplitude, which is very sensitive to the tip-sample separation distance in the range of 1-10 nm. The amplitude and phase of the 1ω vibration can be recorded simultaneously during imaging to obtain information on local surface charge or potential differences. Similar techniques exist for imaging in air or vacuum, but the addition of a polarizable medium such as water adds significant theoretical and practical complexities. This paper addresses those complexities and demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique for surface imaging and analysis in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marchand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Wang J, Quirk A, Lipkowski J, Dutcher JR, Hill C, Mark A, Clarke AJ. Real-time observation of the swelling and hydrolysis of a single crystalline cellulose fiber catalyzed by cellulase 7B from Trichoderma reesei. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9664-9672. [PMID: 22646051 DOI: 10.1021/la301030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of cellulose involves the enzymatic action of cellulases (endoglucanases), cellobiohydrolases (exoglucanases), and β-glucosidases that act synergistically. The rate and efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose in vitro decline markedly with time, limiting the large-scale, cost-effective production of cellulosic biofuels. Several factors have been suggested to contribute to this phenomenon, but there is considerable disagreement regarding the relative importance of each. These earlier investigations were hampered by the inability to observe the disruption of crystalline cellulose and its subsequent hydrolysis directly. Here, we show the application of high-resolution atomic force microscopy to observe the swelling of a single crystalline cellulose fiber and its-hydrolysis in real time directly as catalyzed by a single cellulase, the industrially important cellulase 7B from Trichoderma reesei. Volume changes, the root-mean-square roughness, and rates of hydrolysis of the surfaces of single fibers were determined directly from the images acquired over time. Hydrolysis dominated the early stage of the experiment, and swelling dominated the later stage. The high-resolution images revealed that the combined action of initial hydrolysis followed by swelling exposed individual microfibrils and bundles of microfibrils, resulting in the loosening of the fiber structure and the exposure of microfibrils at the fiber surface. Both the hydrolysis and swelling were catalyzed by the native cellulase; under the same conditions, its isolated carbohydrate-binding module did not cause changes to crystalline cellulose. We anticipate that the application of our AFM-based analysis on other cellulolytic enzymes, alone and in combination, will provide significant insight into the process of cellulose biodegradation and greatly facilitate its application for the efficient and economical production of cellulosic ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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12
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Creasey R, Sharma S, Gibson CT, Craig JE, Ebner A, Becker T, Hinterdorfer P, Voelcker NH. Atomic force microscopy-based antibody recognition imaging of proteins in the pathological deposits in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Ultramicroscopy 2011; 111:1055-61. [PMID: 21740868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of protein aggregation is of considerable interest to various disciplines, including the field of medicine. A range of disease pathologies are associated with this phenomenon. One of the ocular diseases hallmarked by protein aggregation is the Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) Syndrome. This condition is characterized by the deposition of insoluble proteinaceous material on the anterior human lens capsule. Genomic and proteomic analyses have revealed an association of specific genetic markers and various proteins, respectively, with PEX syndrome. However, the ultrastructure of the protein aggregates is poorly characterized. This study seeks to build capacity to determine the molecular nature of PEX aggregates on human lens capsules in their native state by AFM-based antibody recognition imaging. Lysyl oxidase-Like 1 (LOXL1), a protein identified as a component of PEX aggregates, is detected by an antibody-modified AFM probe. Topographical AFM images and antibody recognition images are obtained using three AFM-based techniques: TREC, phase and force-volume imaging. LOXL1 is found to be present on the lens capsule surface, and is localized around fibrous protein aggregates. Our evaluation shows that TREC imaging is best suited for human tissue imaging and holds significant potential for imaging of human disease tissues in their native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Creasey
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University of SA, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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13
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Chen L, Chu W, Xu Y, Chen P, Lao F, Sun Q, Feng X, Han D. Time-series investigation of fused vesicles in microvessel endothelial cells with atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:152-9. [PMID: 19725060 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vesicles or caveolae within endothelial cells, fusing together to form vacuolar organelles, are implicated in macromolecular transport and cellular element transmigration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during inflammation and ischemia. Vacuolar organelles have been described by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, but the details of their dynamics have not been well addressed yet. Herein, by using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), we observed the time-series changes of fused vesicles within the serum-free cultured rat cerebral microvessel endothelial cells. The fused vesicles were certainly proved by fluorescent staining of Fm4-64 combining simultaneous AFM imaging, as well as the field emission scanning electron microscopy technique. And energy dispersive spectrum results additionally implied that there may be specific structure and compositions around the vesicle region. These results indicate that increased vesicles in BBB may contribute to the formation of fused vesicles and a higher probability to construct the trans-endothelial channel across endothelium layer. Furthermore, the AFM application may open up a new approach to investigate the details of transcellular process by fused vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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Fan H, Chen P, Qi R, Zhai J, Wang J, Chen L, Chen L, Sun Q, Song Y, Han D, Jiang L. Greatly improved blood compatibility by microscopic multiscale design of surface architectures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:2144-2148. [PMID: 19565617 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Fan
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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15
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Application of atomic force microscopy to living samples from cells to fresh tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Chen L, Liu M, Bai H, Chen P, Xia F, Han D, Jiang L. Antiplatelet and Thermally Responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Surface with Nanoscale Topography. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:10467-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9019935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, National Centre for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, National Centre for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, National Centre for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, National Centre for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, National Centre for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, National Centre for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, National Centre for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Dulebo A, Preiner J, Kienberger F, Kada G, Rankl C, Chtcheglova L, Lamprecht C, Kaftan D, Hinterdorfer P. Second harmonic atomic force microscopy imaging of live and fixed mammalian cells. Ultramicroscopy 2009; 109:1056-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Li JR, Lewandowski BR, Xu S, Garno JC. Detecting the Magnetic Response of Iron Oxide Capped Organosilane Nanostructures Using Magnetic Sample Modulation and Atomic Force Microscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4792-802. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900369v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Nanotechnology Measurements Division, Agilent Technologies, Inc., 4330 W. Chandler Road, Chandler, Arizona 85226
| | - Brian R. Lewandowski
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Nanotechnology Measurements Division, Agilent Technologies, Inc., 4330 W. Chandler Road, Chandler, Arizona 85226
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Nanotechnology Measurements Division, Agilent Technologies, Inc., 4330 W. Chandler Road, Chandler, Arizona 85226
| | - Jayne C. Garno
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Nanotechnology Measurements Division, Agilent Technologies, Inc., 4330 W. Chandler Road, Chandler, Arizona 85226
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19
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Daniels SL, Ngunjiri JN, Garno JC. Investigation of the magnetic properties of ferritin by AFM imaging with magnetic sample modulation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:215-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Barattin R, Voyer N. Chemical modifications of AFM tips for the study of molecular recognition events. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1513-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b614328h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Diakowski PM, Ding Z. Interrogation of living cells using alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5966-74. [PMID: 18004408 DOI: 10.1039/b711448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present the application of alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) to the study of living cells. Commercial AFM instrumentation was modified to allow for performing robust AC-SECM measurements. Constant height AC imaging of the Cos-7 cells, performed directly in cell culture medium without the addition of a redox mediator, provided topographical information of the cell. Stationary tip measurements on the AC current were carried out to investigate the cellular activity of a single cell. The dependence of AC current magnitude on tip-to-sample separation distance was used to monitor real time changes in cell height of individual Cos-7 cells. Furthermore, AC-SECM was employed to observe changes in metabolic cellular activity stimulated by ethanol and phorbol-1,2-myristate-acetate-3. The effect of changing cellular activity on constant height AC-SECM imaging was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr M Diakowski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Kienberger F, Costa LT, Zhu R, Kada G, Reithmayer M, Chtcheglova L, Rankl C, Pacheco ABF, Thalhammer S, Pastushenko V, Heckl WM, Blaas D, Hinterdorfer P. Dynamic force microscopy imaging of plasmid DNA and viral RNA. Biomaterials 2007; 28:2403-11. [PMID: 17291581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid DNA and viral RNA were imaged in a liquid environment by dynamic force microscopy (DFM) and fine structures of DNA with heights of 1.82+/-0.66 nm were obtained in topographical images. In simultaneously acquired phase images, DNA could be imaged with better contrast at lower imaging forces. By splitting the cantilever oscillation signal into lower and upper parts, the contribution of the adhesion between tip and sample to the topographical images was eliminated, resulting in better signal-to-noise ratio. DFM of the single stranded RNA genome of a human rhinovirus showed loops protruding from a condensed RNA core, 20-50 nm in height. The mechanical rigidity of the RNA was determined by single molecule pulling experiments. From fitting RNA stretching curves to the Worm-Like-Chain (WLC) model a persistence length of 1.0+/-0.17 nm was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferry Kienberger
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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