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Graham UM, Dozier AK, Feola DJ, Tseng MT, Yokel RA. Macrophage Polarization Status Impacts Nanoceria Cellular Distribution but Not Its Biotransformation or Ferritin Effects. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2298. [PMID: 37630884 PMCID: PMC10459093 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against external threats through the initiation and regulation of inflammation. Macrophage differentiation into functional phenotypes influences the fate of nanomaterials taken up by these immune cells. High-resolution electron microscopy was used to investigate the uptake, distribution, and biotransformation of nanoceria in human and murine M1 and M2 macrophages in unprecedented detail. We found that M1 and M2 macrophages internalize nanoceria differently. M1-type macrophages predominantly sequester nanoceria near the plasma membrane, whereas nanoceria are more uniformly distributed throughout M2 macrophage cytoplasm. In contrast, both macrophage phenotypes show identical nanoceria biotransformation to cerium phosphate nanoneedles and simultaneous nanoceria with ferritin co-precipitation within the cells. Ferritin biomineralization is a direct response to nanoparticle uptake inside both macrophage phenotypes. We also found that the same ferritin biomineralization mechanism occurs after the uptake of Ce-ions into polarized macrophages and into unpolarized human monocytes and murine RAW 264.7 cells. These findings emphasize the need for evaluating ferritin biomineralization in studies that involve the internalization of nano objects, ranging from particles to viruses to biomolecules, to gain greater mechanistic insights into the overall immune responses to nano objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uschi M. Graham
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA;
| | - Alan K. Dozier
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45213-2515, USA;
| | - David J. Feola
- Pharmacy Practice and Science Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA;
| | - Michael T. Tseng
- Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Robert A. Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA;
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2
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Keller JG, Graham UM, Koltermann-Jülly J, Gelein R, Ma-Hock L, Landsiedel R, Wiemann M, Oberdörster G, Elder A, Wohlleben W. Author Correction: Predicting dissolution and transformation of inhaled nanoparticles in the lung using abiotic flow cells: The case of barium sulphate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8813. [PMID: 33875670 PMCID: PMC8055969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Keller
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uschi M Graham
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, USA
| | - Johanna Koltermann-Jülly
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.,Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Gelein
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- IBE R&D Institute for Lung Health gGmbH, Mendelstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Alison Elder
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Bazina F, Brouxhon SM, Graham UM, Kyrkanides S. Serotonin contributes to the in vitro production of a biomimetic enamel-like material from reprogrammed oral epithelial keratinocytes. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 24:494-501. [PMID: 33540478 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of serotonin in the development of a biomimetic enamel-like material in vitro. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Immortalized murine oral keratinocytes raised from adult mouse mucosa were cultured in vitro. In addition, specimens incorporating molar tooth buds harvested from mice were included in our studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used cell-based scaffold-free tissue engineering to assemble three-dimensional (3D) organoids into complex tissue constructs that closely emulate the complexity of adult enamel. We also analysed mouse molar specimens using immunohistochemistry for serotonin expression as well as its cognate receptor. RESULTS TGF-β1-reprogrammed murine oral keratinocytes formed organoids that laid down an amelogenin-rich protein matrix when grown as three-dimensional (3D) cultures in the presence of serotonin. Following mineralization, the newly formed crystals were densified under pressure and vacuum to produce a biomimetic enamel-like material that demonstrated parallel alignment of hydroxyapatite crystals with some interspaced residual organoid matter into enamel prism-like structures conferring size, mechanical properties comparable to tooth enamel, including light translucency. Serotonin expression was localized by immunohistochemistry proximal to the enamel organ of developing molar buds. Moreover, serotonin HTRb2 receptor expression was localized on ameloblasts within the enamel organ proximal to the area where serotonin was immunolocalized. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that serotonin is inductive in the development of a biomimetic enamel-like material from reprogrammed oral epithelial keratinocytes in vitro. The facileness of harvesting adult somatic cells together with the versatility of our approach offers exciting opportunities to address regenerative challenges linked to lost enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayrouz Bazina
- Ph.D. Program in Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sabine M Brouxhon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephanos Kyrkanides
- Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Yokel RA, Tseng MT, Butterfield DA, Hancock ML, Grulke EA, Unrine JM, Stromberg AJ, Dozier AK, Graham UM. Nanoceria distribution and effects are mouse-strain dependent. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:827-846. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1770887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael T. Tseng
- Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Matthew L. Hancock
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric A. Grulke
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jason M. Unrine
- Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Uschi M. Graham
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- CDC, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Graham UM, Dozier AK, Oberdörster G, Yokel RA, Molina R, Brain JD, Pinto JM, Weuve J, Bennett DA. Tissue Specific Fate of Nanomaterials by Advanced Analytical Imaging Techniques - A Review. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1145-1162. [PMID: 32349469 PMCID: PMC7774012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A variety of imaging and analytical methods have been developed to study nanoparticles in cells. Each has its benefits, limitations, and varying degrees of expense and difficulties in implementation. High-resolution analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) has the unique ability to image local cellular environments adjacent to a nanoparticle at near atomic resolution and apply analytical tools to these environments such as energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. These tools can be used to analyze particle location, translocation and potential reformation, ion dispersion, and in vivo synthesis of second-generation nanoparticles. Such analyses can provide in depth understanding of tissue-particle interactions and effects that are caused by the environmental "invader" nanoparticles. Analytical imaging can also distinguish phases that form due to the transformation of "invader" nanoparticles in contrast to those that are triggered by a response mechanism, including the commonly observed iron biomineralization in the form of ferritin nanoparticles. The analyses can distinguish ion species, crystal phases, and valence of parent nanoparticles and reformed or in vivo synthesized phases throughout the tissue. This article will briefly review the plethora of methods that have been developed over the last 20 years with an emphasis on the state-of-the-art techniques used to image and analyze nanoparticles in cells and highlight the sample preparation necessary for biological thin section observation in a HRSTEM. Specific applications that provide visual and chemical mapping of the local cellular environments surrounding parent nanoparticles and second-generation phases are demonstrated, which will help to identify novel nanoparticle-produced adverse effects and their associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uschi M Graham
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213, United States
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Alan K Dozier
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213, United States
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Ramon Molina
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joseph D Brain
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, 715 Albany Street, The Talbot Building, T3E & T4E, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 1118, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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Keller JG, Graham UM, Koltermann-Jülly J, Gelein R, Ma-Hock L, Landsiedel R, Wiemann M, Oberdörster G, Elder A, Wohlleben W. Predicting dissolution and transformation of inhaled nanoparticles in the lung using abiotic flow cells: The case of barium sulfate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:458. [PMID: 31949204 PMCID: PMC6965653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Barium sulfate (BaSO4) was considered to be poorly-soluble and of low toxicity, but BaSO4 NM-220 showed a surprisingly short retention after intratracheal instillation in rat lungs, and incorporation of Ba within the bones. Here we show that static abiotic dissolution cannot rationalize this result, whereas two dynamic abiotic dissolution systems (one flow-through and one flow-by) indicated 50% dissolution after 5 to 6 days at non-saturating conditions regardless of flow orientation, which is close to the in vivo half-time of 9.6 days. Non-equilibrium conditions were thus essential to simulate in vivo biodissolution. Instead of shrinking from 32 nm to 23 nm (to match the mass loss to ions), TEM scans of particles retrieved from flow-cells showed an increase to 40 nm. Such transformation suggested either material transport through interfacial contact or Ostwald ripening at super-saturating conditions and was also observed in vivo inside macrophages by high-resolution TEM following 12 months inhalation exposure. The abiotic flow cells thus adequately predicted the overall pulmonary biopersistence of the particles that was mediated by non-equilibrium dissolution and recrystallization. The present methodology for dissolution and transformation fills a high priority gap in nanomaterial hazard assessment and is proposed for the implementation of grouping and read-across by dissolution rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Keller
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry & Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uschi M Graham
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226, USA
| | - Johanna Koltermann-Jülly
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.,Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Gelein
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- IBE R&D Institute for Lung Health gGmbH, Mendelstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Alison Elder
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology and Department Material Physics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Grulke EA, Beck MJ, Yokel RA, Unrine JM, Graham UM, Hancock ML. Surface-controlled dissolution rates: a case study of nanoceria in carboxylic acid solutions. Environ Sci Nano 2019; 6:1478-1492. [PMID: 31372227 PMCID: PMC6675026 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00222g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle dissolution in local milieu can affect their ecotoxicity and therapeutic applications. For example, carboxylic acid release from plant roots can solubilize nanoceria in the rhizosphere, affecting cerium uptake in plants. Nanoparticle dispersions were dialyzed against ten carboxylic acid solutions for up to 30 weeks; the membrane passed cerium-ligand complexes but not nanoceria. Dispersion and solution samples were analyzed for cerium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Particle size and shape distributions were measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nanoceria dissolved in all carboxylic acid solutions, leading to cascades of progressively smaller nanoparticles and producing soluble products. The dissolution rate was proportional to nanoparticle surface area. Values of the apparent dissolution rate coefficients varied with the ligand. Both nanoceria size and shape distributions were altered by the dissolution process. Density functional theory (DFT) estimates for some possible Ce(IV) products showed that their dissolution was thermodynamically favored. However, dissolution rate coefficients did not generally correlate with energy of formation values. The surface-controlled dissolution model provides a quantitative measure for nanoparticle dissolution rates: further studies of dissolution cascades should lead to improved understanding of mechanisms and processes at nanoparticle surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Grulke
- Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of
Kentucky
| | - Matthew J. Beck
- Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of
Kentucky
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of
Kentucky
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8
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Yokel RA, Hancock ML, Grulke EA, Unrine JM, Dozier AK, Graham UM. Carboxylic acids accelerate acidic environment-mediated nanoceria dissolution. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:455-475. [PMID: 30729879 PMCID: PMC6609459 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1553251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ligands that accelerate nanoceria dissolution may greatly affect its fate and effects. This project assessed the carboxylic acid contribution to nanoceria dissolution in aqueous, acidic environments. Nanoceria has commercial and potential therapeutic and energy storage applications. It biotransforms in vivo. Citric acid stabilizes nanoceria during synthesis and in aqueous dispersions. In this study, citrate-stabilized nanoceria dispersions (∼4 nm average primary particle size) were loaded into dialysis cassettes whose membranes passed cerium salts but not nanoceria particles. The cassettes were immersed in iso-osmotic baths containing carboxylic acids at pH 4.5 and 37 °C, or other select agents. Cerium atom material balances were conducted for the cassette and bath by sampling of each chamber and cerium quantitation by ICP-MS. Samples were collected from the cassette for high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observation of nanoceria size. In carboxylic acid solutions, nanoceria dissolution increased bath cerium concentration to >96% of the cerium introduced as nanoceria into the cassette and decreased nanoceria primary particle size in the cassette. In solutions of citric, malic, and lactic acids and the ammonium ion ∼15 nm, ceria agglomerates persisted. In solutions of other carboxylic acids, some select nanoceria agglomerates grew to ∼1 micron. In carboxylic acid solutions, dissolution half-lives were 800-4000 h; in water and horseradish peroxidase they were ≥55,000 h. Extending these findings to in vivo and environmental systems, one expects acidic environments containing carboxylic acids to degrade nanoceria by dissolution; two examples would be phagolysosomes and in the plant rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Eric A. Grulke
- Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jason M. Unrine
- Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Uschi M. Graham
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- CDC/NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH
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Klocke C, Sherina V, Graham UM, Gunderson J, Allen JL, Sobolewski M, Blum JL, Zelikoff JT, Cory-Slechta DA. Enhanced cerebellar myelination with concomitant iron elevation and ultrastructural irregularities following prenatal exposure to ambient particulate matter in the mouse. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:381-396. [PMID: 30572762 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1533053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates the developing central nervous system (CNS) is a target of air pollution toxicity. Epidemiological reports increasingly demonstrate that exposure to the particulate matter (PM) fraction of air pollution during neurodevelopment is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These observations are supported by animal studies demonstrating prenatal exposure to concentrated ambient PM induces neuropathologies characteristic of ASD, including ventriculomegaly and aberrant corpus callosum (CC) myelination. Given the role of the CC and cerebellum in ASD etiology, this study tested whether prenatal exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) produced pathological features in offspring CC and cerebella consistent with ASD. Analysis of cerebellar myelin density revealed male-specific hypermyelination in CAPs-exposed offspring at postnatal days (PNDs) 11-15 without alteration of cerebellar area. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) revealed elevated iron (Fe) in the cerebellum of CAPs-exposed female offspring at PNDs 11-15, which connects with previously observed elevated Fe in the female CC. The presence of Fe inclusions, along with aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) inclusions, were confirmed at nanoscale resolution in the CC along with ultrastructural myelin sheath damage. Furthermore, RNAseq and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses revealed cerebellar gene expression was significantly affected by sex and prenatal CAPs exposure with significant enrichment in inflammation and transmembrane transport processes that could underlie observed myelin and metal pathologies. Overall, this study highlights the ability of PM exposure to disrupt myelinogenesis and elucidates novel molecular targets of PM-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Klocke
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Valeriia Sherina
- b Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology , University of Rochester School of Medicine , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Uschi M Graham
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Jakob Gunderson
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Joshua L Allen
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Jason L Blum
- d Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Judith T Zelikoff
- d Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Rochester School of Medicine , Rochester , NY , USA
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Graham UM, Oberdörster G, Case B, Dozier A. A case study of the translocation, bioprocessing and tissue interactions of EMP following inhalation exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 361:81-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Graham UM, Yokel RA, Dozier AK, Drummy L, Mahalingam K, Tseng MT, Birch E, Fernback J. Analytical High-resolution Electron Microscopy Reveals Organ-specific Nanoceria Bioprocessing. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:47-61. [PMID: 29145781 PMCID: PMC5954437 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317737254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This is the first utilization of advanced analytical electron microscopy methods, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping to characterize the organ-specific bioprocessing of a relatively inert nanomaterial (nanoceria). Liver and spleen samples from rats given a single intravenous infusion of nanoceria were obtained after prolonged (90 days) in vivo exposure. These advanced analytical electron microscopy methods were applied to elucidate the organ-specific cellular and subcellular fate of nanoceria after its uptake. Nanoceria is bioprocessed differently in the spleen than in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uschi M Graham
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- 2 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert A Yokel
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alan K Dozier
- 2 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Michael T Tseng
- 4 Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eileen Birch
- 2 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph Fernback
- 2 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Shafer WD, Jacobs G, Graham UM, Pendyala VRR, Martinelli M, Thomas GA, Jermwongratanachai T, MacLennan A, Hu Y, Davis BH. Hexane Aromatization: Analysis of the K-Edges of S and K Provides New Insight into H2S Poisoning of Pt/KL. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pendyala VRR, Jacobs G, Graham UM, Shafer WD, Martinelli M, Kong L, Davis BH. Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Influence of Acid Treatment and Preparation Method on Carbon Nanotube Supported Ruthenium Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Ramana Rao Pendyala
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Gary Jacobs
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Uschi M. Graham
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Wilson D. Shafer
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Michela Martinelli
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Liang Kong
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Burtron H. Davis
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
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Hower JC, Groppo JG, Henke KR, Graham UM, Hood MM, Joshi P, Preda DV. Ponded and Landfilled Fly Ash as a Source of Rare Earth Elements from a Kentucky Power Plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4177/ccgp-d-17-00003.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Graham UM, Jacobs G, Yokel RA, Davis BH, Dozier AK, Birch ME, Tseng MT, Oberdörster G, Elder A, DeLouise L. From Dose to Response: In Vivo Nanoparticle Processing and Potential Toxicity. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 947:71-100. [PMID: 28168666 PMCID: PMC6376403 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47754-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse human health impacts due to occupational and environmental exposures to manufactured nanoparticles are of concern and pose a potential threat to the continued industrial use and integration of nanomaterials into commercial products. This chapter addresses the inter-relationship between dose and response and will elucidate on how the dynamic chemical and physical transformation and breakdown of the nanoparticles at the cellular and subcellular levels can lead to the in vivo formation of new reaction products. The dose-response relationship is complicated by the continuous physicochemical transformations in the nanoparticles induced by the dynamics of the biological system, where dose, bio-processing, and response are related in a non-linear manner. Nanoscale alterations are monitored using high-resolution imaging combined with in situ elemental analysis and emphasis is placed on the importance of the precision of characterization. The result is an in-depth understanding of the starting particles, the particle transformation in a biological environment, and the physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uschi M Graham
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- CDC/NIOSH DART, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Gao P, Graham UM, Shafer WD, Linganiso LZ, Jacobs G, Davis BH. Nanostructure and kinetic isotope effect of alkali-doped Pt/silica catalysts for water-gas shift and steam-assisted formic acid decomposition. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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de Souza PM, Rabelo-Neto RC, Borges LEP, Jacobs G, Davis BH, Graham UM, Resasco DE, Noronha FB. Effect of Zirconia Morphology on Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol over Pd/ZrO2. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla M. de Souza
- Catalysis
Division, National Institute of Technology, Av. Venezuela 82, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312, Brazil
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça
Gal. Tiburcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Raimundo C. Rabelo-Neto
- Catalysis
Division, National Institute of Technology, Av. Venezuela 82, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312, Brazil
| | - Luiz E. P. Borges
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça
Gal. Tiburcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Gary Jacobs
- Center
for Applied Energy Research, The University of Kentucky, 2540 Research
Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Burtron H. Davis
- Center
for Applied Energy Research, The University of Kentucky, 2540 Research
Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Uschi M. Graham
- Center
for Applied Energy Research, The University of Kentucky, 2540 Research
Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Daniel E. Resasco
- Center
for Biomass Refining, School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials
Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Fabio B. Noronha
- Catalysis
Division, National Institute of Technology, Av. Venezuela 82, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312, Brazil
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça
Gal. Tiburcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil
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Jacobs G, Ricote S, Graham UM, Davis BH. Low Temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction: Interactions of Steam and CO with Ceria Treated with Different Oxidizing and Reducing Environments. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
A 30-year old woman at 30 weeks gestation with insulin-controlled gestational diabetes was admitted with nausea and vomiting. Plasma glucose was 3.3 mmol/l with pH 7.23 and raised capillary ketones at 6.1 mmol/l. She was diagnosed with euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Cardiotocography showed good fetal movement and accelerations. She was given intramuscular betamethasone and started on intravenous dextrose, insulin and 0.9% saline with potassium chloride with resolution of ketosis. Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis has been reported during pregnancy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We believe that this is a report of such an occurrence in a patient with gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Graham
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - I E Cooke
- Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - D R McCance
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
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Graham UM, Tseng MT, Jasinski JB, Yokel RA, Unrine JM, Davis BH, Dozier AK, Hardas SS, Sultana R, Grulke EA, Butterfield DA. In Vivo Processing of Ceria Nanoparticles inside Liver: Impact on Free-Radical Scavenging Activity and Oxidative Stress. Chempluschem 2014; 79:1083-1088. [PMID: 26322251 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of ceria ultimately lies in its electronic structure, which is defined by the crystal structure, composition, and size. Despite previous studies focused on ceria uptake, distribution, biopersistance, and cellular effects, little is known about its chemical and structural stability and solubility once sequestered inside the liver. Mechanisms will be presented that elucidate the in vivo transformation in the liver. In vivo processed ceria reveals a particle-size effect towards the formation of ultrafines, which represent a second generation of ceria. A measurable change in the valence reduction of the second-generation ceria can be linked to an increased free-radical scavenging potential. The in vivo processing of the ceria nanoparticles in the liver occurs in temporal relation to the brain cellular and protein clearance responses that stem from the ceria uptake. This information is critical to establish a possible link between cellular processes and the observed in vivo transformation of ceria. The temporal linkage between the reversal of the pro-oxidant effect (brain) and ceria transformation (liver) suggests a cause-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uschi M Graham
- Center for Applied Energy Research and Catalysis Research and Testing Center, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511 (USA)
| | - Michael T Tseng
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40204 (USA)
| | - Jacek B Jasinski
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40204 (USA)
| | - Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (USA)
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (USA)
| | - Burtron H Davis
- Center for Applied Energy Research and Catalysis Research and Testing Center, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511 (USA)
| | - Alan K Dozier
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45226 (USA)
| | - Sarita S Hardas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (USA)
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (USA)
| | - Eric A Grulke
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (USA)
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22
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Pendyala VRR, Graham UM, Jacobs G, Hamdeh HH, Davis BH. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Morphology, Phase Transformation, and Carbon-Layer Growth of Iron-Based Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Graham UM, Jacobs G, Gnanamani MK, Lipka SM, Shafer WD, Swartz CR, Jermwongratanachai T, Chen R, Rogers F, Davis BH. Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Higher Oxygenate Selectivity of Cobalt Catalysts Supported on Hydrothermal Carbons. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400965t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uschi M. Graham
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Gary Jacobs
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Muthu K. Gnanamani
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Stephen M. Lipka
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Wilson D. Shafer
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Christopher R. Swartz
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Thani Jermwongratanachai
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Rong Chen
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Fon Rogers
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Burtron H. Davis
- Center for Applied Energy
Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
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Hardas SS, Sultana R, Warrier G, Dan M, Wu P, Grulke EA, Tseng MT, Unrine JM, Graham UM, Yokel RA, Butterfield DA. Rat hippocampal responses up to 90 days after a single nanoceria dose extends a hierarchical oxidative stress model for nanoparticle toxicity. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8 Suppl 1:155-66. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.868059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mo Dan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Peng Wu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,
| | - Eric A. Grulke
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,
| | - Michael T. Tseng
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,
| | - Jason M. Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,
| | - Uschi M. Graham
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,
| | - Robert A. Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA, and
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry,
- Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Ma W, Jacobs G, Kang J, Sparks DE, Gnanamani MK, Pendyala VRR, Shafer WD, Keogh RA, Graham UM, Thomas GA, Davis BH. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Effect of alkali, bicarbonate and chloride addition on activity and selectivity. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Graham UM, Hunter SJ, McDonnell M, Mullan KR, Atkinson AB. A comparison of the use of urinary cortisol to creatinine ratios and nocturnal salivary cortisol in the evaluation of cyclicity in patients with Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E72-6. [PMID: 23150688 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cyclical Cushing's syndrome is detected in our center by collecting sequential early morning urine (EMU) samples for cortisol to creatinine ratio over 28 d. The Endocrine Society suggests that nocturnal salivary cortisol (NSC) may be used to assess patients for cyclical Cushing's. However, there is only very limited evidence that it correlates with EMU testing or that it demonstrates cycling over 28 d. OBJECTIVE We sought to correlate NSC with EMU results collected the following morning and to determine whether NSC could be used to detect cyclical Cushing's. DESIGN AND SETTING An observation study of 28-d collections for NSC and EMU was performed in a tertiary referral center over 1 yr. PATIENTS A 28-d collection of NSC and EMU was performed in 10 patients with confirmed or suspected Cushing's syndrome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome of the study was the correlation of salivary and urinary cortisol with graphical assessment of results for cycling. RESULTS Eleven collections were performed. One patient with cyclical Cushing's completed the collection before and after cabergoline therapy. Two hundred seventy matched salivary and urinary results were correlated (r = 0.79; P < 0.001). In two patients with cyclical Cushing's, EMU and NSC followed a similar cyclical pattern. In one patient with recurrent cyclical Cushing's, cortisol was elevated in both saliva and urine but with more prominent cycles in saliva. CONCLUSION NSC correlated well with EMU. NSC detected all cases of cyclical Cushing's. Therefore, NSC may prove to be an additional option or replacement for EMU in detecting cyclical Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Graham
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
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Hardas SS, Sultana R, Warrier G, Dan M, Florence RL, Wu P, Grulke EA, Tseng MT, Unrine JM, Graham UM, Yokel RA, Butterfield DA. Rat brain pro-oxidant effects of peripherally administered 5nm ceria 30 days after exposure. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1147-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Yokel RA, Wu P, Tseng MT, MacPhail RC, Graham UM, Dan M, Unrine JM, Sultana R, Hardas SS, Butterfield DA, Grulke EA. Nanoceria distribution, biotransformation, and safety/toxicity in the rat. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.851.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Wu
- Chem Mat EngrU KYLexingtonKY
| | | | | | | | - Mo Dan
- Pharm SciU KYLexingtonKY
- ToxicolU KYLexingtonKY
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Yokel RA, Au TC, MacPhail R, Hardas SS, Butterfield DA, Sultana R, Goodman M, Tseng MT, Dan M, Haghnazar H, Unrine JM, Graham UM, Wu P, Grulke EA. Distribution, Elimination, and Biopersistence to 90 Days of a Systemically Introduced 30 nm Ceria-Engineered Nanomaterial in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2012; 127:256-68. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Graham UM, Ellis PK, Hunter SJ, Leslie H, Mullan KR, Atkinson AB. 100 cases of primary aldosteronism: careful choice of patients for surgery using adrenal venous sampling and CT imaging results in excellent blood pressure and potassium outcomes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 76:26-32. [PMID: 21767289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) who are suitable for surgery should undergo adrenal computerised tomography (CT) and adrenal venous sampling (AVS). A retrospective study was performed of 100 patients with PA. We determined the optimal AVS lateralisation ratio for unilateral disease and reviewed adrenalectomy outcomes evaluating which characteristics predicted hypertension cure. METHODS AVS was performed in 93 patients. Lateralisation criteria were assessed using ROC curve analysis. The outcome of adrenalectomy was reviewed in 39 patients and predictive factors for cure determined using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Of previously published criteria, ROC curve analysis found a cortisol corrected aldosterone affected to unaffected (Aldo/Cort A:U) cut-off of 2·0 was the best predictor of adenoma identifying 80·4% of patients. A novel ratio calculated by dividing the affected to unaffected ratio by the unaffected to peripheral ratio [(Aldo/Cort A:U)/(Aldo/Cort U:IVC)] was successful in identifying 87·0% of patients. Cure rate for blood pressure after adrenalectomy was 38·5% with improvement in 59·0%. On univariate analysis, predictors of post-operative hypertension were increased weight, raised creatinine, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and male sex. On multivariate analysis, male sex and higher pre-operative systolic blood pressure were predictive. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PA should have CT scanning and AVS. Aldo/Cort A:U >2·0 is the most accurate of previously published ratios in predicting unilateral disease. When patients were carefully selected for surgery, 97% had cure or improvement in blood pressure control. Further confirmatory work is required on a novel ratio which was even more predictive in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Graham
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
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Dan M, Wu P, Grulke EA, Graham UM, Unrine JM, Yokel RA. Ceria-engineered nanomaterial distribution in, and clearance from, blood: size matters. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:95-110. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Characterize different sized ceria-engineered nanomaterial (ENM) distribution in, and clearance from, blood (compared to the cerium ion) following intravenous infusion. Materials & Methods: Cerium (Ce) was quantified in whole blood, serum and clot (the formed elements) up to 720 h. Results: Traditional pharmacokinetic modeling showed best fit for 5 nm ceria ENM and the cerium ion. Ceria ENMs larger than 5 nm were rapidly cleared from blood. After initially declining, whole blood 15 and 30 nm ceria increased (results that have not been well-described by traditional pharmacokinetic modeling). The cerium ion and 5 and 55 nm ceria did not preferentially distribute into serum or clot, a mixture of cubic and rod shaped ceria was predominantly in the clot, and 15 and 30 nm ceria migrated into the clot over 4 h. Conclusion: Reticuloendothelial organs may not readily recognize five nm ceria. Increased ceria distribution into the clot over time may be due to opsonization. Traditional pharmacokinetic analysis was not very informative. Ceria ENM pharmacokinetics are quite different from the cerium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Dan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Graduate Center for Toxicology University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric A Grulke
- Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Uschi M Graham
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Ribeiro MC, Jacobs G, Linganiso L, Azzam KG, Graham UM, Davis BH. Low Temperature Water Gas Shift: Evaluation of Pt/HfO2 and Correlation between Reaction Mechanism and Periodic Trends in Tetravalent (Ti, Zr, Hf, Ce, Th) Metal Oxides. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro C. Ribeiro
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Dr., Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Gary Jacobs
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Dr., Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Linda Linganiso
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Dr., Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Khalid G. Azzam
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Dr., Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Uschi M. Graham
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Dr., Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Burtron H. Davis
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Dr., Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
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Graham UM, Mullan KR, Hunter SJ, Atkinson AB. Stewart PM and Allolio B. Adrenal vein sampling for primary aldosteronism: time for a reality check Response. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 73:551-2. [PMID: 20550540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ribeiro MC, Jacobs G, Graham UM, Azzam KG, Linganiso L, Davis BH. Low temperature water–gas shift: Differences in oxidation states observed with partially reduced Pt/MnOX and Pt/CeOX catalysts yield differences in OH group reactivity. CATAL COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Hardas SS, Butterfield DA, Sultana R, Tseng MT, Dan M, Florence RL, Unrine JM, Graham UM, Wu P, Grulke EA, Yokel RA. Brain distribution and toxicological evaluation of a systemically delivered engineered nanoscale ceria. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:562-76. [PMID: 20457660 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoscale ceria is used as a diesel fuel catalyst. Little is known about its mammalian central nervous system effects. The objective of this paper is to characterize the biodistribution of a 5-nm citrate-stabilized ceria dispersion from blood into brain and its pro- or antioxidant effects. An approximately 4% aqueous ceria dispersion was iv infused into rats (0, 100, and up to 250 mg/kg), which were terminated after 1 or 20 h. Ceria concentration, localization, and chemical speciation in the brain were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, light and electron microscopy (EM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Pro- or antioxidative stress effects were assessed as protein carbonyls, 3-nitrotyrosine, and protein-bound 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal in hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. Glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels and activities were measured in hippocampus. Catalase levels and activities were also measured in cortex and cerebellum. Na fluorescein and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were given iv as blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity markers. Mortality was seen after administration of 175-250 mg ceria/kg. Twenty hours after infusion of 100 mg ceria/kg, brain HRP was marginally elevated. EM and EELS revealed mixed Ce(III) and Ce(IV) valence in the freshly synthesized ceria in vitro and in ceria agglomerates in the brain vascular compartment. Ceria was not seen in microvascular endothelial or brain cells. Ceria elevated catalase levels at 1 h and increased catalase activity at 20 h in hippocampus and decreased catalase activity at 1 h in cerebellum. Compared with a previously studied approximately 30-nm ceria, this ceria was more toxic, was not seen in the brain, and produced little oxidative stress effect to the hippocampus and cerebellum. The results are contrary to the hypothesis that a smaller engineered nanomaterial would more readily permeate the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita S Hardas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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Graham UM, Magee GM, Hunter SJ, Atkinson AB. Diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease at a busy diabetes clinic: a study of outpatient care and suggestions for improved care pathways at a subspecialty specialist diabetic renal clinic. Ulster Med J 2010; 79:57-61. [PMID: 21116420 PMCID: PMC2993143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Prior to establishing a specialist diabetic renal clinic in our unit, we studied across 12 months all 1845 patients attending one of our diabetes clinics with a serum creatinine >150 μmol/l. Diabetic control was examined along with renal function and cardiovascular risk using current audit standards. 74 such patients were identified (male:female 54:20 mean HbA1c 7.8% (sd ± 1.45) and age 64.2 years (± 12.8). 30 patients had creatinine >200 μmol/l and 15 >250 μmol/l. Using the chronic kidney disease classification, 33, 28 and 6 patients were in groups III, IV and V with 7 patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. 65% of patients met JBS2 audit standards of blood pressure using a mean of 2.93 agents (sd ± 1.43). Ace-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers were used in 81% and 81% were on regular antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. Audit standard for total cholesterol and LDL were met in 89% and 97% of patients respectively. All patients identified in our study were in CKD class III-V and therefore we considered also alternative inclusion criteria. 136 patients had a urinary ACR ≥ 30 mg/mmol. Using this and/or the serum creatinine level above identified 197 patients from the clinic. This study shows that measurement of serum creatinine alone is not sufficiently sensitive but extended criteria identified a 10% subgroup who will now be offered detailed assessments and intensified therapies at a subspecialty in-house renal clinic. eGFR has recently been added to our computerised proforma and will enable us to further refine inclusion criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Graham
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA.
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de Lima SM, da Silva AM, da Costa LO, Graham UM, Jacobs G, Davis BH, Mattos LV, Noronha FB. Study of catalyst deactivation and reaction mechanism of steam reforming, partial oxidation, and oxidative steam reforming of ethanol over Co/CeO2 catalyst. J Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yokel RA, Florence RL, Unrine JM, Tseng MT, Graham UM, Wu P, Grulke EA, Sultana R, Hardas SS, Butterfield DA. Biodistribution and oxidative stress effects of a systemically-introduced commercial ceria engineered nanomaterial. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390902974496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hower JC, Graham UM, Dozier A, Tseng MT, Khatri RA. Association of the sites of heavy metals with nanoscale carbon in a Kentucky electrostatic precipitator fly ash. Environ Sci Technol 2008; 42:8471-8477. [PMID: 19068834 DOI: 10.1021/es801193y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HRTEM-STEM-EELS) was used to study fly ashes produced from the combustion of an eastern Kentucky coal at a southeastern-Kentucky wall-fired pulverized coal utility boiler. Fly ash was collected from individual hoppers in each row of the electrostatic precipitators (ESP) pollution-control system, with multiple hoppers sampled within each of the three rows. Temperatures within the ESP array range from about 200 degrees C at the entry to the first row to < 150 degrees C at the exit of the third row. HRTEM-STEM-EELS study demonstrated the presence of nanoscale (10 s nm) C agglomerates with typical soot-like appearance and others with graphitic fullerene-like nanocarbon structures. The minute carbon agglomerates are typically juxtaposed and intergrown with slightly larger aluminosilicate spheres and often form an ultrathin halo or deposit on the fly ash particles. The STEM-EELS analyses revealed that the nanocarbon agglomerates host even finer (< 3 nm) metal and metal oxide particles. Elemental analysis indicated an association of Hg with the nanocarbon. Arsenic, Se, Pb, Co, and traces of Ti and Ba are often associated with Fe-rich particles within the nanocarbon deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Hower
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA.
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Tseng MT, Dozier A, Haribabu B, Graham UM. Transendothelial migration of ferric ion in FeCl3 injured murine common carotid artery. Thromb Res 2006; 118:275-80. [PMID: 16243382 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Revised: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Adventitial application of FeCl(3) causes endothelial injury, platelet aggregation, and a rapid onset of thrombus formation. The transmigration pathway of the ferric ion has not been definitively identified. Using a combination of TEM and X-ray elemental analysis, this study aims to elucidate the endothelial pathway of ferric ion migration in carotid artery. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular injury was induced by placing a Whatman #1 filter paper strip saturated with 10% FeCl(3) over the common carotid artery in male C57BL/6 mice for 3 min. After rinsing in saline, the mice were terminated at 10 or 30 min. The FeCL(3) exposed segments of the common carotid artery were dissected, and processed for TEM. Thrombus formation was observed in all cases. Endothelial and smooth muscle injuries were observed in segments of the vessel in direct contact with the oxidant. The endothelial injury ranged from minimal damage to total denudation. The basal endothelial surface adjacent to the internal elastic lamina showed accumulation of electron opaque vesicles. The membrane enclosed particles transmigrated across the endothelium and exocytosed into the lumen. The nature of the particles shown by STEM/EDS was rich in ferric ion. Elemental analysis also showed that some ferric oxide aggregates formed near the developing thrombus in the vascular lumen. CONCLUSION Our results showed the ferric ion permeated the endothelial basal lamina before entering the arterial lumen via endocytic-exocytic pathway. This study provides an ultrastructural framework for future analysis of the adluminal and luminal injuries in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Tseng
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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Jacobs G, Ricote S, Graham UM, Patterson PM, Davis BH. Low temperature water gas shift: Type and loading of metal impacts forward decomposition of pseudo-stabilized formate over metal/ceria catalysts. Catal Today 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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