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Abbaszadeh R, Mohammad Shetab Boushehri S. Improving water productivity in the hydroponics with a plasma-nanobubble hybrid technology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32578. [PMID: 38912454 PMCID: PMC11193002 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Among new technologies aimed at improving water productivity, nanotechnology have been identified as effective means of enhancing the properties of agricultural water. Building on the synergy of plasma and nanobubbles, this study explored the combination of plasma electric discharge and nanocavitation as a novel approach for soilless cultivation. The study aimed to investigate the impact of this hybrid technology on hydroponics nutrient solution. Additionally, the study further aimed to assess the effect of both technologies individually, as well as various application periods, including 3, 9, and 15 min for hybrid technology use. The study employed the nutrient flow technique to hydroponically cultivate lettuce. The findings showed that the application of each technology individually did not significantly increase yield. However, the hybrid technology treatment for 9 min resulted in a significant yield increase of almost 60 %. This improvement can be attributed to the stability, solubility, and absorption of products resulting from plasma treatment, as well as the antimicrobial and anti-algae effects of both technologies. Additionally, an increase in flavonoid and potassium content and a decrease in iron were observed in plants grown under optimal treatment. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential for synergy between plasma and nanobubble techniques in hydroponic culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouzbeh Abbaszadeh
- Agriculture Research Institute, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), 3313193685, Iran
| | - S. Mohammad Shetab Boushehri
- Agriculture Research Institute, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), 3313193685, Iran
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Abdelrahman AM, Tebyani S, Talabazar FR, Tabar SA, Berenji NR, Aghdam AS, Koyuncu I, Kosar A, Guven H, Ersahin ME, Ghorbani M, Ozgun H. The flow pattern effects of hydrodynamic cavitation on waste activated sludge digestibility. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:141949. [PMID: 38636918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The disintegration of raw sludge is of importance for enhancing biogas production and facilitates the degradation of substrates for microorganisms so that the efficiency of digestion can be increased. In this study, the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) as a pretreatment approach for waste activated sludge (WAS) was investigated at two upstream pressures (0.83 and 1.72 MPa) by using a milli-scale apparatus which makes sludge pass through an orifice with a restriction at the cross section of the flow. The HC probe made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material was tested using potassium iodide solution and it was made sure that cavitation occurred at the selected pressures. The analysis on chemical effects of HC bubbles collapse suggested that not only cavitation occurred at low upstream pressure, i.e., 0.83 MPa, but it also had high intensity at this pressure. The pretreatment results of HC implementation on WAS were also in agreement with the chemical characterization of HC collapse. Release of soluble organics and ammonium was observed in the treated samples, which proved the efficiency of the HC pretreatment. The methane production was improved during the digestion of the treated samples compared to the control one. The digestion of treated WAS sample at lower upstream pressure (0.83 MPa) resulted in higher methane production (128.4 mL CH4/g VS) compared to the treated sample at higher upstream pressure (119.1 mL CH4/g VS) and control sample (98.3 mL CH4/g VS). Thus, these results showed that the HC pretreatment for WAS led to a significant increase in methane production (up to 30.6%), which reveals the potential of HC in full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Mustafa Abdelrahman
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seyedreza Tebyani
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farzad Rokhsar Talabazar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saba Aghdam Tabar
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nastaran Rahimzadeh Berenji
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Araz Sheibani Aghdam
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Kosar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Guven
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Morteza Ghorbani
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University, College Cl, Wheatley, Oxford, OX33 1HX, UK.
| | - Hale Ozgun
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jadhav SP, Ayare SD, Gogate PR. Intensified degradation of tartrazine dye present in effluent using ultrasound combined with ultraviolet irradiation and oxidants. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:431. [PMID: 38580863 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Effluent containing tartrazine can affect the environment and human health significantly prompting the current study into degradation using a sonochemical reactor operated individually and combined with advanced oxidation processes. The optimum conditions for ultrasound treatment were established as dye concentration of 10 ppm, pH of 3, temperature as 35 °C, and power as 90 W. The combination approach of H2O2/UV, H2O2/US, and H2O2/UV/US resulted in higher degradation of 25.44%, 57.4%, and 74.36% respectively. Use of ZnO/UV/US approach increased the degradation significantly to 85.31% whereas maximum degradation as 93.11% was obtained for the US/UV/Fenton combination. COD reduction was found maximum as 83.78% for the US/UV/Fenton combination. The kinetic analysis showed that tartrazine dye degradation follows pseudo first-order kinetics for all the studied processes. Combination of Fenton with UV and US was elucidated as the best approach for degradation of tartrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali P Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel, Khed, Maharashtra, 415708, India
| | - Sudesh D Ayare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel, Khed, Maharashtra, 415708, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400 019, India.
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Verdini F, Canova E, Solarino R, Calcio Gaudino E, Cravotto G. Integrated physicochemical processes to tackle high-COD wastewater from pharmaceutical industry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123041. [PMID: 38042465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater decontamination in pharmaceuticals is crucial to prevent environmental and health risks from API residues and other contaminants. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) combined with cavitational treatments offer effective solutions. Challenges include designing reactors on a large scale and monitoring the effectiveness and synergies of the hybrid technology. In the present work, pilot-scale treatment of a real high COD (485 g/L) pharmaceutical wastewater (PW) was investigated using hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) operated individually at 330 L/h or in combination with oxidants and electrical discharge (ED) with cold plasma (15 kV and 48 kHz). The first approach consisted of PW cavitational treatment alone of 7 L of 1:100 diluted PW at a HC-induced pressure of 60 bar and a flow rate of 330 L/h. However, this strategy did not provide satisfactory results for COD (∼15% less), and only when HC treatment was extended to more than 30 min in a recirculation mode, encouraging results were obtained (∼45% COD reduction). Consequently, a hybrid approach combining HC with ED-cold plasma was chosen to treat this high-COD PW. Aiming to establish an efficient flow-through hybrid process, after optimising all cavitation and electrical discharge parameters (45 bar HC pressure and 10 kHz ED frequency), the best COD abatement of ∼50 % was recorded with a 1:50 diluted PW. However, a subsequent adsorption step over activated carbon was required to achieve an almost quantitative COD reduction (95%+). Our integrated physicochemical process proved to be extremely efficient in treating high-COD industrial wastewater and resulted in a remarkable reduction of the COD value. In addition, the residual surfactants content in the PW were also drastically reduced (98%+) when a small amount of oxidants was added in the hybrid HC/ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Verdini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Erica Canova
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy; Huvepharma Italia Srl, Via Roberto Lepetit, 142, 12075, Garessio, CN, Italy.
| | - Roberto Solarino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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Filipić A, Dobnik D, Gutiérrez-Aguirre I, Ravnikar M, Košir T, Baebler Š, Štern A, Žegura B, Petkovšek M, Dular M, Mozetič M, Zaplotnik R, Primc G. Cold plasma within a stable supercavitation bubble - A breakthrough technology for efficient inactivation of viruses in water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108285. [PMID: 37972530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity, one of the most pressing challenges we face today, has developed for many reasons, including the increasing number of waterborne pollutants that affect the safety of the water environment. Waterborne human, animal and plant viruses represent huge health, environmental, and financial burden and thus it is important to efficiently inactivate them. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to construct a unique device combining plasma with supercavitation and to evaluate its efficiency for water decontamination with the emphasis on inactivation of viruses. High inactivation (>5 log10 PFU/mL) of bacteriophage MS2, a human enteric virus surrogate, was achieved after treatment of 0.43 L of recirculating water for up to 4 min. The key factors in the inactivation were short-lived reactive plasma species that damaged viral RNA. Water treated with plasma for a short time required for successful virus inactivation did not cause cytotoxic effects in the in vitro HepG2 cell model system or adverse effects on potato plant physiology. Therefore, the combined plasma-supercavitation device represents an environmentally-friendly technology that could provide contamination-free and safe water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijana Filipić
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Dobnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Ravnikar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Košir
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Baebler
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Štern
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Petkovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Mozetič
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Zaplotnik
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Primc
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Wu Q, Luo H, Wang H, Liu Z, Zhang L, Li Y, Zou X, Wang X. Simultaneous hydrodynamic cavitation and nanosecond pulse discharge plasma enhanced by oxygen injection. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106552. [PMID: 37556974 PMCID: PMC10433237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Assisted Oxygen Plasma (HCAOP) process, which employs a venturi tube and oxygen injection, has been developed for enhancing the production and utilization of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the degradation of organic pollutants. This study has systematically investigated the fluid characteristics and discharge properties of the gas-liquid two-phase body in the venturi tube. The hydraulic cavitation two-phase body discharge is initiated by the bridging of the cavitation cloud between the electrodes. The discharge mode transitions from diffuse to spark to corona as the oxygen flow rate increases. The spark discharge has the highest current and discharge energy. Excessive oxygen results in the change of the flow from bubbly to annular and a subsequent decrease in discharge energy. The effects of cavitation intensity, oxygen flow rate, and power polarity on discharge characteristics and ·OH production were evaluated using terephthalic acid as a fluorescent probe. It was found that injecting 3 standard liter per minute (SLPM) of oxygen increased the ·OH yield by 6 times with only 1.2 times increase in power, whereas<0.5 SLPM of oxygen did not improve the ·OH yield due to lower breakdown voltage. Negative polarity voltage increased the breakdown voltage and ·OH yield due to asymmetric density and pressure distribution in the throat tube. This polarity effect was explained by numerical simulation. Using indigo carmine (E132) as a model pollutant, the HCAOP process degraded 20 mg/L of dye in 5 L water within 2 min following a first-order reaction. The lowest electric energy per order (EEO) was 0.26 (kWh/m3/order). The HCAOP process is a highly efficient flow-type advanced oxidation process with potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiyun Luo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yutai Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaobing Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Shokoohi R, Rahmani A, Asgari G, Ashrafi M, Ghahramani E. The effect of the combined system of hydrodynamic cavitation, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide on chlorophyll a and organic substances removal in the raw water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10102. [PMID: 37344539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of nutrients and algae can cause drinking water problems in communities. Harmful algal blooms affect humans, fish, marine mammals, birds, and other animals. In the present study, we investigated the use of a combined system [Hydrodynamic Cavitation, Ozone (O3), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)] on the removal of Chlorophyll a and Organic substances in the raw water was investigated. The Effect of different operating conditions such as pH, cavitation time, pressure, distance, flow rate, ozone dose, and hydrogen peroxide concentration was studied. Utilizing the Taguchi design method, experiments were planned and optimized. The combined system treatment yielded a maximum reduction in Chlorophyll a and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) at an optimum condition of pH 5, cavitation pressure 5 bar, flow rate of 1 m3/h, a distance of 25 cm from the orifice plate, O3 3 g/h and 2 g/l of H2O2 concentrations. The most efficient factor in the degradation of TOC and Chlorophyll a, was cavitation pressure based on the percentage contributions of each parameter (38.64 percent and 35.05 percent, respectively). H2O2 was found to have the most negligible impact on degradation efficiency (4.24 percent and 4.11 percent, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shokoohi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghorban Asgari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maysam Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ghahramani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Research Institute for Health Department, Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Pereira TC, Flores EMM, Abramova AV, Verdini F, Calcio Gaudino E, Bucciol F, Cravotto G. Simultaneous hydrodynamic cavitation and glow plasma discharge for the degradation of metronidazole in drinking water. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106388. [PMID: 37011519 PMCID: PMC10457580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel hydrodynamic cavitation unit combined with a glow plasma discharge system (HC-GPD) was proposed for the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds in drinking water. Metronidazole (MNZ), a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic, was selected to demonstrate the potential of the proposed system. Cavitation bubbles generated by hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) can provide a pathway for charge conduction during glow plasma discharge (GPD). The synergistic effect between HC and GPD promotes the production of hydroxyl radicals, emission of UV light, and shock waves for MNZ degradation. Sonochemical dosimetry provided information on the enhanced formation of hydroxyl radicals during glow plasma discharge compared to hydrodynamic cavitation alone. Experimental results showed a MNZ degradation of 14% in 15 min for the HC alone (solution initially containing 300 × 10-6 mol L-1 MNZ). In experiments with the HC-GPD system, MNZ degradation of 90% in 15 min was detected. No significant differences were observed in MNZ degradation in acidic and alkaline solutions. MNZ degradation was also studied in the presence of inorganic anions. Experimental results showed that the system is suitable for the treatment of solutions with conductivity up to 1500 × 10-6 S cm-1. The results of sonochemical dosimetry showed the formation of oxidant species of 0.15 × 10-3 mol H2O2 L-1 in the HC system after 15 min. For the HC-GPD system, the concentration of oxidant species after 15 min reached 13 × 10-3 molH2O2L-1. Based on these results, the potential of combining HC and GPD systems for water treatment was demonstrated. The present work provided useful information on the synergistic effect between hydrodynamic cavitation and glow plasma discharge and their application for the degradation of antibiotics in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna V Abramova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Federico Verdini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Turin University, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Bucciol
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Turin University, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Turin University, Turin, Italy
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Lim J, Hong EJ, Kim SB, Lee MA, Ryu S. Bactericidal Effect of Underwater Plasma Treatment on Waste Brine from Kimchi Production Process and the Evaluation of Reusability of Plasma-Treated Waste Brine in Salting Kimchi Cabbage. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040728. [PMID: 36832802 PMCID: PMC9956011 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recycling waste brine from the Kimchi production process is an important environmental and industry issue. We applied an underwater plasma to reduce food-borne pathogens in the waste brine. The capillary electrodes supplied by alternating current (AC) bi-polar pulsed power were applied to treat 100 L of waste brine. The inactivation efficacy was analyzed using four different agars (Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Marine agar (MA), de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRS), and Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose (YPD), respectively. The microbial population was reduced linearly with treatment time, irrespective of culturing medium. The inactivation followed the log-linear model (R2: 0.96-0.99). The reusability of plasma-treated waste brine (PTWB) was determined by five parameters (salinity, pH, acidity, reducing sugar, and the population of microorganisms) of salted Kimchi cabbage, and they were compared with newly made brine (NMB) and waste brine (WB), respectively. The results showed that the quality of salted Kimchi cabbage prepared by PTWB was not significantly different from that of NMB, indicating that the underwater plasma treatment is feasible to reuse waste brine in the salting process of Kimchi production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lim
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Gunsan-si 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Hong
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Gunsan-si 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bong Kim
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Gunsan-si 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ai Lee
- Practical Technology Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Ryu
- Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Gunsan-si 54004, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Wang J, Liu H, Gao Y, Yue Q, Gao B, Liu B, Guo K, Xu X. Pilot-scale advanced treatment of actual high-salt textile wastewater by a UV/O 3 pressurization process: Evaluation of removal kinetics and reverse osmosis desalination process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159725. [PMID: 36302404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as ozonation and Fenton processes are widely used in the treatment of high-salt wastewater. The UV/O3 pressurization process was designed and applied at the pilot-scale for treatment of actual high-salt textile wastewater. The UV/O3 pressurization process achieved the highest decolorization (85 %) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr, 43.2 %) removal efficiency at an O3 dosage of 200 g·t-1 and a pressure of 0.2 MPa. Compared to ordinary ozonation, the UV/O3 pressurization process improved the solubility and gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency of O3 in wastewater and generated a large number of O3 microbubbles. Hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide radicals (O2·-) and single oxygen (1O2) all played a significant role on the removal of pollutants in wastewater during the UV/O3 pressurization process. The reverse osmosis (RO) process was used to evaluate the effect of UV/O3 pressurization and Fenton pre-oxidation processes on the desalination process as the last process in treating high-salt organic wastewater. The pre-oxidation processes improved the initial RO water flux. Compared with the Fenton process, the UV/O3 pressurization process had less membrane fouling (thin fouling layer vs thick fouling layer), and final water flux (59.4 LMH) was higher than that of Fenton process (34.9 LHM). The total dissolved solids (TDS), Cl- and SO42- of the effluent from UV/O3 pressurization process (37.2, 7.6 and 3.0 mg·L-1) were better than that of Fenton process (65.7, 13.9 and 7.1 mg·L-1). Therefore, the UV/O3 pressurization process without secondary pollution is more suitable for the advanced treatment of high-salt organic wastewater than the Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Haibao Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Kangying Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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11
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Xu Y, Yamamoto T, Hariu D, Komarov S. Effect of gas injection on cavitation-assisted plasma treatment efficiency of wastewater. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105941. [PMID: 35168164 PMCID: PMC8850797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Underwater plasma has been long recognized as a "green" alternative to conventional chemicals in the wastewater treatment processes. However, practical application of underwater plasma is still challenging due to insufficient treatment performance. Recently, we proposed a novel process named ACAP utilizing acoustic cavitation in order to stabilize the plasma generation and to enlarge the plasma processing region. This work continues our investigation regarding the ACAP treatment process focusing on effects of gas injection. Experiments were performed using an ultrasonic installation equipped with a specially designed sonotrode (Diam. 48 mm) operated at a frequency of 20 kHz and acoustic power of 120 W. The results revealed that the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B, which was used as a model wastewater pollutant, remains almost unchangeable in the case of air injection, but it is doubled when argon is injected into the ACAP reactor. It was found that the argon injection enhances the degradation efficiency significantly even without ultrasound irradiation. Results of additional measurements suggest that the effect of argon is attributed to its ability to yield high temperature during cavitation, comparatively good solubility in water and a better ability to reduce the breakdown voltage in water compared to the air case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Tohoku University, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Metallurgy, Tohoku University, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan
| | - Daiki Hariu
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Tohoku University, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan
| | - Sergey Komarov
- Department of Metallurgy, Tohoku University, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan
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12
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Calcio Gaudino E, Canova E, Liu P, Wu Z, Cravotto G. Degradation of Antibiotics in Wastewater: New Advances in Cavitational Treatments. Molecules 2021; 26:617. [PMID: 33504036 PMCID: PMC7865544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, antibiotics have been considered emerging pollutants due to their persistence in aquatic ecosystems. Even at low concentrations, these pollutants contribute to the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, while their degradation is still a longstanding challenge for wastewater treatment. In the present literature survey, we review the recent advances in synergistic techniques for antibiotic degradation in wastewater that combine either ultrasound (US) or hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and oxidative, photo-catalytic, and enzymatic strategies. The degradation of sulfadiazine by HC/persulfate (PS)/H2O2/α-Fe2O3, US/PS/Fe0, and sono-photocatalysis with MgO@CNT nanocomposites processes; the degradation of tetracycline by US/H2O2/Fe3O4, US/O3/goethite, and HC/photocatalysis with TiO2 (P25) sono-photocatalysis with rGO/CdWO4 protocols; and the degradation of amoxicillin by US/Oxone®/Co2+ are discussed. In general, a higher efficiency of antibiotics removal and a faster structure degradation rate are reported under US or HC conditions as compared with the corresponding silent conditions. However, the removal of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride reached only 51% with US-assisted laccase-catalysis, though it was higher than those using US or enzymatic treatment alone. Moreover, a COD removal higher than 85% in several effluents of the pharmaceutical industry (500-7500 mg/L COD) was achieved by the US/O3/CuO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (E.C.); (P.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Erica Canova
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (E.C.); (P.L.); (Z.W.)
- Huvepharma Italia Srl, Via Roberto Lepetit, 142, 12075 Garessio (CN), Italy
| | - Pengyun Liu
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (E.C.); (P.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhilin Wu
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (E.C.); (P.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (E.C.); (P.L.); (Z.W.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov), 8 Trubetskaya ul, Moscow 119048, Russia
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13
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Abramov VO, Abramova AV, Cravotto G, Nikonov RV, Fedulov IS, Ivanov VK. Flow-mode water treatment under simultaneous hydrodynamic cavitation and plasma. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105323. [PMID: 32911356 PMCID: PMC7786523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the scientific community and industry have made huge efforts to develop environmental protection technologies. In particular, the scarcity of drinking water has prompted the investigation of several physico-chemical treatments, and synergistic effects have been observed in hyphenated techniques. Herein, we report the first example of water treatment under simultaneous hydrodynamic cavitation and plasma discharge with the intense generation of radicals, UV light, shock waves and charged particles. This highly reactive environment is well suited to the bulk treatment of polluted water (i.e. E. coli disinfection and organic pollutant degradation). We have developed a new prototype and have efficiently applied this hybrid technology to water disinfection and the complete degradation of methanol in water with the aim of demonstrating its scalability. We have analyzed the mechanisms of water disinfection under the abovementioned conditions and verified them by measuring cavitation noise spectra and plasma emission spectra. We have also used the degradation of textile dyes and methanol solutions as an indicator for the formation of radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir O Abramov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospekt 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Abramova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospekt 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman V Nikonov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospekt 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor S Fedulov
- Moscow Polytechnic University, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya ul., 38, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir K Ivanov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospekt 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Komarov S, Yamamoto T, Fang Y, Hariu D. Combined effect of acoustic cavitation and pulsed discharge plasma on wastewater treatment efficiency in a circulating reactor: A case study of Rhodamine B. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 68:105236. [PMID: 32615405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the wastewater treatment performance of an acoustic cavitation assisted plasma (ACAP) process in a circulating reactor using Rhodamine B (RhB) as a model water pollution. The concept of this process was proposed by the authors recently for a batch type rector. The measurements revealed that combining the ultrasound irradiation with pulsed discharge plasma allows the RhB degradation efficiency to be drastically increased as compared with the plasma-alone case. This effect is especially significant at higher values of solution electrical conductivity examined in a range of 20 ~ 400 μS/cm. Acidic conditions and larger flow rates of solution were found to be favorable for the degradation efficiency. The effect of flow rate was also analyzed through numerical simulation. The results indicated that the mass transfer of RhB to the plasma-cavitation zone is one of the controlling parameters influencing the degradation performance. Behavior of bubbles and pulse discharge frequency were examined using a high-speed video camera. Relatively large bubbles were found to favor the plasma pulse generation and propagation when move near the high-voltage electrode. On the whole, the results of this study suggest that the ACAP process has the potential to synergistically extend the application area of underwater plasma in both research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Komarov
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Daiki Hariu
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Japan
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15
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Gu J, Luo C, Zhou W, Tong Z, Zhang H, Zhang P, Ren X. Degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution by laser cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 68:105181. [PMID: 32485625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel method of laser cavitation (LC) was proposed for degrading organic dye wastewater. Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution was employed as the simulated organic dye wastewater, and a LC system was designed to conduct the experiments of degrading RhB. The effects of laser energy, initial concentration and cavitation time on the degradation were investigated. Moreover, the degradation kinetics, degradation mechanism and energy efficiency were analyzed. The experimental results indicate that RhB aqueous solution can be degraded effectively by LC and the degradation follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The extent of degradation increases by 27.6% with the rise of laser energy (50-100 mJ) while it decreases by 7.8% with increasing the initial concentration from (20-40 mg/L), but RhB can not be degraded when exceeding 100 mg/L. The degradation extent of RhB at 100 mJ and 20 mg/L for 3 h is 81.11%, and the RhB solution is almost completely degraded at 150 mJ (98.4%). The degradation velocity of RhB rises firstly and then decreases as the cavitation time increases. The degradation of RhB by LC can be attributed to the N-de-ethylation and chromophore cleavage caused by oxidation of hydroxyl (OH) radical and thermal decomposition. LC has a higher energy efficiency compared with other methods and is more energy efficient at lower laser energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Gu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Chunhui Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wangfan Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhaopeng Tong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Penghua Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xudong Ren
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Yi L, Li B, Sun Y, Li S, Qi Q, Qin J, Sun H, Fang D, Wang J. Construction of coated Z-scheme Er3+:Y3Al5O12/Pd-CdS@BaTiO3 sonocatalyst composite for intensifying degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride in aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Effect of Surface Roughness and Ultrasonic Frequency on Bubble Dynamics in Acoustic Cavitation. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With many emerging applications such as chemical reactions and ultrasound therapy, acoustic cavitation plays a vital role in having improved energy efficiency. For example, acoustic cavitation results in substantial enhancement in the rates of various chemical reactions. In this regard, an applied acoustic field within a medium generates acoustic streaming, where cavitation bubbles appear due to preexisting dissolved gas in the working fluid. Upon cavitation inception, bubbles can undergo subsequent growth and collapse. During the last decade, the studies on the effects of different parameters on acoustic cavitation such as applied ultrasound frequency and power have been conducted. The bubble growth and collapse mechanisms and their distribution within the medium have been classified. Yet, more research is necessary to understand the complex mechanism of multi-bubble behavior under an applied acoustic field. Various parameters affecting acoustic cavitation such as surface roughness of the acoustic generator should be investigated in more detail in this regard. In this study, single bubble lifetime, bubble size and multi-bubble dynamics were investigated by changing the applied ultrasonic field. The effect of surface roughness on bubble dynamics was presented. In the analysis, images from a high-speed camera and fast video recording techniques were used. Numerical simulations were also done to investigate the effect of acoustic field frequency on bubble dynamics. Bubble cluster behavior and required minimum bubble size to be affected by the acoustic field were obtained. Numerical results suggested that bubbles with sizes of 50 µm or more could be aligned according to the radiation potential map, whereas bubbles with sizes smaller than 10 µm were not affected by the acoustic field. Furthermore, it was empirically proven that surface roughness has a significant effect on acoustic cavitation phenomena.
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Removal of Microcystis aeruginosa through the Combined Effect of Plasma Discharge and Hydrodynamic Cavitation. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial water blooms represent toxicological, ecological and technological problems around the globe. When present in raw water used for drinking water production, one of the best strategies is to remove the cyanobacterial biomass gently before treatment, avoiding cell destruction and cyanotoxins release. This paper presents a new method for the removal of cyanobacterial biomass during drinking water pre-treatment that combines hydrodynamic cavitation with cold plasma discharge. Cavitation produces press stress that causes Microcystis gas vesicles to collapse. The cyanobacteria then sink, allowing for removal by sedimentation. The cyanobacteria showed no signs of revitalisation, even after seven days under optimal conditions with nutrient enrichment, as photosynthetic activity is negatively affected by hydrogen peroxide produced by plasma burnt in the cavitation cloud. Using this method, cyanobacteria can be removed in a single treatment, with no increase in microcystin concentration. This novel technology appears to be highly promising for continual treatment of raw water inflow in drinking water treatment plants and will also be of interest to those wishing to treat surface waters without the use of algaecides.
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