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Shen Y, Shen Y, Bi X, Shen A, Wang Y, Ding F. Application of Nanoparticles as Novel Adsorbents in Blood Purification Strategies. Blood Purif 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38740012 DOI: 10.1159/000539286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood purification therapy for patients overloaded with metabolic toxins or drugs still needs improvement. Blood purification therapies, such as in hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis can profit from a combined application with nanoparticles. SUMMARY In this review, the published literature is analyzed with respect to nanomaterials that have been customized and functionalized as nano-adsorbents during blood purification therapy. Liposomes possess a distinct combined structure composed of a hydrophobic lipid bilayer and a hydrophilic core. The liposomes which have enzymes in their aqueous core or obtain specific surface modifications of the lipid bilayer can offer appreciated advantages. Preclinical and clinical experiments with such modified liposomes show that they are highly efficient and generally safe. They may serve as indirect and direct adsorption materials both in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment for patients with renal or hepatic failure. Apart from dialysis, nanoparticles made of specially designed metal and activated carbon have also been utilized to enhance the removal of solutes during hemoadsorption. Results are a superior adsorption capacity and good hemocompatibility shown during the treatment of patients with toxication or end-stage renal disease. In summary, nanomaterials are promising tools for improving the treatment efficacy of organ failure or toxication. KEY MESSAGES (i) The pH-transmembrane liposomes and enzyme-loaded liposomes are two representatives of liposomes with modified aqueous inner core which have been put into practice in dialysis. (ii) Unmodified or physiochemically modified liposomal bilayers are ideal binders for lipophilic protein-bound uremic toxins or cholestatic solutes, thus liposome-supported dialysis could become the next-generation hemodialysis treatment of artificial liver support system. (iii) Novel nano-based sorbents featuring large surface area, high adsorption capacity and decent biocompatibility have shown promise in the treatment of uremia, hyperbilirubinemia, intoxication, and sepsis. (vi) A major challenge of production lies in avoiding changes in physical and chemical properties induced by manufacturing and sterilizing procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Yuqi Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Bi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiwen Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao D, Gao L, Huang X, Chen G, Gao B, Wang J, Gu M, Wang F. Complementary imaging of nanoclusters interacting with mitochondria via stimulated emission depletion and scanning transmission electron microscopy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133371. [PMID: 38185082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The emerging stress caused by nanomaterials in the environment is of great concern because they can have toxic effects on organisms. However, thorough study of the interactions between cells and diverse nanoparticles (NPs) using a unified approach is challenging. Here, we present a novel approach combining stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for quantitative assessment, real-time tracking, and in situ imaging of the intracellular behavior of gold-silver nanoclusters (AuAgNCs), based on their fluorescence and electron properties. The results revealed an aggregated state of AuAgNCs within the mitochondria and an increase in sulfur content in AuAgNCs, presumably owing to their reaction with thiol-containing molecules inside the mitochondria. Moreover, AuAgNCs (100 μg/mL) induced a 75% decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and a 12-fold increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in comparison to control. This mitochondrial damage may be triggered by the reaction of AuAgNCs with thiol, which provides direct imaging evidence for uncovering the action mechanism of AuAgNCs on the mitochondria. The proposed dual-imaging strategy using STED and STEM is a potential tool to offer valuable insights into cytotoxicity between subcellular structures and diverse NPs, and can serve as a key strategy for nanomaterial biosafety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Fu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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3
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Weisbord I, Segal-Peretz T. Revealing the 3D Structure of Block Copolymers with Electron Microscopy: Current Status and Future Directions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58003-58022. [PMID: 37338172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) are considered model systems for understanding and utilizing self-assembly in soft matter. Their tunable nanometric structure and composition enable comprehensive studies of self-assembly processes as well as make them relevant materials in diverse applications. A key step in developing and controlling BCP nanostructures is a full understanding of their three-dimensional (3D) structure and how this structure is affected by the BCP chemistry, confinement, boundary conditions, and the self-assembly evolution and dynamics. Electron microscopy (EM) is a leading method in BCP 3D characterization owing to its high resolution in imaging nanosized structures. Here we discuss the two main 3D EM methods: namely, transmission EM tomography and slice and view scanning EM tomography. We present each method's principles, examine their strengths and weaknesses, and discuss ways researchers have devised to overcome some of the challenges in BCP 3D characterization with EM- from specimen preparation to imaging radiation-sensitive materials. Importantly, we review current and new cutting-edge EM methods such as direct electron detectors, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of soft matter, high temporal rate imaging, and single-particle analysis that have great potential for expanding the BCP understanding through EM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Weisbord
- Chemical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Li M, Ling L. Visualizing Dynamic Environmental Processes in Liquid at Nanoscale via Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15503-15511. [PMID: 35969015 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing the structure and processes in liquids at the nanoscale is essential for understanding the fundamental mechanisms and underlying processes of environmental research. Cutting-edge progress of in situ liquid-phase (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (LP-S/TEM) and inferred possible applications are highlighted as a more and more indispensable tool for visualization of dynamic environmental processes in this Perspective. Advancements in nanofabrication technology, high-speed imaging, comprehensive detectors, and spectroscopy analysis have made it increasingly convenient to use LP S/TEM, thus providing an approach for visualization of direct and insightful scientific information with the exciting possibility of solving an increasing number of tricky environmental problems. This includes evaluating the transformation fate and path of contamination, assessing toxicology of nanomaterials, simulating solid surface corrosion processes in the environment, and observing water pollution control processes. Distinct nanoscale or even atomic understanding of the reaction would provide dependable and precise identification and quantification of contaminants in dynamic processes, thus facilitating trouble-tracing of environmental problems with amplifying complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lan Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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5
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Zhao Y, Zhang W, Van Devener B, Bunch TD, Zhou A, Isom SC. In-situ characterization of porcine fibroblasts in response to silver ions by Raman spectroscopy and liquid scanning transmission electron microscopy. Talanta 2022; 246:123522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Biological Applications of the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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González-Cabrera M, Wieland K, Eitenberger E, Bleier A, Brunnbauer L, Limbeck A, Hutter H, Haisch C, Lendl B, Domínguez-Vidal A, Ayora-Cañada MJ. Multisensor hyperspectral imaging approach for the microchemical analysis of ultramarine blue pigments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:707. [PMID: 35027601 PMCID: PMC8758711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a multisensor hyperspectral approach for the characterization of ultramarine blue, a valuable historical pigment, at the microscopic scale combining the information of four analytical techniques at the elemental and molecular levels. The hyperspectral images collected were combined in a single hypercube, where the pixels of the various spectral components are aligned on top of each other. Selected spectral descriptors have been defined to reduce data dimensionality before applying unsupervised chemometric data analysis approaches. Lazurite, responsible for the blue color of the pigment, was detected as the major mineral phase present in synthetic and good quality pigments. Impurities like pyrite were detected in lower quality samples, although the clear identification of other mineral phases with silicate basis was more difficult. There is no correlation between the spatial distribution of the bands arising in the Raman spectra of natural samples in the region 1200-1850 cm-1 and any of the transition metals or rare earth elements (REE). With this information, the previous hypothesis (based on bulk analysis) attributing these bands to luminescence emissions due to impurities of these elements must be revised. We propose the consideration of CO2 molecules trapped in the cages of the aluminosilicate structure of sodalite-type. Additionally, correlation between certain Raman features and the combined presence of Ca, P, and REE, in particular Nd, was detected for the lowest quality pigment. Our results highlight the usefulness of fusing chemical images obtained via different imaging techniques to obtain relevant information on chemical structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M González-Cabrera
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - K Wieland
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - E Eitenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Bleier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Brunnbauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Hutter
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Haisch
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - B Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Domínguez-Vidal
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - M J Ayora-Cañada
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
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Kanclerz P, Yildirim TM, Khoramnia R. Microscopic Characteristics of Late Intraocular Lens Opacifications. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:759-767. [PMID: 33091924 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0626-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— The increases in overall life expectancy and in lens surgeries performed on younger patients have resulted in a significant increase in the anticipated duration of artificial intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the eye. Thus, the physicochemical properties of the IOL become a critical issue, and several types of postoperative IOL opacifications have been reported. OBJECTIVE.— To describe the microscopic characteristics of opacified IOLs. Glistenings and subsurface nanoglistenings are fluid-related phenomena developing mainly in hydrophobic acrylic IOLs and are associated with aqueous influx into the IOL matrix. Calcification presents in hydrophilic acrylic or silicone IOLs as deposits of hydroxyapatite or other phases of calcium. Snowflake degeneration is less common, and it manifests in older polymethyl methacrylate IOLs. DATA SOURCES.— PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched for the following keywords: intraocular lens, IOL, cataract surgery, phacoemulsification, opacification, glistening, subsurface nanoglistenings, calcification, snowflake degeneration. English-language articles published up to October 15, 2019 were included in the study. The manuscript contains mainly a literature review; however, it was supplemented with original investigations from the David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology. CONCLUSIONS.— Glistenings and subsurface nanoglistenings should be evaluated in a hydrated state and at room temperature; they manifest as microvacuoles sized from 1.0 to greater than 25.0 μm and less than 200 nm, respectively. Calcification deposits are situated on or underneath the surface of the IOL and can be stained with a 1% alizarin red solution or with the von Kossa method. Snowflake degeneration manifests as "particles" or "crystals," causing whitish IOL discoloration. Scanning electron microscopy or energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy may improve the diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kanclerz
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Hygeia Clinic, Gdańsk, Poland (Kanclerz)
| | - Timur Mert Yildirim
- The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Yildirim, Khoramnia)
| | - Ramin Khoramnia
- The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (Yildirim, Khoramnia)
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Asthana S, Bhattacharyya D, Kumari S, Nayak PS, Saleem M, Bhunia A, Jha S. Interaction with zinc oxide nanoparticle kinetically traps α-synuclein fibrillation into off-pathway non-toxic intermediates. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:68-79. [PMID: 32004598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered amyloidogenic protein associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The monomeric α-synuclein transition into amyloid fibril involves multiple steps, which are affected by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This increases complexities in development of targeted therapeutics against the pathological intermediate(s). Several studies have been dedicated to find an effective molecule to inhibit the detrimental amyloidogenesis. In recent years, metal oxide nanoparticle interfaces have shown direct effects on protein conformation, hence may be adopted as an alternative potential therapeutic approach against amyloidosis. In this context, our study explores the zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONP) with negative surface potential interface interaction with α-synuclein, and subsequent impact of the interaction on the protein fibrillation and the fibril-mediated cytotoxicity. N-terminus amphipathic "KA/TKE/QGV" repeating motifs in α-synuclein primarily interact with the ZnONP interface that enthalpically drives initial adsorption of the protein onto the interface. Whereas, subsequent bulk-protein adsorption onto the hard-corona is entropically driven, leading into flocculation of the complex. The flocs appear as amorphous mesh-like morphology in TEM micrographs, as opposed to the typical fibrils formed by the wild-type protein. Interestingly, α-synuclein in complex with ZnONP shows significantly lowered cytotoxicity against the IMR32 and THP-1 cells in-vitro, as compared to fresh α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Asthana
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | | | - Swati Kumari
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Parth Sarathi Nayak
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India; School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Odisha 752059, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Suman Jha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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10
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Firlar E, Ouy M, Covnot L, Xing Y, Lee D, Chan A, He Y, Song B, Afelik S, Wang Y, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Oberholzer J, Shokuhfar T. In situ graphene liquid cell-transmission electron microscopy study of insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:371-382. [PMID: 30662261 PMCID: PMC6327893 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s169506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet cell transplantation is one of the key treatments for type 1 diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms of insulin fusion and exocytosis are of utmost importance for the improvement of the current islet cell transplantation and treatment of diabetes. These phenomena have not been fully evaluated due either to the lack of proper dynamic imaging, or the lack of proper cell preservation during imaging at nanoscales. METHODS By maintaining the native environment of pancreatic β-cells between two graphene monolayer sheets, we were able to monitor the subcellular events using in situ graphene liquid cell (GLC)-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with both high temporal and high spatial resolution. RESULTS For the first time, the nucleation and growth of insulin particles until the later stages of fusion were imaged at nanometer scales. The release of insulin from plasma membrane involves the degradation of plasma membrane and drastic reductions in the shorter axis of the insulin particles. Sequential exocytosis results indicated the nucleation, growth and attachment of the new insulin particles to the already anchored ones, which is thermodynamically favorable due to the reduction in total surface, further reducing the Gibbs free energy. The retraction of the already anchored insulin toward the cell is also monitored for the first time live at nanoscale resolution. CONCLUSION Investigation of insulin granule dynamics in β-cells can be investigated via GLC-TEM. Our findings with this technology open new realms for the development of novel drugs on pathological pancreatic β-cells, because this approach facilitates observing the effects of the stimuli on the live cells and insulin granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Firlar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Meagan Ouy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Leigha Covnot
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Yuan Xing
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alessandro Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi He
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Boao Song
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Solomon Afelik
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA,
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
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Graham UM, Oberdörster G, Case B, Dozier A. A case study of the translocation, bioprocessing and tissue interactions of EMP following inhalation exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 361:81-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Insulin adsorption onto zinc oxide nanoparticle mediates conformational rearrangement into amyloid-prone structure with enhanced cytotoxic propensity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:153-166. [PMID: 30315849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injection localized amyloidosis is one of the most prevalent disorders in type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM) patients relying on insulin injections. Previous studies have reported that nanoparticles can play a role in the amyloidogenic process of proteins. Hence, the present study deals with the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) on the amyloidogenicity and cytotoxicity of insulin. METHODS ZnONP is synthesised and characterized using XRD, Zeta Sizer, UV-Visible spectroscope and TEM. The characterization is followed by ZnONP interaction with insulin, which is studied employing fluorescence spectroscopes, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction leads insulin conformational rearrangement into amyloid-like fibril, which is studied using thioflavin T dye binding assay, circular dichroism spectroscopy and TEM, followed by cytotoxicity propensity using Alamar Blue dye reduction assay. RESULTS Insulin has very weak interaction with ZnONP interface. Insulin at studied concentration forms amorphous aggregates at physiological pH, whereas in presence of ZnONP interface amyloid-like fibrils are formed. While the amyloid-like fibrils are cytotoxic to MIN6 and THP-1 cell lines, insulin and ZnONP individual solutions and their fresh mixtures enhance the cells proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The presence of ZnONP interface enhances insulin fibrillation at physiological pH by providing a favourable template for the nucleation and growth of insulin amyloids. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The studied protein-nanoparticle system from protein conformational dynamics point of view throws caution over nanoparticle use in biological applications, especially in vivo applications, considering the amyloidosis a very slow but non-curable degenerative disease.
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13
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ColorEM: analytical electron microscopy for element-guided identification and imaging of the building blocks of life. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:509-520. [PMID: 30120552 PMCID: PMC6182685 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanometer-scale identification of multiple targets is crucial to understand how biomolecules regulate life. Markers, or probes, of specific biomolecules help to visualize and to identify. Electron microscopy (EM), the highest resolution imaging modality, provides ultrastructural information where several subcellular structures can be readily identified. For precise tagging of (macro)molecules, electron-dense probes, distinguishable in gray-scale EM, are being used. However, practically these genetically-encoded or immune-targeted probes are limited to three targets. In correlated microscopy, fluorescent signals are overlaid on the EM image, but typically without the nanometer-scale resolution and limited to visualization of few targets. Recently, analytical methods have become more sensitive, which has led to a renewed interest to explore these for imaging of elements and molecules in cells and tissues in EM. Here, we present the current state of nanoscale imaging of cells and tissues using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and touch upon secondary ion mass spectroscopy at the nanoscale (NanoSIMS). ColorEM is the term encompassing these analytical techniques the results of which are then displayed as false-color at the EM scale. We highlight how ColorEM will become a strong analytical nano-imaging tool in life science microscopy.
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Castro FC, Dravid VP. Characterization of Lithium Ion Battery Materials with Valence Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2018; 24:214-220. [PMID: 29877170 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutting-edge research on materials for lithium ion batteries regularly focuses on nanoscale and atomic-scale phenomena. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is one of the most powerful ways of characterizing composition and aspects of the electronic structure of battery materials, particularly lithium and the transition metal mixed oxides found in the electrodes. However, the characteristic EELS signal from battery materials is challenging to analyze when there is strong overlap of spectral features, poor signal-to-background ratios, or thicker and uneven sample areas. A potential alternative or complementary approach comes from utilizing the valence EELS features (<20 eV loss) of battery materials. For example, the valence EELS features in LiCoO2 maintain higher jump ratios than the Li-K edge, most notably when spectra are collected with minimal acquisition times or from thick sample regions. EELS maps of these valence features give comparable results to the Li-K edge EELS maps of LiCoO2. With some spectral processing, the valence EELS maps more accurately highlight the morphology and distribution of LiCoO2 than the Li-K edge maps, especially in thicker sample regions. This approach is beneficial for cases where sample thickness or beam sensitivity limit EELS analysis, and could be used to minimize electron dosage and sample damage or contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Castro
- 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Northwestern University,2220 Campus Drive, Cook Hall, Room 1137, Evanston,IL 60208,USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Northwestern University,2220 Campus Drive, Cook Hall, Room 1137, Evanston,IL 60208,USA
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15
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Mittelberger A, Kramberger C, Meyer JC. Software electron counting for low-dose scanning transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 188:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Hujsak KA, Roth EW, Kellogg W, Li Y, Dravid VP. High speed/low dose analytical electron microscopy with dynamic sampling. Micron 2018; 108:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Dressler VL, Müller EI, Pozebon D. Bioimaging Metallomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1055:139-181. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90143-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Ofner J, Brenner F, Wieland K, Eitenberger E, Kirschner J, Eisenmenger-Sittner C, Török S, Döme B, Konegger T, Kasper-Giebl A, Hutter H, Friedbacher G, Lendl B, Lohninger H. Image-Based Chemical Structure Determination. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6832. [PMID: 28754996 PMCID: PMC5533744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical imaging is a powerful tool for understanding the chemical composition and nature of heterogeneous samples. Recent developments in elemental, vibrational, and mass-spectrometric chemical imaging with high spatial resolution (50–200 nm) and reasonable timescale (a few hours) are capable of providing complementary chemical information about various samples. However, a single technique is insufficient to provide a comprehensive understanding of chemically complex materials. For bulk samples, the combination of different analytical methods and the application of statistical methods for extracting correlated information across different techniques is a well-established and powerful concept. However, combined multivariate analytics of chemical images obtained via different imaging techniques is still in its infancy, hampered by a lack of analytical methodologies for data fusion and analysis. This study demonstrates the application of multivariate statistics to chemical images taken from the same sample via various methods to assist in chemical structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ofner
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Florian Brenner
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Wieland
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Eitenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Kirschner
- Institute of Solide State Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Szilvia Török
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Döme
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Konegger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Kasper-Giebl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Hutter
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Friedbacher
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lohninger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Multi-color electron microscopy by element-guided identification of cells, organelles and molecules. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45970. [PMID: 28387351 PMCID: PMC5384080 DOI: 10.1038/srep45970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular complexity is unraveled at nanometer resolution using electron microscopy (EM), but interpretation of macromolecular functionality is hampered by the difficulty in interpreting grey-scale images and the unidentified molecular content. We perform large-scale EM on mammalian tissue complemented with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) to allow EM-data analysis based on elemental composition. Endogenous elements, labels (gold and cadmium-based nanoparticles) as well as stains are analyzed at ultrastructural resolution. This provides a wide palette of colors to paint the traditional grey-scale EM images for composition-based interpretation. Our proof-of-principle application of EM-EDX reveals that endocrine and exocrine vesicles exist in single cells in Islets of Langerhans. This highlights how elemental mapping reveals unbiased biomedical relevant information. Broad application of EM-EDX will further allow experimental analysis on large-scale tissue using endogenous elements, multiple stains, and multiple markers and thus brings nanometer-scale 'color-EM' as a promising tool to unravel molecular (de)regulation in biomedicine.
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20
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Graham UM, Jacobs G, Yokel RA, Davis BH, Dozier AK, Birch ME, Tseng MT, Oberdörster G, Elder A, DeLouise L. From Dose to Response: In Vivo Nanoparticle Processing and Potential Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 947:71-100. [PMID: 28168666 PMCID: PMC6376403 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47754-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse human health impacts due to occupational and environmental exposures to manufactured nanoparticles are of concern and pose a potential threat to the continued industrial use and integration of nanomaterials into commercial products. This chapter addresses the inter-relationship between dose and response and will elucidate on how the dynamic chemical and physical transformation and breakdown of the nanoparticles at the cellular and subcellular levels can lead to the in vivo formation of new reaction products. The dose-response relationship is complicated by the continuous physicochemical transformations in the nanoparticles induced by the dynamics of the biological system, where dose, bio-processing, and response are related in a non-linear manner. Nanoscale alterations are monitored using high-resolution imaging combined with in situ elemental analysis and emphasis is placed on the importance of the precision of characterization. The result is an in-depth understanding of the starting particles, the particle transformation in a biological environment, and the physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uschi M Graham
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- CDC/NIOSH DART, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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21
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Rez P, Larsen T, Elbaum M. Exploring the theoretical basis and limitations of cryo-STEM tomography for thick biological specimens. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:466-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Carpenter MC, Lo MN, Palmer AE. Techniques for measuring cellular zinc. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 611:20-29. [PMID: 27580940 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development and improvement of fluorescent Zn2+ sensors and Zn2+ imaging techniques have increased our insight into this biologically important ion. Application of these tools has identified an intracellular labile Zn2+ pool and cultivated further interest in defining the distribution and dynamics of labile Zn2+. The study of Zn2+ in live cells in real time using sensors is a powerful way to answer complex biological questions. In this review, we highlight newly engineered Zn2+ sensors, methods to test whether the sensors are accessing labile Zn2+, and recent studies that point to the challenges of using such sensors. Elemental mapping techniques can complement and strengthen data collected with sensors. Both mass spectrometry-based and X-ray fluorescence-based techniques yield highly specific, sensitive, and spatially resolved snapshots of metal distribution in cells. The study of Zn2+ has already led to new insight into all phases of life from fertilization of the egg to life-threatening cancers. In order to continue building new knowledge about Zn2+ biology it remains important to critically assess the available toolset for this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
| | - Maria N Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
| | - Amy E Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
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23
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Donovan AJ, Kalkowski J, Szymusiak M, Wang C, Smith SA, Klie RF, Morrissey JH, Liu Y. Artificial Dense Granules: A Procoagulant Liposomal Formulation Modeled after Platelet Polyphosphate Storage Pools. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2572-81. [PMID: 27405511 PMCID: PMC8767982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Granular platelet-sized polyphosphate nanoparticles (polyP NPs) were encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes, forming a potential, targeted procoagulant nanotherapy resembling human platelet dense granules in both structure and functionality. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements reveal that artificial dense granules (ADGs) are colloidally stable and that the granular polyP NPs are encapsulated at high efficiencies. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) indicates that the ADGs are monodisperse particles with a 150 nm diameter dense core consisting of P, Ca, and O surrounded by a corrugated 25 nm thick shell containing P, C, and O. Further, the ADGs manifest promising procoagulant activity: Detergent solubilization by Tween 20 or digestion of the lipid envelope by phospholipase C (PLC) allows for ADGs to trigger autoactivation of Factor XII (FXII), the first proteolytic step in the activation of the contact pathway of clotting. Moreover, ADGs' ability to reduce the clotting time of human plasma in the presence of PLC further demonstrate the feasibility to develop ADGs into a potential procoagulant nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Donovan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Joseph Kalkowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Magdalena Szymusiak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Canhui Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Robert F. Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - James H. Morrissey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
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24
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Chen PC, Liu X, Hedrick JL, Xie Z, Wang S, Lin QY, Hersam MC, Dravid VP, Mirkin CA. Polyelemental nanoparticle libraries. Science 2016; 352:1565-9. [PMID: 27339985 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Multimetallic nanoparticles are useful in many fields, yet there are no effective strategies for synthesizing libraries of such structures, in which architectures can be explored in a systematic and site-specific manner. The absence of these capabilities precludes the possibility of comprehensively exploring such systems. We present systematic studies of individual polyelemental particle systems, in which composition and size can be independently controlled and structure formation (alloy versus phase-separated state) can be understood. We made libraries consisting of every combination of five metallic elements (Au, Ag, Co, Cu, and Ni) through polymer nanoreactor-mediated synthesis. Important insight into the factors that lead to alloy formation and phase segregation at the nanoscale were obtained, and routes to libraries of nanostructures that cannot be made by conventional methods were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - James L Hedrick
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhuang Xie
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shunzhi Wang
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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25
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Sviben S, Gal A, Hood MA, Bertinetti L, Politi Y, Bennet M, Krishnamoorthy P, Schertel A, Wirth R, Sorrentino A, Pereiro E, Faivre D, Scheffel A. A vacuole-like compartment concentrates a disordered calcium phase in a key coccolithophorid alga. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11228. [PMID: 27075521 PMCID: PMC4834641 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccoliths are calcitic particles produced inside the cells of unicellular marine
algae known as coccolithophores. They are abundant components of sea-floor
carbonates, and the stoichiometry of calcium to other elements in fossil coccoliths
is widely used to infer past environmental conditions. Here we study cryo-preserved
cells of the dominant coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi using
state-of-the-art nanoscale imaging and spectroscopy. We identify a compartment,
distinct from the coccolith-producing compartment, filled with high concentrations
of a disordered form of calcium. Co-localized with calcium are high concentrations
of phosphorus and minor concentrations of other cations. The amounts of calcium
stored in this reservoir seem to be dynamic and at a certain stage the compartment
is in direct contact with the coccolith-producing vesicle, suggesting an active role
in coccolith formation. Our findings provide insights into calcium accumulation in
this important calcifying organism. Coccolithophores are unicellular marine algae that produce calcitic
particles inside their cells. Here the authors study cells of the dominant
coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and identify an intracellular compartment that
is filled with high concentrations of a disordered form of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Sviben
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Assaf Gal
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.,Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Matthew A Hood
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.,Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Yael Politi
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Mathieu Bennet
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schertel
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Global Applications Support, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Richard Wirth
- Department of Geomaterials, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Potsdam 14473, Germany
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - Eva Pereiro
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - Damien Faivre
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - André Scheffel
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
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26
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Atom Probe Tomographic Mapping Directly Reveals the Atomic Distribution of Phosphorus in Resin Embedded Ferritin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22321. [PMID: 26924804 PMCID: PMC4770421 DOI: 10.1038/srep22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report the atomic-scale analysis of biological interfaces within the ferritin protein using atom probe tomography that is facilitated by an advanced specimen preparation approach. Embedding ferritin in an organic polymer resin lacking nitrogen provided chemical contrast to visualise atomic distributions and distinguish the inorganic-organic interface of the ferrihydrite mineral core and protein shell, as well as the organic-organic interface between the ferritin protein shell and embedding resin. In addition, we definitively show the atomic-scale distribution of phosphorus as being at the surface of the ferrihydrite mineral with the distribution of sodium mapped within the protein shell environment with an enhanced distribution at the mineral/protein interface. The sample preparation method is robust and can be directly extended to further enhance the study of biological, organic and inorganic nanomaterials relevant to health, energy or the environment.
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27
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Jurowski K, Buszewski B, Piekoszewski W. Bioanalytics in Quantitive (Bio)imaging/Mapping of Metallic Elements in Biological Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 45:334-47. [PMID: 25996031 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.941455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe selected analytical techniques and their applications in the quantitative mapping/(bio)imaging of metals in biological samples. This work presents the advantages and disadvantages as well as the appropriate methods of scope for research. Distribution of metals in biological samples is currently one of the most important issues in physiology, toxicology, pharmacology, and other disciplines where functional information about the distribution of metals is essential. This issue is a subject of research in (bio)imaging/mapping studies, which use a variety of analytical techniques for the identification and determination of metallic elements. Increased interest in analytical techniques enabling the (bio)imaging of metals in a variety of biological material has been observed more recently. Measuring the distribution of trace metals in tissues after a drug dose or ingestion of poison-containing metals allows for the studying of pathomechanisms and the pathophysiology of various diseases and disorders related to the management of metals in human and animal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University in Kraków , Kraków , Poland
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28
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Chen PC, Liu G, Zhou Y, Brown KA, Chernyak N, Hedrick JL, He S, Xie Z, Lin QY, Dravid VP, O’Neill-Slawecki SA, Mirkin CA. Tip-Directed Synthesis of Multimetallic Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9167-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stacy A. O’Neill-Slawecki
- Advanced
Manufacturing Technologies, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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29
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Que EL, Bleher R, Duncan FE, Kong BY, Gleber SC, Vogt S, Chen S, Garwin SA, Bayer AR, Dravid V, Woodruff TK, O’Halloran TV. Quantitative mapping of zinc fluxes in the mammalian egg reveals the origin of fertilization-induced zinc sparks. Nat Chem 2015; 7:130-9. [PMID: 25615666 PMCID: PMC4315321 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization of a mammalian egg initiates a series of 'zinc sparks' that are necessary to induce the egg-to-embryo transition. Despite the importance of these zinc-efflux events little is known about their origin. To understand the molecular mechanism of the zinc spark we combined four physical approaches that resolve zinc distributions in single cells: a chemical probe for dynamic live-cell fluorescence imaging and a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy and three-dimensional elemental tomography for high-resolution elemental mapping. We show that the zinc spark arises from a system of thousands of zinc-loaded vesicles, each of which contains, on average, 10(6) zinc atoms. These vesicles undergo dynamic movement during oocyte maturation and exocytosis at the time of fertilization. The discovery of these vesicles and the demonstration that zinc sparks originate from them provides a quantitative framework for understanding how zinc fluxes regulate cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Que
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Reiner Bleher
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Francesca E. Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Betty Y. Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sophie C. Gleber
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Seth A. Garwin
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Amanda R. Bayer
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak Dravid
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University; Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Teresa K. Woodruff
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Thomas V. O’Halloran
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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30
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The analytical calibration in (bio)imaging/mapping of the metallic elements in biological samples – Definitions, nomenclature and strategies: State of the art. Talanta 2015; 131:273-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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31
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Johnson GA, Ellis EA, Kim H, Muthukrishnan N, Snavely T, Pellois JP. Photoinduced membrane damage of E. coli and S. aureus by the photosensitizer-antimicrobial peptide conjugate eosin-(KLAKLAK)2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91220. [PMID: 24608860 PMCID: PMC3946741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Upon irradiation with visible light, the photosensitizer-peptide conjugate eosin-(KLAKLAK)2 kills a broad spectrum of bacteria without damaging human cells. Eosin-(KLAKLAK)2 therefore represents an interesting lead compound for the treatment of local infection by photodynamic bacterial inactivation. The mechanisms of cellular killing by eosin-(KLAKLAK)2, however, remain unclear and this lack of knowledge hampers the development of optimized therapeutic agents. Herein, we investigate the localization of eosin-(KLAKLAK)2 in bacteria prior to light treatment and examine the molecular basis for the photodynamic activity of this conjugate. Methodology/Principal Findings By employing photooxidation of 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB), (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) methodologies, eosin-(KLAKLAK)2 is visualized at the surface of E. coli and S. aureus prior to photodynamic irradiation. Subsequent irradiation leads to severe membrane damage. Consistent with these observations, eosin-(KLAKLAK)2 binds to liposomes of bacterial lipid composition and causes liposomal leakage upon irradiation. The eosin moiety of the conjugate mediates bacterial killing and lipid bilayer leakage by generating the reactive oxygen species singlet oxygen and superoxide. In contrast, the (KLAKLAK)2 moiety targets the photosensitizer to bacterial lipid bilayers. In addition, while (KLAKLAK)2 does not disrupt intact liposomes, the peptide accelerates the leakage of photo-oxidized liposomes. Conclusions/Significance Together, our results suggest that (KLAKLAK)2 promotes the binding of eosin Y to bacteria cell walls and lipid bilayers. Subsequent light irradiation results in membrane damage from the production of both Type I & II photodynamic products. Membrane damage by oxidation is then further aggravated by the (KLAKLAK)2 moiety and membrane lysis is accelerated by the peptide. These results therefore establish how photosensitizer and peptide act in synergy to achieve bacterial photo-inactivation. Learning how to exploit and optimize this synergy should lead to the development of future bacterial photoinactivation agents that are effective at low concentrations and at low light doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - E. Ann Ellis
- Microscopy & Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hansoo Kim
- Microscopy & Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nandhini Muthukrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas Snavely
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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