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Aktary ML, Shewchuk B, Wang Q, Hyndman E, Shack L, Robson PJ, Kopciuk KA. Health-Related and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Prostate Cancer Stage at Diagnosis among Males Participating in Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Prostate Cancer 2023; 2023:4426167. [PMID: 38020965 PMCID: PMC10656198 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4426167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) stage at diagnosis is an important predictor of cancer prognosis. In Canada, over one-quarter of males are diagnosed with advanced-stage PCa. Studies have identified several factors associated with PCa stage at diagnosis; however, evidence from Canada is limited. This study aimed to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics, health history, health practices, and psychosocial factors and PCa stage at diagnosis among males participating in Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP), a prospective cohort in Alberta, Canada. The study included males aged 35-69 years who developed PCa until January 2018. Factors associated with PCa stage at diagnosis were examined using partial proportional odds (PPO) ordinal regression models. A total of 410 males were diagnosed with PCa over the study period. A higher number of lifetime prostate-specific antigen tests were associated with earlier-stage PCa (OR 0.91, p = 0.02, 95% CI 0.83-0.99), while higher abdominal circumference (OR 1.02, p = 0.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.03), lower social support (OR 2.34, p < 0.01, 95% CI 1.31-4.17), and having children (OR 2.67, p < 0.01, 95% CI 1.38-5.16) were associated with later-stage disease. This study identified factors previously found in the literature as well as novel factors associated with PCa stage at diagnosis, which can help inform targets for cancer prevention programs to improve PCa prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Aktary
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brittany Shewchuk
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, T2S 3C3, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, T2S 3C3, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Hyndman
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, University of Calgary, 1403 29 Street NW, T2N 2T9, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Southern Alberta Institute of Urology, Office 6635, 7007 14 Street SW, T2V 1P9, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Cancer Surveillance and Reporting, Alberta Health Services, 1400-10123 99 Street Edmonton, T5J 3H1, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paula J. Robson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Avenue, T6G 2R3, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, 10030-107 Street NW, T5J 3E4, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen A. Kopciuk
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, T2S 3C3, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Oncology, Community Health Sciences, and Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Arthur A, Mensah‐Asamoah A, Brown EKM, Ocansey AK, Deku PD, Moses MO. Work ability and anthropometric indices correlate with cardiovascular risk factors in public sector employees: Cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1728. [PMID: 38028706 PMCID: PMC10663432 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Understanding the correlation of work ability (WA) and anthropometric indices with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors among public sector employees (PSE) is vital for policy direction. This study examined the correlation between work ability, anthropometric indices, and cardiovascular risk factors among PSEs. Methods The cross-sectional study had 254 (mean age = 37.18 ± 10.34) PSE. A self-reported WA index was used to measure WA. Blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and visceral fat were measured. Lifestyle CVDs risk history was also obtained. Results 3.9% had moderate, 51.2% good, and 44.9% excellent WA. 37.4% overweight, 20.1% obese, 19.7% hypertension history, 67.7% no physical activity history. WA correlates with increased systolic BP, BMI, WC, WHR, weight to height ratio, and visceral fat significantly. Age 24-29 (aOR = 26.38), 30-39 (aOR = 7.52), and 40-49 (aOR = 4.94) independently predict excellent WA. Overweight (aOR = 0.44) independently predict decreased excellent WA. Conclusion Participants were hypertension-prone, had increased WC, WHR, physically inactive, overweight, and obese. WA and anthropometric indices of the participants predict CVDs risks. Workplace health care strategy should be put in place to control BP, BMI, WC, WHR, weight to height ratio, and visceral fat as CVDs risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arthur
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Anthony Mensah‐Asamoah
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Eleazer Kofi Mensah Brown
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Anita Kabuki Ocansey
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Prince De‐Gaulle Deku
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Monday Omoniyi Moses
- Department of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Vick LV, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Multifaceted effects of obesity on cancer immunotherapies: Bridging preclinical models and clinical data. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:88-102. [PMID: 37499846 PMCID: PMC10836337 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, defined by excessive body fat, is a highly complex condition affecting numerous physiological processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, and cellular homeostasis. These multifaceted effects impact cells and tissues throughout the host, including immune cells as well as cancer biology. Because of the multifaceted nature of obesity, common parameters used to define it (such as body mass index in humans) can be problematic, and more nuanced methods are needed to characterize the pleiotropic metabolic effects of obesity. Obesity is well-accepted as an overall negative prognostic factor for cancer incidence, progression, and outcome. This is in part due to the meta-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of obesity. Immunotherapy is increasingly used in cancer therapy, and there are many different types of immunotherapy approaches. The effects of obesity on immunotherapy have only recently been studied with the demonstration of an "obesity paradox", in which some immune therapies have been demonstrated to result in greater efficacy in obese subjects despite the direct adverse effects of obesity and excess body fat acting on the cancer itself. The multifactorial characteristics that influence the effects of obesity (age, sex, lean muscle mass, underlying metabolic conditions and drugs) further confound interpretation of clinical data and necessitate the use of more relevant preclinical models mirroring these variables in the human scenario. Such models will allow for more nuanced mechanistic assessment of how obesity can impact, both positively and negatively, cancer biology, host metabolism, immune regulation, and how these intersecting processes impact the delivery and outcome of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan V Vick
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Malignant Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Transplantation, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Jiang R, Wang X, Li Z, Cai H, Sun Z, Wu S, Chen S, Hu H. Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with the risk of urologic cancers: a prospective cohort study. BMC Urol 2023; 23:150. [PMID: 37736725 PMCID: PMC10514929 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and the risk of developing urologic cancers. METHODS This study included 101,510 observation subjects from May 2006 to December 2007. The subjects received questionnaires and were subjected to clinical and laboratory examinations to collect data on baseline population characteristics, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, blood lipids, lifestyle, and past disease history. Finally, follow-up was conducted from the date of recruitment to December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards modelling was applied to analyze the association between MetS and its components and the risk of developing urologic cancers. RESULTS A total of 97,975 observation subjects met the inclusion criteria. The cumulative follow-up period included 1,209,178.65 person-years, and the median follow-up time was 13.03 years. During the follow-up period, 485 cases of urologic cancers (165 cases of kidney cancer, 134 cases of prostate cancer, 158 cases of bladder cancer, and 28 cases of other urologic cancers) were diagnosed. The log-rank test results for the cumulative incidences of urologic cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer indicated significant (P < 0.01) differences between the MetS and non-MetS groups (0.70% vs. 0.48%, 0.27% vs. 0.15%, and 0.22% vs. 0.13%, respectively). Compared to the non-MetS group, the risk of developing urologic [HR (95% CI) = 1.29 (1.08-1.55)], kidney [HR (95% CI) = 1.74 (1.28-2.37)], and prostate [HR (95% CI) = 1.47 (1.04-2.07)] cancers was significantly higher in the MetS group. In the MetS group, elevated BP increased the risk of developing of urologic cancer [HRs (95% CI) = 1.35 (1.10-1.66)] and kidney cancer [HR (95% CI) = 1.74 (1.21-2.51)], while central obesity increased the risk of developing prostate cancer [HR (95% CI) = 1.68 (1.18-2.40)]. CONCLUSIONS MetS increased the risk of developing urologic, kidney, and prostate cancers but had no association with the development of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxue Jiang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, No.65 Shengli Road, Tangshan, 063000, China
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No.23 Pingjiang Road, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Tangshan Hongci Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No.23 Pingjiang Road, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Haifeng Cai
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, No.65 Shengli Road, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, No.65 Shengli Road, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Health Department of Kailuan (Group), Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Health Department of Kailuan (Group), Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No.23 Pingjiang Road, Tianjin, 300211, China.
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Ziglioli F, Patera A, Isgrò G, Campobasso D, Guarino G, Maestroni U. Impact of modifiable lifestyle risk factors for prostate cancer prevention: a review of the literature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1203791. [PMID: 37746271 PMCID: PMC10515617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1203791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men, the impact of modifiable risk and protective factors is still being debated. This review aims to qualitatively summarize the most recent studies related to potential healthy lifestyle factors affecting the development of PCa. Methods for data acquisition The literature focusing on modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer was reviewed. Medline and Embase via the Ovid database were searched, and all relevant and inherent articles were analyzed. Non-eligible publications, such as review articles, editorials, comments, guidelines, or case reports, were excluded. Synthesis of the evidence obtained from data analysis This review confirms that there is strong evidence that being overweight or obese increases the risk of advanced prostate cancer (assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio), particularly considering central adiposity and ethnicity as contributing factors. The possible contribution of smoking still seems not entirely clear, while alcohol seems to affect PCa prevention in patients taking 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs). Dietary fibers may have anti-inflammatory properties and improve insulin sensitivity by reducing IGF bioactivity. In particular, dietary fiber intake like insoluble and legume fibers may be inversely associated with prostate cancer risk. Also, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, with untreated diabetic fasting blood glucose levels, could be modifiable prostate cancer risk factors. In two studies, aspirin was associated with a lower risk of lethal PCa and overall mortality. Concerning the role of vitamins, despite conflicting and divergent results, serum retinol concentration seems to be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and high-grade prostate cancer. Some studies resulted in disagreement about the role of selenium and vitamin E. We found inconsistent and controversial findings about the association between vitamin D and prostate cancer risk. Conclusion Far from being conclusive evidence, our findings confirm some strong evidence already found in the previous literature and highlight the need to clarify the role of some risk factors whose role is not yet completely known. This effort would facilitate the cultural and social change that may allow the shift from the treatment of prostate cancer when diagnosed to the real efforts needed for systematic prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalisa Patera
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Isgrò
- Department of Urology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giulio Guarino
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Lasorsa F, di Meo NA, Rutigliano M, Ferro M, Terracciano D, Tataru OS, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G. Emerging Hallmarks of Metabolic Reprogramming in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020910. [PMID: 36674430 PMCID: PMC9863674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common male malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Prostate cancer cells are characterized by a hybrid glycolytic/oxidative phosphorylation phenotype determined by androgen receptor signaling. An increased lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis have been described in PCa cells. Many studies have shown that enzymes involved in these pathways are overexpressed in PCa. Glutamine becomes an essential amino acid for PCa cells, and its metabolism is thought to become an attractive therapeutic target. A crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells occurs in the tumor microenvironment because of the release of different cytokines and growth factors and due to changes in the extracellular matrix. A deeper insight into the metabolic changes may be obtained by a multi-omic approach integrating genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and radiomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lasorsa
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio di Meo
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Octavian Sabin Tataru
- The Institution Organizing University Doctoral Studies (I.O.S.U.D.), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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Morelli C, Formica V, Patrikidou A, Rofei M, Shiu KK, Riondino S, Argirò R, Floris R, Ferlosio A, Orlandi A, Roselli M, Arkenau HT. Nutritional index for immune-checkpoint inhibitor in patients with metastatic gastro-esophageal junction/gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:2072-2081. [PMID: 36388663 PMCID: PMC9660047 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status is strongly associated to prognosis in metastatic gastrooesophageal junction (mGOJ)/gastric cancer (GC) patients. The aim of the present study was to develop an immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-specific nutritional index (NI). METHODS Ten serum and anthropometric nutritional markers derived from blood tests or CT scans were analyzed at baseline in patients treated with second-line ICI and correlated with overall survival (OS). An ICI-specific NI (the NUTRIICI) was developed with its specificity assessed in an independent group of patients treated with standard second-line chemotherapy. RESULTS From June 2014 to December 2018, 57 mGOJ/GC patients (14 females, 43 males) with a median(m) age of 61 years (range 29-85) received ICI as second-line therapy (Pembrolizumab n=26, Nivolumab n=16, Avelumab n=15). Among the 10 analyzed variables, Onodera's prognostic NI (PNI) ≤33 and waist-to-hip (WHR) <1 were independent predictors of OS and used to build the NUTRIICI. Patients with both favorable factors (i.e., PNI >33 and WHR ≥1, comparator group) had a mOS of 18.0 vs. 6.7 months of patients with one unfavorable factor (either PNI ≤33 or WHR <1, Hazard Ratio, HR 3.06), vs. 1.3 months of patients with both unfavorable factors (HR 17.56), overall P<0.0001. In the independent group of patients treated with standard chemotherapy NUTRIICI was not associated with prognosis (P=0.57). CONCLUSIONS NUTRIICI is the first ICI-specific NI for mOGJ/GC patients receiving second-line ICI. A validation in larger cohorts is strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morelli
- Medical Oncology Unit and PhD program in Systems and Experimental Medicine (XXXV cycle), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Formica
- Medical Oncology Unit and PhD program in Systems and Experimental Medicine (XXXV cycle), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Patrikidou
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Michela Rofei
- Medical Oncology Unit and PhD program in Systems and Experimental Medicine (XXXV cycle), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kai Keen Shiu
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Silvia Riondino
- Medical Oncology Unit and PhD program in Systems and Experimental Medicine (XXXV cycle), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Argirò
- Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Floris
- Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Amedeo Ferlosio
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Roselli
- Medical Oncology Unit and PhD program in Systems and Experimental Medicine (XXXV cycle), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Yuan R, Liu K, Cai Y, He F, Xiao X, Zou J. Body shape and risk of glaucoma: A Mendelian randomization. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:999974. [PMID: 36213644 PMCID: PMC9538570 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.999974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body size (BS) is one of the risk factors for the development of many clinical diseases, but the relationship between BS and glaucoma is controversial. Herein, we try to use Mendelian randomization (MR) method to study BS causal association with glaucoma risk from the genetic level. Methods The Body Size was determined through anthropometric traits (ATs), such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio adjusted by body mass index (WHRadjBMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC). Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with each AT and glaucoma were determined individually from the aggregated data of the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium and the FinnGen study summary data (8,591 cases with glaucoma and 210,201 controls). To explore the role of BS and glaucoma, a two-sample MR analysis was performed on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Besides, three MR methods [inverse variance weighted (IVW), Weighted median, and MR-Egger regression] were used to get the whole causal estimate for multiple instrumental SNPs. Results BMI (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02-1.41; P = 0.03) and WC (OR = 1.32; 95% CI =1.04-1.69; P = 0.03) were associated with a risk of glaucoma. Besides, genetically predicted WHRadjBMI (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.88-1.35; P = 0.43) and WHR (OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 0.93-1,572; P = 0.14) were not associated with glaucoma. No heterogeneity and directional pleiotropy were detected. Conclusion The data of this study revealed that increased BMI and WC are potential risk factors for glaucoma, and WHRadjBMI and WHR are not associated with the occurrence of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Yuan
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kangcheng Liu
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingjun Cai
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Xiao
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Metabolic Syndrome and Physical Inactivity May Be Shared Etiological Agents of Prostate Cancer and Coronary Heart Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040936. [PMID: 35205684 PMCID: PMC8869868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the 2 conditions may share common causes. We investigated the association between CVDs and PCa. Clinical data from patients undergone prostate biopsy were collected, physical activity (PA) was assessed and coronary heart diseases (CHDs) recorded. PCa was diagnosed in 395/955 men and 238 were aggressive tumors. Although CHDs were more common among PCa-patients (9.4% vs. 7.5%) the difference was not statistically significant and no difference was observed between low- and high-grade subgroups (9.5% vs. 9.2%). PA significantly reduced the risk of PCa diagnosis and aggressiveness while MetS only increased the risk of being diagnosed with cancer. CHDs were associated neither with tumor diagnosis nor aggressiveness. MetS and PA are strong predictors of PCa. We failed to prove a significant association between PCa and CHDs. Abstract As metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a sedentary lifestyle have been associated with an increased risk of developing both prostate cancer (PCa) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the 2 conditions may share a common etiology. We aimed at investigating the association between CVDs and PCa. A retrospective analysis was performed. Our dataset on patients undergone systematic prostate biopsy was searched for histopathologic and clinical data. The physical activity (PA) scale for the elderly (PASE) was collected. Coronary heart diseases (CHDs) were recorded. Prognostic Grade Group ≥3 tumors were defined as high-grade (HG). The association between MetS, PA, CHDs and PCa was assessed using logistic regression analyses. Data on 955 patients were collected; 209 (22%) presented with MetS, 79 (8%) with CHDs. PCa was diagnosed in 395 (41.3%) men and 60% (n = 238) presented with an high-grade tumor. CHDs were more common among PCa-patients (9.4% vs. 7.5%; p = 0.302) but the difference was not statistically significant. No difference was observed between low- and high-grade subgroups (9.5% vs. 9.2%; p = 0.874). PASE independently predicted PCa diagnosis (OR: 0.287; p = 0.001) and HG-PCa (OR: 0.165; p = 0.001). MetS was an independent predictor of HG-PCa only (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.100–2.560; p = 0.023). CHDs were not associated with tumor diagnosis and aggressiveness.
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Agalliu I, Lin WKJ, Zhang JS, Jacobson JS, Rohan TE, Adusei B, Snyper NYF, Andrews C, Sidahmed E, Mensah JE, Biritwum R, Adjei AA, Okyne V, Ainuson-Quampah J, Fernandez P, Irusen H, Odiaka E, Folasire OF, Ifeoluwa MG, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Nwegbu MM, Pentz A, Chen WC, Joffe M, Neugut AI, Diallo TA, Jalloh M, Rebbeck TR, Adebiyi AO, Hsing AW. Overall and central obesity and prostate cancer risk in African men. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:223-239. [PMID: 34783926 PMCID: PMC8776598 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE African men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer (PCa). Given the increasing prevalence of obesity in Africa, and its association with aggressive PCa in other populations, we examined the relationship of overall and central obesity with risks of total and aggressive PCa among African men. METHODS Between 2016 and 2020, we recruited 2,200 PCa cases and 1,985 age-matched controls into a multi-center, hospital-based case-control study in Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, and South Africa. Participants completed an epidemiologic questionnaire, and anthropometric factors were measured at clinic visit. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations of overall and central obesity with PCa risk, measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), respectively. RESULTS Among controls 16.4% were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), 26% and 90% had WC > 97 cm and WHR > 0.9, respectively. Cases with aggressive PCa had lower BMI/obesity in comparison to both controls and cases with less aggressive PCa, suggesting weight loss related to cancer. Overall obesity (odds ratio: OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.99-1.93), and central obesity (WC > 97 cm: OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.10-2.33; and WHtR > 0.59: OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.24-2.29) were positively associated with D'Amico intermediate-risk PCa, but not with risks of total or high-risk PCa. Associations were more pronounced in West versus South Africa, but these differences were not statistically significant. DISCUSSION The high prevalence of overall and central obesity in African men and their association with intermediate-risk PCa represent an emerging public health concern in Africa. Large cohort studies are needed to better clarify the role of obesity and PCa in various African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Wei-Kaung Jerry Lin
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Janice S Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Judith S Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elkhansa Sidahmed
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James E Mensah
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Biritwum
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Victoria Okyne
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joana Ainuson-Quampah
- College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Emeka Odiaka
- College of Medicine and University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, and University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Madueke Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, and University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Audrey Pentz
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wenlong Carl Chen
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (Pty) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thierno Amadou Diallo
- Institut de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé Familiale, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mohamed Jalloh
- Institut de Formation et de la Recherche en Urologie et de la Santé Familiale, Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, 780 Welch Road, Room 250D, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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11
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Chiang CY, Lin V, Tung MC, Wu CH, Wu R, Kuo WT, Mai HC, Chen SH. Does obesity affect the outcomes of clinically localized prostate cancer in the era of extraperitoneal robot-assisted radical prostatectomy? UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/uros.uros_139_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Sattayapiwat O, Wan P, Hernandez BY, Le Marchand L, Wilkens L, Haiman CA. Association of Anthropometric Measures With the Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1770-1783. [PMID: 33751036 PMCID: PMC8675395 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk, conducted primarily in White men, positive associations with advanced disease have been reported. We assessed body size in relation to incident prostate cancer risk in 79,950 men from the Multiethnic Cohort, with 8,819 cases identified over 22 years (1993-2015). Height was associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (≥68 inches (≥ 173 cm) vs. < 66 inches (168 cm); hazard ratio (HR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.48) and high-grade disease (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.31). Compared with men of normal weight, men overweight at baseline were at higher risk of high-grade cancer (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). Greater weight was positively associated with localized and low-grade disease in Blacks and Native Hawaiians (by race, P for heterogeneity = 0.0002 and 0.008, respectively). Weight change since age 21 years was positively associated with high-grade disease (for ≥ 40 pounds (18 kg) vs. 10 pounds (4.5 kg), HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.37; P for trend = 0.005). Comparing highest versus lowest quartile, waist-to-hip ratio was associated with a 1.78-fold increase (95% CI: 1.28, 2.46) in the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Positive associations with the majority of anthropometric measures were observed in all 5 racial/ethnic groups, suggesting a general impact of anthropometric measures on risk across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher A Haiman
- Correspondence to Dr. Christopher A. Haiman, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Harlyne Norris Research Tower, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1504A, Mail Code LG591 MC9601, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (e-mail: )
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13
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Cheng BKC, Castellani D, Chan ISH, Baker A, Gauhar V, Wroclawski ML, Santamaria HT, Tanidir Y, Enikeev D, Chan VWS, Ng CF, Herrmann T, Teoh JYC. Incidence, predictive factors and oncological outcomes of incidental prostate cancer after endoscopic enucleation of the prostate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Urol 2021; 40:87-101. [PMID: 34142230 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review aims at reporting the incidence, predictive factors, and the oncological outcomes of incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) in men who underwent endoscopic enucleation of prostate (EEP). METHODS A literature search was performed using the following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords: "Prostatic Neoplasms", "Prostate Cancer", "Transurethral Resection of Prostate", "Prostate resection", "Prostate enucleation". Meta-analysis was performed if there were two or more studies reporting the same outcome under the same definition. In case of insufficient data, results were presented in a narrative manner. RESULTS Sixty-one studies were included in qualitative synthesis and 55 were included in meta-analysis. The pooled IPCa rate was 0.08 (95% CI 0.073-0.088). Increasing age, higher preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, higher preoperative PSA density (PSAD), smaller prostate volume, higher postoperative PSA velocity and lower enucleated prostate weight, were reported to have significant correlation with IPCa. In BPH patients, the mean pre-operative and post-operative PSA levels were 5.58 ± 1.48 ng/dL and 1.06 ± 0.27 ng/dL, respectively. In patients with IPCa, the mean pre-operative and post-operative PSA levels were 7.72 ± 2.90 ng/dL and 2.77 ± 1.66 ng/dL, respectively. The mean percentage PSA reduction was 82.0% ± 1.8% for BPH patients and 68.2% ± 12.1% for IPCa patients. IPCa was most commonly managed by active surveillance (68.7%). CONCLUSIONS The pooled incidence of IPCa after EEP was 8%. An absolute post-operative PSA level of < 2.0 and a percentage PSA reduction of > 70% should be expected in BPH patients after EEP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Castellani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital "Ospedali Riuniti" and Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ivan Sik-Hei Chan
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abu Baker
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vineet Gauhar
- Department of Urology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, NUHS, Jurong East, Singapore
| | - Marcelo Langer Wroclawski
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- BP-a Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Yiloren Tanidir
- Department of Urology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vinson Wai-Shun Chan
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Department of Urology, Spital Thurgau AG, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Hanover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Vallières E, Mésidor M, Roy-Gagnon MH, Richard H, Parent MÉ. General and abdominal obesity trajectories across adulthood, and risk of prostate cancer: results from the PROtEuS study, Montreal, Canada. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:653-665. [PMID: 33818663 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Greater body fatness is a probable cause of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Body fat distribution and timing of exposure may be relevant. We investigated associations between body size trajectories and PCa incidence in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. METHODS Cases (n = 1,931), aged ≤ 75 years, were diagnosed with PCa in 2005-2009; 1,994 controls were selected from the electoral list. Interviews were conducted to assess body mass index (BMI) and Stunkard's silhouette at ages 20, 40, 50, 60 years, and before interview. Current waist and hip circumferences were measured, and a predictive model estimated waist circumference in the past. BMI and waist circumference trajectories were determined to identify subgroups. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between anthropometric indicators and PCa. RESULTS Subjects with a current BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had a lower risk of overall PCa (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.85). Associations with adult BMI followed similar trends for less and more aggressive tumors, with stronger inverse relationships in early adulthood. Contrastingly, current waist circumference ≥ 102 cm was associated with elevated risk of high-grade PCa (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.71). Men with increasing BMI or waist circumference adult trajectories had a lower risk of PCa, especially low-grade, than those in the normal-stable range. This was especially evident among men in the obese-increase group for BMI and waist circumference. CONCLUSION Abdominal obesity increased the risk of aggressive PCa. The inverse relationship between body size trajectories and PCa may reflect PSA hemodilution, lower detection, and/or a true etiological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vallières
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Miceline Mésidor
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada.,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Pavillon R, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Hugues Richard
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada. .,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada. .,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Pavillon R, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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15
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Aladwani M, Lophatananon A, Robinson F, Rahman A, Ollier W, Kote-Jarai Z, Dearnaley D, Koveela G, Hussain N, Rageevakumar R, Keating D, Osborne A, Dadaev T, Brook M, Eeles R, Muir KR. Relationship of self-reported body size and shape with risk for prostate cancer: A UK case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238928. [PMID: 32941451 PMCID: PMC7498010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous evidence has suggested a relationship between male self-reported body size and the risk of developing prostate cancer. In this UK-wide case-control study, we have explored the possible association of prostate cancer risk with male self-reported body size. We also investigated body shape as a surrogate marker for fat deposition around the body. As obesity and excessive adiposity have been linked with increased risk for developing a number of different cancers, further investigation of self-reported body size and shape and their potential relationship with prostate cancer was considered to be appropriate. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to investigate whether underlying associations exist between prostate cancer risk and male self-reported body size and shape. METHODS Data were collected from a large case-control study of men (1928 cases and 2043 controls) using self-administered questionnaires. Data from self-reported pictograms of perceived body size relating to three decades of life (20's, 30's and 40's) were recorded and analysed, including the pattern of change. The associations of self-identified body shape with prostate cancer risk were also explored. RESULTS Self-reported body size for men in their 20's, 30's and 40's did not appear to be associated with prostate cancer risk. More than half of the subjects reported an increase in self-reported body size throughout these three decades of life. Furthermore, no association was observed between self-reported body size changes and prostate cancer risk. Using 'symmetrical' body shape as a reference group, subjects with an 'apple' shape showed a significant 27% reduction in risk (Odds ratio = 0.73, 95% C.I. 0.57-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Change in self-reported body size throughout early to mid-adulthood in males is not a significant risk factor for the development of prostate cancer. Body shape indicative of body fat distribution suggested that an 'apple' body shape was protective and inversely associated with prostate cancer risk when compared with 'symmetrical' shape. Further studies which investigate prostate cancer risk and possible relationships with genetic factors known to influence body shape may shed further light on any underlying associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aladwani
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fredie Robinson
- School of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Aneela Rahman
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Bakrani, Pakistan
| | - William Ollier
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Nafisa Hussain
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Diana Keating
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Osborne
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brook
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R. Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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16
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Lavalette C, Cordina Duverger E, Artaud F, Rébillard X, Lamy P, Trétarre B, Cénée S, Menegaux F. Body mass index trajectories and prostate cancer risk: Results from the EPICAP study. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6421-6429. [PMID: 32639678 PMCID: PMC7476828 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated body mass index (BMI) has been inconsistently associated with prostate cancer occurrence but it has been suggested that life course adulthood obesity may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. However, few studies have investigated lifetime BMI and prostate cancer risk. We analyzed life course BMI trajectories on prostate cancer risk based on data from the Epidemiological study of Prostate Cancer (EPICAP). We included in our analyses 781 incident prostate cancer cases and 829 controls frequency matched by age. Participants were asked about their weight every decade from age 20 to two years before reference date. BMI trajectories were determined using group-based trajectory modeling to identify groups of men with similar patterns of BMI changes. We identified five BMI trajectories groups. Men with a normal BMI at age 20 developing overweight or obesity during adulthood were at increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer compared to men who maintained a normal BMI. Our results suggest that BMI trajectories resulting in overweight or obesity during adulthood are associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer, particularly in never smokers, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy BMI throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fanny Artaud
- Université Paris‐SaclayUVSQInsermCESPVillejuifFrance
| | | | - Pierre‐Jean Lamy
- Service UrologieClinique Beau SoleilMontpellierFrance
- LabosudInstitut médical d’Analyse Génomique‐ImagenomeMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Sylvie Cénée
- Université Paris‐SaclayUVSQInsermCESPVillejuifFrance
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17
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Obesity is associated with adverse short-term perioperative outcomes in patients treated with open and robot-assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:75.e17-75.e25. [PMID: 32684511 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese patients may be predisposed to adverse perioperative outcomes and it is uncertain whether robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) benefits obese patients in comparison to open radical cystectomy (ORC). Thus, we tested the effect of obesity and surgical approach on perioperative outcomes and total hospital charges. METHODS Within the National Inpatient Sample database (2008-2015), we identified obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) vs. non-obese patients with non-metastatic bladder cancer treated with RARC or ORC. Estimated annual percent changes and weighted multivariable logistic and linear regression models adjusted for clustering as well as age, comorbidities, hospital volume, and respectively surgical approach, lengths of stay, and/or complications were used. RESULTS Of all 11,594 patients (unweighted patient count), 1,119 (9.7%) were obese vs. 10,475 (90.3%) were not-obese. Obesity rate increased significantly over time (5.5%-13.3%, annual change: 11%, P = 0.001). RARC, as well as treatment in high volume hospitals was more prevalent in obese vs. non-obese patients (18.3 vs. 14.5% and 40.9 vs. 37.0%, both P < 0.01). In multivariable regression models, obesity independently predicted overall complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.23, confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.42), major complications (OR 1.63, CI: 1.41-1.87), longer hospital stay (OR 1.17, CI: 1.02-1.34) and higher total hospital charges ($+8,260, CI: 3951-12,570), all P < 0.01). In subgroup analyses in obese patients, RARC was not associated with overall (OR 1.15, P = 0.4) and major complications (OR 1.10, P = 0.6) or length of stay (OR 0.78, P = 0.1) compared with ORC but with higher hospital charges (+$16,794, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Obesity predisposes to higher rates of adverse perioperative outcomes at radical cystectomy. The benefit of RARC could not be validated in obese patients.
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18
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Miladinovic D, Cusick T, Mahon KL, Haynes AM, Cortie CH, Meyer BJ, Stricker PD, Wittert GA, Butler LM, Horvath LG, Hoy AJ. Assessment of Periprostatic and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Adipocyte Size from Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061385. [PMID: 32481537 PMCID: PMC7352157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), the thickness of which has been associated with more aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). There are limited data regarding the functional characteristics of PPAT, how it compares to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and whether in a setting of localized PCa, these traits are altered by obesity or disease aggressiveness. PPAT and SAT were collected from 60 men (age: 42–78 years, BMI: 21.3–35.6 kg/m2) undergoing total prostatectomy for PCa. Compared to SAT, adipocytes in PPAT were smaller, had the same basal rates of fatty acid release (lipolysis) yet released less polyunsaturated fatty acid species, and were more sensitive to isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. Basal lipolysis of PPAT was increased in men diagnosed with less aggressive PCa (Gleason score (GS) ≤ 3 + 4) compared to men with more aggressive PCa (GS ≥ 4 + 3) but no other measured adipocyte parameters related to PCa aggressiveness. Likewise, there was no difference in PPAT lipid biology between lean and obese men. In conclusion, lipid biological features of PPAT do differ from SAT; however, we did not observe any meaningful difference in ex vivo PPAT biology that is associated with PCa aggressiveness or obesity. As such, our findings do not support a relationship between altered PCa behavior in obese men and the metabolic reprogramming of PPAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan Miladinovic
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
| | - Thomas Cusick
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Kate L. Mahon
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Haynes
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Colin H. Cortie
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; (C.H.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Illawarra Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- School of Medicine, Lipid Research Centre, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia; (C.H.C.); (B.J.M.)
- Illawarra Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Phillip D. Stricker
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Prostate Cancer Centre, St. Vincent’s Clinic, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia 5000, Australia; (G.A.W.); (L.M.B.)
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia 5000, Australia; (G.A.W.); (L.M.B.)
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales 2010, Australia; (T.C.); (K.L.M.); (A.-M.H.); (P.D.S.); (L.G.H.)
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Harrison S, Tilling K, Turner EL, Martin RM, Lennon R, Lane JA, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Neal DE, Bosch JLHR, Jones HE. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between body mass index, prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer, and prostate-specific antigen. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:431-449. [PMID: 32162172 PMCID: PMC7105428 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and prostate cancer remains unclear. However, there is an inverse association between BMI and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), used for prostate cancer screening. We conducted this review to estimate the associations between BMI and (1) prostate cancer, (2) advanced prostate cancer, and (3) PSA. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for studies until 02 October 2017 and obtained individual participant data from four studies. In total, 78 studies were identified for the association between BMI and prostate cancer, 21 for BMI and advanced prostate cancer, and 35 for BMI and PSA. We performed random-effects meta-analysis of linear associations of log-PSA and prostate cancer with BMI and, to examine potential non-linearity, of associations between categories of BMI and each outcome. RESULTS In the meta-analyses with continuous BMI, a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a percentage change in PSA of - 5.88% (95% CI - 6.87 to - 4.87). Using BMI categories, compared to normal weight men the PSA levels of overweight men were 3.43% lower (95% CI - 5.57 to - 1.23), and obese men were 12.9% lower (95% CI - 15.2 to - 10.7). Prostate cancer and advanced prostate cancer analyses showed little or no evidence associations. CONCLUSION There is little or no evidence of an association between BMI and risk of prostate cancer or advanced prostate cancer, and strong evidence of an inverse and non-linear association between BMI and PSA. The association between BMI and prostate cancer is likely biased if missed diagnoses are not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Harrison
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.
| | - Kate Tilling
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Emma L Turner
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Richard M Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Rosie Lennon
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, England
| | - J Athene Lane
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, England
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - David E Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - J L H Ruud Bosch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hayley E Jones
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
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20
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Lin Y, Zhao X, Miao Z, Ling Z, Wei X, Pu J, Hou J, Shen B. Data-driven translational prostate cancer research: from biomarker discovery to clinical decision. J Transl Med 2020; 18:119. [PMID: 32143723 PMCID: PMC7060655 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant tumor with increasing incidence and high heterogeneity among males worldwide. In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, the paradigm of biomarker discovery is shifting from traditional experimental and small data-based identification toward big data-driven and systems-level screening. Complex interactions between genetic factors and environmental effects provide opportunities for systems modeling of PCa genesis and evolution. We hereby review the current research frontiers in informatics for PCa clinical translation. First, the heterogeneity and complexity in PCa development and clinical theranostics are introduced to raise the concern for PCa systems biology studies. Then biomarkers and risk factors ranging from molecular alternations to clinical phenotype and lifestyle changes are explicated for PCa personalized management. Methodologies and applications for multi-dimensional data integration and computational modeling are discussed. The future perspectives and challenges for PCa systems medicine and holistic healthcare are finally provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhijun Miao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Dushuhu Public Hospital, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhixin Ling
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xuedong Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jinxian Pu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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21
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Lega IC, Lipscombe LL. Review: Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer-Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5625127. [PMID: 31722374 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have both been associated with an increased risk of cancer. In the face of increasing obesity and diabetes rates worldwide, this is a worrying trend for cancer rates. Factors such as hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, antihyperglycemic medications, and shared risk factors have all been identified as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. The most common obesity- and diabetes-related cancers are endometrial, colorectal, and postmenopausal breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence that describes the complex relationship between obesity, diabetes, and cancer, focusing on epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence, and also reviewing the role of antihyperglycemic agents, novel research approaches such as Mendelian Randomization, and the methodological limitations of existing research. In addition, we also describe the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and cancer with a review of the evidence summarizing the risk of diabetes following cancer treatment. We conclude this review by providing clinical implications that are relevant for caring for patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer and provide recommendations for improving both clinical care and research for patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana C Lega
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IC/ES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Knipper S, Mazzone E, Mistretta FA, Palumbo C, Tian Z, Briganti A, Saad F, Tilki D, Graefen M, Karakiewicz PI. Impact of Obesity on Perioperative Outcomes at Robotic-assisted and Open Radical Prostatectomy: Results From the National Inpatient Sample. Urology 2019; 133:135-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kulacoglu H, Köckerling F. Hernia and Cancer: The Points Where the Roads Intersect. Front Surg 2019; 6:19. [PMID: 31024927 PMCID: PMC6460227 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This review aimed to present common points, intersections, and potential interactions or mutual effects for hernia and cancer. Besides direct relationships, indirect connections, and possible involvements were searched. Materials and Methods: A literature search of PubMed database was performed in July 2018 as well as a search of relevant journals and reference lists. The total number of screened articles was 1,422. Some articles were found in multiple different searches. A last PubMed search was performed during manuscript writing in December 2018 to update the knowledge. Eventually 427 articles with full text were evaluated, and 264 included, in this review. Results: There is no real evidence for a possible common etiology for abdominal wall hernias and any cancer type. The two different diseases had been found to have some common points in the studies on genes, integrins, and biomarkers, however, to date no meaningful relationship has been identified between these points. There is also some, albeit rather conflicting, evidence for inguinal hernia being a possible risk factor for testicular cancer. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapeutic modalities like chemotherapy and radiotherapy may cause postoperative herniation with their adverse effects on tissue repair. Certain specific substances like bevacizumab may cause more serious complications and interfere with hernia repair. There are only two articles in PubMed directly related to the topic of "hernia and cancer." In one of these the authors claimed that there was no association between cancer development and hernia repair with mesh. The other article reported two cases of squamous-cell carcinoma developed secondary to longstanding mesh infections. Conclusion: As expected, the relationship between abdominal wall hernias and cancer is weak. Hernia repair with mesh does not cause cancer, there is only one case report on cancer development following a longstanding prosthetic material infections. However, there are some intersection points between these two disease groups which are worthy of research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferdinand Köckerling
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Vivantes Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Abdominal obesity and prostate cancer risk: epidemiological evidence from the EPICAP study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34485-34494. [PMID: 30349643 PMCID: PMC6195387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, but inconsistent results have been observed between body mass index (BMI) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, some associations have been reported with other indicators such as waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We investigated the role of anthropometric indicators in PCa risk based on data from the Epidemiological study of Prostate Cancer (EPICAP). EPICAP is a population-based case-control study that included 819 incident PCa in 2012–2013 and 879 controls frequency matched by age. Anthropometric indicators (weight, height, WC, and hip circumference) have been measured at interview. Logistic regression models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC and WHR) and PCa risk. We observed a slight, but not significant increased risk of PCa for men with a WC > 94 cm (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.92–1.56) and for men with a WHR ≥ 0.95 (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00–1.70 between 0.95 and 1.00, OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.96–1.61 above 1.00). Associations were more pronounced after adjustment and stratification for BMI and in men with aggressive PCa. Our results suggest that abdominal obesity may be associated with an increased risk of PCa, especially aggressive PCa.
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Pichardo MS, Smith CJ, Dorsey TH, Loffredo CA, Ambs S. Association of Anthropometric Measures with Prostate Cancer among African American Men in the NCI-Maryland Prostate Cancer Case-Control Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:936-944. [PMID: 29784730 PMCID: PMC6072587 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a cancer risk factor. Although it does not increase the risk of localized prostate cancer, it raises the risk of the aggressive disease in men of European ancestry. Few studies investigated obesity as a prostate cancer risk factor in men of African ancestry. Findings from those studies were heterogeneous, but some reported an association of excess body fatness with aggressive disease.Methods: We examined the relationship of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio with prostate cancer in African American (AA) and European American (EA) men in the NCI-Maryland Prostate Cancer Case-Control Study consisting of 798 men with incident prostate cancer (402 AA and 496 EA) and 1,008 population-based controls (474 AA and 534 EA). BMI was self-reported. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were calculated from measurements at enrollment.Results: A high BMI either at enrollment or years prior to it was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer in AA men. In contrast, an elevated BMI tended to increase the disease risk in EA men. Waist circumference was inversely associated with prostate cancer in both AA and EA men, whereas a high waist-hip ratio did not associate with prostate cancer in AA men but tended to be associated with advanced/aggressive disease in EA men.Conclusions: Our findings reveal an obesity paradox among AA men in this study population, where a high BMI and waist circumference associated with a decreased disease risk.Impact: Our observations expand the knowledge of how obesity may affect prostate cancer risks in AAs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(8); 936-44. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S Pichardo
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cheryl J Smith
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Serretta V, Abrate A, Siracusano S, Gesolfo CS, Vella M, Di Maida F, Cangemi A, Cicero G, Barresi E, Sanfilippo C. Clinical and biochemical markers of visceral adipose tissue activity: Body mass index, visceral adiposity index, leptin, adiponectin, and matrix metalloproteinase-3. Correlation with Gleason patterns 4 and 5 at prostate biopsy. Urol Ann 2018; 10:280-286. [PMID: 30089986 PMCID: PMC6060586 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_188_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: The correlation between aggressive prostate cancer and obesity mainly based on body mass index (BMI) and pathology after surgery remains controversial. Aims: The aim of the study was to correlate BMI, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and the plasmatic levels of leptin, adiponectin, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and biomarkers of adipose tissue function, with the detection of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 at biopsy. Subjects and Methods: Consecutive patients with prostate cancer at 12-core transrectal biopsy were enrolled. BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood samples to evaluate the plasmatic levels of triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), adiponectin, leptin, and MMP-3 were obtained immediately before biopsy. The VAI was calculated according to the formula: WC/(39.68 + [1.88 × BMI]) × TG/1.03 × 1.31/HDL. Results: One hundred and forty-nine patients were entered. The median PSA, BMI, and VAI were 10.0 ng/ml, 27.6 kg/m2, and 4.6, respectively. Gleason patterns 4 or 5 were detected in 68 (45.6%) patients; in 15 (41.7%), 31 (44.9%), and 22 (50.0%) among normal weight, overweight, and obese patients, respectively (P = 0.55). The statistical analysis did not show any significant correlation between BMI, VAI, the plasmatic levels of leptin, adiponectin, MMP-3, and the detection of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 at biopsy. A statistically significant association emerged with older age (P = 0.017) and higher PSA values (P = 0.02). Conclusion: We did not find any association between BMI, VAI, the plasmatic levels of adiponectin, leptin, and MMP-3 and the detection of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 at prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Serretta
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Abrate
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Siracusano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Scalici Gesolfo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Vella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Maida
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Cangemi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cicero
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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27
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Abstract
Solid tumor growth and metastasis require the interaction of tumor cells with the surrounding tissue, leading to a view of tumors as tissue-level phenomena rather than exclusively cell-intrinsic anomalies. Due to the ubiquitous nature of adipose tissue, many types of solid tumors grow in proximate or direct contact with adipocytes and adipose-associated stromal and vascular components, such as fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells, stem and progenitor cells, endothelial cells, innate and adaptive immune cells, and extracellular signaling and matrix components. Excess adiposity in obesity both increases risk of cancer development and negatively influences prognosis in several cancer types, in part due to interaction with adipose tissue cell populations. Herein, we review the cellular and noncellular constituents of the adipose "organ," and discuss the mechanisms by which these varied microenvironmental components contribute to tumor development, with special emphasis on obesity. Due to the prevalence of breast and prostate cancers in the United States, their close anatomical proximity to adipose tissue depots, and their complex epidemiologic associations with obesity, we particularly highlight research addressing the contribution of adipose tissue to the initiation and progression of these cancer types. Obesity dramatically modifies the adipose tissue microenvironment in numerous ways, including induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis, increased stem cell abundance, and expansion of proinflammatory immune cells. As many of these changes also resemble shifts observed within the tumor microenvironment, proximity to adipose tissue may present a hospitable environment to developing tumors, providing a critical link between adiposity and tumorigenesis. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:237-282, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley M. Fuller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Kumar NB, Patel R, Pow-Sang J, Spiess PE, Salup R, Williams CR, Schell MJ. Long-term supplementation of decaffeinated green tea extract does not modify body weight or abdominal obesity in a randomized trial of men at high risk for prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99093-99103. [PMID: 29228755 PMCID: PMC5716795 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence continues to demonstrate the role of obesity in prostate carcinogenesis and prognosis, underscoring the need to identify and continue to evaluate the effective interventions to reduce obesity in populations at high risk. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of daily consumption of decaffeinated green tea catechins (GTC) formulation (Polyphenon E® (PolyE)) for 1 year on biomarkers of obesity in men who are at high risk for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods A randomized, double-blinded trial was conducted targeting 97 men diagnosed with HGPIN or ASAP. Subjects were randomized to receive GTC (PolyE) (n = 49) or placebo (n = 48) for 1 year. Anthropometric data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months and data analyzed to observe change in weight, body mass index (indicator of obesity) and waist: hip ratio (indicator of abdominal obesity). Results Decaffeinated GTC containing 400 mgs of the bioactive catechin, EGCG administered for 1 year to men diagnosed with ASAP and HGPIN appears to be bioavailable, well tolerated but not effective in reducing biomarkers of obesity including body weight, body mass index and waist: hip ratio. Conclusions The results of our trial demonstrates that men who are obese and at high risk for prostate cancer should resort to effective weight management strategies to reduce obesity and not resort to ineffective measures such as taking supplements of green tea to reduce biomarkers of obesity. Changes in body mass index and abdominal obesity seen in other studies were potentially due to caffeine and not GTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi B Kumar
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Inc., MRC/CANCONT, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Roshni Patel
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Inc., MRC/CANCONT, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Julio Pow-Sang
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Inc., WCB-GU PROG, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Inc., WCB-GU PROG, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Raoul Salup
- James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Christopher R Williams
- Urologic Oncology, Research, and Robotic Surgery, University of Florida and Shands Medical Center, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Michael J Schell
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Inc., MRC/BIOSTAT, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Rundle A, Wang Y, Sadasivan S, Chitale DA, Gupta NS, Tang D, Rybicki BA. Larger men have larger prostates: Detection bias in epidemiologic studies of obesity and prostate cancer risk. Prostate 2017; 77:949-954. [PMID: 28349547 PMCID: PMC5460373 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa), but not with over-all PCa risk. However, obese men have larger prostates which may lower biopsy accuracy and cause a systematic bias toward the null in epidemiologic studies of over-all risk. METHODS Within a cohort of 6692 men followed-up after a biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with benign findings, a nested case-control study was conducted of 495 prostate cancer cases and controls matched on age, race, follow-up duration, biopsy versus TURP, and procedure date. Data on body mass index and prostate volume at the time of the initial procedure were abstracted from medical records. RESULTS Prior to consideration of differences in prostate volume, overweight (OR = 1.41; 95%CI 1.01, 1.97), and obese status (OR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.09, 2.33) at the time of the original benign biopsy or TURP were associated with PCa incidence during follow-up. Prostate volume did not significantly moderate the association between body-size and PCa, however it did act as an inverse confounder; adjustment for prostate volume increased the effect size for overweight by 22% (adjusted OR = 1.52; 95%CI 1.08, 2.14) and for obese status by 23% (adjusted OR = 1.77; 95%CI 1.20, 2.62). Larger prostate volume at the time of the original benign biopsy or TURP was inversely associated with PCa incidence during follow-up (OR = 0.92 per 10 cc difference in volume; 95%CI 0.88, 0.97). In analyses that stratified case-control pairs by tumor aggressiveness of the case, prostate volume acted as an inverse confounder in analyses of non-aggressive PCa but not in analyses of aggressive PCa. CONCLUSIONS In studies of obesity and PCa, differences in prostate volume cause a bias toward the null, particularly in analyses of non-aggressive PCa. A pervasive underestimation of the association between obesity and overall PCa risk may exist in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Sudha Sadasivan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Nilesh S. Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Schiffmann J, Salomon G, Tilki D, Budäus L, Karakiewicz PI, Leyh-Bannurah SR, Pompe RS, Haese A, Heinzer H, Huland H, Graefen M, Tennstedt P. Radical prostatectomy neutralizes obesity-driven risk of prostate cancer progression. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:243-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guerrios-Rivera L, Howard L, Frank J, De Hoedt A, Beverly D, Grant DJ, Hoyo C, Freedland SJ. Is Body Mass Index the Best Adiposity Measure for Prostate Cancer Risk? Results From a Veterans Affairs Biopsy Cohort. Urology 2017; 105:129-135. [PMID: 28408337 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test multiple adiposity measures and prostate cancer (PC) risk in men undergoing prostate biopsy. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI), body fat, and waist circumference would be highly correlated, and all would be associated with aggressive PC, but not overall risk. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A case (483)-control (496) study among men undergoing prostate biopsy from 2007 to 2016 was conducted at the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Anthropometric and self-reported measurements were taken. Percent body fat was measured. Associations between adiposity measures and PC risk and high-grade PC (Gleason ≥7) were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS BMI, percent body fat, and waist circumference were highly correlated (ρ ≥ .79) (P < .001). On multivariable analysis, BMI (P = .011) was associated with overall PC risk, but percent body fat (P = .16) and waist circumference (P = .19) were not. However, all adiposity measurements were associated with high-grade disease (P < .001). We found a strong relationship between self-reported and measured weight (ρ = .97) and height (ρ = .92). CONCLUSION BMI, body fat, and waist circumference were all highly correlated and associated with aggressive PC. This study supports the idea that higher adiposity is selectively associated with high-grade PC and reinforces the continued use of self-reported BMI as a measure of obesity in epidemiologic studies of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Guerrios-Rivera
- Urology Section, Surgery Department, Veterans Administration Caribbean Healthcare System and University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Lauren Howard
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer Frank
- Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Amanda De Hoedt
- Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Devon Beverly
- Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Delores J Grant
- Department of Biology and Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University Durham, NC
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, Durham, NC; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
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Tang B, Han CT, Zhang GM, Zhang CZ, Yang WY, Shen Y, Vidal AC, Freedland SJ, Zhu Y, Ye DW. Waist-hip Ratio (WHR), a Better Predictor for Prostate Cancer than Body Mass Index (BMI): Results from a Chinese Hospital-based Biopsy Cohort. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43551. [PMID: 28272469 PMCID: PMC5341100 DOI: 10.1038/srep43551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a better predictor of prostate cancer (PCa) incidence than body mass index (BMI) in Chinese men. Of consecutive patients who underwent prostate biopsies in one tertiary center between 2013 and 2015, we examined data on 1018 with PSA ≤20 ng/ml. Clinical data and biopsy outcomes were collected. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between BMI, WHR and PCa incidence. Area under the ROC (AUC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of different prognostic models. A total of 255 men and 103 men were diagnosed with PCa and high grade PCa (HGPCa, Gleason score ≥8). WHR was an independent risk factor for both PCa (OR = 1.07 95%Cl 1.03-1.11) and HGPCa (OR = 1.14 95%Cl 1.09-1.19) detection, while BMI had no relationship with either PCa or HGPCa detection. Adding WHR to a multivariable model increased the AUC for detecting HGPCa from 0.66 (95%Cl 0.60-0.72) to 0.71 (95%Cl 0.65-0.76). In this Chinese cohort, WHR was significantly predictive of PCa and HGPCa. Adding WHR to a multivariable model increased the diagnostic accuracy for detecting HGPCa. If confirmed, including WHR measurement may improve PCa and HGPCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Tao Han
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yi Yang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adriana C. Vidal
- Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical Colleague, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Warner M, Huang B, Gustafsson JA. Estrogen Receptor β as a Pharmaceutical Target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 38:92-99. [PMID: 27979317 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A major issue in clinical endocrinology today is how to use hormones to achieve the health benefits that they clearly can provide but avoid the negative side effects, that is, how to develop more precise medicines. This problem of how to use hormones is pervasive in clinical endocrinology. It is true for estrogen, progesterone, androgen, vitamin D, and thyroid hormone, and the problem is amplified in the case of new ligands for the more recently discovered nuclear receptors. Selective targeting of hormone receptor subtypes is one attractive way to harness the beneficial effects of hormones while reducing unwanted side effects. Here, we focus on estrogen receptor (ER)β, which has promise as a selective target in hormone replacement therapy, and in breast and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Warner
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan-Ake Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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