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Volkov OM, Wolf D, Pylypovskyi OV, Kákay A, Sheka DD, Büchner B, Fassbender J, Lubk A, Makarov D. Chirality coupling in topological magnetic textures with multiple magnetochiral parameters. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1491. [PMID: 36932066 PMCID: PMC10023801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral effects originate from the lack of inversion symmetry within the lattice unit cell or sample's shape. Being mapped onto magnetic ordering, chirality enables topologically non-trivial textures with a given handedness. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a static 3D texture characterized by two magnetochiral parameters being magnetic helicity of the vortex and geometrical chirality of the core string itself in geometrically curved asymmetric permalloy cap with a size of 80 nm and a vortex ground state. We experimentally validate the nonlocal chiral symmetry breaking effect in this object, which leads to the geometric deformation of the vortex string into a helix with curvature 3 μm-1 and torsion 11 μm-1. The geometric chirality of the vortex string is determined by the magnetic helicity of the vortex texture, constituting coupling of two chiral parameters within the same texture. Beyond the vortex state, we anticipate that complex curvilinear objects hosting 3D magnetic textures like curved skyrmion tubes and hopfions can be characterized by multiple coupled magnetochiral parameters, that influence their statics and field- or current-driven dynamics for spin-orbitronics and magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii M Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Kyiv Academic University, 03142, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Attila Kákay
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis D Sheka
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Lubk
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Guo S, Wang B, Wolf D, Lubk A, Xia W, Wang M, Xiao Y, Cui J, Pravarthana D, Dou Z, Leistner K, Li RW, Hühne R, Nielsch K. Hierarchically Engineered Manganite Thin Films with a Wide-Temperature-Range Colossal Magnetoresistance Response. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2517-2528. [PMID: 36651833 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colossal magnetoresistance is of great fundamental and technological significance in condensed-matter physics, magnetic memory, and sensing technologies. However, its relatively narrow working temperature window is still a severe obstacle for potential applications due to the nature of the material-inherent phase transition. Here, we realized hierarchical La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films with well-defined (001) and (221) crystallographic orientations by combining substrate modification with conventional thin-film deposition. Microscopic investigations into its magnetic transition through electron holography reveal that the hierarchical microstructure significantly broadens the temperature range of the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition, which further widens the response temperature range of the macroscopic colossal magnetoresistance under the scheme of the double-exchange mechanism. Therefore, this work puts forward a method to alter the magnetic transition and thus to extend the magnetoresistance working window by nanoengineering, which might be a promising approach also for other phase-transition-related effects in functional oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Baomin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Axel Lubk
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Weixing Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingkun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dhanapal Pravarthana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Dou
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Karin Leistner
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Storage, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
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Zheng F, Beleggia M, Migunov V, Pozzi G, Dunin-Borkowski RE. Electron-beam-induced charging of an Al 2O3 nanotip studied using off-axis electron holography. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 241:113593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Guo S, Henschel M, Wolf D, Pohl D, Lubk A, Blon T, Neu V, Leistner K. Size-Specific Magnetic Configurations in Electrodeposited Epitaxial Iron Nanocuboids: From Landau Pattern to Vortex and Single Domain States. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4006-4012. [PMID: 35533100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the size of magnetic devices continuously decreases, the creation of three-dimensional nanomagnets and the understanding of their magnetic configurations become increasingly important for modern applications. Here, by progressive nucleation during epitaxial nanoelectrodeposition, we synthesize single-crystal iron nanocuboids with sizes ranging 10 to 200 nm on one sample. The size-dependent magnetic configurations of these nanocuboids are studied by quantitative magnetic force microscopy and electron holography. In conjunction, a "magnetic configuration versus size" phase diagram is established via micromagnetic simulations. Both experiment and theory reveal a sequential transition from Landau pattern to vortex and finally single domain when decreasing the sizes of the nanocuboids. The combinatorial-like approach leads to a quantitative understanding of the magnetic configurations of the nanomagnets in a broad size range. It can be transferred to other materials and shapes and thereby presents an advanced route to enrich the material library for future nanodevice design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Darius Pohl
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Lubk
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Blon
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO,135 Av. Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Volker Neu
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin Leistner
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Storage, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, TU Chemnitz, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
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5
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De la Torre I MH, Mendoza Santoyo F, Flores M JM, Hernandez-M MDS. Gabor's holography: seven decades influencing optics [Invited]. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:B225-B236. [PMID: 35201144 DOI: 10.1364/ao.443556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dennis Gabor's seminal idea of a simple all-optical setup aimed at reconstructing the object wavefront stored on a photographic plate gave birth a little over seven decades ago to the field of holography. In 1971 Gabor obtained the Nobel Prize in Physics for this invention. Still, the road in the early days after his two first papers on the subject was one full of obstacles, so his scientific and engineering contemporaries put his idea to rest for more than 10 years, until the invention of the laser. This fact made his holographic concept take off to new and unsuspected applications. This invited review paper is a homage to Dennis Gabor's 50th anniversary of his Nobel Prize accolade. For this purpose, the review departs from the typical common route, i.e., those written following a timeline fashion, and instead is written with the intent to cover only a few of the holography applications in optics while scanning the electromagnetic spectrum. In doing this, the authors are aware that other invited papers for this special issue will tackle other subjects not dealt with in this review non-timeline paper.
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Lê Anh M, Potapov P, Wolf D, Lubk A, Glatz B, Fery A, Doert T, Ruck M. Freestanding Nanolayers of a Wide-Gap Topological Insulator through Liquid-Phase Exfoliation. Chemistry 2021; 27:794-801. [PMID: 33125781 PMCID: PMC7839554 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The layered salt Bi14 Rh3 I9 is a weak three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI), that is, a stack of two-dimensional (2D) TIs. It has a wide non-trivial band gap of 210 meV, which is generated by strong spin-orbit coupling, and possesses protected electronic edge-states. In the structure, charged layers of∞ 2 [ (Bi4 Rh)3 I]2+ honeycombs and∞ 1 [ Bi2 I8 ]2- chains alternate. The non-trivial topology of Bi14 Rh3 I9 is an inherent property of the 2D intermetallic fragment. Here, the exfoliation of Bi14 Rh3 I9 was performed using two different chemical approaches: (a) through a reaction with n-butyllithium and poly(vinylpyrrolidone), (b) through a reaction with betaine in dimethylformamide at 55 °C. The former yielded few-layer sheets of the new compound Bi12 Rh3 I, while the latter led to crystalline sheets of Bi14 Rh3 I9 with a thickness down to 5 nm and edge-lengths up to several ten microns. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy proved that the structure of Bi14 Rh3 I9 remained intact. Thus, it was assumed that the particles are still TIs. Dispersions of these flakes now allow for next steps towards the envisioned applications in nanoelectronics, such as the study of quantum coherence in deposited films, the combination with superconducting particles or films for the generation of Majorana fermions, or studies on their behavior under the influence of magnetic or electric fields or in contact with various materials occurring in devices. The method presented generally allows to exfoliate layers with high specific charges and thus the use of layered starting materials beyond van der Waals crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Lê Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | | | | | - Axel Lubk
- Leibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Bernhard Glatz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids01187DresdenGermany
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McCartney MR, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Smith DJ. Quantitative measurement of nanoscale electrostatic potentials and charges using off-axis electron holography: Developments and opportunities. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 203:105-118. [PMID: 30772077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Off-axis electron holography has evolved into a powerful electron-microscopy-based technique for characterizing electromagnetic fields with nanometer-scale resolution. In this paper, we present a review of the application of off-axis electron holography to the quantitative measurement of electrostatic potentials and charge density distributions. We begin with a short overview of the theoretical and experimental basis of the technique. Practical aspects of phase imaging, sample preparation and microscope operation are outlined briefly. Applications of off-axis electron holography to a wide range of materials are then described in more detail. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for electron holography investigations of electrostatic fields and charge density distributions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - David J Smith
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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8
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Börrnert F, Renner J, Kaiser U. Electron Source Brightness and Illumination Semi-Angle Distribution Measurement in a Transmission Electron Microscope. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2018; 24:249-255. [PMID: 29781407 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electron source brightness is an important parameter of an electron microscope. Reliable and easy brightness measurement routes are not easily found. A determination method for the illumination semi-angle distribution in transmission electron microscopy is even less well documented. Herein, we report a facile measurement route for both entities and demonstrate it on a state-of-the-art instrument. The reduced axial brightness of the FEI X-FEG with a monochromator was determined to be larger than 108 A/(m2 sr V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Börrnert
- Materialwissenschaftliche Elektronenmikroskopie,Universität Ulm,Albert-Einstein-Allee 11,89081 Ulm,Germany
| | - Julian Renner
- Materialwissenschaftliche Elektronenmikroskopie,Universität Ulm,Albert-Einstein-Allee 11,89081 Ulm,Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Materialwissenschaftliche Elektronenmikroskopie,Universität Ulm,Albert-Einstein-Allee 11,89081 Ulm,Germany
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9
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Schneider S, Wolf D, Stolt MJ, Jin S, Pohl D, Rellinghaus B, Schmidt M, Büchner B, Goennenwein STB, Nielsch K, Lubk A. Induction Mapping of the 3D-Modulated Spin Texture of Skyrmions in Thin Helimagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:217201. [PMID: 29883134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.217201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Envisaged applications of Skyrmions in magnetic memory and logic devices crucially depend on the stability and mobility of these topologically nontrivial magnetic textures in thin films. We present for the first time quantitative maps of the magnetic induction that provide evidence for a 3D modulation of the Skyrmionic spin texture. The projected in-plane magnetic induction maps as determined from in-line and off-axis electron holography carry the clear signature of Bloch Skyrmions. However, the magnitude of this induction is much smaller than the values expected for homogeneous Bloch Skyrmions that extend throughout the thickness of the film. This finding can only be understood if the underlying spin textures are modulated along the out-of-plane z direction. The projection of (the in-plane magnetic induction of) helices is further found to exhibit thickness-dependent lateral shifts, which show that this z modulation is accompanied by an (in-plane) modulation along the x and y directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schneider
- Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Wolf
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M J Stolt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Pohl
- Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Rellinghaus
- Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Schmidt
- Department Chemical Metal Science, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Büchner
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - S T B Goennenwein
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Transport and Devices of Emergent Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Nielsch
- Institute for Metallic Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 7, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Lubk
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Ortega E, Cantu-Valle J, Plascencia-Villa G, Vergara S, Mendoza-Santoyo F, Londono-Calderon A, Santiago U, Ponce A. Morphology visualization of irregular shape bacteria by electron holography and tomography. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:1249-1255. [PMID: 28799676 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, irregular morphology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria has been visualized by phase retrieval employing off-axis electron holography (EH) and 3D reconstruction electron tomography using high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Bacteria interacting with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) acquired a shrunken or irregular shape due to air dehydration processing. STEM imaging shows the attachment of AuNP on the surface of cells and suggests an irregular 3D morphology of the specimen. The phase reconstruction demonstrates that off-axis electron holography can reveal with a single hologram the morphology of the specimen and the distribution of the functionalized AuNPs. In addition, EH reduces significantly the acquisition time and the cumulative radiation damage (in three orders of magnitude) over biological samples in comparison with multiple tilted electron expositions intrinsic to electron tomography, as well as the processing time and the reconstruction artifacts that may arise during tomogram reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ortega
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Jesús Cantu-Valle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Sandra Vergara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Fernando Mendoza-Santoyo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Alejandra Londono-Calderon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | | | - Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249
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Kern F, Wolf D, Pschera P, Lubk A. Quantitative determination of elastic and inelastic attenuation coefficients by off-axis electron holography. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 171:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Schneider S, Pohl D, Löffler S, Rusz J, Kasinathan D, Schattschneider P, Schultz L, Rellinghaus B. Magnetic properties of single nanomagnets: Electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism on FePt nanoparticles. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 171:186-194. [PMID: 27694036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) allows for the quantification of magnetic properties of materials at the nanometer scale. It is shown that with the support of simulations that help to identify the optimal conditions for a successful experiment and upon implementing measurement routines that effectively reduce the noise floor, EMCD measurements can be pushed towards quantitative magnetic measurements even on individual nanoparticles. With this approach, the ratio of orbital to spin magnetic moments for the Fe atoms in a single L10 ordered FePt nanoparticle is determined to be ml/ms=0.08±0.02. This finding is in good quantitative agreement with the results of XMCD ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schneider
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany; TU Dresden, Institut für Festkörperphysik, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Darius Pohl
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Löffler
- TU Wien, University Service Centre for Electron Microscopy, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria; McMaster University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S4L8
| | - Ján Rusz
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deepa Kasinathan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Department of Physics of Correlated Matter, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Schattschneider
- TU Wien, University Service Centre for Electron Microscopy, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria; TU Wien, Institute of Solid State Physics, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Schultz
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany; TU Dresden, Institut für Festkörperphysik, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Rellinghaus
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Börrnert F. Thoughts about next-generation (S)TEM instruments in science. Micron 2016; 90:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gan Z, DiNezza M, Zhang YH, Smith DJ, McCartney MR. Determination of Mean Inner Potential and Inelastic Mean Free Path of ZnTe Using Off-Axis Electron Holography and Dynamical Effects Affecting Phase Determination. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:1406-1412. [PMID: 26611637 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615015378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mean inner potential (MIP) and inelastic mean free path (IMFP) of undoped ZnTe are determined using a combination of off-axis electron holography and convergent beam electron diffraction. The ZnTe MIP is measured to be 13.7±0.6 V, agreeing with previously reported simulations, and the IMFP at 200 keV is determined to be 46±2 nm for a collection angle of 0.75 mrad. Dynamical effects affecting holographic phase imaging as a function of incident beam direction for several common semiconductors are systematically studied and compared using Bloch wave simulations. These simulation results emphasize the need for careful choice of specimen orientation when carrying out quantitative electron holography studies in order to avoid erroneous phase measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Gan
- 1Department of Physics,Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ 85287,USA
| | - Michael DiNezza
- 2School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering,Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ 85287,USA
| | - Yong-Hang Zhang
- 2School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering,Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ 85287,USA
| | - David J Smith
- 1Department of Physics,Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ 85287,USA
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Ercius P, Alaidi O, Rames MJ, Ren G. Electron Tomography: A Three-Dimensional Analytic Tool for Hard and Soft Materials Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5638-63. [PMID: 26087941 PMCID: PMC4710474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) structural analysis is essential to understand the relationship between the structure and function of an object. Many analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, neutron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy imaging, are used to provide structural information. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), one of the most popular analytic tools, has been widely used for structural analysis in both physical and biological sciences for many decades, in which 3D objects are projected into two-dimensional (2D) images. In many cases, 2D-projection images are insufficient to understand the relationship between the 3D structure and the function of nanoscale objects. Electron tomography (ET) is a technique that retrieves 3D structural information from a tilt series of 2D projections, and is gradually becoming a mature technology with sub-nanometer resolution. Distinct methods to overcome sample-based limitations have been separately developed in both physical and biological science, although they share some basic concepts of ET. This review discusses the common basis for 3D characterization, and specifies difficulties and solutions regarding both hard and soft materials research. It is hoped that novel solutions based on current state-of-the-art techniques for advanced applications in hybrid matter systems can be motivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ercius
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Osama Alaidi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew J. Rames
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gang Ren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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16
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Towards quantitative electrostatic potential mapping of working semiconductor devices using off-axis electron holography. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 152:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Börrnert F, Müller H, Riedel T, Linck M, Kirkland AI, Haider M, Büchner B, Lichte H. A flexible multi-stimuli in situ (S)TEM: Concept, optical performance, and outlook. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 151:31-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Röder F, Lubk A. Transfer and reconstruction of the density matrix in off-axis electron holography. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 146:103-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Szwarcman D, Prosandeev S, Louis L, Berger S, Rosenberg Y, Lereah Y, Bellaiche L, Markovich G. The stabilization of a single domain in free-standing ferroelectric nanocrystals. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:122202. [PMID: 24594615 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/12/122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High resolution electron microscopy, electron diffraction and electron holography were used to study individual free-standing ∼ 30 nm barium titanate nanocrystals. Large unidirectional variations in the tetragonal distortion were mapped across the smaller nanocrystals, peaking to anomalously large values of up to 4% at the centers of the nanocrystals. This indicated that the nanocrystals consist of highly strained single ferroelectric domains. Simulations using an effective Hamiltonian for modeling a nanocrystal under a small depolarizing field and negative pressure qualitatively confirm this picture. These simulations, along with the development of a phenomenological model, show that the tetragonal distortion variation is a combined effect of: (i) electrostrictive coupling between the spontaneous polarization and strain inside the nanocrystal, and (ii) a surface-induced effective stress existing inside the nanodot. As a result, a 'strain skin layer', having a smaller tetragonal distortion relative to the core of the nanocrystal, is created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Szwarcman
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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