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Marzano-Miranda A, Pereira Cardoso-Oliveira G, Carla de Oliveira I, Carvalho Mourão L, Reis Cussat L, Gomes Fraga V, Delfin Chávez Olórtegui C, Jesus Fernandes Fontes C, Castanheira Bartholomeu D, Braga EM. Identification and serological responses to a novel Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 ( PvMSP-1) derived synthetic peptide: a putative biomarker for malaria exposure. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17632. [PMID: 38948214 PMCID: PMC11212635 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The integration of diagnostic methods holds promise for advancing the surveillance of malaria transmission in both endemic and non-endemic regions. Serological assays emerge as valuable tools to identify and delimit malaria transmission, serving as a complementary method to rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and thick smear microscopy. Here, we evaluate the potential of antibodies directed against peptides encompassing the entire amino acid sequence of the PvMSP-1 Sal-I strain as viable serological biomarkers for P. vivax exposure. Methods We screened peptides encompassing the complete amino acid sequence of the Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (PvMSP-1) Sal-I strain as potential biomarkers for P. vivax exposure. Here, immunodominant peptides specifically recognized by antibodies from individuals infected with P. vivax were identified using the SPOT-synthesis technique followed by immunoblotting. Two 15-mer peptides were selected based on their higher and specific reactivity in immunoblotting assays. Subsequently, peptides p70 and p314 were synthesized in soluble form using SPPS (Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis) and tested by ELISA (IgG, and subclasses). Results This study unveils the presence of IgG antibodies against the peptide p314 in most P. vivax-infected individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region. In silico B-cell epitope prediction further supports the utilization of p314 as a potential biomarker for evaluating malaria transmission, strengthened by its amino acid sequence being part of a conserved block of PvMSP-1. Indeed, compared to patients infected with P. falciparum and uninfected individuals never exposed to malaria, P. vivax-infected patients have a notably higher recognition of p314 by IgG1 and IgG3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Marzano-Miranda
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiza Carvalho Mourão
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Reis Cussat
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Gomes Fraga
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Erika M. Braga
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Moncunill G, Carnes J, Chad Young W, Carpp L, De Rosa S, Campo JJ, Nhabomba A, Mpina M, Jairoce C, Finak G, Haas P, Muriel C, Van P, Sanz H, Dutta S, Mordmüller B, Agnandji ST, Díez-Padrisa N, Williams NA, Aponte JJ, Valim C, Neafsey DE, Daubenberger C, McElrath MJ, Dobaño C, Stuart K, Gottardo R. Transcriptional correlates of malaria in RTS,S/AS01-vaccinated African children: a matched case–control study. eLife 2022; 11:70393. [PMID: 35060479 PMCID: PMC8782572 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In a phase 3 trial in African infants and children, the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine (GSK) showed moderate efficacy against clinical malaria. We sought to further understand RTS,S/AS01-induced immune responses associated with vaccine protection. Methods: Applying the blood transcriptional module (BTM) framework, we characterized the transcriptomic response to RTS,S/AS01 vaccination in antigen-stimulated (and vehicle control) peripheral blood mononuclear cells sampled from a subset of trial participants at baseline and month 3 (1-month post-third dose). Using a matched case–control study design, we evaluated which of these ‘RTS,S/AS01 signature BTMs’ associated with malaria case status in RTS,S/AS01 vaccinees. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were analyzed by flow cytometry. We also performed a cross-study correlates analysis where we assessed the generalizability of our findings across three controlled human malaria infection studies of healthy, malaria-naive adult RTS,S/AS01 recipients. Results: RTS,S/AS01 vaccination was associated with downregulation of B-cell and monocyte-related BTMs and upregulation of T-cell-related BTMs, as well as higher month 3 (vs. baseline) circumsporozoite protein-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. There were few RTS,S/AS01-associated BTMs whose month 3 levels correlated with malaria risk. In contrast, baseline levels of BTMs associated with dendritic cells and with monocytes (among others) correlated with malaria risk. The baseline dendritic cell- and monocyte-related BTM correlations with malaria risk appeared to generalize to healthy, malaria-naive adults. Conclusions: A prevaccination transcriptomic signature associates with malaria in RTS,S/AS01-vaccinated African children, and elements of this signature may be broadly generalizable. The consistent presence of monocyte-related modules suggests that certain monocyte subsets may inhibit protective RTS,S/AS01-induced responses. Funding: Funding was obtained from the NIH-NIAID (R01AI095789), NIH-NIAID (U19AI128914), PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, PI11/00423 and PI14/01422). The RNA-seq project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under grant number U19AI110818 to the Broad Institute. This study was also supported by the Vaccine Statistical Support (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation award INV-008576/OPP1154739 to R.G.). C.D. was the recipient of a Ramon y Cajal Contract from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (RYC-2008-02631). G.M. was the recipient of a Sara Borrell–ISCIII fellowship (CD010/00156) and work was performed with the support of Department of Health, Catalan Government grant (SLT006/17/00109). This research is part of the ISGlobal’s Program on the Molecular Mechanisms of Malaria which is partially supported by the Fundación Ramón Areces and we acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023’ Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas
| | - Jason Carnes
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - William Chad Young
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Lindsay Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Stephen De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | | | - Augusto Nhabomba
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça
| | | | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Paige Haas
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - Carl Muriel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Phu Van
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Héctor Sanz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona
| | | | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research
| | - Selidji T Agnandji
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), BP 242
| | | | | | - John J Aponte
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Daniel E Neafsey
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | | | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas
| | - Ken Stuart
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
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3
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Eloi da Silva T, Barbosa FS, Magalhães LMD, Gazzinelli-Guimarães PH, Dos Santos AC, Nogueira DS, Resende NM, Amorim CC, Gazzinelli-Guimarães AC, Viana AG, Geiger SM, Bartholomeu DC, Fujiwara RT, Bueno LL. Unraveling Ascaris suum experimental infection in humans. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104836. [PMID: 34020024 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides and A. suum are two closely related parasites that infect humans and pigs. The zoonotic potential of A. suum has been a matter of debate for decades. Here we sought to investigate the potential human infection by A. suum and its immunological alterations. We orally infected five healthy human subjects with eggs embraced by A. suum. The infection was monitored for symptoms and possible respiratory changes, by an interdisciplinary health team. Parasitological, hematological analyses, serum immunoglobulin, cytokine profiles, and gene expression were evaluated during the infection. Our results show that A. suum is able to infect and complete the cycle in humans causing A. lumbricoides similar symptoms, including, cough, headache, diarrhea, respiratory discomfort and chest x-ray alterations coinciding with larvae migration in the lungs. We also observed activation of the immune system with production of IgM and IgG and a Th2/Th17 response with downregulation of genes related to Th1 and apoptosis. PCA (Principal componts analysis) show that infection with A. suum leads to a change in the immune landscape of the human host. Our data reinforce the zoonotic capacity of A. suum and bring a new perspective on the understanding of the immune response against this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Eloi da Silva
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Barbosa
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luisa M D Magalhães
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Gazzinelli-Guimarães
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anderson C Dos Santos
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise S Nogueira
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathalia M Resende
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Chiara C Amorim
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Gazzinelli-Guimarães
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agostinho G Viana
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stefan M Geiger
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniella C Bartholomeu
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Fujiwara
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lilian L Bueno
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Fan L, Xia J, Shen J, Fang Q, Xia H, Zheng M, Han JH, Han ET, Wang B, Xu Y. An Erythrocyte Membrane-Associated Antigen, PvTRAg-26 of Plasmodium vivax: A Study of Its Antigenicity and Immunogenicity. Front Public Health 2020; 8:148. [PMID: 32411650 PMCID: PMC7198802 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Plasmodium tryptophan-rich (TR) proteins have been proposed as potential vaccine candidate antigens. Among them, P. vivax tryptophan-rich antigens (PvTR-Ags), which have positionally conserved tryptophan residues in a TR domain, are highly antigenic in humans. Several of these antigens, including PvTRAg-26, have exhibited erythrocyte-binding activities. Methods: Subclasses of IgG antibodies against PvTRAg-26 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 P. vivax infected patients and mice immunized with the recombinant antigen to characterize its antigenicity and immunogenicity. Moreover, the antigen-specific immune responses and Th1/Th2-type cytokine patterns of splenocytes from the immunized animals were determined in vitro. The subcellular localization of PvTRAg-26 in ring-stage parasites was also detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results: The IgG1 and IgG3 levels in P. vivax-infected patients were significantly higher than those in uninfected individuals. In the PvTRAg-26-immunized mice, elevated levels of antigen-specific IgG antibodies were observed, dominated by the IgG1 subclass, and Th1-type cytokines were remarkably increased compared with Th2-type cytokines. Additionally, the subcellular location of the PvTRAg-26 protein was closely associated with the caveola-vesicle complex on the infected-erythrocyte membrane in the early ring stage of P. vivax. Conclusions: PvTRAg-26, a P. vivax TR antigen, with high antigenicity and immunogenicity, induces Th1-cytokine response and increases production of IgG1 antibodies. This immune profiling study provided a substantial evidence that PvTRAg-26 may be a potential candidate for P. vivax vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jinxing Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jilong Shen
- The Key Laboratories of Parasitology and Zoonoses Anhui and Department of Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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A chimeric protein-based malaria vaccine candidate induces robust T cell responses against Plasmodium vivax MSP1 19. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34527. [PMID: 27708348 PMCID: PMC5052570 DOI: 10.1038/srep34527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most widespread Plasmodium species, Plasmodium vivax, poses a significant public health threat. An effective vaccine is needed to reduce global malaria burden. Of the erythrocytic stage vaccine candidates, the 19 kDa fragment of the P. vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (PvMSP119) is one of the most promising. Our group has previously defined several promiscuous T helper epitopes within the PvMSP1 protein, with features that allow them to bind multiple MHC class II alleles. We describe here a P. vivax recombinant modular chimera based on MSP1 (PvRMC-MSP1) that includes defined T cell epitopes genetically fused to PvMSP119. This vaccine candidate preserved structural elements of the native PvMSP119 and elicited cytophilic antibody responses, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells capable of recognizing PvMSP119. Although CD8+ T cells that recognize blood stage antigens have been reported to control blood infection, CD8+ T cell responses induced by P. falciparum or P. vivax vaccine candidates based on MSP119 have not been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first time a protein based subunit vaccine has been able to induce CD8+ T cell against PvMSP119. The PvRMC-MSP1 protein was also recognized by naturally acquired antibodies from individuals living in malaria endemic areas with an antibody profile associated with protection from infection. These features make PvRMC-MSP1 a promising vaccine candidate.
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Plasmodium vivax infection induces expansion of activated naïve/memory T cells and differentiation into a central memory profile. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:837-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Mueller I, Galinski MR, Tsuboi T, Arevalo-Herrera M, Collins WE, King CL. Natural acquisition of immunity to Plasmodium vivax: epidemiological observations and potential targets. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2013; 81:77-131. [PMID: 23384622 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407826-0.00003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Population studies show that individuals acquire immunity to Plasmodium vivax more quickly than Plasmodium falciparum irrespective of overall transmission intensity, resulting in the peak burden of P. vivax malaria in younger age groups. Similarly, actively induced P. vivax infections in malaria therapy patients resulted in faster and generally more strain-transcending acquisition of immunity than P. falciparum infections. The mechanisms behind the more rapid acquisition of immunity to P. vivax are poorly understood. Natural acquired immune responses to P. vivax target both pre-erythrocytic and blood-stage antigens and include humoral and cellular components. To date, only a few studies have investigated the association of these immune responses with protection, with most studies focussing on a few merozoite antigens (such as the Pv Duffy binding protein (PvDBP), the Pv reticulocyte binding proteins (PvRBPs), or the Pv merozoite surface proteins (PvMSP1, 3 & 9)) or the circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP). Naturally acquired transmission-blocking (TB) immunity (TBI) was also found in several populations. Although limited, these data support the premise that developing a multi-stage P. vivax vaccine may be feasible and is worth pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Mueller
- Walter + Eliza Hall Institute, Infection & Immunity Division, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Bueno LL, Morais CG, Lacerda MV, Fujiwara RT, Braga ÉM. Interleukin-17 producing T helper cells are increased during natural Plasmodium vivax infection. Acta Trop 2012; 123:53-7. [PMID: 22476130 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidences have demonstrated the importance of Th17 cells in host defense against infectious diseases. However, little is known about their role in parasitic infections. Here, we showed that uncomplicated acute vivax malaria induce a significant expansion of IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells associated to a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile. Furthermore, we demonstrated a correlation between numbers of IL-17(+)CD4(+) T cells and circulating CD4(+) T-cells producing IFN-γ, IL-10 and TGF-β. Finally, correlations between number of these cells and morbidity or parasitemia were not detected. Further studies are underway to investigate whether IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells are critically involved in the immunity against Plasmodium vivax infection.
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Chenet SM, Tapia LL, Escalante AA, Durand S, Lucas C, Bacon DJ. Genetic diversity and population structure of genes encoding vaccine candidate antigens of Plasmodium vivax. Malar J 2012; 11:68. [PMID: 22417572 PMCID: PMC3330009 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major concern in malaria vaccine development is genetic polymorphisms typically observed among Plasmodium isolates in different geographical areas across the world. Highly polymorphic regions have been observed in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax antigenic surface proteins such as Circumsporozoite protein (CSP), Duffy-binding protein (DBP), Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) and Thrombospondin related anonymous protein (TRAP). Methods Genetic variability was assessed in important polymorphic regions of various vaccine candidate antigens in P. vivax among 106 isolates from the Amazon Region of Loreto, Peru. In addition, genetic diversity determined in Peruvian isolates was compared to population studies from various geographical locations worldwide. Results The structured diversity found in P. vivax populations did not show a geographic pattern and haplotypes from all gene candidates were distributed worldwide. In addition, evidence of balancing selection was found in polymorphic regions of the trap, dbp and ama-1 genes. Conclusions It is important to have a good representation of the haplotypes circulating worldwide when implementing a vaccine, regardless of the geographic region of deployment since selective pressure plays an important role in structuring antigen diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella M Chenet
- Parasitology Program, Naval Medical Research Unit No, 6, Lima, Peru
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10
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Genetic polymorphism and effect of natural selection at domain I of apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) in Plasmodium vivax isolates from Myanmar. Acta Trop 2010; 114:71-5. [PMID: 20096258 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is endemic or hypoendemic in Myanmar and the country still contributes to the high level of malaria deaths in South-East Asia. Although information on the nature and extent of population diversity within malaria parasites in the country is essential not only for understanding the epidemic situation but also to establish a proper control strategy, very little data is currently available on the extent of genetic polymorphisms of the malaria parasites in Myanmar. In this study, we analyzed the genetic polymorphism and natural selection at domain I of the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) among Plasmodium vivax Myanmar isolates. A total of 34 distinguishable haplotypes were identified among the 76 isolates sequenced. Comparison with the previously available PvAMA-1 sequences in the GenBank database revealed that 21 of them were new haplotypes that have never been reported till date. The difference between the rate of nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) mutations was positive (dN-dS, 0.013+/-0.005), suggesting the domain I is under positive natural selection. The Tajima's D statistics was found to be -0.74652, suggesting that the gene has evolved under population size expansion and/or positive selection. The minimum recombination events were also high, indicating that recombination may occur within the domain I resulting in allelic diversity of PvAMA-1. Our results collectively suggest that PvAMA-1 displays high genetic polymorphism among Myanmar P. vivax isolates with highly diversifying selection at domain I. These results have significant implications in understanding the nature of P. vivax population circulating in Myanmar as well as providing useful information for malaria vaccine development based on this antigen.
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11
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Bueno LL, Morais CG, Araújo FF, Gomes JAS, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Soares IS, Lacerda MV, Fujiwara RT, Braga ÉM. Plasmodium vivax: induction of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells during infection are directly associated with level of circulating parasites. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9623. [PMID: 20224778 PMCID: PMC2835751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulation CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been associated with the delicate balancing between control of overwhelming acute malaria infection and prevention of immune pathology due to disproportionate inflammatory responses to erythrocytic stage of the parasite. While the role of Tregs has been well-documented in murine models and P. falciparum infection, the phenotype and function of Tregs in P. vivax infection is still poorly characterized. In the current study, we demonstrated that patients with acute P. vivax infection presented a significant augmentation of circulating Tregs producing anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) as well as pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, IL-17) cytokines, which was further positively correlated with parasite burden. Surface expression of GITR molecule and intracellular expression of CTLA-4 were significantly upregulated in Tregs from infected donors, presenting also a positive association between either absolute numbers of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+GITR+ or CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CTLA-4+ and parasite load. Finally, we demonstrate a suppressive effect of Treg cells in specific T cell proliferative responses of P. vivax infected subjects after antigen stimulation with Pv-AMA-1. Our findings indicate that malaria vivax infection lead to an increased number of activated Treg cells that are highly associated with parasite load, which probably exert an important contribution to the modulation of immune responses during P. vivax infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Lacerda Bueno
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Guimarães Morais
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fortes Araújo
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Assis Silva Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Irene Silva Soares
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érika Martins Braga
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Bueno LL, Morais CG, da Silva Soares I, Bouillet LEM, Bruna-Romero O, Fontes CJ, Fujiwara RT, Braga ÉM. Plasmodium vivax recombinant vaccine candidate AMA-1 plays an important role in adaptive immune response eliciting differentiation of dendritic cells. Vaccine 2009; 27:5581-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fujiwara RT, Cançado GGL, Freitas PA, Santiago HC, Massara CL, Carvalho ODS, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Geiger SM, Bethony J. Necator americanus infection: a possible cause of altered dendritic cell differentiation and eosinophil profile in chronically infected individuals. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2009; 3:e399. [PMID: 19308259 PMCID: PMC2654967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hookworms survive for several years (5 to 7 years) in the host lumen, inducing a robust but largely ineffective immune response. Among the most striking aspects of the immune response to hookworm (as with many other helminths) is the ablation of parasite-specific T cell proliferative response (hyporesponsiveness). While the role of the adaptive immune response in human helminth infection has been well investigated, the role of the innate immune responses (e.g., dendritic cells and eosinophils) has received less attention and remains to be clearly elucidated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report on the differentiation/maturation of host dendritic cells in vitro and the eosinophil activation/function associated with human hookworm infection. Mature DCs (mDCs) from Necator americanus (Necator)-infected individuals showed an impaired differentiation process compared to the mDCs of non-infected individuals, as evidenced by the differential expression of CD11c and CD14. These same hookworm-infected individuals also presented significantly down-regulated expression of CD86, CD1a, HLA-ABC, and HLA-DR. The lower expression of co-stimulatory and antigen presentation molecules by hookworm-infected-derived mDCs was further evidenced by their reduced ability to induce cell proliferation. We also showed that this alternative DC differentiation is partially induced by excreted-secreted hookworm products. Conversely, eosinophils from the same individuals showed a highly activated status, with an upregulation of major cell surface markers. Antigen-pulsed eosinophils from N. americanus-infected individuals induced significant cell proliferation of autologous PBMCs, when compared to non-infected individuals. CONCLUSION Chronic N. americanus infection alters the host's innate immune response, resulting in a possible modulation of the maturation process of DCs, a functional change that may diminish their ability for antigen presentation and thus contribute to the ablation of the parasite-specific T cell proliferative response. Interestingly, a concomitant upregulation of the major cell surface markers of eosinophils was observed in hookworm-infected individuals, indicative of antigen-specific immune responses, especially antigen presentation. We showed that in addition to the postulated role of the eosinophils as effector cells against helminth infection, activated cells may also be recruited to sites of inflammation and contribute to the immune response acting as antigen presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo T. Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G. L. Cançado
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula A. Freitas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helton C. Santiago
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Cristiano Lara Massara
- Laboratory of Helminthology and Medical Malacology, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Omar dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Helminthology and Medical Malacology, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stefan M. Geiger
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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