1
|
Zhao H, He X, Lv Y, Xu Y, Yi S, Li J, Li X. Thermal aggregation behavior of silver carp myofibrillar protein at low salt content: Effect of oat β-glucan combined with ultrasound-assisted heating. Food Chem 2024; 455:139903. [PMID: 38824733 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The effects of oat β-glucan (OG) combined with ultrasound-assisted treatment on thermal aggregation behavior of silver carp myofibrillar protein (MP) under low salt concentration were investigated. The particle size and turbidity of MP were increased to higher levels by OG participation or ultrasound treatment during the two-stage heating. Both OG and ultrasonic treatment promoted the unfolding of MP structure, evidenced by the gradual decrease of α-helix content and fluorescence intensity, as well as the increase of β-sheet content, surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl content. Compared to solely OG or ultrasonic treatment, the combination of OG and ultrasound further promoted the unfolding of MP and more sulfhydryl groups were exposed in the pre-heating stage, which was conducive to strengthen the chemical forces between MP molecules. Additionally, AFM analysis revealed that the apparent morphology of the OG combined with ultrasonic treated group exhibited a smoother surface and a more uniform distribution of aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Xueli He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Yanan Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Yongxia Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China.
| | - Shumin Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng P, Teng S, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Liao B, Ren X, Zhang Y. Effects of basic amino acids on heterocyclic amines and quality characteristics of fried beef patties at low NaCl level. Meat Sci 2024; 215:109541. [PMID: 38776591 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The impact of basic amino acids (Lysine, Arginine, Histidine) on the formation of total heterocyclic amines (HAs) was investigated in fried beef patties at 1% NaCl level. Different levels of basic amino acids (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%) significantly inhibited the formation of the total and individual HAs at 1% NaCl, and the inhibitory effect was more effective than 3% NaCl (6.19 ng/g, 26.93% inhibition) (P < 0.05). Lys at 1% reduced total HAs the most (2.46 ng/g, 70.88% inhibition), followed by 1% His (2.79 ng/g, 67.03% inhibition) and 1% Arg (3.43 ng/g, 59.51% inhibition). Compared to the 3% NaCl, the quality characteristics (moisture content, frying loss, texture profile, and color) of the fried beef patties were significantly improved when basic amino acids were added at 1% NaCl (P < 0.05). The lipid oxidation of fried beef patties was significantly inhibited by 1% Arg and 1% Lys at 1% NaCl level (P < 0.05). The results indicated that basic amino acids could inhibit the formation of total HAs while maintaining the quality of meat products at low NaCl condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Boqun Liao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaopu Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Luo N, Guo C, Luo J, Wei J, Zhang N, Yin X, Feng X, Wang X, Cao J. Current trends and perspectives on salty and salt taste-enhancing peptides: A focus on preparation, evaluation and perception mechanisms of salt taste. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114593. [PMID: 38945609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Long-term excessive intake of sodium negatively impacts human health. Effective strategies to reduce sodium content in foods include the use of salty and salt taste-enhancing peptides, which can reduce sodium intake without compromising the flavor or salt taste. Salty and salt taste-enhancing peptides naturally exist in various foods and predominantly manifest as short-chain peptides consisting of < 10 amino acids. These peptides are primarily produced through chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis methods, purified, and identified using ultrafiltration + gel filtration chromatography + liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This study reviews the latest developments in these purification and identification technologies, and discusses methods to evaluate their effectiveness in saltiness perception. Additionally, the study explores four biological channels potentially involved in saltiness perception (epithelial sodium channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), and transmembrane channel-like 4 (TMC4)), with the latter three primarily functioning under high sodium levels. Among the channels, salty taste-enhancing peptides, such as γ-glutamyl peptides, may co-activate the CaSR channel with calcium ions to participate in saltiness perception. Salty taste-enhancing peptides with negatively charged amino acid side chains or terminal groups may replace chloride ions and activate the TMC4 channel, contributing to saltiness perception. Finally, the study discusses the feasibility of using these peptides from the perspectives of food material constraints, processing adaptability, multifunctional application, and cross-modal interaction while emphasizing the importance of utilizing computational technology. This review provides a reference for advancing the development and application of salty and salt-enhancing peptides as sodium substitutes in low-sodium food formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Green Food Processing, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Na Luo
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Green Food Processing, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Chaofan Guo
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Green Food Processing, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Junhua Luo
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Green Food Processing, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Jianping Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, PR China
| | - Nianwen Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Green Food Processing, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Green Food Processing, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Xianchao Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Green Food Processing, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Green Food Processing, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang SS, Li Q, Wang T, Huang YT, Guo YL, Meng XR. Utilizing ultrasound combined with quinoa protein to improve the texture and rheological properties of Chinese style reduced-salt pork meatballs (lion's head). ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 109:106997. [PMID: 39032370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound treatment times (30 min and 60 min) and levels of quinoa protein (QPE) addition (1 % and 2 %) on the quality of Chinese style reduced-salt pork meatballs, commonly known as lion's head. The water-holding capacity (WHC), gel and rheology characteristics, and protein conformation were assessed. The results indicated that extending the ultrasound treatment time and elevating the quinoa protein content caused conspicuous improvements (P<0.05) in the cooking yield, WHC, textural characteristics, color difference, and salt-soluble protein (SSP) solubility of the meatballs. Furthermore, the structural alterations induced by the ultrasound treatment combined with quinoa protein addition included enhancement in β-sheet, β-turn, and random coil structure contents, along with a red-shift in the intrinsic fluorescence peak. Additionally, the storage (G') and loss modulus (G'') of the raw meatballs significantly enhanced (P<0.05), indicating a denser gel structure in parallel with the microstructure. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that ultrasound combined with quinoa protein enhanced the WHC and texture properties of Chinese style reduced-salt pork meatballs by improving SSP solubility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Song Jiang
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China.
| | - Qian Li
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China
| | - Yu-Tong Huang
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China
| | - Yun-Long Guo
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ren Meng
- College of Tourism and Culinary Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Cuisine Intangible Cultural Heritage Technology Inheritance, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Xiong S, Yin T, Liu R, Rahman Z, Tang C, Hong H, You J. Uncovering the freezing energy release of salted grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) flesh: Effects of water state and protein structure on the thermal properties. Food Chem 2024; 460:140349. [PMID: 39032297 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The effect of NaCl content on the protein structures, water status and thermal properties of grass carp flesh, along with its relationship with energy required for freezing was investigated to improve the quality of frozen flesh and to reduce energy consumption for freezing. Adding salt prompted the shifting of the secondary structure of α-helix to β-sheet, β-turn and random coil. The interaction between water molecules and hydrophilic groups in the unfolded protein structure increased nonfreezing water content, which decreased specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity of sample during freezing. The lowest energy required (235.69 kJ/kg) for freezing was found in 7% NaCl salted sample, indicating a 38.39% reduction compared to the unsalted sample. Few pores between muscle fibers were observed in the 3% and 5% NaCl salted sample. Therefore, an optimal salt concentration improved quality of frozen flesh and reduced the energy required for freezing, promoting energy-efficient freezing of aquatic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University/National R and D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University/National R and D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Tao Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University/National R and D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Ru Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University/National R and D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University/National R and D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Cuie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Juan You
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University/National R and D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie Y, Zhao K, Yang F, Shu W, Ma J, Huang Y, Cao X, Liu Q, Yuan Y. Modification of myofibrillar protein structural characteristics: Effect of ultrasound-assisted first-stage thermal treatment on unwashed Silver Carp surimi gel. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 107:106911. [PMID: 38761771 PMCID: PMC11127271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The hardness properties of unwashed surimi gel are considered as the qualities of gelation defect. This research investigated the effect of ultrasound-assisted first-stage thermal treatment (UATT) on the physicochemical properties of unwashed Silver Carp surimi gel, and the enhancement mechanism. UATT could reduce protein particle size, which significantly reduced from 142.22 μm to 106.70 μm after 30 min of UATT compared with the nature protein. This phenomenon can promote the protein crosslinking, resulting in the hardness of surimi gel increased by 15.08 %. Partially unfolded structure of myofibrillar protein and exposures of tryptophan to water, lead to the increase in the zeta potential absolute value, driven by UATT. The reduced SH group level and the conformational conversion of proteins from random coiling to α-helix and β-sheet, which was in support of intermolecular interaction and gel network construction. The results are valuable for processing protein gels and other food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kangyu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Junkun Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Yizhen Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjun Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu B, Wu Y, Liang QY, Zheng H. Effects of high-intensity ultrasound on physicochemical and gel properties of myofibrillar proteins from the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians). ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 107:106935. [PMID: 38850642 PMCID: PMC11214343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Myofibrillar proteins (MPs) have a notable impact on the firmness and flexibility of gel-based products. Therefore, enhancing the gelation and emulsification properties of scallop MPs is of paramount significance for producing high-quality scallop surimi products. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-intensity ultrasound on the physicochemical and gelation properties of MPs from bay scallops (Argopecten irradians). The carbonyl content of MPs significantly increased with an increase in ultrasound power (150, 350, and 550 W), indicating ultrasound-induced MP oxidation. Meanwhile, high-intensity ultrasound treatment (550 W) enhanced the emulsifying capacity and the short-term stability of MPs (up to 72.05 m2/g and 153.05 min, respectively). As the ultrasound power increased, the disulfide bond content and surface hydrophobicity of MPs exhibited a notable increase, indicating conformational changes in MPs. Moreover, in the secondary structure of MPs, the α-helix content significantly decreased, whereas the β-sheet content increased, thereby suggesting the ultrasound-induced stretching and flexibility of MP molecules. Sodium-dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and scanning electron microscopy analysis further elucidated that high-intensity ultrasound induced MP oxidation, leading to modification of amino acid side chains, intra- and intermolecular cross-linking, and MP aggregation. Consequently, high-intensity ultrasound treatment was found to augment the viscoelasticity, gel strength, and water-holding capacity of MP gels, because ultrasound treatment facilitated the formation of a stable network structure in protein gels. Thus, this study offers theoretical insights into the functional modification of bay scallop MPs and the processing of its surimi products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Yuan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Liang
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang Q, Jiang X, Zhang X, Sun T, Lv Y, Bai Z, Shi W. Ultrasonic treatment enhanced the binding capacity of volatile aldehydes and pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) muscle: Investigation of underlying mechanisms. Food Chem 2024; 444:138630. [PMID: 38335681 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This study was aim to investigate the influencing mechanism of ultrasonic treatment on the interaction between volatile aldehydes and myosin. The results showed that when the mass concentration ratio of myosin to heptanal/hexanal was 1:0.3, ultrasonic treatment could enhance the binding capacity of myosin to heptanal/hexanal, especially the binding of myosin to hexanal. The entropy and enthalpy values of their interaction were negative, indicating that the interaction was mainly driven by hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. After ultrasonic treatment, the fluorescence wavelength of myosin-heptanal/hexanal complex was redshifted, the α-helix content was increased, while its roughness values, particle size and the polydispersity index were decreased. These demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment was conducive to myosin binding to heptanal/hexanal, thereby restraining the release of volatile flavor compounds from myosin, which could provide new insights for the regulation of volatile flavor compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tongtong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yanfang Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Zhiyi Bai
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenzheng Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan X, Xie M, Hu Z, Li J, Zheng H, Xie N, Zhen Z. Optimizing preparation of low-NaCl protein gels from goose meat and understanding synergistic effects of pH/NaCl in improving gel characteristics. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101333. [PMID: 38595756 PMCID: PMC11002545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of partially substituting NaCl with MgCl2 in preparing gel products from goose meat. Furthermore, the effects of synergistic interaction between different pH levels and NaCl concentrations on the structure and characteristics of the gels were explored by analyzing their secondary structure, microstructure, and water-distribution properties. The results showed that NaCl could be partially substituted by MgCl2, with the optimal preparation conditions: NaCl (0.83 mol/L), pH (7.3), MgCl2 (0.04 mol/L), heating temperature (79 °C), heating time (20 min), and solid-liquid ratio (1:3). Furthermore, the pH had a more significant impact on the gels' structure and characteristics than did NaCl concentration. Thus, our optimized method can reduce the usage of NaCl in the gel products while at the same time improving the characteristics of gel products under low-NaCl conditions by lowering pH, laying a solid theoretical foundation for producing low-NaCl protein gel products from goose meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yan
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Mingpeng Xie
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Zhonghai Hu
- Lu'an Longxiang Gourmet Poultry Co., Ltd., Lu'an 237400, China
| | - Jingjun Li
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Haibo Zheng
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Ningning Xie
- Institute of Agro-product Science and Technology, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Functional Microorganisms and Fermented Foods, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zongyuan Zhen
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- The Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta (iFAST), Chuzhou 239000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Chuzhou 233100, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abbas MS, Xia L, Li Q, Lu Y, Liu S, Lin L, Lu J. Enhancing the Quality of Low-Salt Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Surimi Gel Using Psyllium Husk Powder: An Orthogonal Experimental Approach. Gels 2024; 10:247. [PMID: 38667666 PMCID: PMC11049333 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-salt surimi production is crucial as it addresses health concerns related to sodium intake while maintaining the quality and shelf-life of seafood products. This research focused on optimizing the gelation conditions for silver carp surimi with the addition of psyllium husk powder at low salt concentrations (0.5% and 1%, w/w) to investigate the effects of psyllium husk powder concentration, temperature, and time on gel strength and water-holding capacity. The quality was assessed in terms of gel strength and water-holding capacity. Following a single-factor exploration, a three-level orthogonal experiment was designed to evaluate the influence of these three variables using a combined scoring system. Results indicated that psyllium husk powder levels between 0.1% and 0.3% (w/w) enhanced gel strength and water-holding capacity. The optimal conditions were identified as follows: 1% (w/w) NaCl with 0.2% (w/w) psyllium husk powder for 2.5 h at 35 °C, and 0.5% (w/w) NaCl with 0.3% (w/w) psyllium husk powder for 3 h at 35 °C. Texture profile analysis revealed that psyllium husk powder increased the hardness of the surimi gel, promoting myosin cross-linking and denser gel structure. Compared to traditional surimi gel, which relies on ionic bonds, the optimized gel showed higher levels of disulfide cross-linking and enhanced hydrophobic interactions, resulting in a stronger gel structure. Sensory evaluation suggested that surimi gels with psyllium husk powder were perceived as better than those without psyllium husk powder. The study concludes that selecting the appropriate psyllium husk powder quantity and thermal processing conditions based on salt concentration can significantly improve the quality of low-salt surimi gels. Error analysis using one-way ANOVA was performed on all experimental data and (p < 0.05) indicated the significant difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safeer Abbas
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.A.); (L.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Lizhi Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.A.); (L.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.A.); (L.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Yufeng Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.A.); (L.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Songkun Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.A.); (L.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.A.); (L.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, MOE, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.A.); (L.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.); (L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, MOE, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu W, McClements DJ, Jin Z, Chen L. Design of colloid structure to realize gel salt reduction: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38560993 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2331565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of salt is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and other health issues. However, it is challenging to find appropriate strategies that balance sensory qualities while achieving sodium reduction as salt plays a crucial role in providing desired appearance, texture, and taste. The impact of hydrocolloid properties (addition and type) on saltiness perception were reviewed. Additionally, considering the interactions between food components, both covalent and noncovalent, we propose designing specialized colloidal structures capable of binding sodium ions to enhance salt-taste perception. The effects of hydrocolloids on the physicochemical, structural, and sensory qualities of gel foods are then discussed. Finally, by addressing current issues with low-salt foods and consumer demands, we provide a future outlook for low-salt food development. The selection of suitable hydrocolloids and precise control of the addition are crucial considerations for achieving salt reduction. The interaction between hydrocolloids and other food components can be utilized to design specialized colloidal structures, thereby accomplishing gel-based salt reduction and enhancing properties. This review serves as a theoretical reference for developing healthy, nutritious, and flavorful low-salt foods that can aid in the prevention and mitigation of diseases associated with excessive salt consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenmeng Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Zhengyu Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu M, Zhang C, Chen B, Ai C, Chen L, Teng H. Improvement of gelation properties of Penaeus vannamei surimi by magnetic field-assisted freezing in combination with curdlan. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128323. [PMID: 38000599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods of freezing and thawing may harm the quality of meat products. In order to reduce the negative impact of freezing on surimi products, the magnetic field-assisted freezing method is combined with various curdlan ratios to enhance the gelation characteristics of Penaeus vannamei surimi in this study. The results showed that the magnetic field-assisted freezing technique significantly improved the quality of thawed surimi compared with soaking freezing (SF), whereas the addition of curdlan further improved the gelation properties, and the gel strength, water-holding capacity, textural properties, whiteness, and G' value were significantly improved when its content was increased to 0.6 %. However, excessive amounts of curdlan interfered with protein covalent cross-linking, leading to a decrease in gel quality. Additionally, the addition of magnetic field and curdlan encouraged the shift of the α-helix to the random coil and β-sheet transition, which stimulated the growth of myofibril molecules, exposed the hydrophobic groups and thiols, improved protein-molecule interactions, and promoted systematic gathering of proteins, leading to the formation of the microstructure of dense and small pores. It also resulted in a drop in water release, an increase in the proton density and a shift in the water condition from free water to more immobile water, which had higher sensory qualities. These effects together resulted in a reduction in thawing and cooking loss to 11.41 % and 13.83 %, respectively. These results also help to clarify the gelation process of shrimp surimi and help to regulate the gelation characteristics of shrimp surimi products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Boyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chao Ai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Hunan GaoGe Dairy Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang Q, Wang L, Gao P, Yu P, Yang F, Yu D, Chen H, Xia W. Study on the effect and mechanism of chicken breast on the gel properties of silver carp (Hypophthalmichtys molitrix) surimi. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1132-1142. [PMID: 37737024 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adding appropriate exogenous substances is an effective means to improve the quality of freshwater fish surimi. The present study investigated the effects of chicken breast on the gel properties of mixed minced meat products. RESULTS With the increase in the proportion of chicken breast, the breaking force of mixed gels gradually increased. When the addition ratio was 30:70, the gel strength of mixed gels had the highest strength of 759.00 g cm-1 and also the highest water holding capacity of 87.36%. Compared with surimi gels (0:100), the hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness of mixed gels were significantly improved. The increase in the proportion of chicken breast increased the thermal stability of the mixed sol and improved the rheological properties of the mixed sol. When the proportion was 40:60, the area of immobile water (A22 ) in the mixed gel increased significantly, and the highest A22 was 3463.24. The hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds in the mixed gel were significantly increased as a result of the addition of chicken breast. The results of microstructure, electrophoresis and Raman spectroscopy indicated that the addition of chicken breast promoted the cross-linking of the proteins in mixed gels, which facilitated the transformation of the protein secondary structure from α-helical to β-folded structure, thus forming a more uniform and orderly network structure. CONCLUSION These results suggest that improving the gel properties of silver carp surimi by use of chicken breast has practical implications for the development of new blended products for surimi processing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Wuxi, China
| | - Lishi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Wuxi, China
| | - Pei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Wuxi, China
| | - Peipei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Wuxi, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Wuxi, China
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang P, Chen S, Fang X, Wu J. Recent advance in modification strategies and applications of soy protein gel properties. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13276. [PMID: 38284605 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Soy protein gel can be developed into a variety of products, ranging from traditional food (e.g., tofu) to newly developed food (e.g., soy yogurt and meat analog). So far, efforts are still needed to be made on modifying the gel properties of soy protein for improving its sensory properties as animal protein-based food substitutes. Furthermore, there is always a need to regulate its gel properties for designing novel and tailored products of soy protein gels due to the fast-growing plant protein-based product market. This review gave an emphasis on the latest modification strategies and applications of gel properties of soy protein. The modifying methods of soy protein gel properties were reviewed from an aspect of composition or processing. Compositional modification included changing protein composition and gelling conditions and using additives, whereas processing strategies can be achieved through physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments. Several compositional modification and processing strategies have been both proven to alter the gel properties of soy protein effectively. So far, soy protein gel has been applied in the field of food and biomedicine. In the future, more mechanistic studies on the modification methods are still needed to facilitate the full application of soy protein gel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Liang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Pan H, Jiang X, Shi W. Study on the mechanism of soy protein isolate to improve quality of reduced-salt Hypophthalmichthys molitrix surimi gel: Focus on gel quality, protein structure, and in vitro digestibility. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100878. [PMID: 37753325 PMCID: PMC10518566 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive intake of sodium chloride may bring a series of diseases; as a result, reduced-salt surimi gels have gained growing popularity for sodium reduction. This paper studied soy protein isolate (SPI, 2.0%, 4.0%, and 6.0%, w/w) as a gel enhancer for reduced-salt silver carp surimi. Compared with the control (2.0% NaCl), the addition of SPI significantly increased (P < 0.05) the total SH content, hydrophobic interaction force, disulfide bond, hardness, gel strength, and water-holding capacity of the gels. During the thermal denaturation process, SPI and myofibrillar protein jointly participated in the formation of the gel network, resulting in a G' value increase at 90 °C, forming a denser/more stable gel network structure. In vitro pepsin digestion results showed the digestibility of the reduced-salt gel with SPI was higher than that of the control. Therefore, appropriate SPI addition can improve the gel performance of reduced-salt surimi gel without affecting digestion and absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hao Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenzheng Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xue Q, Xue C, Luan D, Wang Y, Wen Y, Bi S, Xu L, Jiang X. Unlocking the Potential of Microwave Sterilization Technology in Ready-to-Eat Imitation Crab Meat Production. Foods 2023; 12:4412. [PMID: 38137216 PMCID: PMC10743175 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave sterilization is a novel potential sterilization technology to improve food quality. An industrial microwave sterilization system was used to sterilize imitation crab meat under thermal processing intensity F0 = 1, 2, 3. The characteristics of the microwave process, such as heating rate, processing time, and C100, were calculated. In addition, the quality of processed imitation crab meat was investigated. Compared with the conventional retort method, microwave sterilization significantly shortened the processing time of imitation crab meat by 63.71% to 72.45%. Under the same thermal processing intensity, microwave sterilization has demonstrated better results than retort sterilization in terms of water-holding capacity, color, and texture. Furthermore, microwave-treated imitation crab meat ingredients had a greater capacity to bind water molecules and obtained a more appropriate secondary protein structure. In addition, microwave technology can better preserve the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) of imitation crab meat, which are 9.14%, 1.19%, and 0.32% higher than the traditional method at F0 = 1, 2, 3. The results would provide useful data for the subsequent research and development of ready-to-eat surimi products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xue
- Food Science & Human Health Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.X.); (Y.W.); (X.J.)
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- Food Science & Human Health Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.X.); (Y.W.); (X.J.)
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Donglei Luan
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Yajing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Yunqi Wen
- Food Science & Human Health Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.X.); (Y.W.); (X.J.)
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shijie Bi
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Lili Xu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Food Science & Human Health Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Q.X.); (Y.W.); (X.J.)
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Bioresources for Nutrition & Health Innovation, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma L, Xu J, Yu Y, Wang D, Yu M, Zhang X, Yang X, Xu X. Effect of high-intensity ultrasound on the structural and functional properties of proteins in housefly larvae (Musca demestica). ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106673. [PMID: 37931343 PMCID: PMC10654224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Insect protein has gradually attracted wide attention from the international research community as a promising source of high-quality protein that can replace traditional protein sources. The larvae of the housefly, a prevalent and widespread species, contain high levels of protein with beneficial properties, namely, anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, and anti-aging functions, as well as liver protection and immunity enhancement. This work thoroughly examined the impact of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) on the structural and functional characteristics of housefly larval concentrate protein (HLCP). HLCP samples were sonicated for 20 min at a frequency of 20 kHz with varying energies (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 W). The findings demonstrated that sonication considerably altered the secondary and tertiary structures of HLCP but had no effect on molecular weight. With an increase in ultrasonic power, HLCP's particle size shrank, more hydrophobic groups were exposed, more free sulfhydryl groups were present, the solution's stability improved, and HLCP's solubility rose. In addition, HLCP's emulsification and foaming abilities were improved by HIUS treatment. It is anticipated that this study's findings will offer fresh insights into the implementation of HLCP in the food sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longkai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jinzhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yansong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Danping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xuyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie Y, Yang F, Zhao K, Zhang W, Liu Q, Yuan Y. Regulation of Protein Flexibility and Promoting the Cod Protein Gel Formation Using Ultrasound Treatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18601-18612. [PMID: 37967368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain a soft-textured protein gel suitable for the elderly, the cod protein gel was prepared by improving the protein flexibility under ultrasound treatment. It has been found that the increase in ultrasonic power, protein flexibility, particle size, ζ-potential, surface hydrophobicity, and α-helix content of preheated cod protein exhibited an increasing trend. The improvement of protein flexibility promoted uniformity and density of the gel network, water retention, and texture properties. The flexibility of preheated cod protein increased to 0.189, the water holding capacity of the gel reached up to 99.41%, and the hardness increased to 49.12 g, as the ultrasonic power level increased to 400 W. Protein flexibility was correlated well with the cohesiveness of the gel. The storage modulus (G') initially decreased and then increased during the heating-cooling process. The attractive forces forming between the flexible protein molecules during cooling in the ultrasound treatment groups promoted protein self-assembly aggregation and formed the cod protein gel. The gel obtained at 100-400 W could be categorized as Level 6─soft and bite-sized according to the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) framework, indicating that the cod protein gel has potential as an easy-to-swallow diet for the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangyu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjun Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zeng X, Cui B, Zhou B, Liang H, Wu D, Li J, Li B. Effect of Ultrasound and Salt on Structural and Physical Properties of Sodium Alginate/Soy Protein Isolates Composite Fiber. Foods 2023; 12:4275. [PMID: 38231732 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in advancing plant-based or cultured meat substitutes as environmentally and ethically superior alternatives to traditional animal-derived meat. In pursuit of simulating the authentic meat structure, a composite fiber composed primarily of soy protein isolates (SPIs) was fashioned, employing a fiber-based plant-based analog meat construct. To refine the spinning process and enhance fiber quality, we employed ultrasound treatment, a physical modification technique, to scrutinize its influence on SPI protein structure. This inquiry extended to the examination of the interplay between sodium alginate (SA) and SPI, as well as the impact of salt ions on the SA and ultrasound soy protein isolates (USPI) interaction. A comprehensive exploration encompassing ultrasound treatments and salt concentrations within the composite solution, along with their repercussions on composite fiber characterization, with a rise in negative zeta potential value, states the ultrasound treatment fosters protein aggregation. Moreover, the introduction of salt augments protein aggregation as salt content escalates, ultimately resulting in a reduced structural viscosity index and improved spinnability. The presence of Ca2+ ions during the coagulation process leads to interactions with SA. The involvement of ultrasound prompts the exposure of hydrophilic amino acid segments in the protein to water, leading to the development of a more porous structure. Solely under the influence of ultrasound, the fiber exhibits 5% higher water-holding capacity and superior mechanical properties while maintaining comparable thermal stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bing Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Hongshan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang C, Lu M, Ai C, Cao H, Xiao J, Imran M, Chen L, Teng H. Ultrasonic treatment combined with curdlan improves the gelation properties of low-salt Nemipterus virgatus surimi. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125899. [PMID: 37479203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the gel properties of ultrasonic alone, curdlan treatment alone, and the combination of both at low-salt surimi levels were investigated, mainly in terms of textural properties, water holding capacity, water distribution, dynamic rheology, protein secondary structure, microstructure and correlation analysis. The results showed that the springiness, gel strength, water holding capacity and energy storage modulus (G') of the low-salt surimi gels without ultrasonic or curdlan treatment were lower than those of the high-salt concentration surimi gels. Compared with the 1 % low-salt group, the ultrasonic treatment combination with curdlan resulted in a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the texture, water holding capacity and energy storage modulus (G') of the low-salt surimi at the same salt concentration. The gel strength increased significantly from 3386.360 g·mm to 5457.203 g·mm, but there was no significant improvement in whiteness (p > 0.05). In addition, ultrasonic treatment combined with curdlan promoted the shift of the α-helix to the random coil and the β-turn angle shift, thus exposing the internal groups, enhancing protein intermolecular interactions, and promoting the orderly aggregation of proteins, resulting in a microstructure of dense, and obtained the lowest porosity of 14.534 %. The present study might be necessary for promoting the high-value use of aquatic surimi products and the development of low-salt foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Minxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chao Ai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mahmood N, Muhoza B, Huang Y, Munir Z, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li Y. Effects of emerging food pretreatment and drying techniques on protein structures, functional and nutritional properties: An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37377348 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2212302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein is one of the most important components of food which significantly contributes to the structure, functionality, and sensory properties which may affect consumer acceptability of processed products. Conventional thermal processing affects protein structure and induce undesirable degradation of food quality. This review provides an overview of emerging pretreatment and drying technologies (plasma treatment, ultrasound treatment, electrohydrodynamic, radio frequency, microwave, and superheated steam drying) in food processing by assessing protein structural changes to enhance functional and nutritional properties. In addition, mechanisms and principles of these modern technologies are described while challenges and opportunities for the development of these techniques in the drying process are also critically analyzed. Plasma discharges can lead to oxidative reactions and cross-linking of proteins that can change the structure of proteins. Microwave heating contributes to the occurrence of isopeptide or disulfide bonds which promotes α-helix and β-turn formation. These emerging technologies can be adopted to improve protein surface by exposing more hydrophobic groups which restrict water interaction. It is expected that these innovative processing technologies should become a preferred choice in the food industry for better food quality. Moreover, there are some limitations for industrial scale application of these emerging technologies that need to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Mahmood
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bertrand Muhoza
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyang Huang
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Zeeshan Munir
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
He X, Zhao H, Xu Y, Yi S, Li J, Li X. Synergistic effects of oat β-glucan combined with ultrasound treatment on gel properties of silver carp surimi. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106406. [PMID: 37088028 PMCID: PMC10457573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of oat β-glucan (OG) combined with ultrasound treatment on the gelation properties of silver carp surimi with different salt contents was investigated. The results demonstrated that the gelation properties of surimi gels at high salt concentration were superior than those at low salt level. The addition of OG or ultrasound treatment could significantly enhance the texture properties, gel strength and water holding capacity (WHC) of gel samples, regardless of salt contents. The ultrasound treatment improved the whiteness of surimi gels, whereas the OG addition slightly declined the whiteness. Both OG addition and ultrasound treatment markedly reduced the total sulfhydryl content (total SH) and strengthened the hydrophobic interactions, forming the more uniform and denser gel network structures, hence more water was captured in network structures and became immobilized. Moreover, the combined treatment of OG and ultrasound showed synergic action on the gelation properties of surimi, and the gel strength and WHC of low-salt surimi gel treated by the combination of OG and ultrasound were even superior than that of high-salt gel without OG by traditional heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Honglei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Yongxia Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China.
| | - Shumin Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo N, Ye S, Zhou G, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Xu J, Pan S, Zhu G, Wang Z. Effect of ultrasound treatment on interactions of whey protein isolate with rutin. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106387. [PMID: 37030074 PMCID: PMC10119954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rutin is a biologically active polyphenol, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its application to the food industry. We investigated the effect of ultrasound treatment on the properties of rutin (R) and whey protein isolate (WPI) using spectral and physicochemical analysis. The results revealed that there was covalent interaction between whey protein isolate with rutin, and the binding degree of whey isolate protein with rutin increased with ultrasound treatment. Additionally, solubility and surface hydrophobicity of WPI-R complex improved with ultrasonic treatment, and a maximum solubility of 81.9 % at 300 W ultrasonic power. The ultrasound treatment caused the complex to develop a more ordered secondary structure, resulting in a three-dimensional network structure with small and uniform pore sizes. This research could provide a theoretical reference for studying protein-polyphenol interactions and their applications in food delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Department of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China.
| | - Shuang Ye
- Department of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Ganghua Zhou
- Department of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Fangyan Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Shenyu Pan
- Department of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| | - Guilan Zhu
- Department of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China.
| | - Ziying Wang
- Department of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
| |
Collapse
|