1
|
Albeitawi S, Hamadneh J, Alnatsheh M, Soudah O, Marar EA, Ayasrah L, Alawneh M, Husban R, Alshraideh R, Qablan H. Effect of dual tobacco smoking of hookah and cigarettes on semen parameters of infertile men. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-141. [PMID: 39105165 PMCID: PMC11299236 DOI: 10.18332/tid/191405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The research regarding the effect of hookah smoking on health is still deficient, even though it has been proven to jeopardize human health by raising the hazard of different types of cancers, infections, and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to study the effect of dual tobacco smoking (hookah and cigarettes) on semen parameters of infertile men. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we studied the effect of different types of smoking patterns on human semen parameters among men who visited IVF laboratories to do a seminal fluid analysis (SFA). A total number of 761 participants were included, divided into the following: 108 dual smokers, 219 hookah smokers, 222 cigarette smokers, and 212 non-smokers. To analyze the effect of dual smoking on normal morphology, an interaction term between the cigarette index and hookah index was used. RESULTS Multivariable regression analysis after adjustment for age, BMI, education level, children, chronic diseases, varicocele, testicular surgery history, infertility duration, and cause revealed no significant difference in the sperm concentration and the percentage of progressive motility between non-smokers, cigarette smokers, or hookah smokers. However, there was a significant difference in the log of normal morphology percentage between the three groups. Cigarette and hookah smoking were significantly associated with having lower percentages of normal morphology. There was a significant difference in the log-normal morphology %, where light and heavy dual smokers had the least exponential beta of log-normal morphology %, 0.43 (95% CI: 0.33-0.55) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.24-0.53), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dual tobacco smoking can adversely affect sperm morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soha Albeitawi
- Clinical Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jehan Hamadneh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Maha Alnatsheh
- In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ola Soudah
- Clinical Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Laith Ayasrah
- Clinical Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mu’nis Alawneh
- Clinical Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rashed Husban
- Clinical Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Raneem Alshraideh
- Clinical Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hussien Qablan
- Irbid Specialty Hospital In Vitro Fertilization Center, Irbid Specialty Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karavani G, Kattan MS, Lau S, Lo KC, Grober ED, Mehra VM, Akroof B, Lajkosz K, Jarvi K. Idiopathic secondary azoospermia occurrence in men with oligospermia over time. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:2163-2171. [PMID: 38941005 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the occurrence of idiopathic secondary azoospermia (ISA) in men with oligospermia over time and identify risk factors for ISA in this population. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a university-affiliated male infertility clinic. A total of 1056 oligospermic men (concentration < 15 million/ml (M/ml) and no azoospermia) with at least two SA done between 2000 and 2019 were included. The primary outcome was the occurrence of ISA by oligospermia severity. RESULTS In the entire cohort, 31 patients (2.9%) eventually became azoospermic with time. The ≤ 1 M/ml extremely severe oligospermia (ESO) group (283 patients) had significantly higher rates of ISA in each time period compared to the 1-5 M/ml severe oligospermia (SO) (310 patients) and 5-15 M/ml mild oligospermia (MO) (463 patients) groups (p < 0.05 for all comparisons), with rates of 21.1% in the ESO, 4.8% in the SO, and 0% in the MO group (p = 0.02) after 3-5 years, reaching 32% after 5 years in the ESO group compared to no cases in the other two groups (p = 0.006). Parameters shown to predict ISA were initial concentration < 1 M/ml (OR 22.12, p < 0.001) and time interval of > 3 and 5 years (OR 4.83 and 6.84, p = 0.009 and < 0.001, respectively), whereas testosterone levels were negatively associated with ISA (OR 0.88, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Men with ≤ 1 M/ml, especially those with low testosterone levels, have a dramatically increased chance of becoming azoospermic with time. Therefore, sperm banking should be recommended in these cases. Men with a sperm concentration above 1 M/ml have low chances of becoming azoospermic, even after 3 or more years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Karavani
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Mohamed S Kattan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Lau
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kirk C Lo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ethan D Grober
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vrati M Mehra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bader Akroof
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Lajkosz
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Jarvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muñoz E, Fuentes F, Felmer R, Arias ME, Yeste M. Effects of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on Male Fertility. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:802-836. [PMID: 38019089 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Significance: In recent decades, male fertility has been severely reduced worldwide. The causes underlying this decline are multifactorial, and include, among others, genetic alterations, changes in the microbiome, and the impact of environmental pollutants. Such factors can dysregulate the physiological levels of reactive species of oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) in the patient, generating oxidative and nitrosative stress that impairs fertility. Recent Advances: Recent studies have delved into other factors involved in the dysregulation of ROS and RNS levels, such as diet, obesity, persistent infections, environmental pollutants, and gut microbiota, thus leading to new strategies to solve male fertility problems, such as consuming prebiotics to regulate gut flora or treating psychological conditions. Critical Issues: The pathways where ROS or RNS may be involved as modulators are still under investigation. Moreover, the extent to which treatments can rescue male infertility as well as whether they may have side effects remains, in most cases, to be elucidated. For example, it is known that prescription of antioxidants to treat nitrosative stress can alter sperm chromatin condensation, which makes DNA more exposed to ROS and RNS, and may thus affect fertilization and early embryo development. Future Directions: The involvement of extracellular vesicles, which might play a crucial role in cell communication during spermatogenesis and epididymal maturation, and the relevance of other factors such as sperm epigenetic signatures should be envisaged in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Muñoz
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Sciences, Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernanda Fuentes
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Sciences, Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo Felmer
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - María Elena Arias
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang W, Hua R, Cao Y, He X. A metabolomic perspective on the mechanisms by which environmental pollutants and lifestyle lead to male infertility. Andrology 2024; 12:719-739. [PMID: 37815095 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of male infertility (MI) is rising annually. According to epidemiological studies, environmental pollution (e.g., organic, inorganic, and air pollutants), occupational exposure (e.g., high temperature, organic solvents, and pesticides), and poor lifestyle (e.g., diet, sleep, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise) are important non-genetic causative factors of MI. Due to multiple and complex causative factors, the dose-effect relationship, and the uncertainty of pathogenicity, the pathogenesis of MI is far from fully clarified. Recent data show that the pathogenesis of MI can be monitored by the metabolites in serum, seminal plasma, urine, testicular tissue, sperm, and other biological samples. It is considered that these metabolites are closely related to MI phenotypes and can directly reflect the individual pathological and physiological conditions. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the metabolome, the related metabolic pathways, and the identification of biomarkers will help to explore the MI-related metabolic problems and provide valuable insights into its pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we summarized new findings in MI metabolomics biomarkers research and their abnormal metabolic pathways triggered by the presented non-genetic risk factors, providing a metabolic landscape of semen and seminal plasma in general MI patients. Then, we compared the similarities and differences in semen and seminal plasma biomarkers between MI patients exposed to environmental and poor lifestyle factors and MI patients in general, and summarized some common biomarkers. We provide a better understanding of the biological underpinnings of MI pathogenesis, which might offer novel diagnostic, prognostic, and precise treatment approaches to MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lo JO, Hedges JC, Chou WH, Tager KR, Bachli ID, Hagen OL, Murphy SK, Hanna CB, Easley CA. Influence of substance use on male reproductive health and offspring outcomes. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00868-w. [PMID: 38664544 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of substance use globally is rising and is highest among men of reproductive age. In Africa, and South and Central America, cannabis use disorder is most prevalent and in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Central America, Canada and the USA, opioid use disorder predominates. Substance use might be contributing to the ongoing global decline in male fertility, and emerging evidence has linked paternal substance use with short-term and long-term adverse effects on offspring development and outcomes. This trend is concerning given that substance use is increasing, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preclinical studies have shown that male preconception substance use can influence offspring brain development and neurobehaviour through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, human studies investigating paternal health behaviours during the prenatal period suggest that paternal tobacco, opioid, cannabis and alcohol use is associated with reduced offspring mental health, in particular hyperactivity and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The potential effects of paternal substance use are areas in which to focus public health efforts and health-care provider counselling of couples or individuals interested in conceiving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O Lo
- Department of Urology, Oregon Heath & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Jason C Hedges
- Department of Urology, Oregon Heath & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wesley H Chou
- Department of Urology, Oregon Heath & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kylie R Tager
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ian D Bachli
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Olivia L Hagen
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carol B Hanna
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles A Easley
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Osadchuk L, Kleshchev M, Osadchuk A. Effects of cigarette smoking on semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, metabolic profile, zinc and sperm DNA fragmentation in men: results from a population-based study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1255304. [PMID: 37920251 PMCID: PMC10619690 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1255304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking seems to have a negative impact on men's reproductive health, but our knowledge of its effects on the reproductive function of Russian men is still very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality, including sperm DNA fragmentation, hormonal, zinc and metabolic status in young men from the general multi-ethnic Russian population (n=1,222, median age 23 years) and to find out the ethno-specific effects of smoking by comparing male groups of different ethnicity. Methods Each participant filled out a standardized questionnaire, provided one blood and semen sample. Semen parameters, serum reproductive hormones, lipids, glucose, uric acid and seminal zinc were analyzed. Participants were classified as smokers (n=450) and non-smokers (n=772), and smokers were stratified into moderate (≤10 cigarettes/day) and heavy (>10 cigarettes/day) smokers. Results In the entire study population, heavy smokers were characterized by a decrease in semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration and motility, and an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation and teratozoospermia compared with non-smokers (p<0.05). There was also a reduction in the serum and seminal zinc level as well as an impairment in metabolic health in smokers compared with non-smokers (p<0.05). No significant differences between smokers and non-smokers were found for serum levels of LH, FSH, inhibin B, testosterone and estradiol. In the second part of our study, the most numerous ethnic groups of Slavs (n=654), Buryats (n=191), and Yakuts (n=125) were selected from the entire study population. Among three ethnic groups, the smoking intensity was higher in Slavs than in Buryats or Yakuts suggesting a greater tobacco addiction in Slavs than in Asians. A decrease in semen parameters and seminal zinc levels, and an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation and teratozoospermia was observed only in smoking Slavs (p<0.05); moderate decrease in testosterone and increase in triglyceride levels were revealed in smoking Yakuts (p<0.05), but no significant changes were detected in smoking Buryats. Conclusion We concluded that cigarette smoking has an ethno-specific effect on male reproductive function, probably due to the different activity of the seminal antioxidant system, which is yet to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Osadchuk
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Federal Research Center 'Institute of Cytology and Genetics', the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Kleshchev
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Federal Research Center 'Institute of Cytology and Genetics', the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Osadchuk
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Federal Research Center 'Institute of Cytology and Genetics', the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laqqan MM, Al-Ghora SS, Yassin MM. Impact of waterpipe and tobacco cigarette smoking on global DNA methylation and nuclear proteins genes transcription in spermatozoa: a comparative investigation. Inhal Toxicol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37145555 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2208608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe smoking is harmful and dangerous, and it is a growing threat to public health. OBJECTIVES This study was performed to evaluate the influence of waterpipe smoking on global DNA methylation, DNA fragmentation, and protamine deficiency in spermatozoa compared to cigarette heavy smokers and nonsmokers, and to determine whether the transcription levels of spermatozoa nuclear proteins genes 'PRM1, PRM2, and H2BFWT' in waterpipe smokers are different compared to cigarette heavy smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS A total of 900 semen samples were collected from males with a mean age of 32.5 ± 6.3 years (300 waterpipe smokers, 300 cigarette heavy smokers, and 300 nonsmokers). The nucleic acids were isolated from purified spermatozoa, and then the global DNA methylation and transcription levels of the PRM1, PRM2, and H2BFWT genes were assessed using ELISA and qPCR, respectively. RESULTS A significant increase was found in the level of global DNA methylation (8.6 ± 0.6 ng/μl vs. 7.1 ± 0.6 ng/μl and 4.7 ± 0.6 ng/μl, p < 0.001), protamine deficiency (72.8 ± 15.3 vs. 51.7 ± 19.2 and 15.3 ± 5.9%, p < 0.001), and DNA fragmentation (73.4 ± 13.4 vs. 50.5 ± 18.9 and 9.3 ± 4.3%, p < 0.001) in waterpipe smokers compared to cigarette heavy smokers and nonsmokers. A significant increase was shown in the transcription levels of PRM1, PRM2, and H2BFWT genes in waterpipe smokers compared to cigarette heavy smokers and nonsmokers (p < 0.001). A down-regulation was found in the transcription level of these genes in different smoker groups compared to nonsmokers (<0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that waterpipe smoking is more harmful than cigarette smoking on semen parameters, global DNA methylation, and transcription of nuclear protein genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Laqqan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Said S Al-Ghora
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Maged M Yassin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Physiology, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Garcia-Grau E, Lleberia J, Costa L, Guitart M, Yeste M, Benet J, Amengual MJ, Ribas-Maynou J. Decline of Sperm Quality over the Last Two Decades in the South of Europe: A Retrospective Study in Infertile Patients. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010070. [PMID: 36671762 PMCID: PMC9856056 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Semen quality has a direct relation to male fertility. Whether sperm variables in humans have decreased over the last years is still uncertain, with some studies showing a decline and others reporting no changes. In this regard, previous research has suggested that lifestyle and environmental conditions may contribute to this variability, calling for regional studies. The present work is a retrospective, unicentric study that includes semen samples analyzed between 1997 and 2017 at the Parc Taulí Hospital (Barcelona metropolitan area). First, a multivariate analysis including the age as a confounding factor showed a statistically significant decrease in semen volume, pH, progressive motility, morphology and total motile sperm over time. Contrarily, no significant variation in sperm count or concentration was observed. Mean reductions per year were -0.02 mL for volume, -0.57% for progressively motile sperm and -0.72% for sperm with normal morphology. Interestingly, the average annual temperature registered by the Spanish Meteorology Agency negatively correlated to sperm morphology and sperm count (Rs = -0.642; p = 0.002 and Rs = -0.435; p = 0.049, respectively). In conclusion, the present study based on infertile patients from the Barcelona area found a decline in sperm motility and morphology, without effects on sperm count. Changes in temperature appeared to be associated to this decline, but further studies are needed to address the mechanisms linked to the observed variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Garcia-Grau
- Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), ES-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Lleberia
- Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Laura Costa
- Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Miriam Guitart
- UDIAT Diagnostic Center, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), ES-08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jordi Benet
- Unit of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), ES-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Amengual
- UDIAT Diagnostic Center, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ávila C, Vinay JI, Arese M, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Antioxidant Intervention against Male Infertility: Time to Design Novel Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123058. [PMID: 36551814 PMCID: PMC9775742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a highly prevalent condition, affecting 9-20% of couples worldwide. Among the identifiable causes, the male factor stands out in about half of infertile couples, representing a growing problem. Accordingly, there has been a decline in both global fertility rates and sperm counts in recent years. Remarkably, nearly 80% of cases of male infertility (MI) have no clinically identifiable aetiology. Among the mechanisms likely plausible to account for idiopathic cases, oxidative stress (OS) has currently been increasingly recognized as a key factor in MI, through phenomena such as mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and fragmentation and finally, sperm apoptosis. In addition, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in semen are associated with worse reproductive outcomes. However, despite an increasing understanding on the role of OS in the pathophysiology of MI, therapeutic interventions based on antioxidants have not yet provided a consistent benefit for MI, and there is currently no clear consensus on the optimal antioxidant constituents or regimen. Therefore, there is currently no applicable antioxidant treatment against this problem. This review presents an approach aimed at designing an antioxidant strategy based on the particular biological properties of sperm and their relationships with OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Ávila
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - José Ignacio Vinay
- Urology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Andrology Unit, Shady Grove Fertility, Santiago 7650672, Chile
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229-786-126
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu D, Ren Y, Wu T, Shen H, Yan P, Meng Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Bai P, Zhao J. Parental smoking exposure before and during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder risk: A Chinese child and adolescent cohort study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1017046. [PMID: 36299741 PMCID: PMC9589153 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies revealed that maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy was an essential risk factor for offspring developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The impact of paternal smoking exposure 1 year before pregnancy on offspring ADHD risk is still unclear. Methods The present study included 2,477 school-age children and their parents from the Shanghai Child and Adolescent Health Cohort who had complete data for offspring ADHD diagnosis and parents' smoking exposure before and during pregnancy information. A multivariate logistic regression model and Firth's logistic regression model were used to determine the associations of paternal smoking and parental smoke exposure patterns before and during pregnancy with offspring ADHD risk. Results Children whose fathers smoked before pregnancy had a higher risk of developing ADHD [odds ratio (OR) = 2.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35-4.98] compared to those whose fathers had never been exposed to smoking. Similarly, parents who were exposed to smoking or second-hand smoke before pregnancy had 1.96 times (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.19-3.22) more likely to have offspring with ADHD. Moreover, children whose parents were exposed to smoking both before and during pregnancy were 2.01 times (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.29-3.12) more likely to develop ADHD. Conclusion Paternal smoking before pregnancy and parental smoking exposure 1 year ahead of and throughout pregnancy were all risk factors for offspring developing ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- The Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Ren
- Department of School Health, Food Nutrition and Safety, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianfeng Wu
- Department of School Health, Food Nutrition and Safety, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiping Shen
- Department of School Health, Food Nutrition and Safety, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Meng
- The Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- The Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinqing Bai
- Department of School Health, Food Nutrition and Safety, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China,Pinqing Bai
| | - Jian Zhao
- The Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jian Zhao
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lipophilic phthalic acid esters impair human sperm acrosomal reaction through the likely inhibition of phospholipase A 2-signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115249. [PMID: 36115423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are recognized endocrine disruptors. Detection of PAEs in semen from idiopathic infertile males suggests possible direct mechanisms of sperm toxicity. In this study we aimed to correlate sperm function with semen levels of PAEs. Semen samples were obtained from 100 male patients attending the Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, (Italy), 22 of which having a recognized history of idiopathic infertility. Compared to fertile subjects, infertile patients showed reduced levels of acrosome reaction (AR), evaluated by CD46 staining upon progesterone (P4) triggering (p < 0.001). Subjects showing positive detection of PAEs in semen, evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were significantly more represented in those reporting an history of infertility (13 out of 22), compared to fertile subjects (25 out of 78, P = 0.0266). In vitro sperm exposure to PAEs showed that lipophilic PAE representative Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) had higher cell accumulation and inhibition of P4-induced AR than less lipophilic PAE representative Dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Computer-based binding analysis and fluorimetric inhibition assay, showed that both DNOP and DBP had similar Phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) inhibitory activity (respectively: 3.98 nM and 5.52 nM). However, only DNOP showed a significant inhibition of PLA2-mediated AR, triggered by A23187 calcium ionophore. Incubation with PLA2-related product arachidonic acid restored AR. Our data are suggestive of a novel mechanistic model of PAEs interference on sperm function, through the inhibition of PLA2-mediated signaling. According to this hypothesis, the inhibitory efficacy of the specific PAE is possibly linked to the corresponding cell accumulation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia-Segura S, del Rey J, Closa L, Garcia-Martínez I, Hobeich C, Castel AB, Vidal F, Benet J, Ribas-Maynou J, Oliver-Bonet M. Seminal Microbiota of Idiopathic Infertile Patients and Its Relationship With Sperm DNA Integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:937157. [PMID: 35837328 PMCID: PMC9275566 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.937157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new biomarkers for human male infertility is crucial to improve the diagnosis and the prognosis of this disease. Recently, seminal microbiota was shown to be related to sperm quality parameters, suggesting an effect in human fertility and postulating it as a biomarker candidate. However, its relationship to sperm DNA integrity has not been studied yet. The aim of the present study is to characterize the seminal microbiota of a western Mediterranean population and to evaluate its relationship to sperm chromatin integrity parameters, and oxidative stress. For that purpose, 14 samples from sperm donors and 42 samples from infertile idiopathic patients were obtained and were analyzed to assess the composition of the microbiota through full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq platform). Microbial diversity and relative abundances were compared to classic sperm quality parameters (macroscopic semen parameters, motility, morphology and concentration), chromatin integrity (global DNA damage, double-stranded DNA breaks and DNA protamination status) and oxidative stress levels (oxidation-reduction potential). The seminal microbiota observed of these samples belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The most abundant genera were Finegoldia, Peptoniphilus, Anaerococcus, Campylobacter, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, Prevotella, Ezakiella, Corynebacterium and Lactobacillus. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of Ezakiella genus in seminal samples. Two clusters of microbial profiles were built based on a clustering analysis, and specific genera were found with different frequencies in relation to seminal quality defects. The abundances of several bacteria negatively correlate with the sperm global DNA fragmentation, most notably Moraxella, Brevundimonas and Flavobacterium. The latter two were also associated with higher sperm motility and Brevundimonas additionally with lower oxidative-reduction potential. Actinomycetaceae, Ralstonia and Paenibacillus correlated with reduced chromatin protamination status and increased double-stranded DNA fragmentation. These effects on DNA integrity coincide in many cases with the metabolism or enzymatic activities of these genera. Significant differences between fertile and infertile men were found in the relative presence of the Propionibacteriaceae family and the Cutibacterium, Rhodopseudomonas and Oligotropha genera, which supports its possible involvement in male fertility. Our findings sustain the hypothesis that the seminal microbiome has an effect on male fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garcia-Segura
- Unit of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier del Rey
- Unit of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laia Closa
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Garcia-Martínez
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Hobeich
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Vidal
- Medicina Transfusional, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Coagulopaties Congènites, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet
- Unit of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jordi Ribas-Maynou, ; Maria Oliver-Bonet,
| | - Maria Oliver-Bonet
- Unit of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jordi Ribas-Maynou, ; Maria Oliver-Bonet,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arshad MA, Zil-E-Ali A, Iqbal MT, Majzoub A. The two-tales of smoking: aberrations in sperm parameters and failure in assisted reproduction. Arab J Urol 2022; 20:195-196. [PMID: 36353471 PMCID: PMC9639498 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2022.2090135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Arshad
- The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan
| | - A. Zil-E-Ali
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - A. Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A new method for evaluating the quality of single sperm by detecting reactive oxygen species. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Laqqan MM, Yassin MM. Cigarette heavy smoking alters DNA methylation patterns and gene transcription levels in humans spermatozoa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26835-26849. [PMID: 34855177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is considered the most common reason of death and infertility around the world. This study was designed to assess the impact of tobacco heavy smoking on sperm DNA methylation patterns and to determine whether the transcription level of ALDH3B2, PTGIR, PRICKLE2, and ALS2CR12 genes is different in heavy smokers compared to non-smokers. As a screening study, the 450 K array was used to assess the alteration in DNA methylation patterns between heavy smokers (n = 15) and non-smokers (n = 15). Then, four CpGs that have the highest difference in methylation level (cg16338278, cg08408433, cg05799088, and cg07227024) were selected for validation using deep bisulfite sequencing in an independent cohort of heavy smokers (n = 200) and non-smokers (n = 100). A significant variation was found between heavy smokers and non-smokers in the methylation level at all CpGs within the PRICKLE2 and ALS2CR12 gene amplicon (P < 0.001). Similarly, a significant variation was found in the methylation level at nine out of thirteen CpGs within the ALDH3B2 gene amplicon (P < 0.01). Additionally, eighteen CpGs out of the twenty-six within the PTGIR gene amplicon have a significant difference in the methylation level between heavy smokers and non-smokers (P < 0.01). The study showed a significant difference in sperm global DNA methylation, chromatin non-condensation, and DNA fragmentation (P < 0.001) between heavy smokers and non-smokers. A significant decline was shown in the transcription level of ALDH3B2, PTGIR, PRICKLE2, and ALS2CR12 genes (P < 0.001) in heavy smokers. In conclusion, heavy smoking influences DNA methylation at several CpGs, sperm global DNA methylation, and transcription level of the PRICKLE2, ALS2CR12, ALDH3B2, and PTGIR genes, which affects negatively the semen parameters of heavy smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Laqqan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University, Gaza, Palestinian Territories, Palestine.
| | - Maged M Yassin
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University, Gaza, Palestinian Territories, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bazid HAS, Attia AM, Yousef AM, Fawal AN, Mostafa MI. Evaluating the Serum and Seminal Plasma Levels of Zinc and Cadmium in Smokers and Their Relation to the Semen Parameters. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1002-1009. [PMID: 33860457 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking appears to have adverse effects of male reproductivity. The interplay between zinc and cadmium presumably plays a role in mediating toxic effects of smoking. This work was conducted to study serum and seminal plasma zinc and cadmium level in smokers compared to non-smokers. Seventy males were included: 35 smokers (group I) (smoking ˃20 cigarettes/day with mild smoking index <400) and 35 age-matched non-smokers (group II). Semen analysis was performed according to the WHO laboratory manual 2010. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect zinc and cadmium amounts in both blood plasma and semen of any groups. Smoker group showed significantly lower sperm density, motility (P=0.001), and sperm viability (P=0.002) and higher abnormally formed sperms. Seminal zinc level was significantly lower in smokers (P=0.038).There was significant negative correlation between seminal zinc and smoking index and significant positive correlation between seminal zinc levels and sperm motility (P=0.008) and viability percentage (P=0.001). Seminal cadmium level was significantly higher in smoker (P=0.022). Significant positive correlation between seminal cadmium and both age and smoking index (P=0.003) and significant negative correlation between seminal cadmium and sperm density (P=0.005), motility (P=0.047), and viability (P=0.039). Seminal zinc level was negatively correlated to seminal cadmium level (P=0.020). Smoking has deleterious effects on semen quality hence fertility through several toxicants and chemicals. Reduced zinc levels and elevated cadmium levels were evident in smokers which have significant role in the adverse effects on the semen parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A S Bazid
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 93 Misr wa Elsudan street, Cairo, 11646, Egypt.
| | - Abdalla M Attia
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 93 Misr wa Elsudan street, Cairo, 11646, Egypt
| | - Amira M Yousef
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 93 Misr wa Elsudan street, Cairo, 11646, Egypt
| | - Asmaa N Fawal
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 93 Misr wa Elsudan street, Cairo, 11646, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I Mostafa
- Clinical Pathology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Engel KM, Baumann S, Blaurock J, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Schiller J, von Bergen M, Grunewald S. Differences in the sperm metabolomes of smoking and nonsmoking men†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1484-1493. [PMID: 34554205 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, spermiogram analysis is the most relevant method used to clarify the potential infertility of a couple. However, in some cases, the reasons for infertility remain obscure. Smoking is among the factors that have been described to adversely affect male fertility. Smoking increases oxidative stress and thus promotes various pathological processes. Comparative studies, particularly those on metabolomic changes in sperm and seminal plasma caused by smoking, have not yet been published. Thus, the present pilot study aimed at the mass spectrometric characterization of the metabolomes of specimens from both smoking and nonsmoking subjects and the comparison of the evaluated data in terms of sperm apoptosis and spermiogram parameters. The results provided evidence that the conventional spermiogram is not altered in smokers compared to nonsmokers. However, a more careful investigation of sperm cells by metabolomic profiling reveals profound effects of smoking on sperm: first, nitrogen oxide synthase, a marker of oxidative stress, is activated. Second, the uptake of fatty acids into sperm mitochondria is reduced, leading to an impaired energy supply. Third, phenylalanine hydroxylation and tryptophan degradation, which are both indications of altered tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, are reduced. Moreover, flow cytometry approaches indicated increased sperm caspase-3 activity, a sign of apoptosis. The present study clearly shows the negative effects of smoking on semen quality. Especially for idiopathic cases, metabolomic profiling can help to shed light on male subfertility or infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Engel
- Training Center of the European Academy of Andrology (EAA), Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology Clinic, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Baumann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janet Blaurock
- Training Center of the European Academy of Andrology (EAA), Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology Clinic, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Grunewald
- Training Center of the European Academy of Andrology (EAA), Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology Clinic, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kleshchev M, Osadchuk A, Osadchuk L. Impaired semen quality, an increase of sperm morphological defects and DNA fragmentation associated with environmental pollution in urban population of young men from Western Siberia, Russia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258900. [PMID: 34679097 PMCID: PMC8535459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sperm morphology and an elevated DNA fragmentation level are considered to be related to spermiogenesis malfunctions as a result of genetic mutations and effects of environmental factors, including industrial pollution. Standardized cross-sectional population studies of sperm morphology defects and sperm DNA fragmentation, especially in regions with increased environmental pollution may be helpful to investigate an influence of industrial pollution and other population-related factors on spermiogenesis process. The aim of present study was to estimate an influence industrial pollution on sperm morphogenesis and sperm DNA fragmentation in men from the general population of the Western Siberia. The Novosibirsk and Kemerovo cities are located to same climatic conditions in Western Siberia but the Kemerovo city is characterized by increased environmental pollution especially by particulate matter (PM). The male volunteers living in Novosibirsk (n = 278) and Kemerovo (n = 258) were enrolled. Percentages of sperm morphological defects are counted after staining native ejaculate smears by Diff-Quick kits. DNA fragmentation was estimated by a SCSA technique. The residents of Kemerovo were characterized by lowered sperm count and sperm motility, elevated DNA fragmentation, poor sperm morphology and increased incidence of morphological effects of head (pyriform, elongated, round, abnormal acrosome and vacuolated chromatine), asymmetrical neck insertion and excess residual cytoplasm. Moreover, elevated DNA fragmentation was associated with lowered sperm count, sperm motility and increased percentages of several sperm morphology defects, with the place of residence affecting the relationships between conventional semen parameters, sperm morphology and DNA fragmentations. Our study suggests that excessive sperm head elongation and impaired acrosome formation can contribute to sperm morphology deterioration in men from polluted areas. Regional features in the relationships between sperm morphology, sperm count and DNA fragmentation were shown, suggesting an importance of studying sperm morphology pattern in men from different regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Kleshchev
- Department of Human Molecular Genetic, Federal Research Center ‘Institute of Cytology and Genetics’, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Osadchuk
- Department of Human Molecular Genetic, Federal Research Center ‘Institute of Cytology and Genetics’, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila Osadchuk
- Department of Human Molecular Genetic, Federal Research Center ‘Institute of Cytology and Genetics’, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Minhas S, Bettocchi C, Boeri L, Capogrosso P, Carvalho J, Cilesiz NC, Cocci A, Corona G, Dimitropoulos K, Gül M, Hatzichristodoulou G, Jones TH, Kadioglu A, Martínez Salamanca JI, Milenkovic U, Modgil V, Russo GI, Serefoglu EC, Tharakan T, Verze P, Salonia A. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: 2021 Update on Male Infertility. Eur Urol 2021; 80:603-620. [PMID: 34511305 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The European Association of Urology (EAU) has updated its guidelines on sexual and reproductive health for 2021. OBJECTIVE To present a summary of the 2021 version of the EAU guidelines on sexual and reproductive health, including advances and areas of controversy in male infertility. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The panel performed a comprehensive literature review of novel data up to January 2021. The guidelines were updated and a strength rating for each recommendation was included that was based either on a systematic review of the literature or consensus opinion from the expert panel, where applicable. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The male partner in infertile couples should undergo a comprehensive urological assessment to identify and treat any modifiable risk factors causing fertility impairment. Infertile men are at a higher risk of harbouring and developing other diseases including malignancy and cardiovascular disease and should be screened for potential modifiable risk factors, such as hypogonadism. Sperm DNA fragmentation testing has emerged as a novel biomarker that can identify infertile men and provide information on the outcomes from assisted reproductive techniques. The role of hormone stimulation therapy in hypergonadotropic hypogonadal or eugonadal patients is controversial and is not recommended outside of clinical trials. Furthermore, there is insufficient evidence to support the widespread use of other empirical treatments and surgical interventions in clinical practice (such as antioxidants and surgical sperm retrieval in men without azoospermia). There is low-quality evidence to support the routine use of testicular fine-needle mapping as an alternative diagnostic and predictive tool before testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), and either conventional or microdissection TESE remains the surgical modality of choice for men with NOA. CONCLUSIONS All infertile men should undergo a comprehensive urological assessment to identify and treat any modifiable risk factors. Increasing data indicate that infertile men are at higher risk of cardiovascular mortality and of developing cancers and should be screened and counselled accordingly. There is low-quality evidence supporting the use of empirical treatments and interventions currently used in clinical practice; the efficacy of these therapies needs to be validated in large-scale randomised controlled trials. PATIENT SUMMARY Approximately 50% of infertility will be due to problems with the male partner. Therefore, all infertile men should be assessed by a specialist with the expertise to not only help optimise their fertility but also because they are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and cancer long term and therefore require appropriate counselling and management. There are many treatments and interventions for male infertility that have not been validated in high-quality studies and caution should be applied to their use in routine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | - Luca Boeri
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ospedale di Circolo and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy
| | - Joana Carvalho
- CPUP: Center for Psychology of Porto University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nusret Can Cilesiz
- Department of Urology, Taksim Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrea Cocci
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Dimitropoulos
- Academic Urology Unit, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Murat Gül
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Thomas Hugh Jones
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barnsley Hospital NHS Trust, Barnsley, UK
| | - Ates Kadioglu
- Department of Urology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Uros Milenkovic
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vaibhav Modgil
- Manchester Andrology Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Giorgio Ivan Russo
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ege Can Serefoglu
- Department of Urology, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paolo Verze
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cellular Therapy via Spermatogonial Stem Cells for Treating Impaired Spermatogenesis, Non-Obstructive Azoospermia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071779. [PMID: 34359947 PMCID: PMC8304133 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a major health problem affecting about 8–12% of couples worldwide. Spermatogenesis starts in the early fetus and completes after puberty, passing through different stages. Male infertility can result from primary or congenital, acquired, or idiopathic causes. The absence of sperm in semen, or azoospermia, results from non-obstructive causes (pretesticular and testicular), and post-testicular obstructive causes. Several medications such as antihypertensive drugs, antidepressants, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy could lead to impaired spermatogenesis and lead to a non-obstructive azoospermia. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the basis for spermatogenesis and fertility in men. SSCs are characterized by their capacity to maintain the self-renewal process and differentiation into spermatozoa throughout the male reproductive life and transmit genetic information to the next generation. SSCs originate from gonocytes in the postnatal testis, which originate from long-lived primordial germ cells during embryonic development. The treatment of infertility in males has a poor prognosis. However, SSCs are viewed as a promising alternative for the regeneration of the impaired or damaged spermatogenesis. SSC transplantation is a promising technique for male infertility treatment and restoration of spermatogenesis in the case of degenerative diseases such as cancer, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The process involves isolation of SSCs and cryopreservation from a testicular biopsy before starting cancer treatment, followed by intra-testicular stem cell transplantation. In general, treatment for male infertility, even with SSC transplantation, still has several obstacles. The efficiency of cryopreservation, exclusion of malignant cells contamination in cancer patients, and socio-cultural attitudes remain major challenges to the wider application of SSCs as alternatives. Furthermore, there are limitations in experience and knowledge regarding cryopreservation of SSCs. However, the level of infrastructure or availability of regulatory approval to process and preserve testicular tissue makes them tangible and accurate therapy options for male infertility caused by non-obstructive azoospermia, though in their infancy, at least to date.
Collapse
|
21
|
Shi X, Chan CPS, Man GKY, Chan DYL, Wong MH, Li TC. Associations between blood metal/ metalloid concentration and human semen quality and sperm function: A cross-sectional study in Hong Kong. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126735. [PMID: 33647736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between metal/metalloid exposure on human sperm quality is still inconclusive. There is a lack of data on the effect of metal/metalloid on sperm function. METHODS The aim of this study was to clarify the association between blood metal/metalloid concentration and traditional and functional sperm parameters, the blood concentration of Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Ni, Mo, Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mg, Cr and Ca of 288 men in Hong Kong were assessed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and sperm parameters including sperm concentration, motility, morphology, vitality, total sperm count, total motile sperm count, sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm acrosome reaction were measured. Demographic and lifestyle questionnaires were also provided for all participants. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to test the association between blood metal/ metalloid concentration and semen parameters after adjusting for relevant confounding variables. RESULTS The results showed that moderate to high level of blood Pb concentration (>27.19 μg/L) appeared to be negatively associated with sperm morphology (P < 0.05); high level of blood Cd concentration (>1.44 μg/L) was negatively associated with sperm acrosome reaction (P < 0.05); Mo was positively associated with semen volume (P < 0.05), however, high level of blood Mo concentration (>13.52 μg/L) was negatively associated with sperm vitality (P < 0.05); high level of blood Zn concentration (>6.20 mg/L) was positively associated with sperm vitality (P < 0.05); moderate level of blood Fe concentration (526.89-566.63 mg/L) was positively associated with sperm acrosome reaction (P < 0.05); moderate level of blood Ca concentration (55.92-66.10 mg/L) was positively associated with semen volume (P < 0.05); however, lower level of blood Ca concentration (45.90-55.92 mg/L) was negatively associated with sperm morphology (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the sperm function could be affected by blood Cd and Fe concentration and traditional sperm parameters could be affected by blood concentration of Mo, Zn, Pb and Ca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shi
- Assisted Conception Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Carol Pui Shan Chan
- Assisted Conception Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Grace Ka Yan Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David Yiu Leung Chan
- Assisted Conception Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tin-Chiu Li
- Assisted Conception Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Parekh N, Cho CL, Henkel R, Vij S, Arafa M, Panner Selvam MK, Shah R. Male infertility. Lancet 2021; 397:319-333. [PMID: 33308486 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that infertility affects 8-12% of couples globally, with a male factor being a primary or contributing cause in approximately 50% of couples. Causes of male subfertility vary highly, but can be related to congenital, acquired, or idiopathic factors that impair spermatogenesis. Many health conditions can affect male fertility, which underscores the need for a thorough evaluation of patients to identify treatable or reversible lifestyle factors or medical conditions. Although semen analysis remains the cornerstone for evaluating male infertility, advanced diagnostic tests to investigate sperm quality and function have been developed to improve diagnosis and management. The use of assisted reproductive techniques has also substantially improved the ability of couples with infertility to have biological children. This Seminar aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the assessment and management of men with infertility, along with current controversies and future endeavours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neel Parekh
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chak-Lam Cho
- SH Ho Urology Center, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medical Bioscience, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Vij
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- Male Infertility Unit, Urology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Andrology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rupin Shah
- Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tharakan T, Bettocchi C, Carvalho J, Corona G, Jones TH, Kadioglu A, Salamanca JIM, Serefoglu EC, Verze P, Salonia A, Minhas S. European Association of Urology Guidelines Panel on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Clinical Consultation Guide on the Indications for Performing Sperm DNA Fragmentation Testing in Men with Infertility and Testicular Sperm Extraction in Nonazoospermic Men. Eur Urol Focus 2021; 8:339-350. [PMID: 33422457 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has highlighted the contribution of oxidative stress and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in the pathophysiology of male infertility. SDF has emerged as a novel biomarker of risk stratification for patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies. Studies have also supported the use of testicular over ejaculated sperm at the time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection, as testicular sperm may have lower SDF than ejaculated samples. The European Association of Urology Working Panel on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health provides an evidence-based consultation guide on the indications for SDF testing in male infertility and also for testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in nonazoospermic men. We present the limitations and advantages of SDF testing and a framework to ensure that it is appropriately utilised in clinical practice. Furthermore, we critically appraise the current literature advocating the use of TESE in nonazoospermic men. PATIENT SUMMARY: This article reviews the evidence supporting the use of sperm DNA fragmentation testing in the assessment of male infertility and testicular sperm extraction in nonazoospermic men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, UK; Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carlo Bettocchi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Centre for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Thomas Hugh Jones
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barnsley Hospital NHS Trust, Barnsley, UK
| | - Ates Kadioglu
- Department of Urology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ege Can Serefoglu
- Department of Urology, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Histology & Embryology, Medipol University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paolo Verze
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dahan MH, Mills G, Khoudja R, Gagnon A, Tan G, Tan SL. Three hour abstinence as a treatment for high sperm DNA fragmentation: a prospective cohort study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:227-233. [PMID: 33179134 PMCID: PMC7822978 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to compare sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in semen specimens after 3 days and then after 3 h of abstinence in men presenting for initial infertility evaluation. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 112 men undergoing their first semen analysis as part of an infertility work-up was conducted. All participants presented with 3 days of abstinence for a semen analysis and DNA-fragmentation test. Both tests were repeated on a second sample collected 3 h after the first ejaculation. DNA-fragmentation was evaluated with the halo test by one of two technicians blinded to duration of abstinence. Variables analyzed include ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and motility, smoking status, cannabis use, initial specimen DNA fragmentation, and use of sperm-directed anti-oxidant formulations. RESULTS Among all subjects, DNA fragmentation improved in the 3-h abstinence specimen (34.6 ± 19.4% vs. 23.7 ± 16.0%, p = 0.0001). Among subjects with high DNA fragmentation (> 35%) on the initial specimen, 55% improved into the normal range. Semen volume and sperm concentration decreased (3.1 ± 3.3 ml vs. 1.9 ± 0.8 ml, p < 0.01 and 41 ± 39 vs. 32 ± 31 (millions/ml), p = 0.01), while progressive motility tended to increase. Fifty-eight subjects demonstrated ≥ 30% improvement in SDF in the second specimen as compared to the first. Factors found to correlate with > 30% improvement in DNA fragmentation in the 3-h abstinence specimen compared to 3 days were younger age and use of anti-oxidants. CONCLUSION High SDF can often be managed with a second ejaculation 3 h after the first in infertile couples, including in males with abnormal semen analyses per the 2010 WHO guide. Apart from SDF levels, changes in sperm quality were not clinically significant in the second specimen and did not increase rates of ICSI. However, a second ejaculation after 3 h probably may reduce the necessity of costly and/or invasive ART strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Dahan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MUHC Reproductive Center, McGill University, 888, Blvd. de Maisonneuve East, Suite 200, Montreal, QC, H2L 4S8, Canada.
- OriginElle fertility Clinic, 2110 Boul. Decarie, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Rabea Khoudja
- OriginElle fertility Clinic, 2110 Boul. Decarie, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Abbie Gagnon
- OriginElle fertility Clinic, 2110 Boul. Decarie, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Grace Tan
- OriginElle fertility Clinic, 2110 Boul. Decarie, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Seang Lin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- OriginElle fertility Clinic, 2110 Boul. Decarie, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rahban R, Nef S. Regional difference in semen quality of young men: a review on the implication of environmental and lifestyle factors during fetal life and adulthood. Basic Clin Androl 2020; 30:16. [PMID: 33072332 PMCID: PMC7559360 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-020-00114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of low semen quality and the incidence of testicular cancer have been steadily increasing over the past decades in different parts of the World. Although these conditions may have a genetic or epigenetic origin, there is growing evidence that multiple environmental and lifestyle factors can act alone or in combination to induce adverse effects. Exposure to these factors may occur as early as during fetal life, via the mother, and directly throughout adulthood after full spermatogenic capacity is reached. This review aims at providing an overview of past and current trends in semen quality and its relevance to fertility as well as a barometer of men’s general health. The focus will be on recent epidemiological studies of young men from the general population highlighting geographic variations in Europe. The impact of some lifestyle and environmental factors will be discussed with their role in both fetal life and adulthood. These factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, psychological stress, exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). Finally, the challenges in investigating the influence of environmental factors on semen quality in a fast changing world are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rahban
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland and Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland and Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Agarwal A, Majzoub A, Baskaran S, Panner Selvam MK, Cho CL, Henkel R, Finelli R, Leisegang K, Sengupta P, Barbarosie C, Parekh N, Alves MG, Ko E, Arafa M, Tadros N, Ramasamy R, Kavoussi P, Ambar R, Kuchakulla M, Robert KA, Iovine C, Durairajanayagam D, Jindal S, Shah R. Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A New Guideline for Clinicians. World J Mens Health 2020; 38:412-471. [PMID: 32777871 PMCID: PMC7502318 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm DNA integrity is crucial for fertilization and development of healthy offspring. The spermatozoon undergoes extensive molecular remodeling of its nucleus during later phases of spermatogenesis, which imparts compaction and protects the genetic content. Testicular (defective maturation and abortive apoptosis) and post-testicular (oxidative stress) mechanisms are implicated in the etiology of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), which affects both natural and assisted reproduction. Several clinical and environmental factors are known to negatively impact sperm DNA integrity. An increasing number of reports emphasizes the direct relationship between sperm DNA damage and male infertility. Currently, several assays are available to assess sperm DNA damage, however, routine assessment of SDF in clinical practice is not recommended by professional organizations. This article provides an overview of SDF types, origin and comparative analysis of various SDF assays while primarily focusing on the clinical indications of SDF testing. Importantly, we report four clinical cases where SDF testing had played a significant role in improving fertility outcome. In light of these clinical case reports and recent scientific evidence, this review provides expert recommendations on SDF testing and examines the advantages and drawbacks of the clinical utility of SDF testing using Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Chak Lam Cho
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Hong Kong
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Renata Finelli
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Catalina Barbarosie
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Neel Parekh
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology & Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Edmund Ko
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Andrology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nicholas Tadros
- Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | | | - Parviz Kavoussi
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rafael Ambar
- Urology Department of Centro Universitario em Saude do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Kathy Amy Robert
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Concetta Iovine
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Sunil Jindal
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital, Meerut, India
| | - Rupin Shah
- Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ou Z, Wen Q, Deng Y, Yu Y, Chen Z, Sun L. Cigarette smoking is associated with high level of ferroptosis in seminal plasma and affects semen quality. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:55. [PMID: 32460768 PMCID: PMC7251897 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of cigarette smoking on male semen quality are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms underlying how cigarette smoking affects semen quality are not clear yet. METHODS In this study, semen samples from 70 heavy smokers and 75 non-smokers receiving infertility treatment were included. Basic semen parameters in non-smokers and heavy smokers were evaluated. Levels of glutathione (GSH), lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), iron and GSH-dependent peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein level were observed in human seminal plasma and in GC-2Spd cells exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). RESULTS Heavy smokers had significantly higher abnormalities (sperm viability and sperm progressive motility) than non-smoking counterparts. Comparing non-smokers group, GSH level was reduced in the group of heavy smokers (P < 0.05). However, the level of lipid ROS and iron were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Besides, GSH level was reduced following treatment with CSC for 24 h, while lipid ROS and iron levels were increased (P < 0.05). However, the levels were reduced after being co-cultured with Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) (P < 0.05). The level of GPX4 protein was reduced after being treated with CSC in 24 h, and increased after being co-cultured with Fer-1(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking is associated with high level of ferroptosis in seminal plasma and affect semen quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Ou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Wen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yu Deng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ling Sun
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Geyter C, Gobrecht-Keller U, Ahler A, Fischer M. Removal of DNA-fragmented spermatozoa using flow cytometry and sorting does not improve the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:2079-2086. [PMID: 31463874 PMCID: PMC6823333 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The DNA fragmentation in sperm is associated with reduced outcome in assisted reproduction. Using YoPro1 as the staining dye and flow cytometry and sorting (FACS), the number of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation can be lowered to 5%. Can the cumulative outcome of ICSI be improved using FACS? METHODS A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 104 infertile couples with male infertility based on abnormal conventional semen analysis results. Cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate was the primary outcome parameter. In 52 cases, semen was processed for ICSI using swim-up. In another 52 cases, spermatozoa with fragmented DNA were removed with FACS. RESULTS The cumulative pregnancy rate at 12 weeks of gestation (51.9% versus 46.2%) and live birth rate (42.3% versus 34.6%) were higher and the miscarriage rate was lower (27.8% versus 35.3%) after FACS-sorting as compared with swim-up. An interim analysis scheduled before initiation of the study after 100 cases demonstrated that the aim of a 20% gain in pregnancy rate could not be achieved. For that reason, the prospective study was stopped prematurely. CONCLUSIONS A trend towards consistently better results was achieved by removing spermatozoa with fragmented DNA. The fragmentation of the DNA in sperm is the end stage of apoptosis. Sorting of spermatozoa may be improved by selecting parameters of processes active more upstream of apoptosis, such as chromatin decondensation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02166567 . June 14, 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian De Geyter
- Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology (RME), University Hospital, University of Basel, Vogesenstrasse 134, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
- Reproductive Medicine and Gyn. Endocrinology (RME), Vogesenstrasse 134, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ursula Gobrecht-Keller
- Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology (RME), University Hospital, University of Basel, Vogesenstrasse 134, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Ahler
- Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology (RME), University Hospital, University of Basel, Vogesenstrasse 134, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Fischer
- Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology (RME), University Hospital, University of Basel, Vogesenstrasse 134, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Amor H, Shelko N, Hamad MF, Zeyad A, Hammadeh ME. An additional marker for sperm DNA quality evaluation in spermatozoa of male partners of couples undergoing assisted reproduction technique (IVF/ICSI): Protamine ratio. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13400. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Amor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Reproductive Medicine Saarland University Clinic Homburg Germany
| | - Nyaz Shelko
- Community Health Department Technical College of Health Sulaimani Polytechnic University Sulaimanyah Iraq
| | - Mohammed F. Hamad
- Department of Basic Sciences College of Science and Health Professions King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Zeyad
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Reproductive Medicine Saarland University Clinic Homburg Germany
| | - Mohamad Eid Hammadeh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Reproductive Medicine Saarland University Clinic Homburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hassanen E, Elqusi K, Zaki H, Henkel R, Agarwal A. TUNEL assay: Establishing a sperm DNA fragmentation cut-off value for Egyptian infertile men. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13375. [PMID: 31347719 DOI: 10.1111/and.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Male factor infertility is responsible for half of all infertility cases. Conventional semen analysis is inadequate to evaluate male fertility. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) test can be done by: direct methods such as Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) and Comet assay, or indirect like Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) and Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD). TUNEL assay measures both single- and double-strand breaks and is technically less demanding, while SCSA tests for the susceptibility for nuclear DNA denaturation and samples should be sent to the reference lab. Studies showed that a single cut-off value does not fit all. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing a cut-off value to discriminate between fertile and infertile Egyptian men. We enrolled 354 infertile men and 40 proven fertile volunteers.TUNEL assay was performed using Apo-Direct kit and bench top flow cytometer.The calculated SDF cut-off value was 20.3% with a sensitivity of 96.6% and specificity of 87.5%, and the overall accuracy of the test was 95.7%. Sperm DNA fragmentation Test using TUNEL assay is valuable tool for male infertility evaluation, and it assists in offering the best treatment options based on it's results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ralf Henkel
- University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.,American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Esteves SC, Roque M, Garrido N. Use of testicular sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in men with high sperm DNA fragmentation: a SWOT analysis. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:1-8. [PMID: 28440264 PMCID: PMC5753543 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa retrieved from the testis of men with high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in the neat semen tend to have better DNA quality. Given the negative impact of SDF on the outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), an increased interest has emerged about the use of testicular sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Testi-ICSI). In this article, we used a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis to summarize the advantages and drawbacks of this intervention. The rationale of Testi-ICSI is bypass posttesticular DNA fragmentation caused by oxidative stress during sperm transit through the epididymis. Hence, oocyte fertilization by genomically intact testicular spermatozoa may be optimized, thus increasing the chances of creating a normal embryonic genome and the likelihood of achieving a live birth, as recently demonstrated in men with high SDF. However, there is still limited evidence as regards the clinical efficacy of Testi-ICSI, thus creating opportunities for further confirmatory clinical research as well as investigation of Testi-ICSI in clinical scenarios other than high SDF. Furthermore, Testi-ICSI can be compared to other laboratory preparation methods for deselecting sperm with damaged DNA. At present, the available literature supports the use of testicular sperm when performing ICSI in infertile couples whose male partners have posttesticular SDF. Due to inherent risks of sperm retrieval, Testi-ICSI should be offered when less invasive treatments for alleviating DNA damage have failed. A call for continuous monitoring is nonetheless required concerning the health of generated offspring and the potential complications of sperm retrieval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Referral Center for Male Reproduction, Av. Dr. Heitor Penteado 1464, Campinas, SP, 13075-460 Brazil
| | - Matheus Roque
- ORIGEN, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicolás Garrido
- Andrology Laboratory and Sperm Bank, IVI Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vujasinovic M, Hedström A, Maisonneuve P, Valente R, von Horn H, Löhr JM, Haas SL. Zinc deficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:600-607. [PMID: 30774274 PMCID: PMC6371007 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc is a key element in numerous proteins and plays an important role in essential cell functions such as defense against free radicals and DNA damage repair. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic inflammation with progressive fibrosis of pancreas ultimately resulting in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), which is associated with malnutrition. Studies analyzing zinc levels in patients with CP are sparse and lead to conflicting results.
AIM To investigate serum zinc levels in patients with CP of various etiologies.
METHODS Between October 2015 and March 2018, patients with a diagnosis of CP were identified and recruited from the Pancreatic Outpatient Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. Etiology of CP was determined according to the M-ANNHEIM classification system into the following etiological subcategories: alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption, hereditary factors, efferent pancreatic duct factors and immunological factors. Pancreatic exocrine function was defined as normal (fecal elastase 1 > 200 μg/g), mildly reduced (100-200 μg/g) and severely reduced (fecal elastase 1 < 100 μg/g).
RESULTS A total of 150 patients were included in the analysis. Zinc deficiency (< 11 μmol/L) was present in 39 (26.0%) of patients: 22 females and 17 males. In the group of patients with zinc deficiency, 76.7% of patients had an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (FE-1 < 200 μg/g). Older age was significantly associated with low zinc levels. Following a univariate analysis, patients aged 60-69 and patients ≥ 70 years of age had a significantly higher prevalence of zinc deficiencies compared to patients < 40 years of age [OR: 3.8, 95%CI (1.08-13.4); P = 0.04]; [OR 6.26, 95%CI (1.94-20.2), P > 0.002]. Smoking and number of pack-years were additionally associated with low zinc levels. The risk of zinc deficiency in current smokers and smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years was approximately three times higher compared to those who had never smoked. Gender, body mass index, etiology of CP, presence of diabetes mellitus, levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), bone mineral density, alcohol intake and presence of PEI were not associated with low zinc levels.
CONCLUSION Zinc deficiency is common in patients with CP and is significantly associated with age ≥ 60, smoking and the number of pack-years, but not with PEI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Hedström
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Roberto Valente
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Henrik von Horn
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - J-Matthias Löhr
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Stephan L Haas
- Department for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
During recent years, an increasing percentage of male infertility has to be attributed to an array of environmental, health and lifestyle factors. Male infertility is likely to be affected by the intense exposure to heat and extreme exposure to pesticides, radiations, radioactivity and other hazardous substances. We are surrounded by several types of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and both have recognized causative effects on spermatogenesis. Since it is impossible to cover all types of radiation sources and their biological effects under a single title, this review is focusing on radiation deriving from cell phones, laptops, Wi-Fi and microwave ovens, as these are the most common sources of non-ionizing radiations, which may contribute to the cause of infertility by exploring the effect of exposure to radiofrequency radiations on the male fertility pattern. From currently available studies it is clear that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) have deleterious effects on sperm parameters (like sperm count, morphology, motility), affects the role of kinases in cellular metabolism and the endocrine system, and produces genotoxicity, genomic instability and oxidative stress. This is followed with protective measures for these radiations and future recommendations. The study concludes that the RF-EMF may induce oxidative stress with an increased level of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to infertility. This has been concluded based on available evidences from in vitro and in vivo studies suggesting that RF-EMF exposure negatively affects sperm quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hardneck F, Israel G, Pool E, Maree L. Quantitative assessment of heavy metal effects on sperm function using computer-aided sperm analysis and cytotoxicity assays. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13141. [PMID: 30225848 DOI: 10.1111/and.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One known environmental risk factor impacting on human reproduction is heavy metal pollution. Although some metals (e.g., Cu, Se and Zn) have protective effects on the male reproductive system in low doses, heavy metals can accumulate to toxic levels and result in poor semen quality and decreased sperm function. We investigated the effect of CuSO4 and CdCl2 (10, 50, 100 and 250 µg/ml or 500 µg/ml) on human sperm motility and vitality by using computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and two cytotoxicity assays (WST-1 and XTT). Several sperm motility parameters were significantly reduced after 5 hr of exposure to the highest concentrations of CuSO4 (250 µg/ml) and CdCl2 (500 µg/ml). The WST-1 assay also revealed significantly lower absorbance values for 50, 100 and 250 µg/ml CuSO4 and for 500 µg/ml CdCl2 ; however, no significant effect was seen with XTT. The calculated average IC50 value was 50.31± 4.34 µg/ml for CuSO4 and 392.32 ±76.79 µg/ml for CdCl2 . The effects of these metals were confirmed with MgCl2 , a positive control. This study provides threshold concentrations for the harmful effect of CuSO4 and CdCl2 on human spermatozoa and recommends the use of WST-1 as vitality assay in future in vitro studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farren Hardneck
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Gadieja Israel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Edmund Pool
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Liana Maree
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Borges E, Braga DPDAF, Provenza RR, Figueira RDCS, Iaconelli A, Setti AS. Paternal lifestyle factors in relation to semen quality and in vitro reproductive outcomes. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13090. [PMID: 30019480 DOI: 10.1111/and.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective-cohort study aimed at investigating the influence of paternal lifestyle factors on semen parameters and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. The influence of paternal lifestyle factors on seminal quality and ICSI outcomes was investigated in male patients undergoing conventional semen analysis. Cigarette smoking negatively influenced semen volume (B: -0.417, slope: 1.570, p = 0.047), sperm count/ml (B: -7.363, slope: 52.298, p = 0.014), total sperm count (B: -4.43, slope: 178.165, p = 0.023), total motile sperm count (B: -1.38, slope: 100.276, p = 0.045) and SDF (B: 0.014, slope: 9.767, p = 0.033). Alcohol consumption negatively influenced sperm count/ml (B: -12.527, slope: 42.255, p = 0.040) and sperm DNA fragmentation (B: 5.833, slope: 9.680, p = 0.002). There were no significant influences of other paternal lifestyle factors. Cigarette smoking negatively influenced the fertilisation rate (B: -1.349, slope: 21.950, p = 0.039) and the blastocyst formation rate (B: -14.244, slope: 28.851, p = 0.025). Alcohol consumption negatively influenced fertilisation rate (B: -3.617, slope: 20.138, p = 0.041) and blastocyst formation rate (B: -34.801, slope: 30.044, p = 0.042). Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption appear to reduce semen quality, fertilisation and blastocyst formation rates; thus, it would be wise to recommend that male partners reconsider their lifestyle during in vitro reproduction treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edson Borges
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Assumpto Iaconelli
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souza Setti
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mostafa RM, Nasrallah YS, Hassan MM, Farrag AF, Majzoub A, Agarwal A. The effect of cigarette smoking on human seminal parameters, sperm chromatin structure and condensation. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12910. [PMID: 29124782 DOI: 10.1111/and.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable debate still exists regarding the effects of cigarette smoking on male fertility. This work aimed to explore effects of cigarette smoking on semen parameters and DNA fragmentation on 95 infertile patients who were divided into infertile male nonsmokers (45) and infertile male smokers (50). Smokers were subdivided according to a number of cigarettes smoked per day into mild (≤10), moderate (11-20) and heavy smokers (≥21). Semen analysis, sperm chromatin condensation integrity with aniline blue staining and sperm viability were compared between the study groups. A significant decrease has been shown in sperm count (p = .006), progressive motility (p = <.001), percentage of normal forms (p = <.001) and viability (p = .002) between infertile nonsmoker and infertile smokers. The percentage of abnormal sperm chromatin condensation was significantly higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers (p = <.001). A linear correlation was detected between the extent of cigarette smoking and the degree of worsening in progressive motility (p = .001), total motility (p < .001), viability (p < .001) and normal morphology (p < .001). These results indicate that cigarette smoking has detrimental effects on semen parameters. It negatively affected all conventional semen parameters in addition to sperm chromatin condensation and sperm viability. These abnormalities were also proportional to the number of cigarettes smoked per day and to the duration of smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Mostafa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Andrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Y S Nasrallah
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Andrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - M M Hassan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Andrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - A F Farrag
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Andrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - A Majzoub
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - A Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lotti F, Tamburrino L, Marchiani S, Maseroli E, Vitale P, Forti G, Muratori M, Maggi M, Baldi E. DNA fragmentation in two cytometric sperm populations: relationship with clinical and ultrasound characteristics of the male genital tract. Asian J Androl 2018; 19:272-279. [PMID: 26924281 PMCID: PMC5427780 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.174854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether DNA fragmentation in two cytometric sperm populations (PIdimmer and PIbrighter) with different biological characteristics and clinical relevance is related to clinical and color-Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) parameters of the male genital tract. One hundred and sixty males of infertile couples without genetic abnormalities were evaluated for clinical, scrotal, and transrectal CDUS characteristics, presence of prostatitis-like symptoms (with the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index) and sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) in PIdimmer and PIbrighter populations (using TUNEL/PI method coupled with flow cytometry). Data were adjusted for age (Model 1) along with waistline, testosterone levels, smoking habit, and sexual abstinence (Model 2). According to the statistical Model 2, PIdimmer sDF was associated with testicular abnormalities, including lower clinical and ultrasound volume (r = -0.21 and r = -0.20, respectively; P < 0.05), higher FSH levels (r = 0.34, P < 0.0001) and occurrence of testicular inhomogeneity (P < 0.05) and hypoechogenicity (P < 0.05). PIbrighter sDF was associated with prostate-related symptoms and abnormal signs, including higher NIH-CPSI total and subdomain scores, a higher prevalence of prostatitis-like symptoms and of CDUS alterations such as macro-calcifications, severe echo-texture inhomogeneity, hyperemia (all P < 0.05), and higher arterial peak systolic velocity (r = 0.25, P < 0.05). Our results suggest that DNA fragmentation in PIdimmer sperm, which is related to poor semen quality, mainly originates in the testicles, likely due to apoptosis. Conversely, DNA fragmentation in PIbrighter sperm appears to mainly originate during or after transit through the prostate, increasing with the presence of an inflammatory status of the organ. These results could lead to new perspectives for the identification of therapeutic targets to reduce sDF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lotti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Tamburrino
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Marchiani
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Maseroli
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vitale
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Forti
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Muratori
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Baldi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50036, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tvrdá E, López-Fernández C, Sánchez-Martín P, Gosálvez J. Sperm DNA fragmentation in donors and normozoospermic patients attending for a first spermiogram: Static and dynamic assessment. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12986. [PMID: 29392785 DOI: 10.1111/and.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Static assessment of sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF at the time of ejaculation or sperm thawing when cryopreserved) and the dynamic assessment of SDF (SDF assessed after T2 hr, T6 hr and T24 hr of sperm thawing) were used to establish cut-off values associated with sperm donors when compared with closely related normozoospermic patients. Cryopreserved samples from donors revealed SDF levels two times lower in comparison with the patients. Donor sperm DNA exhibited a 2.5 times higher longevity when compared with the patients. Static values of SDF after thawing of approximately 11% identify the donors with a 71% of sensitivity and 84% specificity. With respect to the dynamic assessment, SDF increases of 2.3 per hr during the first 2 hr of incubation identify the donors with 70% of sensitivity and 66% of specificity. Creating the Rate of Combined Damage (RCD) defined as the product of SDF-T0 by the increase in the damage registered during the first 2 hr of incubation (r-SDF-T0-2 ), an index of RCD = 22.2 units has an identification capacity of donors with a 78% sensitivity and 77% specificity. Such cut-off values could be used to characterise donors with high chromatin resistance to damage when meeting the above-established criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Tvrdá
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - C López-Fernández
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Sánchez-Martín
- Clinica Ginemed, C/Farmacéutico Murillo Herrera 3, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Gosálvez
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Esteves SC, Majzoub A, Agarwal A. More good than harm should be expected when Testi-ICSI is applied to oligozoospermic men with post-testicular sperm DNA fragmentation. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:S381-S384. [PMID: 29082983 PMCID: PMC5643725 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.03.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Referral Center for Male Reproduction, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aberrant DNA methylation patterns of human spermatozoa in current smoker males. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 71:126-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
41
|
Beal MA, Yauk CL, Marchetti F. From sperm to offspring: Assessing the heritable genetic consequences of paternal smoking and potential public health impacts. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:26-50. [PMID: 28927533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who smoke generally do so with the knowledge of potential consequences to their own health. What is rarely considered are the effects of smoking on their future children. The objective of this work was to review the scientific literature on the effects of paternal smoking on sperm and assess the consequences to offspring. A literature search identified over 200 studies with relevant data in humans and animal models. The available data were reviewed to assess the weight of evidence that tobacco smoke is a human germ cell mutagen and estimate effect sizes. These results were used to model the potential increase in genetic disease burden in offspring caused by paternal smoking, with specific focus on aneuploid syndromes and intellectual disability, and the socioeconomic impacts of such an effect. The review revealed strong evidence that tobacco smoking is associated with impaired male fertility, and increases in DNA damage, aneuploidies, and mutations in sperm. Studies support that these effects are heritable and adversely impact the offspring. Our model estimates that, with even a modest 25% increase in sperm mutation frequency caused by smoke-exposure, for each generation across the global population there will be millions of smoking-induced de novo mutations transmitted from fathers to offspring. Furthermore, paternal smoking is estimated to contribute to 1.3 million extra cases of aneuploid pregnancies per generation. Thus, the available evidence makes a compelling case that tobacco smoke is a human germ cell mutagen with serious public health and socio-economic implications. Increased public education should be encouraged to promote abstinence from smoking, well in advance of reproduction, to minimize the transmission of harmful mutations to the next-generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Beal
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Al Khaled Y, Tierling S, Laqqan M, Lo Porto C, Hammadeh ME. Cigarette smoking induces only marginal changes in sperm DNA methylation levels of patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Al Khaled
- Gynecology & Assisted Reproduction Laboratory; Department of Obstetrics; University of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| | - S. Tierling
- FR8.3 Life Science; Department of Genetics & Epigenetics; Saarland University; Saarbrücken Germany
| | - M. Laqqan
- Gynecology & Assisted Reproduction Laboratory; Department of Obstetrics; University of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| | - C. Lo Porto
- FR8.3 Life Science; Department of Genetics & Epigenetics; Saarland University; Saarbrücken Germany
| | - M. E. Hammadeh
- Gynecology & Assisted Reproduction Laboratory; Department of Obstetrics; University of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kobayashi N, Miyauchi N, Tatsuta N, Kitamura A, Okae H, Hiura H, Sato A, Utsunomiya T, Yaegashi N, Nakai K, Arima T. Factors associated with aberrant imprint methylation and oligozoospermia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42336. [PMID: 28186187 PMCID: PMC5301220 DOI: 10.1038/srep42336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbingly, the number of patients with oligozoospermia (low sperm count) has been gradually increasing in industrialized countries. Epigenetic alterations are believed to be involved in this condition. Recent studies have clarified that intrinsic and extrinsic factors can induce epigenetic transgenerational phenotypes through apparent reprogramming of the male germ line. Here we examined DNA methylation levels of 22 human imprinted loci in a total of 221 purified sperm samples from infertile couples and found methylation alterations in 24.8% of the patients. Structural equation model suggested that the cause of imprint methylation errors in sperm might have been environmental factors. More specifically, aberrant methylation and a particular lifestyle (current smoking, excess consumption of carbonated drinks) were associated with severe oligozoospermia, while aging probably affected this pathology indirectly through the accumulation of PCB in the patients. Next we examined the pregnancy outcomes for patients when the sperm had abnormal imprint methylation. The live-birth rate decreased and the miscarriage rate increased with the methylation errors. Our research will be useful for the prevention of methylation errors in sperm from infertile men, and sperm with normal imprint methylation might increase the safety of assisted reproduction technology (ART) by reducing methylation-induced diseases of children conceived via ART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kobayashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiya-machi, Tsutsumidori, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyauchi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akane Kitamura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hiura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,St. Luke Clinic, Oita, 870-0823, Japan
| | | | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Zhou Z, Chen P, Peng H. Are healthy smokers really healthy? Tob Induc Dis 2016; 14:35. [PMID: 27891067 PMCID: PMC5111288 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-016-0101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4500 chemicals which have toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Strong evidences have shown that current smokers take a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer than nonsmokers. However, less attention has been paid to the smoking induced abnormalities in the individuals defined as healthy smokers who are normal with spirometry, radiographic images, routine physical exam and categorized as healthy control group in many researches. Actually, ‘healthy smokers’ are not healthy. This narrative review focuses on the smoking related pathophysiologic changes mainly in the respiratory system of healthy smokers, including inflammation and immune changes, genetic alterations, structural changes and pulmonary dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Does being overweight affect seminal variables in fertile men? Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:703-708. [PMID: 27697451 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of being overweight on seminal variables was assesed in 165 fertile men. Participants were divided into three groups: fertile men with normal body mass index (BMI) (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), fertile overweight men (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and fertile obese men (BMI >30 kg/m2). Medical history was taken, a clinical examination conducted. Semen analysis was undertaken and BMI measured. Seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by chemiluminescent assay, sperm vitality by the hypo-osmotic swelling test and sperm DNA fragmentation by propidium iodide staining with flowcytometry. Fertile obese men had significantly lower sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility and sperm normal morphology, with significantly higher seminal ROS and sperm DNA fragmentation compared with fertile normal-weight men and overweight men (all P < 0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with sperm concentration (r = -0.091; P = 0.014), progressive sperm motility (r = -0.697; P = 0.001), normal sperm morphology (r = -0.510; P = 0.001), sperm vitality (r = -0.586; P = 0.001), but positively correlated with sperm DNA fragmentation percentage (r = 0.799; P = 0.001) and seminal ROS (r = 0.673; P = 0.001). Increased BMI was found to affect semen parameters negatively even in fertile men.
Collapse
|
47
|
Sperm DNA damage-the effect of stress and everyday life factors. Int J Impot Res 2016; 28:148-54. [PMID: 27076112 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of sperm DNA damage lies in its association with natural conception rates and also might have a serious consequence on developmental outcome of the newborn. The aim of the present study is to determine whether stress and everyday life factors are associated with sperm DNA damage in adult men. The study population consisted of 286 men who attended the infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes and who had normal semen concentration of 20-300 m ml(-1) or with slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15-20 m ml(-1)) (WHO, 1999). Participants were interviewed and provided a semen sample. The sperm chromatin structure assay was assessed using flow cytometry. In the present study, we found evidence for a relationship between sperm DNA damage parameters and everyday life factors. High and medium level of occupational stress and age increase DNA fragmentation index (P=0.03, P=0.004 and P=0.03, respectively). Other lifestyle factors that were positively associated with percentage of immature sperms (high DNA stainability index) included: obesity and cell phone use for more than 10 years (P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively). Our findings indicate that stress and lifestyle factor may affect sperm DNA damage. Data from the present study showed a significant effect of age, obesity, mobile phone radiation and occupational stress on sperm DNA damage. As DNA fragmentation represents an extremely important parameter indicative of infertility and potential outcome of assisted reproduction treatment, and most of the lifestyle factors are easily modifiable, the information about factors that may affect DNA damage are important.
Collapse
|
48
|
Salahshoor MR, Khazaei M, Jalili C, Keivan M. Crocin Improves Damage Induced by Nicotine on A Number of Reproductive Parameters in Male Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2016; 10:71-8. [PMID: 27123203 PMCID: PMC4845532 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Crocin, a carotenoid isolated from Crocus sativus L. (saffron), is a pharmacologically active component of saffron. Nicotine consumption can decrease fertility
in males through induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage. The aim of this study
is to determine the effects of crocin on reproductive parameter damages in male mice
exposed to nicotine. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we divided 48 mice into 8 groups
(n=6 per group): control (normal saline), nicotine (2.5 mg/kg), crocin (12.5, 25 and 50
mg/kg) and crocin (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg)+nicotine (2.5 mg/kg). Mice received once
daily intraperitoneal injections of crocin, nicotine and crocin+nicotine for 4 weeks.
Sperm parameters (count, motility, and viability), testis weight, seminiferous tube diameters, testosterone, and serum nitric oxide levels were analyzed and compared. Results Nicotine administration significantly decreased testosterone level; sperm count,
viability, and motility; testis weight and seminiferous tubule diameters compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, increasing the dose of crocin in the crocin and crocin+nicotine
groups significantly boosted sperm motility and viability; seminiferous tubule diameters;
testis weight; and testosterone levels in all groups compared to the nicotine group (P<0.05). Conclusion Crocin improves nicotine-induced adverse effects on reproductive parameters in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Salahshoor
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mona Keivan
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang L, Han L, Liu P, Yang J, Cui Y, Bai H, Liu J, Huang Y, Huang J, Huang C, Zhao B. Moxa smoke: Is it a beneficial or hazardous factor for infertility? A preclinical study on sperm parameters and sex hormones in male rats. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
50
|
Harlev A, Agarwal A, Gunes SO, Shetty A, du Plessis SS. Smoking and Male Infertility: An Evidence-Based Review. World J Mens Health 2015; 33:143-60. [PMID: 26770934 PMCID: PMC4709430 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.2015.33.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that the contents of cigarette smoke negatively affect sperm parameters, seminal plasma, and various other fertility factors. Nevertheless, the actual effect of smoking on male fertility is not clear. The effect of smoking on semen parameters is based on the well-established biological finding that smoking increases the presence of reactive oxygen species, thereby resulting in oxidative stress (OS). OS has devastating effects on sperm parameters, such as viability and morphology, and impairs sperm function, hence reducing male fertility. However, not all studies have come to the same conclusions. This review sheds light upon the arguable association between smoking and male fertility and also assesses the impact of non-smoking routes of tobacco consumption on male infertility. It also highlights the evidence that links smoking with male infertility, including newly emerging genetic and epigenetic data, and discusses the clinical implications thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Harlev
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Fertility and In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sezgin Ozgur Gunes
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Department of Medical Biology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Amit Shetty
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stefan Simon du Plessis
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|