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Xie B, Ma H, Yang F, Chen H, Guo Y, Zhang H, Li T, Huang X, Zhao Y, Li X, Du J. Development and evaluation of 3D composite scaffolds with piezoelectricity and biofactor synergy for enhanced articular cartilage regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39291892 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The inability of articular cartilage to self-repair following injuries frequently precipitates osteoarthritis, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life. Given the limitations inherent in current clinical interventions, an urgent need exists for more effective cartilage regeneration methodologies. Previous studies have underscored the potential of electrical stimulation in cartilage repair, thus motivating the investigation of innovative strategies. The present study introduces a three-dimensional scaffold fabricated through a composite technique that leverages the synergy between piezoelectricity and biofactors to enhance cartilage repair. This scaffold is composed of polylactic acid (PLLA) and barium titanate (BT) for piezoelectric stimulation and at the bottom with a collagen-coated layer infused with fibroblast growth factor-18 (FGF-18) for biofactor delivery. Designed to emulate the properties of natural cartilage, the scaffold enables controlled generation of piezoelectric charges and the sustained release of biofactors. In vitro tests confirm that the scaffold promotes chondrocyte proliferation, matrix hyperplasia, cellular migration, and the expression of genes associated with cartilage formation. Moreover, in vivo studies on rabbits have illustrated its efficacy in catalyzing the in situ regeneration of articular cartilage defects and remodeling the extracellular matrix. This innovative approach offers significant potential for enhancing cartilage repair and holds profound implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China.
- Air Force Clinical College, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Hebin Ma
- Medical School of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Graduate School of Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Ya'nan Guo
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Xiaogang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Junjie Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China.
- Air Force Clinical College, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Graduate School of Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Zhou J, Ning E, Lu L, Zhang H, Yang X, Hao Y. Effectiveness of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteoarthritis: molecular mechanism and tissue engineering. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1292473. [PMID: 38695024 PMCID: PMC11061361 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1292473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is distinguished by pathological alterations in the synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and subchondral bone, resulting in physical symptoms such as pain, deformity, and impaired mobility. Numerous research studies have validated the effectiveness of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in OA treatment. The periodic mechanical waves generated by LIPUS can mitigate cellular ischemia and hypoxia, induce vibration and collision, produce notable thermal and non-thermal effects, alter cellular metabolism, expedite tissue repair, improve nutrient delivery, and accelerate the healing process of damaged tissues. The efficacy and specific mechanism of LIPUS is currently under investigation. This review provides an overview of LIPUS's potential role in the treatment of OA, considering various perspectives such as the synovial membrane, cartilage, subchondral bone, and tissue engineering. It aims to facilitate interdisciplinary scientific research and further exploration of LIPUS as a complementary technique to existing methods or surgery. Ongoing research is focused on determining the optimal dosage, frequency, timing, and treatment strategy of LIPUS for OA. Additional research is required to clarify the precise mechanism of action and potential impacts on cellular, animal, and human systems prior to its integration into therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Eryu Ning
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Lu
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Volarić D, Žauhar G, Chen J, Jerbić Radetić AT, Omrčen H, Raič A, Pirović R, Cvijanović Peloza O. The Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Bone Regeneration and the Expression of Osterix and Cyclooxygenase-2 during Critical-Size Bone Defect Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3882. [PMID: 38612693 PMCID: PMC11012169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a form of ultrasound that utilizes low-intensity pulsed waves. Its effect on bones that heal by intramembranous ossification has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, we examined LIPUS and the autologous bone, to determine their effect on the healing of the critical-size bone defect (CSBD) of the rat calvaria. The bone samples underwent histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Both LIPUS and autologous bone promoted osteogenesis, leading to almost complete closure of the bone defect. On day 30, the bone volume was the highest in the autologous bone group (20.35%), followed by the LIPUS group (19.12%), and the lowest value was in the control group (5.11%). The autologous bone group exhibited the highest intensities of COX-2 (167.7 ± 1.1) and Osx (177.1 ± 0.9) expression on day 30. In the LIPUS group, the highest intensity of COX-2 expression was found on day 7 (169.7 ±1.6) and day 15 (92.7 ± 2.2), while the highest Osx expression was on day 7 (131.9 ± 0.9). In conclusion, this study suggests that LIPUS could represent a viable alternative to autologous bone grafts in repairing bone defects that are ossified by intramembranous ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian Volarić
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Thalassotherapia Crikvenica—Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation, Gajevo Šetalište 21, 51260 Crikvenica, Croatia;
- Doctoral School of Biomedicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gordana Žauhar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Physics, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada;
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ana Terezija Jerbić Radetić
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (A.T.J.R.); (O.C.P.)
| | - Hrvoje Omrčen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-Goranska County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Antonio Raič
- University Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate Study Programme of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (A.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Roko Pirović
- University Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate Study Programme of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (A.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Olga Cvijanović Peloza
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (A.T.J.R.); (O.C.P.)
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Setoguchi F, Sena K, Noguchi K. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes BMP9 Induced Osteoblastic Differentiation in Rat Dedifferentiated Fat Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:406-414. [PMID: 37385636 PMCID: PMC10686803 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) isolated from mature adipocytes have a multilineage differentiation capacity similar to mesenchymal stem cells and are considered as promising source of cells for tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) have been reported to stimulate bone formation both in vitro and in vivo. However, the combined effect of BMP9 and LIPUS on osteoblastic differentiation of DFATs has not been studied. After preparing DFATs from mature adipose tissue from rats, DFATs were treated with different doses of BMP9 and/or LIPUS. The effects on osteoblastic differentiation were assessed by changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization/calcium deposition, and expression of bone related genes; Runx2, osterix, osteopontin. No significant differences for ALP activity, mineralization deposition, as well as expression for bone related genes were observed by LIPUS treatment alone while treatment with BMP9 induced osteoblastic differentiation of DFATs in a dose dependent manner. Further, co-treatment with BMP9 and LIPUS significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation of DFATs compared to those treated with BMP9 alone. In addition, upregulation for BMP9-receptor genes was observed by LIPUS treatment. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, significantly inhibited the synergistic effect of BMP9 and LIPUS co-stimulation on osteoblastic differentiation of DFATs. LIPUS promotes BMP9 induced osteoblastic differentiation of DFATs in vitro and prostaglandins may be involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Setoguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sena
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Ambattu LA, Yeo LY. Sonomechanobiology: Vibrational stimulation of cells and its therapeutic implications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:021301. [PMID: 38504927 PMCID: PMC10903386 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
All cells possess an innate ability to respond to a range of mechanical stimuli through their complex internal machinery. This comprises various mechanosensory elements that detect these mechanical cues and diverse cytoskeletal structures that transmit the force to different parts of the cell, where they are transcribed into complex transcriptomic and signaling events that determine their response and fate. In contrast to static (or steady) mechanostimuli primarily involving constant-force loading such as compression, tension, and shear (or forces applied at very low oscillatory frequencies (≤ 1 Hz) that essentially render their effects quasi-static), dynamic mechanostimuli comprising more complex vibrational forms (e.g., time-dependent, i.e., periodic, forcing) at higher frequencies are less well understood in comparison. We review the mechanotransductive processes associated with such acoustic forcing, typically at ultrasonic frequencies (> 20 kHz), and discuss the various applications that arise from the cellular responses that are generated, particularly for regenerative therapeutics, such as exosome biogenesis, stem cell differentiation, and endothelial barrier modulation. Finally, we offer perspectives on the possible existence of a universal mechanism that is common across all forms of acoustically driven mechanostimuli that underscores the central role of the cell membrane as the key effector, and calcium as the dominant second messenger, in the mechanotransduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizebona August Ambattu
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
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6
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Chen Y, Yang H, Wang Z, Zhu R, Cheng L, Cheng Q. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes mesenchymal stem cell transplantation-based articular cartilage regeneration via inhibiting the TNF signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:93. [PMID: 37069673 PMCID: PMC10111837 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation therapy is highly investigated for the regenerative repair of cartilage defects. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has the potential to promote chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the promoting effects and mechanisms underlying LIPUS stimulation on the chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and further evaluated its regenerative application value in articular cartilage defects in rats. METHODS LIPUS was applied to stimulate cultured hUC-MSCs and C28/I2 cells in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining, qPCR analysis, and transcriptome sequencing were used to detect mature cartilage-related markers of gene and protein expression for a comprehensive evaluation of differentiation. Injured articular cartilage rat models were established for further hUC-MSC transplantation and LIPUS stimulation in vivo. Histopathology and H&E staining were used to evaluate the repair effects of the injured articular cartilage with LIPUS stimulation. RESULTS The results showed that LIPUS stimulation with specific parameters effectively promoted the expression of mature cartilage-related genes and proteins, inhibited TNF-α gene expression in hUC-MSCs, and exhibited anti-inflammation in C28/I2 cells. In addition, the articular cartilage defects of rats were significantly repaired after hUC-MSC transplantation and LIPUS stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, LIPUS stimulation could realize articular cartilage regeneration based on hUC-MSC transplantation due to the inhibition of the TNF signaling pathway, which is of clinical value for the relief of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huiyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Zhaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Carr BJ. Regenerative Medicine and Rehabilitation Therapy in the Canine. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:801-827. [PMID: 36997410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is used in the canine to optimize tissue healing and treat osteoarthritis and soft tissue injuries. Rehabilitation therapy is also often implemented in the treatment and management of musculoskeletal conditions in the canine. Initial experimental studies have shown that regenerative medicine and rehabilitation therapy may work safely and synergistically to enhance tissue healing. Although additional study is required to define optional rehabilitation therapy protocols after regenerative medicine therapy in the canine, certain fundamental principles of rehabilitation therapy still apply to patients treated with regenerative medicine.
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Yao X, Wang W, Li Y, Cao Z, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Li X, Liang X, Yu Y, Liu L. Study of the mechanism by which MSCs combined with LITUS treatment improve cognitive dysfunction caused by traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 2022; 787:136825. [PMID: 35933061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) substantially affects the quality of life of patients, and an effective therapy is unavailable. Previous studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and low-intensity transcranial ultrasound (LITUS) are effective treatments for neurological damage, inflammation, edema and cognitive impairment caused by TBI. However, it is unclear whether the combination of the two treatments exerts an additive effect. In this study, a rat TBI model was established using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. Neurological function was assessed by determining the rat modified neurological score (mNSS), and cognitive function was assessed using the Y-maze. Pathological changes in the injured tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blot was performed to detect the expression levels of Nestin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), postsynaptic density protein (PSD-95), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4). Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression levels of GAP-43, PSD-95, BDNF, TNF-α, and AQP-4 mRNA to investigate whether MSCs combined with LITUS exert an additive therapeutic effect of alleviating the cognitive dysfunction caused by TBI and the possible mechanisms involved. Rats exhibited cognitive dysfunction 28 days after TBI, and MSCs combined with LITUS treatment ameliorated the cognitive deficits caused by TBI via increasing Nestin, NSE, GAP-43, PSD-95, and BDNF expression and attenuating the inflammatory response and edema caused by TBI via reducing TNF-α and AQP-4 expression. According to these results, MSCs combined with LITUS is more effective than MSCs alone for the treatment of TBI, and the mechanism may be the promotion of neuronal proliferation and differentiation, and the attenuation of the inflammatory response and edema, which ameliorates the spatial learning memory impairment caused by TBI. MSCs combined with LITUS treatment represents a new approach for the clinical treatment of patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yao
- Graduate School of Chengde Medical University, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, Hebei Province, China; First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Culture Road, Seaport District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, North Jiaomen Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
| | - Yue Li
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Culture Road, Seaport District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Zhendong Cao
- Graduate School of Chengde Medical University, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Culture Road, Seaport District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Avenue, Seaport District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab, Yanshan University, Hebei Avenue, Seaport District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Graduate School of Chengde Medical University, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, Hebei Province, China; First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Culture Road, Seaport District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, North Jiaomen Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Graduate School of Chengde Medical University, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, Hebei Province, China; First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Culture Road, Seaport District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China.
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Majnooni M, Lasaygues P, Long V, Scimeca JC, Momier D, Rico F, Buzhinsky N, Guivier-Curien C, Baron C. Monitoring of in-vitro ultrasonic stimulation of cells by numerical modeling. ULTRASONICS 2022; 124:106714. [PMID: 35344779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound stimulation of living tissues is a promising technique that can be safely applied for regenerative treatments. However, the ultrasound-induced mechanotransduction is still not well understood because of the large number of parameters involved at different scales and their difficult experimental accessibility. In this context, in-vitro studies may help to gain insight into the interaction between ultrasound and cells. Nevertheless, to conduct a reliable analysis of ultrasound effects on cell culture, the monitoring of the acoustic intensity delivered to the cells is of prime interest. Thanks to the development of an innovative custom experimental set-up inspired from ultrasound stimulation of bone regeneration conditions, major disturbing phenomena such as multiple reflections and standing wave formation inside the Petri dish are eliminated. Thus, the level of ultrasound stimulation, especially, in terms of spatial average temporal average intensity (ISATA), delivered to the cells can be monitored. Then, to properly estimate the level of ultrasound stimulation, a finite element model representing the experimental in-vitro configuration is developed. The numerical model manages on capturing the characteristics of the experimentally measured acoustic intensity distribution as illustrated by the experimental and numerical ISATA values of 42.3 and 45.8 mW/cm2 respectively, i.e. a relative difference of 8%. The numerical model would therefore allow exploring data inaccessible to experimental measurement and parametric studies to be carried out and facilitates the investigation of different virtual experimental configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Majnooni
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE UMR 7342, Marseille, France.
| | - P Lasaygues
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - V Long
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA UMR 7031, Marseille, France
| | - J-C Scimeca
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, INSERM U1091, Nice, France
| | - D Momier
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, INSERM U1091, Nice, France
| | - F Rico
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAI UMR 7333, INSERM UMR 1067, Marseille, France
| | - N Buzhinsky
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAI UMR 7333, INSERM UMR 1067, Marseille, France
| | - C Guivier-Curien
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE UMR 7342, Marseille, France
| | - C Baron
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
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Volz M, Wyse-Sookoo KR, Travascio F, Huang CY, Best TM. MECHANOBIOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR STIMULATING CHONDROGENESIS OF STEM CELLS. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:460-487. [PMID: 35615879 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is the process of differentiation of stem cells into mature chondrocytes. Such a process consists of chemical, functional, and structural changes which are initiated and mediated by the host environment of the cells. To date, the mechanobiology of chondrogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Hence, experimental activity is focused on recreating specific environmental conditions for stimulating chondrogenesis, and to look for a mechanistic interpretation of the mechanobiological response of cells in the cartilaginous tissues. There are a large number of studies on the topic that vary considerably in their experimental protocols used for providing environmental cues to cells for differentiation, making generalizable conclusions difficult to ascertain. The main objective of this contribution is to review the mechanobiological stimulation of stem cell chondrogenesis and methodological approaches utilized to date to promote chondrogenesis of stem cells in-vitro. In-vivo models will also be explored, but this area is currently limited. An overview of the experimental approaches used by different research groups may help the development of unified testing methods that could be used to overcome existing knowledge gaps, leading to an accelerated translation of experimental findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Volz
- University of Miami, 5452, Biomedical Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States;
| | | | - Francesco Travascio
- University of Miami, 5452, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1251 Memorial Drive, MEB 217B, Coral Gables, Florida, United States, 33146;
| | - Chun-Yuh Huang
- University of Miami, 5452, Biomedical Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States;
| | - Thomas M Best
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 12235, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States;
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11
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Han JJ, Yang HJ, Hwang SJ. Enhanced Bone Regeneration by Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 after Pretreatment with Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Distraction Osteogenesis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:871-886. [PMID: 35594008 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) have been used to enhance bone healing in distraction osteogenesis (DO). The aim of this study was to assess the synergistic effect of BMP-2 and LIPUS on bone regeneration in DO and to determine the optimal treatment strategy for enhanced bone regeneration. METHODS Rat mesenchymal stromal cells were treated with various application protocols of BMP-2 and LIPUS, and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenesis-related marker expression were evaluated. In vivo experiments were performed in a rabbit DO model according to the application protocols with different timings of BMP-2 and LIPUS application. RESULTS Application of BMP-2 after LIPUS pretreatment (BMP-2 after LIPUS) showed greater cell proliferation than LIPUS treatment alone, and higher ALP activity than all other treatment protocols. BMP-2 after LIPUS also exhibited increased gene expression levels of ALP, Cbfa1, and Osterix compared with LIPUS treatment alone. In vivo experiments revealed no significant differences in bone healing based on the timing of LIPUS treatment in DO. The combination of BMP-2 and LIPUS resulted in increased bone volume and bone mineral density compared with BMP-2 or LIPUS. Regarding the timing of BMP-2 application, the application of BMP-2 after LIPUS pretreatment led to greater bone volume than the application of BMP-2 before LIPUS. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the combined treatment of BMP-2 and LIPUS can lead to enhanced bone healing in DO and that effective bone healing can be achieved through the application of LIPUS before BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Joon Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Joo Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jung Hwang
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Hwang Soon Jung's Dental Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 349, Woonam Building 2, 3F, Gangnam-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06626, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Hua Z, Li S, Liu Q, Yu M, Liao M, Zhang H, Xiang X, Wu Q. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes Osteogenic Potential of iPSC-Derived MSCs but Fails to Simplify the iPSC-EB-MSC Differentiation Process. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:841778. [PMID: 35656194 PMCID: PMC9152674 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.841778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) are a promising cell source for bone tissue engineering. However, iMSCs have less osteogenic potential than BMSCs, and the classical iPSC-EB-iMSC process to derive iMSCs from iPSCs is too laborious as it involves multiple in vitro steps. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a safe therapeutic modality used to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Whether LIPUS can facilitate osteogenic differentiation of iMSCs and simplify the iPSC-EB-iMSC process is unknown. We stimulated iMSCs with LIPUS at different output intensities (20, 40, and 60 mW/cm2) and duty cycles (20, 50, and 80%). Results of ALP activity assay, osteogenic gene expression, and mineralization quantification demonstrated that LIPUS was able to promote osteogenic differentiation of iMSCs, and it worked best at the intensity of 40 mW/cm2 and the duty cycle of 50% (LIPUS40/50). The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved in LIPUS40/50-mediated osteogenesis. When cranial bone defects were implanted with iMSCs, LIPUS40/50 stimulation resulted in a significant higher new bone filling rate (72.63 ± 17.04)% than the non-stimulated ones (34.85 ± 4.53)%. Daily exposure to LIPUS40/50 may accelerate embryoid body (EB)-MSC transition, but it failed to drive iPSCs or EB cells to an osteogenic lineage directly. This study is the first to demonstrate the pro-osteogenic effect of LIPUS on iMSCs. Although LIPUS40/50 failed to simplify the classical iPSC-EB-MSC differentiation process, our preliminary results suggest that LIPUS with a more suitable parameter set may achieve the goal. LIPUS is a promising method to establish an efficient model for iPSC application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingqing Wu
- *Correspondence: Qingqing Wu, ; Xuerong Xiang,
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13
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Abstract
This paper represents the first assessment of agent-induced hormetic dose responses in induced pluripotent stem cells and their derived cells. The hormetic dose responses were induced by a broad range of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals (eg, metformin), dietary supplements/extracts from medicinal plants (eg, curcumin), and endogenous agents (eg, melatonin). The paper assesses the mechanistic foundations of these induced hormetic dose responses, their therapeutic implications and comparison with hormetic responses in multiple adult and embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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14
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Cottrill E, Downey M, Pennington Z, Ehresman J, Schilling A, Downey M, Hersh A, Theodore N, Sciubba DM, Witham T. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy to Promote Spinal Fusion: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Available Data. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:2005-2017. [PMID: 33400315 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research, nonunion continues to affect a nontrivial proportion of patients undergoing spinal fusion. Recently, preclinical studies have suggested that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) may increase rates of spinal fusion. In this study, we summarized the available in vivo literature evaluating the effect of LIPUS on spinal fusion and performed a meta-analysis of the available data to estimate the degree to which LIPUS may mediate higher fusion rates. Across 13 preclinical studies, LIPUS was associated with a 9-fold increase in the odds of successful spinal fusion. Future studies are necessary to establish the benefit of LIPUS on spinal fusion in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Max Downey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zach Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeff Ehresman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Schilling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madison Downey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Razavi M, Rezaee M, Telichko A, Inan H, Dahl J, Demirci U, Thakor AS. The Paracrine Function of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Response to Pulsed Focused Ultrasound. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720965478. [PMID: 33028105 PMCID: PMC7784560 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720965478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from various sources in response to pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS). Human adipose tissue (AD), bone marrow (BM), and umbilical cord (UC) derived MSCs were exposed to pFUS at two intensities: 0.45 W/cm2 ISATA (310 kPa PNP) and 1.3 W/cm2 ISATA (540 kPa PNP). Following pFUS, the viability and proliferation of MSCs were assessed using a hemocytometer and confocal microscopy, and their secreted cytokine profile determined using a multiplex ELISA. Our findings showed that pFUS can stimulate the production of immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic cytokines from MSCs which was dependent on both the source of MSC being studied and the acoustic intensity employed. These important findings set the foundation for additional mechanistic and validation studies using this novel noninvasive and clinically translatable technology for modulating MSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Razavi
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,BiionixTM (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Melika Rezaee
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Arsenii Telichko
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hakan Inan
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Dahl
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 6429Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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16
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de Lucas B, Pérez LM, Bernal A, Gálvez BG. Ultrasound Therapy: Experiences and Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091086. [PMID: 32957737 PMCID: PMC7563547 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound has emerged as a novel tool for clinical applications, particularly in the context of regenerative medicine. Due to its unique physico-mechanical properties, low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) has been approved for accelerated fracture healing and for the treatment of established non-union, but its utility has extended beyond tissue engineering to other fields, including cell regeneration. Cells and tissues respond to acoustic ultrasound by switching on genetic repair circuits, triggering a cascade of molecular signals that promote cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, differentiation, and extracellular matrix production. LIUS also induces angiogenesis and tissue regeneration and has anti-inflammatory and anti-degenerative effects. Accordingly, the potential application of ultrasound for tissue repair/regeneration has been tested in several studies as a stand-alone treatment and, more recently, as an adjunct to cell-based therapies. For example, ultrasound has been proposed to improve stem cell homing to target tissues due to its ability to create a transitional and local gradient of cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we provide an overview of the many applications of ultrasound in clinical medicine, with a focus on its value as an adjunct to cell-based interventions. Finally, we discuss the various preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the potential of ultrasound for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Lucas
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (B.d.L.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Laura M. Pérez
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (B.d.L.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Aurora Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (B.d.L.); (L.M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Lee IC, Fadera S, Liu HL. Strategy of differentiation therapy: effect of dual-frequency ultrasound on the induction of liver cancer stem-like cells on a HA-based multilayer film system. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:5401-5411. [PMID: 31414097 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and normal stem cells share the ability to self-renew and drive tumor formation, recurrence, and distant metastasis and are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. One potential therapeutic approach for targeting CSCs is to induce CSCs to differentiate into normal cancer cells to eliminate self-renewal and enhance drug sensitivity. We developed a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based multilayer film system for selecting CSC-like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell colonies. Herein, we assess the differentiation therapy of HCC CSCs using dual-frequency low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS). HA-based multilayer films of poly (allylamine hydrochloride), (PAH/HA)6, were used to isolate CSC colonies. Colony formation, maintenance, and CSC marker expression were identified. The colony-formation rate was investigated, and putative CSC markers for CD44/CD133 expression after 7 days of culture were upregulated on (PAH/HA)6 multilayer films. Dual-frequency LIUS was used to induce CSC colony differentiation, and the phenotype variation, CSC marker expression, gene expression, drug-resistance ability, and invasion ability of CSC colonies with/without LIUS stimulation were compared. The numbers of colonies and CD44/CD133 double-positive cells and the expression levels of stem cell-related genes and proteins associated with stemness all decreased due to differentiation after LIUS exposure. Furthermore, a significant reduction in CSC drug resistance and invasion ability was observed. These results indicate that dual-frequency LIUS induces CSC differentiation and reduces drug resistance and invasion ability. Differentiation of CSCs provides an alternative therapeutic strategy to reverse CSC stemness and force their loss of self-renewal ability. CSC-targeted therapy holds great promise as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. and Neurosurgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Siaka Fadera
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. and Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Santana-Rodríguez N, Clavo B, Llontop P, Fiuza MD, Calatayud-Gastardi J, López D, López-Fernández D, Aguiar-Santana IA, Ayub A, Alshehri K, Jordi NA, Zubeldia J, Bröering DC. Pulsed Ultrasounds Reduce Pain and Disability, Increasing Rib Fracture Healing, in a Randomized Controlled Trial. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 20:1980-1988. [PMID: 30496510 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rib fractures are an important health issue worldwide, with significant, pain, morbidity, and disability for which only symptomatic treatment exists. OBJECTIVES Based on our previous experimental model, the objective of the current study was to assess for the first time whether pulsed ultrasound (PUS) application could have beneficial effects on humans. METHODS Prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of 51 patients. Four were excluded, and 47 were randomized into the control group (N = 23) or PUS group (N = 24). The control group received a PUS procedure without emission, and the PUS group received 1 Mhz, 0.5 W/cm2 for 1 min/cm2. Pain level, bone callus healing rate, physical and work activity, pain medication intake, and adverse events were blindly evaluated at baseline and one, three, and six months. RESULTS There were no significant differences at baseline between groups. PUS treatment significantly decreased pain by month 1 (P = 0.004), month 3 (P = 0.005), and month 6 (P = 0.025), significantly accelerated callus healing by month 1 (P = 0.013) and month 3 (P < 0.001), accelerated return to physical activity by month 3 (P = 0.036) and work activity (P = 0.001) by month 1, and considerably reduced pain medication intake by month 1 (P = 0.057) and month 3 (P = 0.017). No related adverse events were found in the PUS group. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first evidence that PUS treatment is capable of improving rib fracture outcome, significantly accelerating bone callus healing, and decreasing pain, time off due to both physical activity and convalescence period, and pain medication intake. It is a safe, efficient, and low-cost therapy that may become a new treatment for patients with stable rib fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Santana-Rodríguez
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias IUIBS-BioPharm Group, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Bernardino Clavo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias IUIBS-BioPharm Group, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Experimental Surgery Group, Research Unit, Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Chronic Pain Unit, Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Pedro Llontop
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias IUIBS-BioPharm Group, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit of Hospital Gregorio Marañón and the Health Research Institute of Hospital Gregorio Marañón IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D Fiuza
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias IUIBS-BioPharm Group, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Experimental Surgery Group, Research Unit, Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | | | - Daniel López
- Experimental Surgery Group, Research Unit, Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Daniel López-Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias IUIBS-BioPharm Group, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Experimental Surgery Group, Research Unit, Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ione A Aguiar-Santana
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias IUIBS-BioPharm Group, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Experimental Surgery Group, Research Unit, Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Adil Ayub
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Khalid Alshehri
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagib A Jordi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Upper Extremity Unit, Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - José Zubeldia
- Experimental Surgery Group, Research Unit, Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Dieter C Bröering
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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19
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Rahimi A, Case N. Computational model to evaluate modulation of the acoustic field in an ultrasonic bioreactor by incorporation of a water layer bounded by an acoustic absorbent boundary layer. ULTRASONICS 2020; 103:106086. [PMID: 32070827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic bioreactors have been used for in vitro experimentation to study cellular responses to low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. The presence of an air interface in these bioreactors contributes to variability in the acoustic pressure field, reducing experimental reproducibility. A multiphysics finite element model was developed to simulate the acoustic field in an in-dish ultrasonic bioreactor, where the transducer is immersed in culture medium above the dish surface, and the effects of replacing air below the dish in the bioreactor with a water layer bounded by an acoustic absorbent layer were evaluated. Frequency domain simulations showed that the spatially-averaged pressure at the dish surface alternated between a minimum and maximum level as the distance between the dish and transducer increased. The ratio of the maximum to minimum level was 6.5-fold when the air interface was present, and this ratio dropped to 1.8-fold with replacement of the air interface. However, radial pressure variability was present with or without the air interface in the bioreactor model. Time-dependent simulations showed that the increase in acoustic pressure to a maximum level after US signal activation and the pressure drop after signal cessation were faster when the water-coupled non-reflective layer was used to replace the air layer below the dish, generating a pressure pattern that more closely followed the applied pulsed ultrasound signal due to reduced wave reflection and interference. Overall, this work showed that having water rather than air in contact with the lower dish surface when paired with an acoustic absorbent layer resulted in a less variable pressure field, providing an improved bioreactor design for in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrasol Rahimi
- Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Natasha Case
- Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA.
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20
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Liu DD, Ullah M, Concepcion W, Dahl JJ, Thakor AS. The role of ultrasound in enhancing mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:850-866. [PMID: 32157802 PMCID: PMC7381806 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been a popular platform for cell‐based therapy in regenerative medicine due to their propensity to home to damaged tissue and act as a repository of regenerative molecules that can promote tissue repair and exert immunomodulatory effects. Accordingly, a great deal of research has gone into optimizing MSC homing and increasing their secretion of therapeutic molecules. A variety of methods have been used to these ends, but one emerging technique gaining significant interest is the use of ultrasound. Sound waves exert mechanical pressure on cells, activating mechano‐transduction pathways and altering gene expression. Ultrasound has been applied both to cultured MSCs to modulate self‐renewal and differentiation, and to tissues‐of‐interest to make them a more attractive target for MSC homing. Here, we review the various applications of ultrasound to MSC‐based therapies, including low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound, pulsed focused ultrasound, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy, as well as the use of adjunctive therapies such as microbubbles. At a molecular level, it seems that ultrasound transiently generates a local gradient of cytokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules that facilitate MSC homing. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these methods are far from fully elucidated and may differ depending on the ultrasound parameters. We thus put forth minimal criteria for ultrasound parameter reporting, in order to ensure reproducibility of studies in the field. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms will enhance our ability to optimize this promising therapy to assist MSC‐based approaches in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Liu
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Waldo Concepcion
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jeremy J Dahl
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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21
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Amini A, Chien S, Bayat M. Impact of Ultrasound Therapy on Stem Cell Differentiation - A Systematic Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:462-472. [PMID: 32096749 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200225124934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a systematic review of the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on stem cell differentiation. BACKGROUND DATA Recent studies have investigated several types of stem cells from different sources in the body. These stem cells should strictly be certified and promoted for cell therapies before being used in medical applications. LIPUS has been used extensively in treatment centers and in research to promote stem cell differentiation, function, and proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched for abstracts and full-text scientific papers published from 1989-2019 that reported the application of LIPUS on stem cell differentiation. Related English language articles were found using the following defined keywords: low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, stem cell, differentiation. Criteria for inclusion in the review were: LIPUS with frequencies of 1-3 MHz and pulsed ultrasound intensity of <500 mW/cm2. Duration, exposure time, and cell sources were taken into consideration. RESULTS Fifty-two articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Most articles demonstrated that the application of LIPUS had positive effects on stem cell differentiation. However, some authors recommended that LIPUS combined with other physical therapy aides was more effective in stem cell differentiation. CONCLUSION LIPUS significantly increases the level of stem cell differentiation in cells derived mainly from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. There is a need for further studies to analyze the effect of LIPUS on cells derived from other sources, particularly adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, for treating hard diseases, such as osteoporosis and diabetic foot ulcer. Due to a lack of reporting on standard LIPUS parameters in the field, more experiments comparing the protocols for standardization of LIPUS parameters are needed to establish the best protocol, which would allow for the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sufan Chien
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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22
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He R, Chen J, Jiang J, Liu B, Liang D, Zhou W, Chen W, Wang Y. Synergies of accelerating differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by low intensity pulsed ultrasound, osteogenic and endothelial inductive agent. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:674-684. [PMID: 30835554 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1576704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In terms to investigate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the feasibility of simultaneously inducing into osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells within the cell culture medium in which two inductive agents are added at the same time with or without LIPUS. Cells were divided into a non-induced group, an osteoblast-induced group, a vascular endothelial-induced group, and a bidirectional differentiation-induced group. Each group was further subdivided into LIPUS and non-LIPUS groups. The cell proliferation in each group was measured by MTT assay. Cell morphological and ultrastructural changes were observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The differentiation of BMSCs was detected by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR. Results demonstrated that both osteoblast and vascular endothelial cell differentiation markers were expressed in the bidirectional differentiation induction group and early osteogenesis and angiogenesis appeared. The cell proliferation, differentiation rate and expression of osteocalcin and vWF in the LIPUS groups were all significantly higher than those in the corresponding non-LIPUS group (p < .05), suggesting LIPUS treatment can promote the differentiation efficiency and rate of BMSCs, especially in the bidirectional differentiation induction group. This study suggests the combination of LIPUS and dual-inducing agents could induce and accelerate simultaneous differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells. These findings indicate the method could be applied to research on generating vascularized bone tissue with a shape and function that mimics natural bone to accelerate early osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin He
- a State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-invasive and Noninvasive Medicine , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R.China
| | - Junlin Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-invasive and Noninvasive Medicine , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R.China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-invasive and Noninvasive Medicine , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R.China
| | - Baoru Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-invasive and Noninvasive Medicine , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R.China
| | - Dandan Liang
- a State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-invasive and Noninvasive Medicine , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R.China
| | - Weichen Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-invasive and Noninvasive Medicine , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R.China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-invasive and Noninvasive Medicine , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R.China.,b The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R.China
| | - Yan Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-invasive and Noninvasive Medicine , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , P.R.China
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Xie S, Jiang X, Wang R, Xie S, Hua Y, Zhou S, Yang Y, Zhang J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes the proliferation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells by activating PI3K/AKt signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15823-15833. [PMID: 31090943 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a promising therapy that is widely used in clinical applications and fundamental research. Previous research has shown that LIPUS exposure has a positive effect on stem cell proliferation. However, the impact of LIPUS exposure on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remains unknown. In our study, the effect and mechanism of LIPUS exposure on the proliferation of hBMSCs were investigated, and the optimal parameters of LIPUS were determined. hBMSCs were obtained and identified by flow cytometry, and the proliferation of hBMSCs was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to determine cell cycle and cell count. Expression levels of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKt) pathway proteins and cyclin D1 were determined by western blot analysis. Next, hBMSCs were successfully cultured and identified as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. We found that LIPUS could promote the proliferation of hBMSCs when the exposure time was 5 or 10 minutes per day. Furthermore, 50 or 60 mW/cm2 LIPUS had a more significant effect on cell proliferation, but if cells were irradiated by LIPUS for 20 minutes once a day, an intensity of at least 50 mW/cm2 could markedly inhibit cell growth. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that LIPUS treatment drives cells to enter S and G2/M phases from the G0/G1 phase. LIPUS exposure increased phosphorylation of PI3K/AKt and significantly upregulated expression of cyclin D1. However, these effects were inhibited when cells were treated with PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), which in turn reduced LIPUS-mediated proliferation of hBMSCs. These results suggest that LIPUS exposure may be involved in the proliferation of hBMSCs via activation of the PI3K/AKt signaling pathway and high expression of cyclin D1, and the intensity of 50 or 60 mW/cm2 and exposure time of 5 minutes were determined to be the optimal parameters for LIPUS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xili Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province/Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyong Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Haikou People's Hospital/Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
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Huang X, Das R, Patel A, Nguyen TD. Physical Stimulations for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 4:216-237. [PMID: 30740512 PMCID: PMC6366645 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of techniques and methods are actively invented by clinicians and scientists who are dedicated to the field of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Biological, chemical, and physiological factors, which play key roles in musculoskeletal tissue development, have been extensively explored. However, physical stimulation is increasingly showing extreme importance in the processes of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation and maturation through defined dose parameters including mode, frequency, magnitude, and duration of stimuli. Studies have shown manipulation of physical microenvironment is an indispensable strategy for the repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage, and biophysical cues could profoundly promote their regeneration. In this article, we review recent literature on utilization of physical stimulation, such as mechanical forces (cyclic strain, fluid shear stress, etc.), electrical and magnetic fields, ultrasound, shock waves, substrate stimuli, etc., to promote the repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue. Emphasis is placed on the mechanism of cellular response and the potential clinical usage of these stimulations for bone and cartilage regeneration.
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Ning GZ, Song WY, Xu H, Zhu RS, Wu QL, Wu Y, Zhu SB, Li JQ, Wang M, Qu ZG, Feng SQ. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: Better choice of transplantation treatment for spinal cord injury: Treatment for SCI by LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:496-508. [PMID: 30294904 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation, especially treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), has been considered a promising therapy for the locomotor and neurological recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. However, the clinical benefits of BMSCs transplantation remain limited because of the considerably low viability and inhibitory microenvironment. In our research, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which has been widely applied to clinical applications and fundamental research, was employed to improve the properties of BMSCs. The most suitable intensity of LIPUS stimulation was determined. Furthermore, the optimized BMSCs were transplanted into the epicenter of injured spinal cord in rats, which were randomized into four groups: (a) Sham group (n = 10), rats received laminectomy only and the spinal cord remained intact. (b) Injury group (n = 10), rats with contused spinal cord subjected to the microinjection of PBS solution. (c) BMSCs transplantation group (n = 10), rats with contused spinal cord were injected with BMSCs without any priming. (d) LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation group (n = 10), BMSCs stimulated with LIPUS were injected at the injured epicenter after contusion. Rats were then subjected to behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, and histological observation. It was found that BMSCs stimulated with LIPUS obtained higher cell viability, migration, and neurotrophic factors expression in vitro. The rate of apoptosis remained constant. After transplantation of BMSCs and LIPUS-BMSCs postinjury, locomotor function was significantly improved in LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation group with higher level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the epicenter, and the expression of neurotrophic receptor was also enhanced. Histological observation demonstrated reduced cavity formation in LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation group when comparing with other groups. The results suggested LIPUS can improve BMSCs viability and neurotrophic factors expression in vitro, and transplantation of LIPUS-BMSCs could promote better functional recovery, indicating possible clinical application for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Ye Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Sen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Li Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Bo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Qing Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Qu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Characterization and use of Equine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Equine Cartilage Engineering. Study of their Hyaline Cartilage Forming Potential when Cultured under Hypoxia within a Biomaterial in the Presence of BMP-2 and TGF-ß1. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:611-630. [PMID: 28597211 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage presents a poor capacity for self-repair. Its structure-function are frequently disrupted or damaged upon physical trauma or osteoarthritis in humans. Similar musculoskeletal disorders also affect horses and are the leading cause of poor performance or early retirement of sport- and racehorses. To develop a therapeutic solution for horses, we tested the autologous chondrocyte implantation technique developed on human bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on horse BM-MSCs. This technique involves BM-MSC chondrogenesis using a combinatory approach based on the association of 3D-culture in collagen sponges, under hypoxia in the presence of chondrogenic factors (BMP-2 + TGF-β1) and siRNA to knockdown collagen I and HtrA1. Horse BM-MSCs were characterized before being cultured in chondrogenic conditions to find the best combination to enhance, stabilize, the chondrocyte phenotype. Our results show a very high proliferation of MSCs and these cells satisfy the criteria defining stem cells (pluripotency-surface markers expression). The combination of BMP-2 + TGF-β1 strongly induces the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and prevents HtrA1 expression. siRNAs targeting Col1a1 and Htra1 were functionally validated. Ultimately, the combined use of specific culture conditions defined here with specific growth factors and a Col1a1 siRNAs (50 nM) association leads to the in vitro synthesis of a hyaline-type neocartilage whose chondrocytes present an optimal phenotypic index similar to that of healthy, differentiated chondrocytes. Our results lead the way to setting up pre-clinical trials in horses to better understand the reaction of neocartilage substitute and to carry out a proof-of-concept of this therapeutic strategy on a large animal model.
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Aliabouzar M, Lee SJ, Zhou X, Zhang GL, Sarkar K. Effects of scaffold microstructure and low intensity pulsed ultrasound on chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:495-506. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Aliabouzar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The George Washington University; Washington DC
| | - Se-jun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The George Washington University; Washington DC
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The George Washington University; Washington DC
| | - Grace Lijjie Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The George Washington University; Washington DC
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; The George Washington University; Washington DC
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28
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Teo A, Morshedi A, Wang JC, Zhou Y, Lim M. Enhancement of Cardiomyogenesis in Murine Stem Cells by Low-Intensity Ultrasound. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:1693-1706. [PMID: 28439945 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) has been shown to enhance bone and cartilage regeneration from stem cells. The ease of its incorporation makes it an attractive mechanical stimulus for not only osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, but also cardiomyogenesis. However, to date, no study has investigated its effects on cardiomyogenesis from embryonic stem cells. METHODS In this study, murine embryonic stem cells were differentiated via embryoid body formation and plating, and after 3 days they were subjected to daily 10 minutes of LIUS treatment with various conditions: (1) low-pulsed (21 mW/cm2 , 20% duty cycle), (2) low-continuous, (3) high-pulsed (147 mW/cm2 , 20% duty cycle), and (4) high-continuous LIUS. RESULTS Low-pulsed and high-continuous LIUS had improved beating rates of contractile areas as well as increased late cardiac gene expressions, such as α- and β-myosin heavy chain and cardiac troponin T, showing its benefits on cardiomyocyte differentiation. Meanwhile, an early endodermal marker, α-fetoprotein, was significantly attenuated after LIUS treatments. CONCLUSIONS With these observations, it is demonstrated that LIUS simulation could enhance cardiomyogenesis from embryonic stem cells and increase its selectivity toward cardiomyocytes by reducing spontaneous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Teo
- Schools of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Amir Morshedi
- Schools of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jen-Chieh Wang
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mayasari Lim
- Schools of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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29
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Abstract
Ultrasound is an inaudible form of acoustic sound wave at 20 kHz or above that is widely used in the medical field with applications including medical imaging and therapeutic stimulation. In therapeutic ultrasound, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is the most widely used and studied form that generally uses acoustic waves at an intensity of 30 mW/cm2, with 200 ms pulses and 1.5 MHz. In orthopaedic applications, it is used as a biophysical stimulus for musculoskeletal tissue repair to enhance tissue regeneration. LIPUS has been shown to enhance fracture healing by shortening the time to heal and reestablishment of mechanical properties through enhancing different phases of the healing process, including the inflammatory phase, callus formation, and callus remodelling phase. Reports from in vitro studies reveal insights in the mechanism through which acoustic stimulations activate cell surface integrins that, in turn, activate various mechanical transduction pathways including FAK (focal adhesion kinase), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), PI3K, and Akt. It is then followed by the production of cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 to stimulate further downstream angiogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cytokines, explaining the different enhancements observed in animal and clinical studies. Furthermore, LIPUS has also been shown to have remarkable effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in musculoskeletal injuries and tissue regeneration. The recruitment of MSCs to injury sites by LIPUS requires the SDF-1 (stromal cell derived factor-1)/CXCR-4 signalling axis. MSCs would then differentiate differently, and this is regulated by the presence of different cytokines, which determines their fates. Other musculoskeletal applications including bone–tendon junction healing, and distraction osteogenesis are also explored, and the results are promising. However, the use of LIPUS is controversial in treating osteoporosis, with negative findings in clinical settings, which may be attributable to the absence of an injury entry point for the acoustic signal to propagate, strong attenuation effect of cortical bone and the insufficient intensity for penetration, whereas in some animal studies it has proven effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Astronaut Center of China (CUHK-ACC) Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwok-Sui Leung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Astronaut Center of China (CUHK-ACC) Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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Yamaguchi S, Aoyama T, Ito A, Nagai M, Iijima H, Tajino J, Zhang X, Wataru K, Kuroki H. Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound after Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Injection to Treat Osteochondral Defects: An In Vivo Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:2903-2913. [PMID: 27600474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment combined with mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) injection for cartilage repair and subchondral bone reconstitution for treatment of osteochondral defects. An osteochondral defect was created on both femur grooves of Wistar rats. Four weeks later, bone marrow MSCs were injected into the right knee joint. The rats were divided into two intervention groups: without or with LIPUS irradiation. Cartilage repair was evaluated histologically based on the Wakitani cartilage repair score. Subchondral bone reconstitution was evaluated as bone volume (BV)/tissue volume (TV) by micro-computed tomography analysis. MSC injection improved the cartilage repair score, and LIPUS irradiation improved BV/TV. Combination treatment promoted both cartilage repair and BV/TV improvement. Thus, MSC injection combined with LIPUS irradiation is more effective than either treatment alone in promoting concurrent cartilage repair and subchondral reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoki Yamaguchi
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Nagai
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iijima
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Tajino
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyan Wataru
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Lee ES, Kim SHL, Lee H, Hwang NS. Non-viral approaches for direct conversion into mesenchymal cell types: Potential application in tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 104:686-97. [PMID: 26729213 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acquiring adequate number of cells is one of the crucial factors to apply tissue engineering strategies in order to recover critical-sized defects. While the reprogramming technology used for inducing pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opened up a direct path for generating pluripotent stem cells, a direct conversion strategy may provide another possibility to obtain desired cells for tissue engineering. In order to convert a somatic cell into any other cell type, diverse approaches have been investigated. Conspicuously, in contrast to traditional viral transduction method, non-viral delivery of conversion factors has the merit of lowering immune responses and provides safer genetic manipulation, thus revolutionizing the generation of directly converted cells and its application in therapeutics. In addition, applying various microenvironmental modulations have potential to ameliorate the conversion of somatic cells into different lineages. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in direct conversion technologies, specifically focusing on generating mesenchymal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwajin Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Padilla F, Puts R, Vico L, Guignandon A, Raum K. Stimulation of Bone Repair with Ultrasound. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 880:385-427. [PMID: 26486349 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the different options available for the use of ultrasound in the enhancement of fracture healing or in the reactivation of a failed healing process: LIPUS, shock waves and ultrasound-mediated delivery of bioactive molecules, such as growth factors or plasmids. The main emphasis is on LIPUS, or Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound, the most widespread and studied technique. LIPUS has pronounced bioeffects on tissue regeneration, while employing intensities within a diagnostic range. The biological response to LIPUS is complex as the response of numerous cell types to this stimulus involves several pathways. Known to-date mechanotransduction pathways involved in cell responses include MAPK and other kinases signaling pathways, gap-junctional intercellular communication, up-regulation and clustering of integrins, involvement of the COX-2/PGE2 and iNOS/NO pathways, and activation of the ATI mechanoreceptor. Mechanisms at the origin of LIPUS biological effects remain intriguing, and analysis is hampered by the diversity of experimental systems used in-vitro. Data point to clear evidence that bioeffects can be modulated by direct and indirect mechanical effects, like acoustic radiation force, acoustic streaming, propagation of surface waves, heat, fluid-flow induced circulation and redistribution of nutrients, oxygen and signaling molecules. One of the future engineering challenge is therefore the design of dedicated experimental set-ups allowing control of these different mechanical phenomena, and to relate them to biological responses. Then, the derivation of an 'acoustic dose' and the cross-calibration of the different experimental systems will be possible. Despite this imperfect knowledge of LIPUS biophysics, the clinical evidence, although most often of low quality, speaks in favor of the clinical use of LIPUS, when the economics of nonunion and the absence of toxicity of this ultrasound technology are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Puts
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrerstr. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurence Vico
- Inserm U1059 Lab Biologie intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Saint-Etienne, St-Etienne, 42023, France
| | - Alain Guignandon
- Inserm U1059 Lab Biologie intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Saint-Etienne, St-Etienne, 42023, France
| | - Kay Raum
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrerstr. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Povlsen SD, Povlsen B. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment as an alternative to vascular bone graft surgery for a 5-year-long ulnar non-union in a patient with haemochromatosis. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-211950. [PMID: 26531737 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-211950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 75-year-old woman with haemochromatosis who developed a 5-year-long right ulnar non-union after a shortening osteotomy to correct a malunited Colles' fracture. Standard surgical treatment for ulnar non-unions was attempted on 19 March 2008 and again on 20 April 2009, but the non-union persisted on 8 May 2012, as confirmed by CT scan. Vascular bone grafting and refixation was then considered, but the patient declined this extensive operation, instead choosing to try non-invasive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment with an Exogen device. Just 4 months later, complete union as confirmed by CT scan was achieved. This is the first case demonstrating the efficacy of ultrasound treatment for long-standing non-unions resistant to surgery in patients with haemochromatosis, a disorder where iron deposition can provide suboptimal circumstances for bone healing. Our finding suggests that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound devices could be used as a first-line treatment for stable non-unions instead of revision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Povlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, London Hand Clinic, London, UK
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Wang J, Tang N, Xiao Q, Zhao L, Li Y, Li J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Tan L. The Potential Application of Pulsed Ultrasound on Bone Defect Repair via Developmental Engineering: An In Vitro Study. Artif Organs 2015; 40:505-13. [PMID: 26526417 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Repairing bone defect by recapitulation of endochondral bone formation, known as developmental engineering, has been a promising approach in bone tissue engineering. The critical issue in this area is how to effectively construct the hypertrophic cartilaginous template in vitro and enhance in vivo endochondral ossification process after implantation. Pulsed ultrasound stimulation has been widely used in the clinic for accelerating bone healing in fractures and nonunions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ultrasound (US) could accelerate in vitro chondrogenesis and the hypertrophic process in certain microenvironments. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were chondrogenic or hypertrophic differentiated in a three-dimensional pellet culture system with different media, and treated with different intensities of US. US exposure promoted chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells and inhibited their transition into the hypertrophic stage in a chondrogenic-friendly microenvironment. US significantly advanced hypertrophic differentiation of bone marrow stem cell pellets in hypertrophic medium after chondrogenesis. Our data indicated that pulsed US promoted in vitro chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation of stem cell pellets in specific culture conditions. The present study proves the potential application of US in the in vitro stage of "developmental engineering" for bone development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Tang
- WestChina School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jung YJ, Kim R, Ham HJ, Park SI, Lee MY, Kim J, Hwang J, Park MS, Yoo SS, Maeng LS, Chang W, Chung YA. Focused low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances bone regeneration in rat calvarial bone defect through enhancement of cell proliferation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:999-1007. [PMID: 25701528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have reported the therapeutic potential of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for induction of bone repair. This study investigated whether bone regeneration might be enhanced by application of focused LIPUS to selectively stimulate fractured calvarial bone. To accomplish this, bone defects were surgically created in the middle of the skull of rats that were subsequently exposed to focused LIPUS. Bone regeneration was assessed by repeated computed tomography imaging after the operation, as well as histologic analysis with calcein, hematoxylin and eosin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen assay. At 6 wk after surgery, bone formation in the focused LIPUS-treated group improved significantly relative to the control. Interestingly, new bone tissue sprouted from focused LIPUS target points. Histologic analysis after exposure to focused LIPUS revealed that proliferating cells were significantly increased relative to the control. Taken together, these results suggest that focused LIPUS can improve re-ossification through enhancement of cell proliferation in calvarial defect sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Jung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Ham
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang In Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Seo Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Guha Thakurta S, Budhiraja G, Subramanian A. Growth factor and ultrasound-assisted bioreactor synergism for human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731414566529. [PMID: 25610590 PMCID: PMC4300305 DOI: 10.1177/2041731414566529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound at 5.0 MHz was noted to be chondro-inductive, with improved SOX-9 gene and COL2A1 protein expression in constructs that allowed for cell-to-cell contact. To achieve tissue-engineered cartilage using macroporous scaffolds, it is hypothesized that a combination of ultrasound at 5.0 MHz and transforming growth factor-β3 induces human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to chondrocytes. Expression of miR-145 was used as a metric to qualitatively assess the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cell conversion. Our results suggest that in group 1 (no transforming growth factor-β3, no ultrasound), as anticipated, human mesenchymal stem cells were not efficiently differentiated into chondrocytes, judging by the lack of decrease in the level of miR-145 expression. Human mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into chondrocytes in group 2 (transforming growth factor-β3, no ultrasound) and group 3 (transforming growth factor-β3, ultrasound) with group 3 having a 2-fold lower miR-145 when compared to group 2 at day 7, indicating a higher conversion to chondrocytes. Transforming growth factor-β3-induced chondrogenesis with and without ultrasound stimulation for 14 days in the ultrasound-assisted bioreactor was compared and followed by additional culture in the absence of growth factors. The combination of growth factor and ultrasound stimulation (group 3) resulted in enhanced COL2A1, SOX-9, and ACAN protein expression when compared to growth factor alone (group 2). No COL10A1 protein expression was noted. Enhanced cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan deposition was noted with the combination of growth factor and ultrasound stimulation. These results suggest that ultrasound at 5.0 MHz could be used to induce chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaurav Budhiraja
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Wei FY, Leung KS, Li G, Qin J, Chow SKH, Huang S, Sun MH, Qin L, Cheung WH. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound enhanced mesenchymal stem cell recruitment through stromal derived factor-1 signaling in fracture healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106722. [PMID: 25181476 PMCID: PMC4152330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been proven effective in promoting fracture healing but the underlying mechanisms are not fully depicted. We examined the effect of LIPUS on the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the pivotal role of stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1/CXCR4) pathway in response to LIPUS stimulation, which are essential factors in bone fracture healing. For in vitro study, isolated rat MSCs were divided into control or LIPUS group. LIPUS treatment was given 20 minutes/day at 37 °C for 3 days. Control group received sham LIPUS treatment. After treatment, intracellular CXCR4 mRNA, SDF-1 mRNA and secreted SDF-1 protein levels were quantified, and MSCs migration was evaluated with or without blocking SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway by AMD3100. For in vivo study, fractured 8-week-old young rats received intracardiac administration of MSCs were assigned to LIPUS treatment, LIPUS+AMD3100 treatment or vehicle control group. The migration of transplanted MSC to the fracture site was investigated by ex vivo fluorescent imaging. SDF-1 protein levels at fracture site and in serum were examined. Fracture healing parameters, including callus morphology, micro-architecture of the callus and biomechanical properties of the healing bone were investigated. The in vitro results showed that LIPUS upregulated SDF-1 and CXCR4 expressions in MSCs, and elevated SDF-1 protein level in the conditioned medium. MSCs migration was promoted by LIPUS and partially inhibited by AMD3100. In vivo study demonstrated that LIPUS promoted MSCs migration to the fracture site, which was associated with an increase of local and serum SDF-1 level, the changes in callus formation, and the improvement of callus microarchitecture and mechanical properties; whereas the blockade of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling attenuated the LIPUS effects on the fractured bones. These results suggested SDF-1 mediated MSCs migration might be one of the crucial mechanisms through which LIPUS exerted influence on fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Sui Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianghui Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Translational Medicine Research & Development Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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38
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Lee IC, Lo TL, Young TH, Li YC, Chen NG, Chen CH, Chang YC. Differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells using low-intensity ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:2195-2206. [PMID: 25023110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the evaluation of apoptosis, cell differentiation, neurite outgrowth and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in response to low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) exposure. NSPCs were cultured under different conditions, with and without LIUS exposure, to evaluate the single and complex effects of LIUS. A lactic dehydrogenase assay revealed that the cell viability of NSPCs was maintained with LIUS exposure at an intensity range from 100 to 500 mW/cm(2). Additionally, in comparison with no LIUS exposure, the cell survival rate was improved with the combination of medium supplemented with nerve growth factor and LIUS exposure. Our results indicate that LIUS exposure promoted NSPC attachment and differentiation on a glass substrate. Neurite outgrowth assays revealed the generation of longer, thicker neurites after LIUS exposure. Furthermore, LIUS stimulation substantially increased the percentage of differentiating neural cells in NSPCs treated with nerve growth factor in comparison with the unstimulated group. The high percentage of differentiated neural cells indicated that LIUS induced neuronal networks denser than those observed in the unstimulated groups. Furthermore, the release of nitric oxide, an important small-molecule neurotransmitter, was significantly upregulated after LIUS exposure. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that LIUS promotes the differentiation of NSPCs into neural cells, induces neurite outgrowth and regulates nitric oxide production; thus, LIUS may be a potential candidate for NSPC induction and neural cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Tao-yuan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tsu-Lin Lo
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Tao-yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nelson G Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Ying-Chih Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Padilla F, Puts R, Vico L, Raum K. Stimulation of bone repair with ultrasound: a review of the possible mechanic effects. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:1125-45. [PMID: 24507669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the positive role that ultrasound can play in the enhancement of fracture healing or in the reactivation of a failed healing process. We review the several options available for the use of ultrasound in this context, either to induce a direct physical effect (LIPUS, shock waves), to deliver bioactive molecules such as growth factors, or to transfect cells with osteogenic plasmids; with a main focus on LIPUS (or Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound) as it is the most widespread and studied technique. The biological response to LIPUS is complex as numerous cell types respond to this stimulus involving several pathways. Known to-date mechanotransduction pathways involved in cell responses include MAPK and other kinases signaling pathways, gap-junctional intercellular communication, up-regulation and clustering of integrins, involvement of the COX-2/PGE2, iNOS/NO pathways and activation of ATI mechanoreceptor. The mechanisms by which ultrasound can trigger these effects remain intriguing. Possible mechanisms include direct and indirect mechanical effects like acoustic radiation force, acoustic streaming, and propagation of surface waves, fluid-flow induced circulation and redistribution of nutrients, oxygen and signaling molecules. Effects caused by the transformation of acoustic wave energy into heat can usually be neglected, but heating of the transducer may have a potential impact on the stimulation in some in-vitro systems, depending on the coupling conditions. Cavitation cannot occur at the pressure levels delivered by LIPUS. In-vitro studies, although not appropriate to identify the overall biological effects, are of great interest to study specific mechanisms of action. The diversity of current experimental set-ups however renders this analysis very complex, as phenomena such as transducer heating, inhomogeneities of the sound intensity in the near field, resonances in the transmission and reflection through the culture dish walls and the formation of standing waves will greatly affect the local type and amplitude of the stimulus exerted on the cells. A future engineering challenge is therefore the design of dedicated experimental set-ups, in which the different mechanical phenomena induced by ultrasound can be controlled. This is a prerequisite to evaluate the biological effects of the different phenomena with respect to particular parameters, like intensity, frequency, or duty cycle. By relating the variations of these parameters to the induced physical effects and to the biological responses, it will become possible to derive an 'acoustic dose' and propose a quantification and cross-calibration of the different experimental systems. Improvements in bone healing management will probably also come from a combination of ultrasound with a 'biologic' components, e.g. growth factors, scaffolds, gene therapies, or drug delivery vehicles, the effects of which being potentiated by the ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Padilla
- Inserm, U1032, LabTau, Lyon F-69003, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France.
| | - Regina Puts
- Julius Wolff Institut & Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurence Vico
- Inserm U1059 Lab Biologie intégrée du Tissu Osseux, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Kay Raum
- Julius Wolff Institut & Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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40
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Jang KW, Ding L, Seol D, Lim TH, Buckwalter JA, Martin JA. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes chondrogenic progenitor cell migration via focal adhesion kinase pathway. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1177-86. [PMID: 24612644 PMCID: PMC4034572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been studied frequently for its beneficial effects on the repair of injured articular cartilage. We hypothesized that these effects are due to stimulation of chondrogenic progenitor cell (CPC) migration toward injured areas of cartilage through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. CPC chemotaxis in bluntly injured osteochondral explants was examined by confocal microscopy, and migratory activity of cultured CPCs was measured in transwell and monolayer scratch assays. FAK activation by LIPUS was analyzed in cultured CPCs by Western blot. LIPUS effects were compared with the effects of two known chemotactic factors: N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein. LIPUS significantly enhanced CPC migration on explants and in cell culture assays. Phosphorylation of FAK at the kinase domain (Tyr 576/577) was maximized by 5 min of exposure to LIPUS at a dose of 27.5 mW/cm(2) and frequency of 3.5 MHz. Treatment with fMLF, but not HMBG1, enhanced FAK activation to a degree similar to that of LIPUS, but neither fMLF nor HMGB1 enhanced the LIPUS effect. LIPUS-induced CPC migration was blocked by suppressing FAK phosphorylation with a Src family kinase inhibitor that blocks FAK phosphorylation. Our results imply that LIPUS might be used to promote cartilage healing by inducing the migration of CPCs to injured sites, which could delay or prevent the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee W Jang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dongrim Seol
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tae-Hong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joseph A Buckwalter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James A Martin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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41
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Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on cell viability, proliferation and neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neural crest stem cells. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 35:2201-12. [PMID: 24078117 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) acting on induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neural crest stem cells (iPSCs-NCSCs) is considered a promising therapy to improve the efficacy of injured peripheral nerve regeneration. Effects of LIPUS on cell viability, proliferation and neural differentiation of iPSCs-NCSCs were examined respectively in this study. LIPUS at 500 mW cm(-2) enhanced the viability and proliferation of iPSCs-NCSCs after 2 days and, after 4 days, up-regulated gene and protein expressions of NF-M, Tuj1, S100β and GFAP in iPSCs-NCSCs whereas after 7 days expression of only NF-M, S100β and GFAP were up-regulated. LIPUS treatment at an appropriate intensity can, therefore, be an efficient and cost-effective method to enhance cell viability, proliferation and neural differentiation of iPSCs-NCSCs in vitro for peripheral nerve tissue engineering.
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42
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Hu B, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Li J, Deng F, Wang Z, Song J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation facilitates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95168. [PMID: 24743551 PMCID: PMC3990585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) possess stem cell properties, which play a key role in periodontal regeneration. Physical stimulation at appropriate intensities such as low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) enhances cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesechymal stem cells. However, the impacts of LIPUS on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs in vitro and its molecular mechanism are unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of LIPUS on osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. HPDLCs were isolated from premolars of adolescents for orthodontic reasons, and exposed to LIPUS at different intensities to determine an optimal LIPUS treatment dosage. Dynamic changes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the cultured cells and supernatants, and osteocalcin production in the supernatants after treatment were analyzed. Runx2 and integrin β1 mRNA levels were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis after LIPUS stimulation. Blocking antibody against integrinβ1 was used to assess the effects of integrinβ1 inhibitor on LIPUS-induced ALP activity, osteocalcin production as well as calcium deposition. Our data showed that LIPUS at the intensity of 90 mW/cm2 with 20 min/day was more effective. The ALP activities in lysates and supernatants of LIPUS-treated cells started to increase at days 3 and 7, respectively, and peaked at day 11. LIPUS treatment significantly augmented the production of osteocalcin after day 5. LIPUS caused a significant increase in the mRNA expression of Runx2 and integrin β1, while a significant decline when the integrinβ1 inhibitor was used. Moreover, ALP activity, osteocalcin production as well as calcium nodules of cells treated with both daily LIPUS stimulation and integrinβ1 antibody were less than those in the LIPUS-treated group. In conclusion, LIPUS promotes osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs, which is associated with upregulation of Runx2 and integrin β1, which may thus provide therapeutic benefits in periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jie Zhou
- Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Deng
- Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhibiao Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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43
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Imai Y, Hasegawa T, Takeda D, Akashi M, Lee S, Niikura T, Shibuya Y, Kurosaka M, Komori T. The osteogenic activity of human mandibular fracture haematoma-derived cells is stimulated by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in vitro. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43:367-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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44
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Cashion AT, Caballero M, Halevi A, Pappa A, Dennis RG, van Aalst JA. Programmable mechanobioreactor for exploration of the effects of periodic vibratory stimulus on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:19-28. [PMID: 24570842 PMCID: PMC3931438 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2013.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A programmable bioreactor using a voice-coil actuator was developed to enable research on the effects of periodic vibratory stimulus on human and porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We hypothesized that low frequency vibrations would result in a cartilage phenotype and higher frequency vibrations would result in a bone phenotype. The mechanical stimulation protocol is adjusted from a computer external to the incubator via a USB cable. Once programmed, the embedded microprocessor and sensor system on the bioreactor execute the protocol independent of the computer. In each test, a sinusoidal stimulus was applied to a culture plate in 1-min intervals with a 15-min rest following each, for a total of 15 h per day for 10 days. Frequencies of 1 and 100 Hz were applied to cultures of both human and porcine umbilical cord–derived MSCs. Chondrogenesis was determined by Alcian blue staining for glycosaminoglycans and an increased differentiation index (ratio of mRNA for collagen II and collagen I). Osteogenic differentiation was indicated with Alizarin red for calcium staining and increased bone morphogenetic protein 2 mRNA. One-hertz stimulation resulted in a cartilage phenotype for both human and porcine MSCs, while 100-Hz stimulation resulted in a bone phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery T Cashion
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Montserrat Caballero
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexandra Halevi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrew Pappa
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert G Dennis
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John A van Aalst
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Bornes TD, Adesida AB, Jomha NM. Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of traumatic articular cartilage defects: a comprehensive review. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:432. [PMID: 25606595 PMCID: PMC4289291 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage has a limited capacity to repair following injury. Early intervention is required to prevent progression of focal traumatic chondral and osteochondral defects to advanced cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis. Novel cell-based tissue engineering techniques have been proposed with the goal of resurfacing defects with bioengineered tissue that recapitulates the properties of hyaline cartilage and integrates into native tissue. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising strategy given the high proliferative capacity of MSCs and their potential to differentiate into cartilage-producing cells - chondrocytes. MSCs are historically harvested through bone marrow aspiration, which does not require invasive surgical intervention or cartilage extraction from other sites as required by other cell-based strategies. Biomaterial matrices are commonly used in conjunction with MSCs to aid cell delivery and support chondrogenic differentiation, functional extracellular matrix formation and three-dimensional tissue development. A number of specific transplantation protocols have successfully resurfaced articular cartilage in animals and humans to date. In the clinical literature, MSC-seeded scaffolds have filled a majority of defects with integrated hyaline-like cartilage repair tissue based on arthroscopic, histologic and imaging assessment. Positive functional outcomes have been reported at 12 to 48 months post-implantation, but future work is required to assess long-term outcomes with respect to other treatment modalities. Despite relatively positive outcomes, further investigation is required to establish a consensus on techniques for treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects with respect to cell source, isolation and expansion, implantation density, in vitro precultivation, and scaffold composition. This will allow for further optimization of MSC proliferation, chondrogenic differentiation, bioengineered cartilage integration, and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D Bornes
- />Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
- />Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7 Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- />Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
- />Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7 Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- />Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
- />Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7 Canada
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Lee JK, Responte DJ, Cissell DD, Hu JC, Nolta JA, Athanasiou KA. Clinical translation of stem cells: insight for cartilage therapies. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:89-100. [PMID: 24083452 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.823596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of articular cartilage and deficiencies of current treatments have motivated the investigation of new repair technologies. In vitro cartilage generation using primary cell sources is limited by cell availability and expansion potential. Pluripotent stem cells possess the capacity for chondrocytic differentiation and extended expansion, providing a potential future solution to cell-based cartilage regeneration. However, despite successes in producing cartilage using adult and embryonic stem cells, the translation of these technologies to the clinic has been severely limited. This review discusses recent advances in stem cell-based cartilage tissue engineering and the major current limitations to clinical translation of these products. Concerns regarding appropriate animal models and studies, stem cell manufacturing, and relevant regulatory processes and guidelines will be addressed. Understanding the significant hurdles limiting the clinical use of stem cell-based cartilage may guide future developments in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, CA , USA
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Enhancement of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation in human mesenchymal stem cells by a modified low intensity ultrasound stimulation under simulated microgravity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73914. [PMID: 24069248 PMCID: PMC3772078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells can differentiate into multiple lineages depending on their exposure to differing biochemical and biomechanical inductive factors. Lack of mechanical signals due to disuse can inhibit osteogenesis and induce adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Long-term bed rest due to both brain/spinal cord injury and space travel can lead to disuse osteoporosis that is in part caused by a reduced number of osteoblasts. Thus, it is essential to provide proper mechanical stimulation for cellular viability and osteogenesis, particularly under disuse conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived human stem cells (Ad-hMSC) in simulated microgravity conditions. Cells were cultured in a 1D clinostat to simulate microgravity (SMG) and treated with LIPUS at 30mW/cm2 for 20 min/day. It was hypothesized that the application of LIPUS to SMG cultures would restore osteogenesis in Ad-hMSCs. The results showed significant increases in ALP, OSX, RANKL, RUNX2, and decreases in OPG in LIPUS treated SMG cultures of Ad-MSC compared to non-treated cultures. LIPUS also restored OSX, RUNX2 and RANKL expression in osteoblast cells. SMG significantly reduced ALP positive cells by 70% (p<0.01) and ALP activity by 22% (p<0.01), while LIPUS treatment restored ALP positive cell number and activity to equivalence with normal gravity controls. Extracellular matrix collagen and mineralization was assessed by Sirius red and Alizarin red staining, respectively. SMG cultures showed little or no collagen or mineralization, but LIPUS treatment restored collagen content to 50% (p<0.001) and mineralization by 45% (p<0.001) in LIPUS treated-SMG cultures relative to SMG-only cultures. The data suggest that LIPUS treatment can restore normal osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from disuse by daily short duration stimulation.
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Osteogenic effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on rat adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:75-81. [PMID: 22282249 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-0013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The osteogenic in vitro effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on SD rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was investigated. Rat ADSCs underwent LIPUS (intensity=100 mW/cm(2)) or sham exposure for 8 min per treatment once everyday in vitro, and then the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation were assessed to evaluate the osteogenic effect of LIPUS on ADSCs. To further explore the underlying mechanism, the osteogenic-related gene mRNA expression was determined by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day after exposure repectively. Westen blot was used to evaluate the protein expression levels of two osteogenic differentiation associated genes at 7th and 14th day repectively. It was found that ALP activity was increased after LIPUS exposure and LIPUS resulted in mineralized nodule formation of ADSCs in vitro. LIPUS-treated ADSCs displayed higher mRNA expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), ALP and bone sialoprotein (BSP) genes than controls, and the protein levels of Runx2 and BSP were also increased. The results suggested that LIPUS may induce the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro.
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Lai CH, Chuang CC, Li JKJ, Chen SC, Chang WHS. Effects of ultrasound on osteotomy healing in a rabbit fracture model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:1635-1643. [PMID: 21821345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of ultrasound (US) at different frequencies on fracture healing over a three-week period in a rabbit fibular fracture model. Forty-five adult New Zealand White rabbits were divided into five groups: a control group and four groups treated with US frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 MHz (0.5 W/cm(2), 200-μs burst, pulsed 1:4). After anesthesia, transverse osteotomy was performed on the fibula bone. This was followed by intravital staining and fluorescence microscopic examination of new bone formation and biomechanical tests of torsional stiffness at the osteotomy site. Results showed that total new bone formation and torsional stiffness of the fibula were greater in all US-treated groups than in the control group. No significant difference was found between any of the four US-treated groups. The US treatment also enhanced bone growth of the sham-treated contralateral fracture site. These results suggest that US treatment at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 MHz can enhance fracture healing in a rabbit model. Furthermore, the effects of US on fracture healing at present parameters might not be confined locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Lai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Delaine-Smith RM, Reilly GC. The effects of mechanical loading on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and matrix production. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2011; 87:417-80. [PMID: 22127254 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386015-6.00039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells or stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to be used therapeutically in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to replace or restore the function of damaged tissues. Therefore, considerable effort has been ongoing in the research community to optimize culture conditions for predifferentiation of MSCs. All mesenchymal tissues are subjected to mechanical forces in vivo and all fully differentiated mesenchymal lineage cells respond to mechanical stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, it is not surprising that MSCs are highly mechanosensitive. We present a summary of current methods of mechanical stimulation of MSCs and an overview of the outcomes of the different mechanical culture techniques tested. Tissue engineers and stem cell researchers should be able to harness this mechanosensitivity to modulate MSC differentiation and matrix production; however, more research needs to be undertaken to understand the complex interactions between the mechanosensitive and biochemically stimulated differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Delaine-Smith
- The Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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