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Mondou P, Mériaux S, Nageotte F, Vappou J, Novell A, Larrat B. State of the art on microbubble cavitation monitoring and feedback control for blood-brain-barrier opening using focused ultrasound. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:18TR03. [PMID: 37369229 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ace23e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-invasive and highly promising method for targeted and reversible blood-brain barrier permeabilization. Numerous preclinical studies aim to optimize the localized delivery of drugs using this method in rodents and non-human primates. Several clinical trials have been initiated to treat various brain diseases in humans using simultaneous BBB permeabilization and drug injection. This review presents the state of the art ofin vitroandin vivocavitation control algorithms for BBB permeabilization using microbubbles (MB) and FUS. Firstly, we describe the different cavitation states, their physical significance in terms of MB behavior and their translation into the spectral composition of the backscattered signal. Next, we report the different indexes calculated and used during the ultrasonic monitoring of cavitation. Finally, the differentin vitroandin vivocavitation control strategies described in the literature are presented and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mondou
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube, UMR7357, Strasbourg, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, NeuroSpin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Mériaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, NeuroSpin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florent Nageotte
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube, UMR7357, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jonathan Vappou
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube, UMR7357, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anthony Novell
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, NeuroSpin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, SHFJ, 91401 , Orsay, France
| | - Benoit Larrat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, NeuroSpin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Sharma D, Xuan Leong K, Palhares D, Czarnota GJ. Radiation combined with ultrasound and microbubbles: A potential novel strategy for cancer treatment. Z Med Phys 2023; 33:407-426. [PMID: 37586962 PMCID: PMC10517408 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several emerging technologies are helping to battle cancer. Cancer therapies have been effective at killing cancer cells, but a large portion of patients still die to this disease every year. As such, more aggressive treatments of primary cancers are employed and have been shown to be capable of saving a greater number of lives. Recent research advances the field of cancer therapy by employing the use of physical methods to alter tumor biology. It uses microbubbles to enhance radiation effect by damaging tumor vasculature followed by tumor cell death. The technique can specifically target tumor volumes by conforming ultrasound fields capable of microbubbles stimulation and localizing it to avoid vascular damage in surrounding tissues. Thus, this new application of ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) can be utilized as a novel approach to cancer therapy by inducing vascular disruption resulting in tumor cell death. Using USMB alongside radiation has showed to augment the anti-vascular effect of radiation, resulting in enhanced tumor response. Recent work with nanobubbles has shown vascular permeation into intracellular space, extending the use of this new treatment method to potentially further improve the therapeutic effect of the ultrasound-based therapy. The significant enhancement of localized tumor cell kill means that radiation-based treatments can be made more potent with lower doses of radiation. This technique can manifest a greater impact on radiation oncology practice by increasing treatment effectiveness significantly while reducing normal tissue toxicity. This review article summarizes the past and recent advances in USMB enhancement of radiation treatments. The review mainly focuses on preclinical findings but also highlights some clinical findings that use USMB as a therapeutic modality in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Sharma
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Radiation Oncology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kai Xuan Leong
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Palhares
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Radiation Oncology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Radiation Oncology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Hu Y, Wei J, Shen Y, Chen S, Chen X. Barrier-breaking effects of ultrasonic cavitation for drug delivery and biomarker release. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106346. [PMID: 36870921 PMCID: PMC10040969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that cavitation actually creates important bidirectional channels on biological barriers for both intratumoral drug delivery and extratumoral biomarker release. To promote the barrier-breaking effects of cavitation for both therapy and diagnosis, we first reviewed recent technical advances of ultrasound and its contrast agents (microbubbles, nanodroplets, and gas-stabilizing nanoparticles) and then reported the newly-revealed cavitation physical details. In particular, we summarized five types of cellular responses of cavitation in breaking the plasma membrane (membrane retraction, sonoporation, endocytosis/exocytosis, blebbing and apoptosis) and compared the vascular cavitation effects of three different types of ultrasound contrast agents in breaking the blood-tumor barrier and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we highlighted the current achievements of the barrier-breaking effects of cavitation in mediating drug delivery and biomarker release. We emphasized that the precise induction of a specific cavitation effect for barrier-breaking was still challenged by the complex combination of multiple acoustic and non-acoustic cavitation parameters. Therefore, we provided the cutting-edge in-situ cavitation imaging and feedback control methods and suggested the development of an international cavitation quantification standard for the clinical guidance of cavitation-mediated barrier-breaking effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China; National-regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Jianpeng Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China; National-regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China; National-regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Siping Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China; National-regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China; National-regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China.
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Moradi Kashkooli F, Jakhmola A, Hornsby TK, Tavakkoli JJ, Kolios MC. Ultrasound-mediated nano drug delivery for treating cancer: Fundamental physics to future directions. J Control Release 2023; 355:552-578. [PMID: 36773959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of biocompatible nanocarriers in medicine has provided several benefits over conventional treatment methods. However, achieving high treatment efficacy and deep penetration of nanocarriers in tumor tissue is still challenging. To address this, stimuli-responsive nano-sized drug delivery systems (DDSs) are an active area of investigation in delivering anticancer drugs. While ultrasound is mainly used for diagnostic purposes, it can also be applied to affect cellular function and the delivery/release of anticancer drugs. Therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) has shown potential as both a stand-alone anticancer treatment and a method to induce targeted drug release from nanocarrier systems. TUS approaches have been used to overcome various physiological obstacles, including endothelial barriers, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunological hurdles. Combining nanomedicine and ultrasound as a smart DDS can increase in situ drug delivery and improve access to impermeable tissues. Furthermore, smart DDSs can perform targeted drug release in response to distinctive TMEs, external triggers, or dual/multi-stimulus. This results in enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced damage to surrounding healthy tissue or organs at risk. Integrating DDSs and ultrasound is still in its early stages. More research and clinical trials are required to fully understand ultrasound's underlying physical mechanisms and interactions with various types of nanocarriers and different types of cells and tissues. In the present review, ultrasound-mediated nano-sized DDS, specifically focused on cancer treatment, is presented and discussed. Ultrasound interaction with nanoparticles (NPs), drug release mechanisms, and various types of ultrasound-sensitive NPs are examined. Additionally, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical applications of TUS are reviewed in light of the critical challenges that need to be considered to advance TUS toward an efficient, secure, straightforward, and accessible cancer treatment. This study also presents effective TUS parameters and safety considerations for this treatment modality and gives recommendations about system design and operation. Finally, future perspectives are considered, and different TUS approaches are examined and discussed in detail. This review investigates drug release and delivery through ultrasound-mediated nano-sized cancer treatment, both pre-clinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshuman Jakhmola
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler K Hornsby
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jahangir Jahan Tavakkoli
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Wear KA, Shah A. Nominal Versus Actual Spatial Resolution: Comparison of Directivity and Frequency-Dependent Effective Sensitive Element Size for Membrane, Needle, Capsule, and Fiber-Optic Hydrophones. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2023; 70:112-119. [PMID: 36178990 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3211183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Frequency-dependent effective sensitive element radius [Formula: see text] is a key parameter for elucidating physical mechanisms of hydrophone operation. In addition, it is essential to know [Formula: see text] to correct for hydrophone output voltage reduction due to spatial averaging across the hydrophone sensitive element surface. At low frequencies, [Formula: see text] is greater than geometrical sensitive element radius ag . Consequently, at low frequencies, investigators can overrate their hydrophone spatial resolution. Empirical models for [Formula: see text] for membrane, needle, and fiber-optic hydrophones have been obtained previously. In this article, an empirical model for [Formula: see text] for capsule hydrophones is presented, so that models are now available for the four most common hydrophone types used in biomedical ultrasound. The [Formula: see text] value was estimated from directivity measurements (over the range from 1 to 20 MHz) for five capsule hydrophones (three with [Formula: see text] and two with [Formula: see text]). The results suggest that capsule hydrophones behave according to a "rigid piston" model for k a g ≥ 0.7 ( k = 2π /wavelength). Comparing the four hydrophone types, the low-frequency discrepancy between [Formula: see text] and ag was found to be greatest for membrane hydrophones, followed by capsule hydrophones, and smallest for needle and fiber-optic hydrophones. Empirical models for [Formula: see text] are helpful for choosing an appropriate hydrophone for an experiment and for correcting for spatial averaging (over the sensitive element surface) in pressure and beamwidth measurements. When reporting hydrophone-based pressure measurements, investigators should specify [Formula: see text] at the center frequency (which may be estimated from the models presented here) in addition to ag .
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Sviridov A, Mazina S, Ostapenko A, Nikolaev A, Timoshenko V. Antibacterial Effect of Acoustic Cavitation Promoted by Mesoporous Silicon Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021065. [PMID: 36674582 PMCID: PMC9866259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As-prepared mesoporous silicon nanoparticles, which were synthesized by electrochemical etching of crystalline silicon wafers followed by high-energy milling in water, were explored as a sonosensitizer in aqueous media under irradiation with low-intensity ultrasound at 0.88 MHz. Due to the mixed oxide-hydride coating of the nanoparticles' surfaces, they showed both acceptable colloidal stability and sonosensitization of the acoustic cavitation. The latter was directly measured and quantified as a cavitation energy index, i.e., time integral of the magnitude of ultrasound subharmonics. The index turned out to be several times greater for nanoparticle suspensions as compared to pure water, and it depended nonmonotonically on nanoparticle concentration. In vitro tests with Lactobacillus casei revealed a dramatic drop of the bacterial viability and damage of the cells after ultrasonic irradiation with intensity of about 1 W/cm2 in the presence of nanoparticles, which themselves are almost non-toxic at the studied concentrations of about 1 mg/mL. The experimental results prove that nanoparticle-sensitized cavitation bubbles nearby bacteria can cause bacterial lysis and death. The sonosensitizing properties of freshly prepared mesoporous silicon nanoparticles are beneficial for their application in mild antibacterial therapy and treatment of liquid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Sviridov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Mazina
- Research and Technical Centre of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene, FMBA, Schukinskaya St 40, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Land and Environmental Management, State University of Land Use Planning, Kazakov St. 15, 105064 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Ecology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Ostapenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Nikolaev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Timoshenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Phys-Bio Institute, National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), Kashirskoye Sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Faster calcium recovery and membrane resealing in repeated sonoporation for delivery improvement. J Control Release 2022; 352:385-398. [PMID: 36273528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In sonoporation-based macromolecular delivery, repetitive microbubble cavitation in the bloodstream results in repeated sonoporation of cells or sonoporation of non-sonoporated neighboring cells (i.e., adjacent to the sonoporated host cells). The resealing and recovery capabilities of these two types of sonoporated cells affect the efficiency and biosafety of sonoporation-based delivery. Therefore, an improved understanding of the preservation of viability in these sonoporated cells is necessary. Using a customized platform for single-pulse ultrasound exposure (pulse length 13.33 μs, peak negative pressure 0.40 MPa, frequency 1.5 MHz) and real-time recording of membrane perforation and intracellular calcium fluctuations (using propidium iodide and Fluo-4 fluorescent probes, respectively), spatiotemporally controlled sonoporation was performed to administer first and second single-site sonoporations of a single cell or single-site sonoporation of a neighboring cell. Two distinct intracellular calcium changes, reversible and irreversible calcium fluctuations, were identified in cells undergoing repeat reversible sonoporation and in neighboring cells undergoing reversible sonoporation. In addition to an increased proportion of reversible calcium fluctuations that occurred with repeated sonoporation compared with that in the initial sonoporation, repeated sonoporation resulted in significantly shorter calcium fluctuation durations and faster membrane resealing than that produced by initial sonoporation. Similarly, compared with those in sonoporated host cells, the intracellular calcium fluctuation recovery and membrane perforation resealing times were significantly shorter in sonoporated neighboring cells. These results demonstrated that the function recovery and membrane resealing capabilities after a second sonoporation or sonoporation of neighboring cells were potentiated in the short term. This could aid in sustaining the long-term viability of sonoporated cells, therefore improving delivery efficiency and biosafety. This investigation provides new insight into the resealing and recovery capabilities in re-sonoporation of sonoporated cells and sonoporation of neighboring cells and can help develop safe and efficient strategies for sonoporation-based drug delivery.
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Ultrasound-Responsive Liposomes for Targeted Drug Delivery Combined with Focused Ultrasound. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071314. [PMID: 35890210 PMCID: PMC9315635 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are traditionally used for the treatment of cancer. However, chemodrugs generally induce side effects and decrease anticancer effects due to indiscriminate diffusion and poor drug delivery. To overcome these limitations of chemotherapy, in this study, ultrasound-responsive liposomes were fabricated and used as drug carriers for delivering the anticancer drug doxorubicin, which was able to induce cancer cell death. The ultrasound-sensitive liposome demonstrated a size distribution of 81.94 nm, and the entrapment efficiency of doxorubicin was 97.1 ± 1.44%. The release of doxorubicin under the ultrasound irradiation was 60% on continuous wave and 50% by optimizing the focused ultrasound conditions. In vivo fluorescence live imaging was used to visualize the doxorubicin release in the MDA-MB-231 xenografted mouse, and it was demonstrated that liposomal drugs were released in response to ultrasound irradiation of the tissue. The combination of ultrasound and liposomes suppressed tumor growth over 56% more than liposomes without ultrasound exposure and 98% more than the control group. In conclusion, this study provides a potential alternative for overcoming the previous limitations of chemotherapeutics.
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Dong L, Li N, Wei X, Wang Y, Chang L, Wu H, Song L, Guo K, Chang Y, Yin Y, Pan M, Shen Y, Wang F. A Gambogic Acid-Loaded Delivery System Mediated by Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction: A Promising Therapy Method for Malignant Cerebral Glioma. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2001-2017. [PMID: 35535034 PMCID: PMC9078874 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s344940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nana Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixi Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongling Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liansheng Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liujiang Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27517, USA
| | - Kang Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Third affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518034, People’s Republic of China
- Min Pan, Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6001 Beihuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518034, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Feng Wang, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Zheng M, Lin Y, Xu J, Gao J, Gong W, Xie S, Yu Y, Lin J. Study on degranulation of mast cells under C48/80 treatment by electroporation-assisted and ultrasound-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectrascopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120331. [PMID: 34536894 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both electroporation-assisted and ultrasound-assisted delivery methods can rapidly deliver nanoparticles into living cells for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection, but these two methods have never been compared. In this study, electroporation-assisted SERS and ultrasound-assisted SERS were employed to detect the biochemical changes of degranulated mast cells induced by mast cell stimulator (C48/80). The results showed that the cell damage of electroporation based on controllable electric pulse was smaller than that of ultrasound based on cavitation. Transmission electron microscope images of cells indicated that the nanoparticles delivered by electroporation were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, while ultrasound could transport nanoparticles to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Therefore, electroporation-assisted SERS mainly detects the biochemical information of cytoplasm, while ultrasound-assisted SERS gets more spectral signals of nucleic acid. Both methods can obtain high quality SERS signal of cells. With drug treatment, the SERS peak intensity of 733 cm-1 attributed to phosphatidylserine decreased significantly, which may be due to the activation of mast cell degranulation pathway stimulated by C48/80 agonist, resulting in a large amount of intracellular serine being used to synthesize tryptase, while the production of phosphatidylserine decreased. Further, based on principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA approach), ultrasound-assisted SERS could achieve better sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the discrimination and identification of drug-treated degranulated mast cells than electroporation assisted SERS. This exploratory work is helpful to realize the real-time dynamic SERS detection of intracellular biochemical components, and it also has great potential in intracellular SERS analysis, such as the cytotoxicity assay of anti-tumor drugs or cancer cell screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yamin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianshu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiamin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shusen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Yu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Juqiang Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; School of opto-electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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11
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Tan C, Yan B, Han T, Yu ACH, Qin P. Improving temporal stability of stable cavitation activity of circulating microbubbles using a closed-loop controller based on pulse-length regulation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105882. [PMID: 34969003 PMCID: PMC8855699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Stable cavitation (SC) has shown great potential for novel therapeutic applications. The spatiotemporal distribution of the SC activity of microbubbles circulating in a target region is not only correlated with the uniformity of treatment, but also with some undesirable effects. Therefore, it is important to achieve controllable and desirable SC activity in target regions for improved therapeutic efficiency and biosafety. This study proposes a closed-loop feedback controller based on pulse length (PL) regulation to improve the temporal stability of SC activity. Microbubbles circulating in a physiological flowing phantom were exposed to a 1 MHz focused transducer. The SC signals produced were initially received by another 7.5 MHz plane transducer, followed by high-speed signal acquisition and real-time processing. Based on the real-time-measured SC intensity excited by the current acoustic pulse, the proposed closed-loop feedback controller used three proportional coefficients to regulate the peak negative pressure (PNP) and PL of the next acoustic pulse during the acceleration and stable stages, respectively. The results show that the rise time and the temporal stability of the SC intensity of the microbubbles circulating in these two stages were improved significantly by the optimized proportional coefficients used in the proposed controller. Importantly, when compared with the traditional closed-loop feedback controller based on PNP regulation, the proposed closed-loop feedback controller based on PL regulation reduced the probability of a transition between stable and inertial cavitation, thus avoiding the risk of disadvantageous bioeffects in practical applications. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PL-based closed-loop feedback controller and provide a feasible strategy for realization of controllable cavitation activity in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Tan
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Yan
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Peng Qin
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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12
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Zhang L, Hu Y, Wang X, Abiola Fakayode O, Ma H, Zhou C, Xia A, Li Q. Improving soaking efficiency of soybeans through sweeping frequency ultrasound assisted by parameters optimization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 79:105794. [PMID: 34673339 PMCID: PMC8528789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soybean soaking is important to the processing of bean products, however, restricted by the long soaking time. Herein, the soybean soaking was assisted by 60 kHz sweeping frequency ultrasound (SFU). Shortening mechanism of soaking time and physicochemical properties of soybeans were analyzed. Results showed that soaking temperature of 37 °C, ultrasonic power of 60% (144 W), and soaking time of 214 min were optimum SFU-assisted parameters. The soaking time was reduced by 45.13%, and soluble protein content increased by 14.27% after SFU. Based on analysis of acoustic signals, the maximum voltage amplitude of SFU increased with the increment of oscillation periods of cavitation bubbles, which enlarged the intercellular space and size of soybean, and cell membrane permeability was enhanced by 4.37%. Unpleasant beany flavor compounds were reduced by 16.37%-47.6%. Therefore, SFU could significantly improve the soaking efficiency of soybeans and provide a theoretical basis for the processing enterprises of soybean products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo 520001, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Aiming Xia
- Zhenjiang New Mill Bean Industry Co. LTD, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zhenjiang New Mill Bean Industry Co. LTD, Zhenjiang 212000, China
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13
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Applications of Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111491. [PMID: 34768922 PMCID: PMC8583720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has continuously evolved throughout the years since its first proposal to develop more specific and effective transfection, capable of treating a myriad of health conditions. Viral vectors are some of the most common and most efficient vehicles for gene transfer. However, the safe and effective delivery of gene therapy remains a major obstacle. Ultrasound contrast agents in the form of microbubbles have provided a unique solution to fulfill the need to shield the vectors from the host immune system and the need for site specific targeted therapy. Since the discovery of the biophysical and biological effects of microbubble sonification, multiple developments have been made to enhance its applicability in targeted drug delivery. The concurrent development of viral vectors and recent research on dual vector strategies have shown promising results. This review will explore the mechanisms and recent advancements in the knowledge of ultrasound-mediated microbubbles in targeting gene and drug therapy.
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14
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Qin D, Zou Q, Lei S, Wang W, Li Z. Nonlinear dynamics and acoustic emissions of interacting cavitation bubbles in viscoelastic tissues. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105712. [PMID: 34391164 PMCID: PMC8363877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The cavitation-mediated bioeffects are primarily associated with the dynamic behaviors of bubbles in viscoelastic tissues, which involves complex interactions of cavitation bubbles with surrounding bubbles and tissues. The radial and translational motions, as well as the resultant acoustic emissions of two interacting cavitation bubbles in viscoelastic tissues were numerically investigated. Due to the bubble-bubble interactions, a remarkable suppression effect on the small bubble, whereas a slight enhancement effect on the large one were observed within the acoustic exposure parameters and the initial radii of the bubbles examined in this paper. Moreover, as the initial distance between bubbles increases, the strong suppression effect is reduced gradually and it could effectively enhance the nonlinear dynamics of bubbles, exactly as the bifurcation diagrams exhibit a similar mode of successive period doubling to chaos. Correspondingly, the resultant acoustic emissions present a progressive evolution of harmonics, subharmonics, ultraharmonics and broadband components in the frequency spectra. In addition, with the elasticity and/or viscosity of the surrounding medium increasing, both the nonlinear dynamics and translational motions of bubbles were reduced prominently. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the nonlinear behaviors and acoustic emissions of two interacting cavitation bubbles in viscoelastic media, it may contribute to optimizing and monitoring the cavitation-mediated biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dui Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China.
| | - Qingqin Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Shuang Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Zhangyong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, PR China.
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15
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Cavitation Dynamics and Inertial Cavitation Threshold of Lipid Coated Microbubbles in Viscoelastic Media with Bubble-Bubble Interactions. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091125. [PMID: 34577768 PMCID: PMC8493799 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulated microbubbles combined with ultrasound have been widely utilized in various biomedical applications; however, the bubble dynamics in viscoelastic medium have not been completely understood. It involves complex interactions of coated microbubbles with ultrasound, nearby microbubbles and surrounding medium. Here, a comprehensive model capable of simulating the complex bubble dynamics was developed via taking the nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors of the shells, the bubble–bubble interactions and the viscoelasticity of the surrounding medium into account simultaneously. For two interacting lipid-coated bubbles with different initial radii in viscoelastic media, it exemplified that the encapsulating shell, the inter-bubble interactions and the medium viscoelasticity would noticeably suppress bubble oscillations. The inter-bubble interactions exerted a much stronger suppressing effect on the small bubble within the parameters examined in this paper, which might result from a larger radiated pressure acting on the small bubble due to the inter-bubble interactions. The lipid shells make the microbubbles exhibit two typical asymmetric dynamic behaviors (i.e., compression or expansion dominated oscillations), which are determined by the initial surface tension of the bubbles. Accordingly, the inertial cavitation threshold decreases as the initial surface tension increases, but increases as the shell elasticity and viscosity increases. Moreover, with the distance between bubbles decreasing and/or the initial radius of the large bubble increasing, the oscillations of the small bubble decrease and the inertial cavitation threshold increases gradually due to the stronger suppression effects caused by the enhanced bubble–bubble interactions. Additionally, increasing the elasticity and/or viscosity of the surrounding medium would also dampen bubble oscillations and result in a significant increase in the inertial cavitation threshold. This study may contribute to both encapsulated microbubble-associated ultrasound diagnostic and emerging therapeutic applications.
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16
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Gailliègue FN, Tamošiūnas M, André FM, Mir LM. A Setup for Microscopic Studies of Ultrasounds Effects on Microliters Scale Samples: Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060847. [PMID: 34201070 PMCID: PMC8227135 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation is the process of cell membrane permeabilization, due to exposure to ultrasounds. There is a lack of consensus concerning the mechanisms of sonoporation: Understanding the mechanisms of sonoporation refines the choice of the ultrasonic parameters to be applied on the cells. Cells’ classical exposure systems to ultrasounds have several drawbacks, like the immersion of the cells in large volumes of liquid, the nonhomogeneous acoustic pressure in the large sample, and thus, the necessity for magnetic stirring to somehow homogenize the exposure of the cells. This article reports the development and characterization of a novel system allowing the exposure to ultrasounds of very small volumes and their observation under the microscope. The observation under a microscope imposes the exposure of cells and Giant Unilamellar Vesicles under an oblique incidence, as well as the very unusual presence of rigid walls limiting the sonicated volume. The advantages of this new setup are not only the use of a very small volume of cells culture medium/microbubbles (MB), but the presence of flat walls near the sonicated region that results in a more homogeneous ultrasonic pressure field, and thus, the control of the focal distance and the real exposure time. The setup presented here comprises the ability to survey the geometrical and dynamical aspects of the exposure of cells and MB to ultrasounds, if an ultrafast camera is used. Indeed, the setup thus fulfills all the requirements to apply ultrasounds conveniently, for accurate mechanistic experiments under an inverted fluorescence microscope, and it could have interesting applications in photoacoustic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian N. Gailliègue
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of the Oncogenesis (METSY), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 94805 Villejuif, France; (F.N.G.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Mindaugas Tamošiūnas
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., LV-1586 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Franck M. André
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of the Oncogenesis (METSY), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 94805 Villejuif, France; (F.N.G.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Lluis M. Mir
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of the Oncogenesis (METSY), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 94805 Villejuif, France; (F.N.G.); (F.M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1421-14792
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17
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Grisanti G, Caprini D, Sinibaldi G, Scognamiglio C, Silvani G, Peruzzi G, Casciola CM. A Microfluidic Platform for Cavitation-Enhanced Drug Delivery. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060658. [PMID: 34204968 PMCID: PMC8229805 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An endothelial-lined blood vessel model is obtained in a PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) microfluidic system, where vascular endothelial cells are grown under physiological shear stress, allowing -like maturation. This experimental model is employed for enhanced drug delivery studies, aimed at characterising the increase in endothelial permeability upon microbubble-enhanced ultrasound-induced (USMB) cavitation. We developed a multi-step protocol to couple the optical and the acoustic set-ups, thanks to a 3D-printed insonation chamber, provided with direct optical access and a support for the US transducer. Cavitation-induced interendothelial gap opening is then analysed using a customised code that quantifies gap area and the relative statistics. We show that exposure to US in presence of microbubbles significantly increases endothelial permeability and that tissue integrity completely recovers within 45 min upon insonation. This protocol, along with the versatility of the microfluidic platform, allows to quantitatively characterise cavitation-induced events for its potential employment in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Grisanti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00186 Roma, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Davide Caprini
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Giorgia Sinibaldi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00186 Roma, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Chiara Scognamiglio
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Giulia Silvani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00186 Roma, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Carlo Massimo Casciola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00186 Roma, Italy; (G.G.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (C.M.C.)
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18
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Su X, Rakshit M, Das P, Gupta I, Das D, Pramanik M, Ng KW, Kwan J. Ultrasonic Implantation and Imaging of Sound-Sensitive Theranostic Agents for the Treatment of Arterial Inflammation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24422-24430. [PMID: 34019376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For site-specific diseases such as atherosclerosis, it is desirable to noninvasively and locally deliver therapeutics for extended periods of time. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) provides targeted drug delivery, yet remains unable to sustain delivery beyond the HIFU treatment time. Furthermore, methods to validate HIFU-enhanced drug delivery remain limited. In this study, we report on HIFU-targeted implantation of degradable drug-loaded sound-sensitive multicavity PLGA microparticles (mcPLGA MPs) as a theranostic agent for the treatment of arterial lesions. Once implanted into the targeted tissue, mcPLGA MPs eluted dexamethasone for several days, thereby reducing inflammatory markers linked to oxidized lipid uptake in a foam cell spheroid model. Furthermore, implanted mcPLGA MPs created hyperechoic regions on diagnostic ultrasound images, and thus noninvasively verified that the target region was treated with the theranostic agents. This novel and innovative multifunctional theranostic platform may serve as a promising candidate for noninvasive imaging and treatment for site-specific diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Su
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Moumita Rakshit
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Prativa Das
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ipshita Gupta
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Dhiman Das
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - James Kwan
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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19
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Li Y, Chen Z, Ge S. Sonoporation: Underlying Mechanisms and Applications in Cellular Regulation. BIO INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound combined with microbubble-mediated sonoporation has been applied to enhance drug or gene intracellular delivery. Sonoporation leads to the formation of openings in the cell membrane, triggered by ultrasound-mediated oscillations and destruction of microbubbles. Multiple mechanisms
are involved in the occurrence of sonoporation, including ultrasonic parameters, microbubbles size, and the distance of microbubbles to cells. Recent advances are beginning to extend applications through the assistance of contrast agents, which allow ultrasound to connect directly to cellular
functions such as gene expression, cellular apoptosis, differentiation, and even epigenetic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art concerning microbubble‐cell interactions and sonoporation effects leading to cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuping Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, St Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Tower Health and Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA (S.G.)
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20
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Keller SB, Sheeran PS, Averkiou MA. Cavitation Therapy Monitoring of Commercial Microbubbles With a Clinical Scanner. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:1144-1154. [PMID: 33112743 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3034532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to monitor cavitation activity during ultrasound and microbubble-mediated procedures is of high clinical value. However, there has been little reported literature comparing the cavitation characteristics of different clinical microbubbles, nor have current clinical scanners been used to perform passive cavitation detection in real time. The goal of this work was to investigate and characterize standard microbubble formulations (Optison, Sonovue, Sonazoid, and a custom microbubble made with similar components as Definity) with a custom passive cavitation detector (two confocal single-element focused transducers) and with a Philips EPIQ scanner with a C5-1 curvilinear probe passively listening. We evaluated three different methods for investigating cavitation thresholds, two from previously reported work and one developed in this work. For all three techniques, it was observed that the inertial cavitation thresholds were between 0.1 and 0.3 MPa for all agents when detected with both systems. Notably, we found that most microbubble formulations in bulk solution behaved generally similarly, with some differences. We show that these characteristics and thresholds are maintained when using a diagnostic ultrasound system for detecting cavitation activity. We believe that a systematic evaluation of the frequency response of the cavitation activity of different microbubbles in order to inform real-time therapy monitoring using a clinical ultrasound device could make an immediate clinical impact.
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21
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Aguilar C, Serna-Jiménez J, Benitez E, Valencia V, Ochoa O, Sotelo LI. Influence of high power ultrasound on natural microflora, pathogen and lactic acid bacteria in a raw meat emulsion. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105415. [PMID: 33333392 PMCID: PMC7803822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Raw meat emulsions may have natural, spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms due to the origin and characteristics of this food matrix. All of these microorganisms must be minimized during industrial processing to make food consumption safe and meet quality regulations. Therefore, in this research, the effect of probe ultrasound on the inactivation of three kinds of microorganisms in a raw meat emulsion is evaluated. The microorganisms are: natural microflora NAM, Listeria monocytogenes LIS, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii LAC. A high-intensity probe ultrasound system was used, during 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 min, with pulsed waves of 0.0, 10, 20 and 30 seg, and 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 W of power. The interrelation between time, wave pulse cycle, and power factors was assessed. The results showed a positive linear independence effect in the treatments without wave pulse for each microorganism, and a quadratic interaction with the time and the ultrasound power for the inactivation of the three kinds of microorganisms. Besides, the desirability function for the inactivation reached up to 60% of the microbial population with the probe ultrasound treatment, with 10 min, a 7.56 s wave pulse and 400 W of power. Thus, these results could be useful to decide the incorporation of mild and emerging technologies in a meat industry line process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aguilar
- Agroindustrial Process Research Group, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente del Común, Autopista Norte Km 7, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - J Serna-Jiménez
- Agricultural and Agro-Business Sciences Faculty, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Carrera 27 #10-02 Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - E Benitez
- Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - V Valencia
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Cárnico, Industria de Alimentos Zenú S.A.S., Carrera 64C # 104 - 03, Medellín, Colombia
| | - O Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Cárnico, Industria de Alimentos Zenú S.A.S., Carrera 64C # 104 - 03, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L I Sotelo
- EICEA, Food, Process Management and Service Group Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente del Común, Autopista Norte Km 7, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
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22
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Li Y, Tan C, Yan B, Han T, Yu ACH, Qin P. Evaluation of the properties of daughter bubbles generated by inertial cavitation of preformed microbubbles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105400. [PMID: 33341072 PMCID: PMC7803680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inertial cavitation (IC) of the preformed microbubbles is being investigated for ultrasound imaging and therapeutic applications. However, microbubbles rupture during IC, creating smaller daughter bubbles (DBs), which may cause undesired bioeffects in the target region. Thus, it is important to determine the properties of DBs to achieve controllable cavitation activity for applications. In this study, we theoretically calculated the dissolution dynamics of sulfur hexafluoride bubbles. Then, we applied a 1-MHz single tone burst with different peak negative pressures (PNPs) and pulse lengths (PLs), and multiple 5-MHz tone bursts with fixed acoustic conditions to elicit IC of the preformed SonoVue microbubbles and scattering of DBs, respectively. After the IC and scattering signals were received by a 7.5-MHz transducer, time- and frequency-domain analysis was performed to obtain the IC dose and scattering intensity curve. The theoretical dissolution curves and measured scattering intensity curves were combined to determine the effect of the incident pulse parameters on the lifetime, mean radius and distribution range of DBs. Increased PNP reduced the lifetime and mean size of the DBs population and narrowed the size distribution. The proportion of small DBs (less than resonance size) increased from 36.83% to 85.98% with an increase in the PNP from 0.6 to 1.6 MPa. Moreover, increased PL caused a shift of the DB population to the smaller bubbles with shorter lifetime and narrower distribution. The proportion of small bubbles increased from 25.74% to 95.08% as the PL was increased from 5 to 100 µs. Finally, increased IC dose caused a smaller mean size, shorter lifetime and narrower distribution in the DB population. These results provide new insight into the relationship between the incident acoustic parameters and the properties of DBs, and a feasible strategy for achieving controllable cavitation activity in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Li
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunjie Tan
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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23
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Duan X, Zhou Q, Wan JMF, Yu ACH. Sonoporation generates downstream cellular impact after membrane resealing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5161. [PMID: 33664315 PMCID: PMC7933147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation via microbubble-mediated ultrasound exposure has shown potential in drug and gene delivery. However, there is a general lack of mechanistic knowledge on sonoporation-induced cellular impact after membrane resealing, and this issue has made it challenging to apply sonoporation efficiently in practice. Here, we present new evidence on how sonoporation, without endangering immediate cell viability, may disrupt downstream cellular hemostasis in ways that are distinguished from the bioeffects observed in other sonicated and unsonoporated cells. Sonoporation was realized on HL-60 leukemia cells by delivering pulsed ultrasound (1 MHz frequency, 0.50 MPa peak negative pressure; 10% duty cycle; 30 s exposure period; 29.1 J/cm2 acoustic energy density) in the presence of lipid-shelled microbubbles (1:1 cell-to-bubble ratio). Results showed that 54.6% of sonoporated cells, despite remaining initially viable, underwent apoptosis or necrosis at 24 h after sonoporation. Anti-proliferation behavior was also observed in sonoporated cells as their subpopulation size was reduced by 43.8% over 24 h. Preceding these cytotoxic events, the percentages of sonoporated cells in different cell cycle phases were found to be altered by 12 h after exposure. As well, for sonoporated cells, their expressions of cytoprotective genes in the heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) family were upregulated by at least 4.1 fold at 3 h after exposure. Taken altogether, these findings indicate that sonoporated cells attempted to restore homeostasis after membrane resealing, but many of them ultimately failed to recover. Such mechanistic knowledge should be taken into account to devise more efficient sonoporation-mediated therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Duan
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer M F Wan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Antitumor effect of VEGFR2-targeted microbubble destruction with gemcitabine using an endoscopic ultrasound probe: In vivo mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:478-485. [PMID: 32265136 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) induces cellular inflow of drugs at low intensity, while high intensity eradicates tumor vessels. Since vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), VEGFR2-targeted microbubble (MB) might additionally increase the tissue specificity of drugs and thus improve antitumor effects. In addition, fixing the dual pulse intensity could maximize MB properties. This study evaluated the one-off (experiment 1) and cumulative (experiment 2) treatment effect of UTMD by regulating the dual pulse output applied to PDAC using VEGFR2-targeted MB. METHODS C57BL/6 mice inoculated with Pan-02 cells were allocated to five groups: VEGFR2-targeted MB+ gemcitabine (GEM), VEGFR2-targeted MB, non-targeted MB+GEM, GEM, and control groups. After injection of GEM or GEM and either VEGFR2-targeted or non-targeted MB, UTMD was applied for several minutes at low intensity followed by high intensity application. In experiment 1, mice were treated by the protocol described above and then euthanized immediately or at the tumor diameter doubling time (TDT). In experiment 2, the same protocol was repeated weekly and mice were euthanized at TDT regardless of protocol completion. Histological analysis by CD31 and VEGFR2 staining provided microvascular density (MVD) and VEGFR2 expression along vessels (VEGFR2v) or intra/peripheral cells (VEGFR2c). RESULTS In experiment 1, TDT was significantly longer in the VEGFR2-targeted MB+GEM group compared to the non-targeted MB+GEM, GEM, and control groups, while the VEGFR2-targeted MB group showed no statistical significance. MVD and VEGFR2v in the immediate euthanasia was significantly lower in the VEGFR2-targeted MB+GEM and VEGFR2-targeted MB groups than other conditions. In experiment 2, the VEGFR2-targeted MB+GEM group produced significantly longer TDT than the GEM or control groups, whereas the VEGFR2-targeted MB group showed no significant difference. Histology revealed significantly reduced VEGFR2v and VEGFR2c in the VEGFR2-targeted and non-targeted MB+GEM groups, while only VEGFR2v was significantly less in the VEGFR2-targeted MB group. CONCLUSIONS UTMD-mediated GEM therapy with the dual pulse application using VEGFR2-targeted MB substantially suppresses PDCA growth.
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Song L, Constanthin PE, Sun T, Li X, Xia Z, An L, Li F. Long-term Production of Glycogen and Hepatic-Derived, Cell-Invasion-Promoting Chemokines by Ultrasound-Driven Hepatic-Differentiated Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Radiat Res 2020; 193:394-405. [PMID: 32126187 DOI: 10.1667/rr15421.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The current treatment for liver failure is restricted to surgical liver transplantation, which is technically complicated, limited by the shortage of available organs and presents major risks to the patient. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) represent promising sources of hepatocyte-like cells for cell transplantation treatment. However, a safe and efficient induction method for their differentiation remains to be defined. Here we further optimized an effective technique by combining high-dose treatment with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and ultrasound stimulation. The optimized ultrasound parameter (1.0 W/cm2 intensity, 1 MHz frequency, 20% duty cycle, 100 Hz pulse repetition frequency, 60-s irradiation duration, triple times in three days) combined with different HGF doses (10, 20 and 50 ng/ml) was used to treat BMSCs. The results showed that the specific hepatic markers, including α-fetoprotein (αFP/AFP), cytokeratin 18 (CK18), albumin (ALB) and glycogen, were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Their concentration was then further increased when ultrasound irradiation was administered (P < 0.05), as indicated by PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining as well as a glycogen synthesis test. Furthermore, analysis of the hepatocyte-derived chemokines showed elevated stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1α) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) after HGF treatment. Again, concentrations of those chemokines were further increased by ultrasound radiation (P < 0.05). The observed increased effect was sustained for 21 days. To summarize, we further defined the optimal combination of HGF and ultrasound treatment to increase the differentiation and chemotaxis of BMSCs in a safe, sustained and efficient manner. These findings provide a new perspective for stem cell orientation in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Paul E Constanthin
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland.,Neurosurgery Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhen Xia
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lijia An
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
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Duan L, Yang L, Jin J, Yang F, Liu D, Hu K, Wang Q, Yue Y, Gu N. Micro/nano-bubble-assisted ultrasound to enhance the EPR effect and potential theranostic applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:462-483. [PMID: 31903132 PMCID: PMC6929974 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery for tumor theranostics involves the extensive use of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Previously, various types of nanomedicines have been demonstrated to accumulate in solid tumors via the EPR effect. However, EPR is a highly variable phenomenon because of tumor heterogeneity, resulting in low drug delivery efficacy in clinical trials. Because ultrasonication using micro/nanobubbles as contrast agents can disrupt blood vessels and enhance the specific delivery of drugs, it is an effective approach to improve the EPR effect for the passive targeting of tumors. In this review, the basic thermal effect, acoustic streaming, and cavitation mechanisms of ultrasound, which are characteristics that can be utilized to enhance the EPR effect, are briefly introduced. Second, micro/nanobubble-enhanced ultrasound imaging is discussed to understand the validity and variability of the EPR effect. Third, because the tumor microenvironment is complicated owing to elevated interstitial fluid pressure and the deregulated extracellular matrix components, which may be unfavorable for the EPR effect, few new trends in smart bubble drug delivery systems, which may improve the accuracy of EPR-mediated passive drug targeting, are summarized. Finally, the challenging and major concerns that should be considered in the next generation of micro/nanobubble-contrast-enhanced ultrasound theranostics for EPR-mediated passive drug targeting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, P. R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Qinxin Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Yue
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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Silvani G, Scognamiglio C, Caprini D, Marino L, Chinappi M, Sinibaldi G, Peruzzi G, Kiani MF, Casciola CM. Reversible Cavitation-Induced Junctional Opening in an Artificial Endothelial Layer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1905375. [PMID: 31762158 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeting pharmaceuticals through the endothelial barrier is crucial for drug delivery. In this context, cavitation-assisted permeation shows promise for effective and reversible opening of intercellular junctions. A vessel-on-a-chip is exploited to investigate and quantify the effect of ultrasound-excited microbubbles-stable cavitation-on endothelial integrity. In the vessel-on-a-chip, the endothelial cells form a complete lumen under physiological shear stress, resulting in intercellular junctions that exhibit barrier functionality. Immunofluorescence microscopy is exploited to monitor vascular integrity following vascular endothelial cadherin staining. It is shown that microbubbles amplify the ultrasound effect, leading to the formation of interendothelial gaps that cause barrier permeabilization. The total gap area significantly increases with pressure amplitude compared to the control. Gap opening is fully reversible with gap area distribution returning to the control levels 45 min after insonication. The proposed integrated platform allows for precise and repeatable in vitro measurements of cavitation-enhanced endothelium permeability and shows potential for validating irradiation protocols for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Silvani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Scognamiglio
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Caprini
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Marino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Chinappi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sinibaldi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad F Kiani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Carlo M Casciola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
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