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Chen L, Wang Z, Fu X, Wang S, Feng Y, Coudyzer W, Wu S, Zhang H, Chai Z, Li Y, Ni Y. Dynamic 3D morphology of chick embryos and allantois depicted nondestructively by 3.0T clinical magnetic resonance imaging. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102902. [PMID: 37429051 PMCID: PMC10466300 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Driven by a global trend of applying replace-reduce-refine or 3Rs' guidance for experimental animals in life sciences, chick embryo and particularly allantois with its chorioallantoic membrane have been increasingly utilized to substitute laboratory animals, which call for more extensive and updated knowledge about this novel experimental setup. In this study, being noninvasive, nonionizing, and super-contrasting with high spatiotemporal resolutions, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was chosen as an imaging modality for in ovo monitoring morphologic evolution of the chick embryo, allantois, and chorioallantoic membrane longitudinally throughout embryonic day (ED) 1 until ED20. Cooled in 0°C ice bath for 60 min to reduce MRI motion artifacts, 3 chick embryos (n = 60 in total) on each ED were scanned by a clinical 3.0T MRI scanner to demonstrate 3D images of both T2- and T1-weighted imaging (T2WI, T1WI) sequences at axial, sagittal, and coronal slices. The volumes of both the entire chick embryo and allantois were semi-automatically segmented based on intensity-based thresholding and region-growing algorithms. The morphometries or quantified 3D structures were achieved by refined segmentation, and confirmed by histological analyses (one for each ED). After MRI, the rest of chick embryos (n = 40) continued for incubation. The images from ED2 to ED4 could demonstrate the structural changes of latebra, suggesting its transition into a nutrient supplying channel of yolk sac. The allantois could be recognized by MRI, and its relative volumes on each ED revealed an evolving profile peaked on ED12, with a statistically significant difference from those of earlier and later EDs (P < 0.01). The hypointensity of the yolk due to the susceptibility effect of its enriched iron content overshadowed the otherwise hyperintensity of its lipid components. The chick embryos survived prior cooling and MRI till hatching on ED21. The results could be further developed into a 3D MRI atlas of chick embryo. Clinical 3.0T MRI proved effective as a noninvasive approach to study in ovo 3D embryonic development across the full period (ED1-ED20), which can complement the present knowhow for poultry industry and biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Xubin Fu
- Tianjin Ringpu Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Shuncong Wang
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yuanbo Feng
- KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Chai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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3D Reconstruction of Chick Embryo Vascular Geometries Using Non-invasive High-Frequency Ultrasound for Computational Fluid Dynamics Studies. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2780-93. [PMID: 26014359 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent animal studies have provided evidence that prenatal blood flow fluid mechanics may play a role in the pathogenesis of congenital cardiovascular malformations. To further these researches, it is important to have an imaging technique for small animal embryos with sufficient resolution to support computational fluid dynamics studies, and that is also non-invasive and non-destructive to allow for subject-specific, longitudinal studies. In the current study, we developed such a technique, based on ultrasound biomicroscopy scans on chick embryos. Our technique included a motion cancelation algorithm to negate embryonic body motion, a temporal averaging algorithm to differentiate blood spaces from tissue spaces, and 3D reconstruction of blood volumes in the embryo. The accuracy of the reconstructed models was validated with direct stereoscopic measurements. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed to model fluid flow in the generated construct of a Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stage 27 embryo. Simulation results showed that there were divergent streamlines and a low shear region at the carotid duct, which may be linked to the carotid duct's eventual regression and disappearance by HH stage 34. We show that our technique has sufficient resolution to produce accurate geometries for computational fluid dynamics simulations to quantify embryonic cardiovascular fluid mechanics.
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Würbach L, Heidrich A, Opfermann T, Gebhardt P, Saluz HP. Insights into Bone Metabolism of Avian Embryos In Ovo Via 3D and 4D 18F-fluoride Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 14:688-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-012-0550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Qian M, Niu L, Wang Y, Jiang B, Jin Q, Jiang C, Zheng H. Measurement of flow velocity fields in small vessel-mimic phantoms and vessels of small animals using micro ultrasonic particle image velocimetry (micro-EPIV). Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:6069-88. [PMID: 20858920 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/20/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Determining a multidimensional velocity field within microscale opaque fluid flows is needed in areas such as microfluidic devices, biofluid mechanics and hemodynamics research in animal studies. The ultrasonic particle image velocimetry (EchoPIV) technique is appropriate for measuring opaque flows by taking advantage of PIV and B-mode ultrasound contrast imaging. However, the use of clinical ultrasound systems for imaging flows in small structures or animals has limitations associated with spatial resolution. This paper reports on the development of a high-resolution EchoPIV technique (termed as micro-EPIV) and its application in measuring flows in small vessel-mimic phantoms and vessels of small animals. Phantom experiments demonstrate the validity of the technique, providing velocity estimates within 4.1% of the analytically derived values with regard to the flows in a small straight vessel-mimic phantom, and velocity estimates within 5.9% of the computationally simulated values with regard to the flows in a small stenotic vessel-mimic phantom. Animal studies concerning arterial and venous flows of living rats and rabbits show that the micro-EPIV-measured peak velocities within several cardiac cycles are about 25% below the values measured by the ultrasonic spectral Doppler technique. The micro-EPIV technique is able to effectively measure the flow fields within microscale opaque fluid flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qian
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Qian M, Yan L, Niu L, Jin Q, Ling T, Chen Y, Zheng H. Micro-ultrasound biofluid imaging and multi-component velocity measurement with micro echo particle image velocimetry technique. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:451-454. [PMID: 19964936 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5334863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a high-resolution microscale ultrasonic particle image velocimetry technique (termed as Micro-EPIV) for measuring multi-component velocity vectors in microscale opaque flows such as blood and biofluid flow in microvessel. The method was tested by in vitro flow imaging and in vivo small animal blood flow imaging studies. The bioflow and blood flow were seeded with ultrasound contrast microbubbles, and were "illuminated" acoustically by 50 MHz and 30 MHz ultrasound, respectively. B-mode images obtained at imaging frame rate of 10 frames per second (fps) and 110 fps were constructed from back-scattered RF signals from bubbles. Then, consecutive images were processed with optimized PIV algorithm, to acquire multi-component velocity vectors. The results were in good agreement with analytical solutions and the velocities measured by ultrasound Doppler technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qian
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical imaging, the Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China 518067
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