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Alenezi HA, Hemmings KE, Kandavelu P, Koch-Paszkowski J, Bailey MA. Comparative Analysis of Micro-Computed Tomography and 3D Micro-Ultrasound for Measurement of the Mouse Aorta. J Imaging 2024; 10:145. [PMID: 38921622 PMCID: PMC11204474 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms, life-threatening and often undetected until they cause sudden death, occur when the aorta dilates beyond 1.5 times its normal size. This study used ultrasound scans and micro-computed tomography to monitor and measure aortic volume in preclinical settings, comparing it to the well-established measurement using ultrasound scans. The reproducibility of measurements was also examined for intra- and inter-observer variability, with both modalities used on 8-week-old C57BL6 mice. For inter-observer variability, the μCT (micro-computed tomography) measurements for the thoracic, abdominal, and whole aorta between observers were highly consistent, showing a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.80, 0.80, 0.95, respectively) and no significant variability (p-value: 0.03, 0.03, 0.004, respectively). The intra-observer variability for thoracic, abdominal, and whole aorta scans demonstrated a significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.99, 0.96, 0.87, respectively) and low variability (p-values = 0.0004, 0.002, 0.01, respectively). The comparison between μCT and USS (ultrasound) in the suprarenal and infrarenal aorta showed no significant difference (p-value = 0.20 and 0.21, respectively). μCT provided significantly higher aortic volume measurements compared to USS. The reproducibility of USS and μCT measurements was consistent, showing minimal variance among observers. These findings suggest that μCT is a reliable alternative for comprehensive aortic phenotyping, consistent with clinical findings in human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar A. Alenezi
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK (M.A.B.)
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2
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Xie Y, Huang Y, Stevenson HCS, Yin L, Zhang K, Islam ZH, Marcum WA, Johnston C, Hoyt N, Kent EW, Wang B, Hossack JA. A Quantitative Method for the Evaluation of Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Murine Model Using Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:200. [PMID: 38255304 PMCID: PMC11154521 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a life-threatening condition that can lead to its sequelae pulmonary embolism (PE) or post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Murine models of DVT are frequently used in early-stage disease research and to assess potential therapies. This creates the need for the reliable and easy quantification of blood clots. In this paper, we present a novel high-frequency 3D ultrasound approach for the quantitative evaluation of the volume of DVT in an in vitro model and an in vivo murine model. The proposed method involves the use of a high-resolution ultrasound acquisition system and semiautomatic segmentation of the clot. The measured 3D volume of blood clots was validated to be correlated with in vitro blood clot weights with an R2 of 0.89. Additionally, the method was confirmed with an R2 of 0.91 in the in vivo mouse model with a cylindrical volume from macroscopic measurement. We anticipate that the proposed method will be useful in pharmacological or therapeutic studies in murine models of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (H.C.S.S.)
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (H.C.S.S.)
| | - Hugo C. S. Stevenson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (H.C.S.S.)
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.I.); (W.A.M.); (C.J.); (N.H.); (E.W.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Kaijie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.I.); (W.A.M.); (C.J.); (N.H.); (E.W.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Zain Husain Islam
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.I.); (W.A.M.); (C.J.); (N.H.); (E.W.K.); (B.W.)
| | - William Aaron Marcum
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.I.); (W.A.M.); (C.J.); (N.H.); (E.W.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Campbell Johnston
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.I.); (W.A.M.); (C.J.); (N.H.); (E.W.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Nicholas Hoyt
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.I.); (W.A.M.); (C.J.); (N.H.); (E.W.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Eric William Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.I.); (W.A.M.); (C.J.); (N.H.); (E.W.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (L.Y.); (K.Z.); (Z.H.I.); (W.A.M.); (C.J.); (N.H.); (E.W.K.); (B.W.)
| | - John A. Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.X.); (Y.H.); (H.C.S.S.)
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Ibrahim N, Bleichert S, Klopf J, Kurzreiter G, Knöbl V, Hayden H, Busch A, Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff A, Eilenberg W, Neumayer C, Bailey MA, Brostjan C. 3D Ultrasound Measurements Are Highly Sensitive to Monitor Formation and Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mouse Models. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:944180. [PMID: 35903666 PMCID: PMC9314770 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.944180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Available mouse models for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) differ substantially in the applied triggers, associated pathomechanisms and rate of vessel expansion. While maximum aortic diameter (determined after aneurysm excision or by 2D ultrasound) is commonly applied to document aneurysm development, we evaluated the sensitivity and reproducibility of 3D ultrasound to monitor aneurysm growth in four distinct mouse models of AAA. Methods The models included angiotensin-II infusion in ApoE deficient mice, topical elastase application on aortas in C57BL/6J mice (with or without oral administration of β-aminoproprionitrile) and intraluminal elastase perfusion in C57BL/6J mice. AAA development was monitored using semi-automated 3D ultrasound for aortic volume calculation over 12 mm length and assessment of maximum aortic diameter. Results While the models differed substantially in the time course of aneurysm development, 3D ultrasound measurements (volume and diameter) proved highly reproducible with concordance correlation coefficients > 0.93 and variations below 9% between two independent observers. Except for the elastase perfusion model where aorta expansion was lowest and best detected by diameter increase, all other models showed high sensitivity of absolute volume and diameter measurements in monitoring AAA formation and progression by 3D ultrasound. When compared to standard 2D ultrasound, the 3D derived parameters generally reached the highest effect size. Conclusion This study has yielded novel information on the robustness and limitations of semi-automated 3D ultrasound analysis and provided the first direct comparison of aortic volume increase over time in four widely applied mouse models of AAA. While 3D ultrasound generally proved highly sensitive in detecting early AAA formation, the 3D based volume analysis was found inferior to maximum diameter assessment in the elastase perfusion model where the extent of inflicted local injury is determined by individual anatomical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Ibrahim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Bleichert
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Klopf
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Kurzreiter
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Knöbl
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hayden
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albert Busch
- Department for Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technical University of Dresden, University Hospital Carl-Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff
- Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolf Eilenberg
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc A. Bailey
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Imaging Techniques for Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections in Mice: Comparisons of Ex Vivo, In Situ, and Ultrasound Approaches. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020339. [PMID: 35204838 PMCID: PMC8869425 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms and dissections are life-threatening conditions that have a high risk for lethal bleeding and organ malperfusion. Many studies have investigated the molecular basis of these diseases using mouse models. In mice, ex vivo, in situ, and ultrasound imaging are major approaches to evaluate aortic diameters, a common parameter to determine the severity of aortic aneurysms. However, accurate evaluations of aortic dimensions by these imaging approaches could be challenging due to pathological features of aortic aneurysms. Currently, there is no standardized mode to assess aortic dissections in mice. It is important to understand the characteristics of each approach for reliable evaluation of aortic dilatations. In this review, we summarize imaging techniques used for aortic visualization in recent mouse studies and discuss their pros and cons. We also provide suggestions to facilitate the visualization of mouse aortas.
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Waduud MA, Kandavelu P, Reay M, Paradine K, Scott DJA, Bailey MA. High-Frequency Three-Dimensional Lumen Volume Ultrasound Is a Sensitive Method to Detect Early Aneurysmal Change in Elastase-Induced Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. AORTA 2021; 9:215-220. [PMID: 34963161 PMCID: PMC8714318 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of anterior–posterior diameter (APd
max
) and three-dimensional lumen volume (3DLV) measurements of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in a classical murine AAA model. We also compared the magnitude of change in the aortic size detected with each method of assessment.
Methods
Periadventitial application of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE AAA) or sham surgery was performed in two cohorts of mice. Cohort 1 was used to assess for observer variability with the APd
max
and 3DLV measurements. Cohort 2 highlighted the relationship between APd
max
and 3DLV and changes in AAA detected.
Results
There was no significant observer variability detected with APd
max
measurement. Similarly, no significant intraobserver variability was evident with 3DLV; however, a small but significant interobserver difference was present. APd
max
and 3DLV measurements of PPE AAA significantly correlated. However, changes in the AAA morphology were detected earlier with 3DLV.
Conclusion
APd
max
and 3DLV are both reliable methods for measuring an AAA. Both these methods correlate with each other. However, changes in AAA morphology were detected earlier with 3DLV, which is important to detect subtle but important changes to aortic geometry in a laboratory setting. 3DLV measurement of AAA is a simple, reproducible, and comprehensive method for assessing changes in disease morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Waduud
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Parkavi Kandavelu
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Reay
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Paradine
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David J. A. Scott
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A. Bailey
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Animal Models Used to Explore Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Systematic Review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 52:487-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Rowinska Z, Gorressen S, Merx MW, Koeppel TA, Liehn EA, Zernecke A. Establishment of a new murine elastase-induced aneurysm model combined with transplantation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102648. [PMID: 25068788 PMCID: PMC4113210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of our study was to develop a reproducible murine model of elastase-induced aneurysm formation combined with aortic transplantation. Methods Adult male mice (n = 6–9 per group) underwent infrarenal, orthotopic transplantation of the aorta treated with elastase or left untreated. Subsequently, both groups of mice were monitored by ultrasound until 7 weeks after grafting. Results Mice receiving an elastase-pretreated aorta developed aneurysms and exhibited a significantly increased diastolic vessel diameter compared to control grafted mice at 7 week after surgery (1.11±0.10 mm vs. 0.75±0.03 mm; p≤0,001). Histopathological examination revealed disruption of medial elastin, an increase in collagen content and smooth muscle cells, and neointima formation in aneurysm grafts. Conclusions We developed a reproducible murine model of elastase-induced aneurysm combined with aortic transplantation. This model may be suitable to investigate aneurysm-specific inflammatory processes and for use in gene-targeted animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Rowinska
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University Department of Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Simone Gorressen
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc W. Merx
- Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Robert Koch Krankenhaus, Klinikum Region Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Koeppel
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University Department of Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Molecular imaging of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:973150. [PMID: 23737735 PMCID: PMC3655677 DOI: 10.1155/2013/973150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current laboratory research in the field of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease often utilizes small animal experimental models induced by genetic manipulation or chemical application. This has led to the use and development of multiple high-resolution molecular imaging modalities capable of tracking disease progression, quantifying the role of inflammation, and evaluating the effects of potential therapeutics. In vivo imaging reduces the number of research animals used, provides molecular and cellular information, and allows for longitudinal studies, a necessity when tracking vessel expansion in a single animal. This review outlines developments of both established and emerging molecular imaging techniques used to study AAA disease. Beyond the typical modalities used for anatomical imaging, which include ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT), previous molecular imaging efforts have used magnetic resonance (MR), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). Mouse and rat AAA models will hopefully provide insight into potential disease mechanisms, and the development of advanced molecular imaging techniques, if clinically useful, may have translational potential. These efforts could help improve the management of aneurysms and better evaluate the therapeutic potential of new treatments for human AAA disease.
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9
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Non- invasive in vivo analysis of a murine aortic graft using high resolution ultrasound microimaging. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81:244-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Hong H, Yang Y, Liu B, Cai W. Imaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: the present and the future. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2011; 8:808-19. [PMID: 20180767 DOI: 10.2174/157016110793563898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a common, progressive, and potentially lethal vascular disease. A major obstacle in AAA research, as well as patient care, is the lack of technology that enables non-invasive acquisition of molecular/cellular information in the developing AAA. In this review we will briefly summarize the current techniques (e.g. ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) for anatomical imaging of AAA. We also discuss the various functional imaging techniques that have been explored for AAA imaging. In many cases, these anatomical and functional imaging techniques are not sufficient for providing surgeons/clinicians enough information about each individual AAA (e.g. rupture risk) to optimize patient management. Recently, molecular imaging techniques (e.g. optical and radionuclide-based) have been employed to visualize the molecular alterations associated with AAA, which are discussed in this review. Lastly, we try to provide a glance into the future and point out the challenges for AAA imaging. We believe that the future of AAA imaging lies in the combination of anatomical and molecular imaging techniques, which are largely complementary rather than competitive. Ultimately, with the right molecular imaging probe, clinicians will be able to monitor AAA growth and evaluate the risk of rupture accurately, so that the life-saving surgery can be provided to the right patients at the right time. Equally important, the right imaging probe will also allow scientists/clinicians to acquire critical data during AAA development and to more accurately evaluate the efficacy of potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA
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11
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Cao RY, Amand T, Ford MD, Piomelli U, Funk CD. The Murine Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model: Rupture Risk and Inflammatory Progression Patterns. Front Pharmacol 2010; 1:9. [PMID: 21713101 PMCID: PMC3112241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an enlargement of the greatest artery in the body defined as an increase in diameter of 1.5-fold. AAAs are common in the elderly population and thousands die each year from their complications. The most commonly used mouse model to study the pathogenesis of AAA is the angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion method delivered via osmotic mini-pump for 28 days. Here, we studied the site-specificity and onset of aortic rupture, characterized three-dimensional (3D) images and flow patterns in developing AAAs by ultrasound imaging, and examined macrophage infiltration in the Ang II model using 65 apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Aortic rupture occurred in 16 mice (25%) and was nearly as prevalent at the aortic arch (44%) as it was in the suprarenal region (56%) and was most common within the first 7 days after Ang II infusion (12 of 16; 75%). Longitudinal ultrasound screening was found to correlate nicely with histological analysis and AAA volume renderings showed a significant relationship with AAA severity index. Aortic dissection preceded altered flow patterns and macrophage infiltration was a prominent characteristic of developing AAAs. Targeting the inflammatory component of AAA disease with novel therapeutics will hopefully lead to new strategies to attenuate aneurysm growth and aortic rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Cao
- Department of Physiology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, Canada
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12
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In vivo assessment of the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on intimal hyperplasia in ApoE knockout mice. J Surg Res 2010; 162:26-32. [PMID: 20421114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) on injury-induced intimal hyperplasia in ApoE knock out (ApoE -/-) mice. We also examined the value of an ultrasound micro-image system in dynamic monitoring of lumen diameter and flow velocity. METHODS After guide wire injury of the distal left common carotid artery (CCA), ApoE-/- mice were treated with intraperitoneal infusion of normal saline (NS), homocysteine (Hcy), ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), or Hcy+Rb1 for 4 wk. Bilateral CCA luminal diameters and flow velocities were measured with an ultrasound micro-image system before surgery and weekly afterwards. Following the final ultrasound, CCAs were harvested and analyzed for intima-medium thickness ratios. RESULTS Progressive reduction in luminal diameters and increase in flow velocity of the injured left distal CCA segment were observed using ultrasound micro-imaging system in all groups compared with the relatively stable left proximal CCA and right CCA. The NS and Hcy groups had significantly higher degree of diameter reduction compared with the Rb1 and Rb1+Hcy groups. The ultrasound findings were consistent with histology analyses at 4 wk post-op. CONCLUSIONS The study suggested that Rb1 attenuated the effects of Hcy on injured carotid arteries of ApoE -/- mice. The study also showed that ultrasound micro-image system was a reliable tool in monitoring luminal reduction after injury in a murine model. This study establishes a fundamental step of in vivo monitoring of the therapeutic effects of agents in a murine model without sacrificing the animals.
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13
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Carson PL, Fenster A. Anniversary paper: evolution of ultrasound physics and the role of medical physicists and the AAPM and its journal in that evolution. Med Phys 2009; 36:411-28. [PMID: 19291980 DOI: 10.1118/1.2992048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound has been the greatest imaging modality worldwide for many years by equipment purchase value and by number of machines and examinations. It is becoming increasingly the front end imaging modality; serving often as an extension of the physician's fingers. We believe that at the other extreme, high-end systems will continue to compete with all other imaging modalities in imaging departments to be the method of choice for various applications, particularly where safety and cost are paramount. Therapeutic ultrasound, in addition to the physiotherapy practiced for many decades, is just coming into its own as a major tool in the long progression to less invasive interventional treatment. The physics of medical ultrasound has evolved over many fronts throughout its history. For this reason, a topical review, rather than a primarily chronological one is presented. A brief review of medical ultrasound imaging and therapy is presented, with an emphasis on the contributions of medical physicists, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and its publications, particularly its journal Medical Physics. The AAPM and Medical Physics have contributed substantially to training of physicists and engineers, medical practitioners, technologists, and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Carson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 3218C Medical Science I, B Wing SPC 5667, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5667, USA.
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