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Beyer K, Moris L, Lardas M, Haire A, Barletta F, Scuderi S, Molnar M, Herrera R, Rauf A, Campi R, Greco I, Shiranov K, Dabestani S, van den Broeck T, Arun S, Gacci M, Gandaglia G, Omar MI, MacLennan S, Roobol MJ, Farahmand B, Vradi E, Devecseri Z, Asiimwe A, Zong J, Maclennan SJ, Collette L, NDow J, Briganti A, Bjartell A, Van Hemelrijck M. Diagnostic and prognostic factors in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058267. [PMID: 35379637 PMCID: PMC8981333 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As part of the PIONEER Consortium objectives, we have explored which diagnostic and prognostic factors (DPFs) are available in relation to our previously defined clinician and patient-reported outcomes for prostate cancer (PCa). DESIGN We performed a systematic review to identify validated and non-validated studies. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched on 21 January 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Only quantitative studies were included. Single studies with fewer than 50 participants, published before 2014 and looking at outcomes which are not prioritised in the PIONEER core outcome set were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS After initial screening, we extracted data following the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of prognostic factor studies (CHARMS-PF) criteria and discussed the identified factors with a multidisciplinary expert group. The quality of the included papers was scored for applicability and risk of bias using validated tools such as PROBAST, Quality in Prognostic Studies and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. RESULTS The search identified 6604 studies, from which 489 DPFs were included. Sixty-four of those were internally or externally validated. However, only three studies on diagnostic and seven studies on prognostic factors had a low risk of bias and a low risk concerning applicability. CONCLUSION Most of the DPFs identified require additional evaluation and validation in properly designed studies before they can be recommended for use in clinical practice. The PIONEER online search tool for DPFs for PCa will enable researchers to understand the quality of the current research and help them design future studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There are no ethical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Beyer
- Translational and Oncology Research (TOUR), King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lisa Moris
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Lardas
- Department of Urology, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Haire
- Translational and Oncology Research (TOUR), King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Francesco Barletta
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Scuderi
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Urology, Mid Cheshire Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Crewe, UK
| | - Riccardo Campi
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Isabella Greco
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Saeed Dabestani
- Dept. of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Kristianstad Central Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mauro Gacci
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jihong Zong
- Global Medical Affairs Oncology, Real World Evidence, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Whippany, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - James NDow
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, University Vita e Salute-San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational and Oncology Research (TOUR), King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
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Matulay JT, DeCastro GJ. Radical Prostatectomy for High-risk Localized or Node-Positive Prostate Cancer: Removing the Primary. Curr Urol Rep 2018; 18:53. [PMID: 28589400 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-017-0703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed the literature to determine what role, if any, radical prostatectomy should play in the treatment of high-risk and/or node-positive prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS The AUA, NCCN, and EAU all include radical prostatectomy as a treatment option for high-risk prostate cancer based on evidence that has shown improvements in biochemical-free and disease-specific survival. Lymph node-positive patients may also derive benefit from radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection, however, only retrospective studies with high risk of selection bias have been published to date. High-risk prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease representing a wide range of disease characteristics. Radical surgery, historically avoided in such patients, may now be considered a valid treatment option for select cases. The adverse effects of surgery using modern techniques lead to similar quality of life outcomes as radiation therapy, and treatment of the primary tumor is likely beneficial when compared to ADT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Matulay
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, 161 Fort Washington Ave, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - G Joel DeCastro
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, 161 Fort Washington Ave, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Is More Always Better? An Assessment of the Impact of Lymph Node Yield on Outcome for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer with Low/Intermediate Risk Pathology (pT2-3a/pN0) Managed with Prostatectomy Alone. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 25:209-215. [PMID: 29079967 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical impact of lymph node dissection extent remains undetermined in the contemporary setting, as reflected in care pattern variations. Despite some series demonstrating a direct relationship between number of lymph nodes identified and detection of nodal involvement, the correlation between lymph node yield and disease control or survival outcomes remains unclear. Patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, pre-RP PSA <30, and pT2-3a/N0 disease at RP were retrospectively identified from two databases for inclusion. Those who received pre- or post-RP radiotherapy or hormone therapy were excluded. Kaplan-Meier method was employed for survival probability estimation. Cox regression models were used to assess bRFS differences between subsets. From 2002 to 2010, 667 eligible patients were identified. The median age was 61 yrs. (range, 43-76), with median PSA 5.6 ng/dL (0.9-28.0). At RP, most patients had pT2c (64%) disease with Gleason Score (GS) ≤6 (43%) or 7 (48%); 218 (33%) patients had positive margins (M+). At median clinical and PSA follow-up of 96 and 87 months, respectively, 146 patients (22%) experienced PSA failure with an estimated bRFS of 81%/76% at 5/8 years. For patients who underwent LND, univariable analysis identified PSA (at diagnosis), higher GS (≥7, at biopsy or RP), intermediate/high risk stratification, M+ as adversely associated with bRFS (all p < 0.01). A higher number of LNs excised was not associated with improved bRFS for the entire cohort (HR = 0.97, p = 0.27), nor for any clinical risk stratum, biopsy GS, or RP GS subgroup. This study did not demonstrate an association between LN yield and bRFS in patients with clinically localized pT2-3a/pN0 prostate cancer managed with RP alone, either in the entire population or with substratification by clinical risk stratum or GS.
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Modi PK, Bock M, Kim S, Singer EA, Parikh RR. Utilization of Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Patients With Low-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated With Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 15:e1001-e1006. [PMID: 28558990 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is not recommended for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, the rate of PLND in this population is unknown. METHODS We queried the National Cancer Data Base for PCa patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy from 2010 to 2013 and stratified them by D'Amico risk classification. We identified the frequency of PLND in low-risk patients and identified factors associated with receipt of PLND. Further, we determined the number of lymph nodes evaluated (quality) and proportion of patients with detected nodal metastatic disease (utility) in each risk group. RESULTS Of 51,971 patients with low-risk PCa who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, 19,059 (36.7%) received PLND. Predictors of PLND in low-risk patients included rural residence (odds ratio [OR], 1.157; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.009-1.327), treatment at an academic center (OR, 1.492; 95% CI 1.188-1.874), and high-volume facility (OR, 1.327; 95% CI, 1.078-1.633). The mean number of lymph nodes obtained in low-risk patients was lower than in intermediate/high-risk patients (4.74 vs. 5.86, P < .0001). Lymph node positivity was identified in 0.4% of low-risk patients and 4.6% of intermediate/high-risk patients. CONCLUSION While PLND is not recommended for low-risk PCa by clinical practice guidelines, it was performed frequently (36.7%) in a large hospital-based data set. PLND in this population was of lower quality (nodal yield) and had less utility of detecting nodal metastatic disease than PLND in intermediate/high-risk PCa. Treatment at a high-volume or academic center was associated with increased use of PLND. Reasons for the variation in practice patterns should be investigated to improve the value of PCa care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth K Modi
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Megan Bock
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Sinae Kim
- Biometrics Division, Department of Biostatistics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Eric A Singer
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Rahul R Parikh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ.
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