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Studniski M, Stumvoll K, Kromm M, Ssematimba A, Marusak R, Xing Z, Halvorson D, Culhane M, Cardona C. Vaccination of Poultry Against Influenza. Avian Dis 2024; 67:402-409. [PMID: 38300659 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-99995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The complexity of influenza A virus (IAV) infections in avian hosts leads to equally complex scenarios for the vaccination of poultry. Vaccination against avian influenza strains can be used to prevent infections from sources with a single strain of IAV. It has been used as a part of outbreak control strategies as well as a way to maintain production for both low and high pathogenicity outbreaks. Unlike other viral pathogens of birds, avian influenza vaccination when used against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, is tied to international trade and thus is not freely available for use without specific permission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amos Ssematimba
- Department of Mathematics, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Rosemary Marusak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Zheng Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Dave Halvorson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Marie Culhane
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Carol Cardona
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108,
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Yang W, Dai J, Liu J, Guo M, Liu X, Hu S, Gu M, Hu J, Hu Z, Gao R, Liu K, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang X. Intranasal Immunization with a Recombinant Avian Paramyxovirus Serotypes 2 Vector-Based Vaccine Induces Protection against H9N2 Avian Influenza in Chicken. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050918. [PMID: 35632659 PMCID: PMC9144924 DOI: 10.3390/v14050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial inactivated vaccines against H9N2 avian influenza (AI) have been developed in China since 1990s and show excellent immunogenicity with strong HI antibodies. However, currently approved vaccines cannot meet the clinical demand for a live-vectored vaccine. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccines have shown effective protection in chickens against H9N2 virus. However, preexisting NDV antibodies may affect protective efficacy of the vaccine in the field. Here, we explored avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (APMV-2) as a vector for developing an H9N2 vaccine via intranasal delivery. APMV-2 belongs to the same genus as NDV, distantly related to NDV in the phylogenetic tree, based on the sequences of Fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene, and has low cross-reactivity with anti-NDV antisera. We incorporated hemagglutinin (HA) of H9N2 into the junction of P and M gene in the APMV-2 genome by being flanked with the gene start, gene end, and UTR of each gene of APMV-2-T4 to generate seven recombinant APMV-2 viruses rAPMV-2/HAs, rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-PUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-FUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-HNUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-LUTR-HA, and rAPMV-2-MUTR-HA, expressing HA. The rAPMV-2/HAs displayed similar pathogenicity compared with the parental APMV-2-T4 virus and expressed HA protein in infected CEF cells. The NP-UTR facilitated the expression and secretion of HA protein in cells infected with rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA. Animal studies demonstrated that immunization with rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA elicited effective H9N2-specific antibody (6.14 ± 1.2 log2) responses and conferred complete immune protection to prevent viral shedding in the oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from chickens challenged with H9N2 virus. This study suggests that our recombinant APMV-2 virus is safe and immunogenic and can be a useful tool in the combat of H9N2 outbreaks in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jing Dai
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Mengjiao Guo
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.Y.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (X.L.); (S.H.); (M.G.); (J.H.); (R.G.); (Y.C.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Z.H.); (K.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.W.)
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Shrestha A, Meeuws R, Sadeyen JR, Chang P, Van Hulten M, Iqbal M. Haemagglutinin antigen selectively targeted to chicken CD83 overcomes interference from maternally derived antibodies in chickens. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:33. [PMID: 35241682 PMCID: PMC8894371 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) are important for protecting chickens against pathogens in the neonatal stage however, they often interfere with vaccine performance. Here, we investigated the effects of MDAs on a targeted antigen delivery vaccine (TADV), which is developed by conjugating H9 subtype avian influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) antigen to single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies specific for the chicken antigen presenting cell receptor CD83. Groups of 1-day-old chickens carrying high levels of MDAs (MDA++) and 14-day old chickens carrying medium levels of MDAs (MDA+) were immunised with TADV (rH9HA-CD83 scFv), untargeted rH9HA or inactivated H9N2 vaccines. Immunogenicity in these vaccinated chickens was compared using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the TADV (rH9HA-CD83 scFv) induced significantly higher levels of H9HA-specific antibody titres compared to the untargeted rH9HA and inactivated H9N2 vaccines in MDA++ and MDA+ chickens. Overall, the data demonstrates immune responses induced by TADV are not affected by the MDA in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angita Shrestha
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
- Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rick Meeuws
- Global Poultry R&D Biologicals Boxmeer, Intervet International BV, MSD Animal Health, Wim De Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Pengxiang Chang
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Marielle Van Hulten
- Global Poultry R&D Biologicals Boxmeer, Intervet International BV, MSD Animal Health, Wim De Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.
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Shrestha A, Sadeyen JR, Lukosaityte D, Chang P, Van Hulten M, Iqbal M. Targeting Haemagglutinin Antigen of Avian Influenza Virus to Chicken Immune Cell Receptors Dec205 and CD11c Induces Differential Immune-Potentiating Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070784. [PMID: 34358200 PMCID: PMC8310205 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines is critical to reducing disease impacts. One strategy used to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines is the selective delivery of protective antigens to the antigen presenting cells (APCs). In this study, we have developed a targeted antigen delivery vaccine (TADV) system by recombinantly fusing the ectodomain of hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of H9N2 influenza A virus to single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies specific for the receptors expressed on chicken APCs; Dec205 and CD11c. Vaccination of chickens with TADV containing recombinant H9HA Foldon-Dec205 scFv or H9HA Foldon-CD11c scFv proteins elicited faster (as early as day 6 post primary vaccination) and higher anti-H9HA IgM and IgY, haemagglutination inhibition, and virus neutralisation antibodies compared to the untargeted H9HA protein. Comparatively, CD11c scFv conjugated H9HA protein showed higher immunogenic potency compared to Dec205 scFv conjugated H9HA protein. The higher immune potentiating ability of CD11c scFv was also reflected in ex-vivo chicken splenocyte stimulation assay, whereby H9HA Foldon-CD11c scFv induced higher levels of cytokines (IFNγ, IL6, IL1β, and IL4) compared to H9HA Foldon-Dec205 scFv. Overall, the results conclude that TADV could be a better alternative to the currently available inactivated virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angita Shrestha
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
- Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Deimante Lukosaityte
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Pengxiang Chang
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Marielle Van Hulten
- Global Poultry R&D Biologicals Boxmeer, Intervet International BV, MSD Animal Health, Wim De Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN Boxmeer, The Netherlands;
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK; (A.S.); (J.-R.S.); (D.L.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1483-231441
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Sayed MFE, Soliman RA, Ghanem HM, Khedr MMS, Mohamed GM, Safty MMDE. Trials for preparation and evaluation of a combined inactivated reassorted H5N1 and Escherichia coli O157 vaccine in poultry. Vet World 2021; 14:1677-1681. [PMID: 34316218 PMCID: PMC8304417 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1677-1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Avian influenza (AI), which is one of the major respiratory diseases of poultry, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) have caused major economic losses around the world, including in Egypt. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to produce a vaccine from E. coli O157 and AI H5N1 formulated with Montanide ISA70 for the protection of poultry against both diseases. Materials and Methods: We divided one hundred 3-week-old chicks into four groups: Group 1 was vaccinated with prepared inactivated AI H5N1formulated with Montanide ISA70, Group 2 was vaccinated with inactivated E. coli formulated with Montanide ISA70, Group 3 was vaccinated with combined E. coli and AI H5N1 formulated with Montanide ISA70, and Group 4 was an unvaccinated control group. We measured the immune response using the HI (hemagglutination inhibition) test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the challenge test. Results: We found the three vaccines to be safe and sterile during all periods of examination and observation. The HI test showed that Group 1 exhibited specific antibody titers of 2.3 log2, 4.3 log2, 7.5 log2, 7.8 log2, 8 log2, and 8.1 log2 from week 2 to week 7, respectively, post-vaccination. Group 3 exhibited antibody titers of 3.3 log2, 5.8 log2, 7.8 log2, 8 log2, 8.3 log2, and 8.3 log2 from week 2 to week 7, respectively, post-vaccination. The immune response in both groups reached a high titer at week 6. The combined inactivated E. coli and AI H5N1 vaccine generated a higher immune response than the inactivated AI H5N1 vaccine, and a significant difference exists between the two groups. For Groups 2 and 3, the ELISA antibody titer exhibited its lowest value, 1996.5 and 2036.7, respectively, at week 1 post-vaccination; whereas, both groups exhibited the highest titers, 2227.7 (for Group 2) and 2287.3 (for Group 3), in week 3 post-booster. The ELISA for the combined inactivated E. coli and AI H5N1 vaccine had a higher titer than did the inactivated E. coli vaccine, and a significant difference exists between the two groups. Moreover, the protection rate was higher in Group 3, with 100% for E. coli and 90% for the AI H5N1 vaccine. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that producing a combined vaccine using E. coli and AI H5N1 formulated with Montanide ISA70 is recommended for protection against both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Fathy El Sayed
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reem A Soliman
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohamed Ghanem
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M S Khedr
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gina M Mohamed
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Li J, Li R, Zhang Q, Peng P, Wang X, Gu M, Hu Z, Jiao X, Peng D, Hu J, Liu X. H7N9 influenza virus-like particle based on BEVS protects chickens from lethal challenge with highly pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza virus. Vet Microbiol 2021; 258:109106. [PMID: 34004568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
H7N9 avian influenza virus poses a dual threat to both poultry industry and public health. Therefore, it is highly urgent to develop an effective vaccine to reduce its pandemic potential. Virus-like particles (VLP) represent an effective approach for pandemic vaccine development. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus co-expressing the HA, NA and M1 genes of the H7N9 virus was constructed for generation of H7N9 VLP. Single immunization of chickens with 15 μg of the VLP or the commercial whole virus inactivated vaccine stimulates high hemagglutination inhibition, virus neutralizing and HA-specific IgY antibodies. Moreover, the antiserum had a good cross-reactivity with H7N9 field strains isolated in different years. Within 14 days after a lethal challenge with highly pathogenic (HP) H7N9 virus, no clinical symptoms and death were observed in the vaccinated chickens, and no virus was recovered from the organs. Compared to the non-vaccinated chickens, H7N9 VLP significantly reduced the proportion of animals shedding virus. Only 30 % of the VLP-vaccinated birds shed virus, whereas virus shedding was detected in 50 % of the chickens immunized with the commercial vaccine. Moreover, both vaccines dramatically alleviated pulmonary lesions caused by HP H7N9 virus, with a greater degree observed for the VLP. Altogether, our results indicated that the H7N9 VLP vaccine candidate confers a complete clinical protection against a lethal challenge with HP H7N9 virus, significantly inhibits virus shedding and abolishes viral replication in chickens. The VLP generated in this study represents a promising alternative strategy for the development of novel H7N9 avian influenza vaccines for chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rumeng Li
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Ninyio NN, Ho KL, Omar AR, Tan WS, Iqbal M, Mariatulqabtiah AR. Virus-like Particle Vaccines: A Prospective Panacea Against an Avian Influenza Panzootic. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E694. [PMID: 33227887 PMCID: PMC7712863 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in the deaths of millions of birds leading to huge financial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The roles of migratory wild birds in the harbouring, mutation, and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), and the lack of broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccines present imminent threats of a global panzootic. To prevent this, control measures that include effective AIV surveillance programmes, treatment regimens, and universal vaccines are being developed and analysed for their effectiveness. We reviewed the epidemiology of AIVs with regards to past avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in birds. The AIV surveillance programmes in wild and domestic birds, as well as their roles in AI control were also evaluated. We discussed the limitations of the currently used AI vaccines, which necessitated the development of a universal vaccine. We evaluated the current development of AI vaccines based upon virus-like particles (VLPs), particularly those displaying the matrix-2 ectodomain (M2e) peptide. Finally, we highlighted the prospects of these VLP vaccines as universal vaccines with the potential of preventing an AI panzootic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Nyakaat Ninyio
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (W.S.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 800241, Nigeria
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (W.S.T.)
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UK;
| | - Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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8
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Drobik-Czwarno W, Wolc A, Kucharska K, Martyniuk E. Genetic determinants of resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens. ROCZNIKI NAUKOWE POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA ZOOTECHNICZNEGO 2019. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) poses a huge threat to poultry production and also introduces an epidemiological risk in the human population. Thus far, HPAI has been controlled mainly through widespread implementation of biosecurity, and in the case of an outbreak, liquidation of flocks and establishment of protection zones. Alternative strategies for combating HPAI include the use of vaccines, genetic modification, and genetic selection for increased general and specific immunity in birds. These kinds of strategies often require identification of the genes involved in the immune response to the pathogen. Many genes have been identified as potentially associated with differences in the response to HPAI between poultry species and between individuals. Thus far, the most attention has been focused on genes taking part in regulating the innate immune response, which is responsible for preventing infection and limiting the replication and spread of the virus. The most commonly mentioned candidates for layer chickens include interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and RIG-I-like receptors. Proteins encoded by genes of the BTLN family, defensins, and proteins involved in apoptosis have also been associated with differences in the response to HPAI. Recent years have seen an increasing number of studies on the genetic determinants of individual differences in the response to HPAI in chickens. Data from HPAI outbreaks in the US in the spring of 2015 and Mexico in the years 2012-2016 have enabled a more precise analysis of this problem. A number of genes have been identified as associated with the immune response, but their specific role in determining the survival of birds requires further study. Preliminary results indicate that genetic determinants of resistance to HPAI are highly complex and can vary depending on the virus strain and the genetic line of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Drobik-Czwarno
- Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie Wydział Nauk o Zwierzętach Katedra Genetyki i Ogólnej Hodowli Zwierząt
| | - Anna Wolc
- Iowa State University Department of Animal Science
| | - Kornelia Kucharska
- Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie Wydział Nauk o Zwierzętach Katedra Biologii Środowiska Zwierząt, Zakład Zoologii
| | - Elżbieta Martyniuk
- Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie; Wydział Nauk o Zwierzętach
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9
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Pramuwidyatama MG, Hogeveen H, Saatkamp HW. A Systematic Evaluation of Measures Against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Indonesia. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:33. [PMID: 30834252 PMCID: PMC6387902 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, many different control measures have been implemented to prevent HPAI infection. The national plan with numerous measures lead to problems in terms of prioritization and budget allocation. Our study objectives are to (i) establish an inventory of measures on HPAI control in Indonesia since the first actions were taken in 2004, (ii) evaluate preferences for different HPAI control measures applied in the West Java province at the district level during 2013–2017, and (iii) establish a basis for further qualitative and quantitative research to improve control for an endemic HPAI in Indonesia. This research was carried out according to the following five steps (i) development of an HPAI management framework for an endemic state, (ii) inventorization of measures directed at HPAI and description of the development of HPAI in Indonesia, (iii) development of a questionnaire for the experts involved, (iv) systematic evaluation of preferences for short- and long-term HPAI strategies and measures applied in the West Java Province based on expert opinion, and (v) data analysis. The study systematically evaluated in total 27 measures. The results of this study show that the animal disease management framework is helpful as a systematic structure to distinguish and evaluate strategies and measures. In our framework, we defined the following strategies: prevention, monitoring, control, mitigation, eradication, and human protection. The findings of our research show that the primary aims of the government were to safeguard humans from HPAI transmission by mitigating HPAI disease in livestock. The measures with the highest priority were preventive vaccination of poultry, biosecurity, and stamping-out infected flocks. This showed that the government predominantly chose a vaccination-based HPAI mitigation strategy. However, the chosen strategy has a low implementation feasibility. A collaboration between the responsible stakeholders farmers may increase the feasibility of the chosen strategy in the future. Furthermore, our findings provide a basis for research into the motivation of farmers to implement different measures as well as into the expected impact of different measures to develop an effective and efficient mitigation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henk Hogeveen
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Helmut W Saatkamp
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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10
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Liu L, Wang T, Wang M, Tong Q, Sun Y, Pu J, Sun H, Liu J. Recombinant turkey herpesvirus expressing H9 hemagglutinin providing protection against H9N2 avian influenza. Virology 2019; 529:7-15. [PMID: 30641481 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were prevailing in chickens, causing great economic losses and public health threats. In this study, turkey herpesviruses (HVT) was cloned as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC). Recombinant HVT (rHVT-H9) containing hemagglutinin (HA) gene from H9N2 virus were constructed via galactokinase (galK) selection and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing system. The recombinant rHVT-H9 showed no difference with parent HVT in plague morphology and virus replication kinetics. H9 protein expression of rHVT-H9 could be detected by western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in vitro and in vivo. Immunization with rHVT-H9 could induce robust humoral and cellular immunity in chickens. In the challenge study, no chicken shed H9N2 virus from oropharynx and cloaca, and no H9N2 virus was found in viscera in vaccination groups. The result suggests that rHVT-H9 provides effective protection against H9N2 AIV in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Tong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Kalenik BM, Góra-Sochacka A, Stachyra A, Pietrzak M, Kopera E, Fogtman A, Sirko A. Transcriptional response to a prime/boost vaccination of chickens with three vaccine variants based on HA DNA and Pichia-produced HA protein. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 88:8-18. [PMID: 29986836 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza causes severe economic losses and is a potential threat to public health. Better knowledge of the mechanisms of chicken response to the novel types of vaccines against avian influenza might be helpful in their successful implementation into poultry vaccination programs in different countries. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of gene expression response elicited in chicken spleens by a combined DNA/recombinant protein prime/boost vaccination compared to DNA/DNA and protein/protein regimens. All groups of vaccinated chickens displayed changes in spleen transcriptomes in comparison to the control group with 423, 375 and 212 identified differentially expressed genes in protein/protein, DNA/DNA and DNA/protein group, respectively. Genes with most significantly changed expression belong to immune-related categories. Depending on a group, a fraction of 15-34% of up-regulated and a fraction of 15-42% of down-regulated immune-related genes are shared by all groups. Interestingly, the most upregulated genes encode β-defensins, short peptides with antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory functions. Microarray results were validated with RT-qPCR method, which confirmed differential regulation of the selected immune-related genes. Immune-related differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways identified in this work are compared to the available literature data on gene expression changes in vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens after influenza infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chickens
- DNA, Viral/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/isolation & purification
- Immunization, Secondary/methods
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/prevention & control
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/immunology
- Pichia
- Poultry Diseases/immunology
- Poultry Diseases/prevention & control
- Poultry Diseases/virology
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Spleen/immunology
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Małgorzata Kalenik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachyra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Pietrzak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Kopera
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Mostafa A, Abdelwhab EM, Mettenleiter TC, Pleschka S. Zoonotic Potential of Influenza A Viruses: A Comprehensive Overview. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090497. [PMID: 30217093 PMCID: PMC6165440 DOI: 10.3390/v10090497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) possess a great zoonotic potential as they are able to infect different avian and mammalian animal hosts, from which they can be transmitted to humans. This is based on the ability of IAV to gradually change their genome by mutation or even reassemble their genome segments during co-infection of the host cell with different IAV strains, resulting in a high genetic diversity. Variants of circulating or newly emerging IAVs continue to trigger global health threats annually for both humans and animals. Here, we provide an introduction on IAVs, highlighting the mechanisms of viral evolution, the host spectrum, and the animal/human interface. Pathogenicity determinants of IAVs in mammals, with special emphasis on newly emerging IAVs with pandemic potential, are discussed. Finally, an overview is provided on various approaches for the prevention of human IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mostafa
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed M Abdelwhab
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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13
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Ha KM. How to deal with avian influenza: the case of Korea. J APPL POULTRY RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Hamad M, Amen O, Mahmoud M, Hassanin O, Saif-Edin M. Effectiveness of different avian influenza (H5) vaccination regimens in layer chickens on the humoral immune response and interferon-alpha signalling immune marker. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:145-152. [PMID: 29619666 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) vaccines are widely used to control and eliminate the ongoing avian influenza virus epidemic in Egypt. A strict vaccination policy with inactivated AI vaccines has been widely applied, however the virus still circulating, evolving and causing great negative impact to the poultry sector in Egypt. Therefore, an updated poultry vaccination policy using different vaccine technologies might be valuable as an innovative additional control strategy of AIV in Egypt. In the present study, the effectiveness of different avian influenza (AI) vaccination schedules was evaluated in 300 commercial layer chicks (ISA White) using either the oil-emulsion baculovirus-H5-prototype vaccine (baculovirus-H5 prototype) or turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vector vaccine containing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from H5N1 strain (rHVT-H5), applied alone or in combination and in different settings. Vaccination with either two injections of the baculovirus-H5 prototype, a single injection of rHVT-H5 or priming with rHVT-H5 at 1 day old followed by boosting with the baculovirus-H5 prototype induced AI-HI protective antibody responses starting as early as 3 to 4 weeks of age and lasting up to the end of the rearing period (16 weeks). A single vaccination with the baculovirus-H5 prototype did not generate a protective antibody titre for the entire rearing period. Furthermore, the present study elucidated that vaccination once or twice with the baculovirus-H5 vaccine prototype activated the chicken interferon-alpha (Ch-IFN-alpha) signalling pathway via transduction of antiviral components, e.g., Mx1 and IRF7. Birds immunized once with rHVT-H5 at 1 day old did not show activation of the Mx1 and IRF7 transcripts; however, following boosting with the baculovirus-H5 prototype vaccine, up-regulation of Mx1 and IRF7 was observed. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that either reinforcement with two injections of the baculovirus-H5 prototype or prime-boost vaccination (rHVT-H5 at 1 day old followed by the baculovirus-H5 prototype vaccine at 8 days old) is a successful strategy to induce both innate and humoral immune responses and could be recommended for the layer production sector over the entire rearing period, especially in AI-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hamad
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omar Amen
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ola Hassanin
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Saif-Edin
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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15
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Kilany WH, Bazid AHI, Ali A, El-Deeb AH, El-Abideen MAZ, Sayed ME, El-Kady MF. Comparative Effectiveness of Two Oil Adjuvant-Inactivated Avian Influenza H9N2 Vaccines. Avian Dis 2017; 60:226-31. [PMID: 27309059 DOI: 10.1637/11145-050815-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 virus infection has been an important risk to the Egyptian poultry industry since 2011. Economic losses have occurred from early infection and co-infection with other pathogens. Therefore, H9N2 vaccination of broiler chicks as young as 7 days old was recommended. The current inactivated H9N2 vaccines (0.5 ml/bird) administered at a reduced dose (0.25 ml/bird) do not guarantee the delivery of an effective dose for broilers. In this study, the efficacy of the reduced-dose volume (0.3 ml/bird), compared with the regular vaccine dose (0.5 ml/bird) of inactivated H9N2 vaccines using two different commercially available adjuvants, was investigated. The vaccines were prepared from the local H9N2 virus (Ck/EG/114940v/NLQP/11) using the same antigen content: 300 hemagglutinating units. Postvaccination (PV) immune response was monitored using the hemagglutination inhibition test. At 4 wk PV, both vaccinated groups were challenged using the homologous H9N2 strain at a 50% egg infective dose (EID50) of 10(6) EID50/bird via the intranasal route. Clinical signs, mortality, and virus shedding in oropharyngeal swabs were monitored at 2, 4, 6, and 10 days postchallenge (DPC). The reduced-dose volume of vaccine induced a significantly faster and higher immune response than the regular volume of vaccine at 2 and 3 wk PV. No significant difference in virus shedding between the two vaccine formulas was found (P ≥ 0.05), and both vaccines were able to stop virus shedding by 6 DPC. The reduced-dose volume of vaccine using a suitable oil adjuvant and proper antigen content can be used effectively for early immunization of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid H Kilany
- A Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box, 264, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid I Bazid
- B Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ali
- C Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt
| | - Ayman H El-Deeb
- D Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Zain El-Abideen
- A Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box, 264, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.,E Middle East for Veterinary Vaccine Company, Second Industrial Area, El-Salhya El-Gededa, El-Sharqia 44671, Egypt
| | - Magdy El Sayed
- E Middle East for Veterinary Vaccine Company, Second Industrial Area, El-Salhya El-Gededa, El-Sharqia 44671, Egypt
| | - Magdy F El-Kady
- C Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt
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16
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Tarigan S, Indriani R, Durr PA, Ignjatovic J. Characterization of the M2e antibody response following highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infection and reliability of M2e ELISA for identifying infected among vaccinated chickens. Avian Pathol 2016; 44:259-68. [PMID: 25915110 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1042428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A surveillance method able to differentiate between vaccinated and infected poultry is required for those countries that practice vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. The external domain of the M2 protein (M2e) of influenza virus is a potentially useful differentiating-infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) antigen but little is known about the M2e antibody response and factors influencing its detection. In this study, the M2e antibody response was characterized in layer birds vaccinated and challenged with an Indonesian H5N1 virus isolate, using a single M2e peptide or four-branched multiple antigenic peptide form of M2e (MAP-M2e) as antigens in two separate ELISAs. Anti-M2e antibodies were absent in chicks with high level of maternal haemagglutination inhibition antibodies and also in all layers vaccinated once, twice or three times with an inactivated commercial H5N1 vaccine. In contrast, anti-M2e antibodies were detected in vaccinated layers challenged with H5N1 virus and their presence was associated with virus isolation and an increase in haemagglutination inhibition titres. The number of birds that developed M2e antibodies, as well as the strength and duration of the M2e antibody response were strongly influenced by the length of the interval between vaccination and challenge. Birds challenged at six weeks after vaccination all developed M2e antibodies by 14 days that lasted until at least 56 days after infection. In birds challenged at two weeks after vaccination, only a proportion of birds developed M2e antibodies by 14 days that lasted only until 28 days post-infection. Both single M2e peptide and MAP-M2e ELISAs had high diagnostic specificity but the diagnostic sensitivity of MAP-M2e ELISA was significantly higher and more effective in detecting M2e antibody in immune and infected birds. The results show that MAP-M2e ELISA would be useful for surveillance in countries using vaccination to control highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simson Tarigan
- a Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Sciences , Bogor , Indonesia
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17
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Song BM, Kang HM, Lee EK, Jung SC, Kim MC, Lee YN, Kang SM, Lee YJ. Supplemented vaccination with tandem repeat M2e virus-like particles enhances protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses in chickens. Vaccine 2015; 34:678-686. [PMID: 26691568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses derived from A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 have been continuously circulating globally, severely affecting the public health and poultry industries. The matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) is considered a promising candidate for a universal cross-protective influenza vaccine that provides more effective control over HPAI H5 viruses harboring variant hemagglutinin (HA)-antigens. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e presented on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) either alone or as a supplement against HPAI H5 viruses in a chicken model. Chickens immunized with M2e5x VLPs alone induced M2e-specific antibodies but were not protected against HPAI H5. The homo- and cross-protective efficacy of M2e5x VLP-supplemented vaccination of chickens was also examined. Importantly, supplementation with M2e5x VLPs induced significantly higher levels of antibodies specific for M2e and different viruses as well as provided improved protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses. Considering the limited efficacy of inactivated vaccines, supplement vaccination with M2e5x VLPs may be an effective measure for preventing outbreaks of HPAI viruses that have the ability to constantly change their antigenic properties in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Min Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chan Jung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Vaccine protection of chickens against antigenically diverse H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates with a live HVT vector vaccine expressing the influenza hemagglutinin gene derived from a clade 2.2 avian influenza virus. Vaccine 2015; 33:1197-205. [PMID: 25613723 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is an important tool in the protection of poultry against avian influenza (AI). For field use, the overwhelming majority of AI vaccines produced are inactivated whole virus formulated into an oil emulsion. However, recombinant vectored vaccines are gaining use for their ability to induce protection against heterologous isolates and ability to overcome maternal antibody interference. In these studies, we compared protection of chickens provided by a turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vector vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from a clade 2.2 H5N1 strain (A/swan/Hungary/4999/2006) against homologous H5N1 as well as heterologous H5N1 and H5N2 highly pathogenic (HP) AI challenge. The results demonstrated all vaccinated birds were protected from clinical signs of disease and mortality following homologous challenge. In addition, oral and cloacal swabs taken from challenged birds demonstrated that vaccinated birds had lower incidence and titers of viral shedding compared to sham-vaccinated birds. Following heterologous H5N1 or H5N2 HPAI challenge, 80-95% of birds receiving the HVT vector AI vaccine at day of age survived challenge with fewer birds shedding virus after challenge than sham vaccinated birds. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that splenic T lymphocytes from HVT-vector-AI vaccinated chickens recognized MHC-matched target cells infected with H5, as well as H6, H7, or H9 AI virus. Taken together, these studies provide support for the use of HVT vector vaccines expressing HA to protect poultry against multiple lineages of HPAI, and that both humoral and cellular immunity induced by live vaccines likely contributes to protection.
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Richard-Mazet A, Goutebroze S, Le Gros FX, Swayne DE, Bublot M. Immunogenicity and efficacy of fowlpox-vectored and inactivated avian influenza vaccines alone or in a prime-boost schedule in chickens with maternal antibodies. Vet Res 2014; 45:107. [PMID: 25359591 PMCID: PMC4258031 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivated and fowlpox virus (FP)-vectored vaccines have been used to control H5 avian influenza (AI) in poultry. In H5 AI endemic countries, breeder flocks are vaccinated and therefore, maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) are transferred to their progeny. Results of three immunogenicity and one efficacy studies performed in birds with or without MDA indicated that the immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine based on a H5N9 AI isolate (inH5N9) was severely impaired in chicks hatched from inH5N9-vaccinated breeders. This MDA interference was lower when breeders received only one administration of the same vaccine and could be overcome by priming the chicks at day-of-age with a live recombinant FP-vectored vaccine with H5 avian influenza gene insert (FP-AI). The interference of anti-FP MDA was of lower intensity than the interference of anti-AI MDA. The highest interference observed on the prime-boost immunogenicity was in chicks hatched from breeders vaccinated with the same prime-boost scheme. The level of protection against an antigenic variant H5N1 highly pathogenic AI isolate from Indonesia against which the FP-AI or inH5N9 alone was poorly protective could be circumvented by the prime-boost regimen in birds with either FP or AI MDA. Thus, the immunogenicity of vaccines in young chicks with MDA depends on the vaccination scheme and the type of vaccine used in their parent flocks. The heterologous prime-boost in birds with MDA may at least partially overcome MDA interference on inactivated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David E Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia, 30605, USA.
| | - Michel Bublot
- Merial S.A.S., R&D, 254 rue M. Mérieux, 69007, Lyon, France.
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Elbers A, Knutsson R. Agroterrorism targeting livestock: a review with a focus on early detection systems. Biosecur Bioterror 2014; 11 Suppl 1:S25-35. [PMID: 23971814 DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2012.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Agroterrorism targeting livestock can be described as the intentional introduction of an animal disease agent against livestock with the purpose of causing economic damage, disrupting socioeconomic stability of a country, and creating panic and distress. This type of terrorism can be alluring to terrorists because animal disease agents are easily available. This review addresses the vulnerabilities of the livestock industry to agroterrorism. However, we also show that early detection systems have recently been developed for agroterrorism and deliberate spread of animal pathogens in livestock, including an agroterrorism intelligence cycle, syndromic surveillance programs, and computer-based clinical decision support systems that can be used for early detection of notifiable animal diseases. The development of DIVA-vaccines in the past 10 to 15 years has created, in principle, an excellent response instrument to counter intentional animal disease outbreaks. These developments have made our animal agriculture less vulnerable to agroterrorism. But we cannot relax; there are still many challenges, in particular with respect to integration of first line of defense, law enforcement, and early detection systems for animal diseases.
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Cross-clade protection against H5N1 HPAI strains recently isolated from commercial poultry in Egypt with a single dose of a baculovirus based vaccine. Vaccine 2013; 31:5075-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Comparative serological assays for the study of h5 and h7 avian influenza viruses. INFLUENZA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2013; 2013:286158. [PMID: 24163763 PMCID: PMC3791816 DOI: 10.1155/2013/286158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The nature of influenza virus to randomly mutate and evolve into new types is an important challenge in the control of influenza infection. It is necessary to monitor virus evolution for a better understanding of the pandemic risk posed by certain variants as evidenced by the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. This has been clearly recognized in Egypt following the notification of the first HPAI H5N1 outbreak. The continuous circulation of the virus and the mass vaccination programme undertaken in poultry have resulted in a progressive genetic evolution and a significant antigenic drift near the major antigenic sites. In order to establish if vaccination is sufficient to provide significant intra- and interclade cross-protection, lentiviral pseudotypes derived from H5N1 HPAI viruses (A/Vietnam/1194/04, A/chicken/Egypt-1709-01/2007) and an antigenic drift variant (A/chicken/Egypt-1709-06-2008) were constructed and used in pseudotype-based neutralization assays (pp-NT). pp-NT data obtained was confirmed and correlated with HI and MN assays. A panel of pseudotypes belonging to influenza Groups 1 and 2, with a combination of reporter systems, was also employed for testing avian sera in order to support further application of pp-NT as an alternative valid assay that can improve avian vaccination efficacy testing, vaccine virus selection, and the reliability of reference sera.
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Forrest HL, Garcia A, Danner A, Seiler JP, Friedman K, Webster RG, Jones JC. Effect of passive immunization on immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccination against a Mexican low-pathogenic avian H5N2 influenza virus. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 7:1194-201. [PMID: 23889740 PMCID: PMC4495725 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the use of vaccines, low‐pathogenic (LP) H5N2 influenza viruses have continued to circulate and evolve in chickens in Mexico since 1993, giving rise to multiple genetic variants. Antigenic drift is partially responsible for the failure to control H5N2 influenza by vaccination; the contribution of maternal antibodies to this problem has received less attention. Methods We investigated the effect of different antisera on the efficacy of vaccination and whether booster doses of vaccine can impact immune suppression. Results While single doses of inactivated oil emulsion vaccine to currently circulating H5N2 influenza viruses provide partial protection from homologous challenge, chickens that receive high‐titer homologous antisera intraperitoneally before vaccination showed effects ranging from added protection to immunosuppression. Post‐infection antisera were less immunosuppressive than antisera obtained from field‐vaccinated chickens. Homologous, post‐infection chicken antisera provided initial protection from virus challenge, but reduced the induction of detectable antibody responses. Homologous antisera from field‐vaccinated chickens were markedly immunosuppressive, annulling the efficacy of the vaccine and leaving the chickens as susceptible to infection as non‐vaccinated birds. Booster doses of vaccine reduced the immunosuppressive effects of the administered sera. Conclusion Vaccine efficacy against LP H5N2 in Mexico can be severely reduced by maternal antibodies. Source‐dependent antisera effects offer the possibility of further elucidation of the immunosuppressive components involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Forrest
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Kayali G, Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, Kayed AS, Gomaa MR, Kutkat MA, Debeauchamp J, McKenzie PP, Webster RG, Webby RJ, Ali MA. Do commercial avian influenza H5 vaccines induce cross-reactive antibodies against contemporary H5N1 viruses in Egypt? Poult Sci 2013; 92:114-8. [PMID: 23243237 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
After emerging in Egypt in 2006, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses continued to cause outbreaks in Egyptian poultry and sporadic human infections. The strategy used by Egyptian authorities relied on vaccinating poultry, depopulating infected areas, and increasing awareness and biosecurity levels. Despite those efforts, H5N1 became endemic, and vaccine-escape variants are thought to have emerged even though commercial poultry vaccines were protective in laboratory settings. We studied the cross-reactivity of 6 commercially available H5 poultry vaccines against recent H5N1 Egyptian isolates in a field setting in Egypt. Only one vaccine based on an Egyptian H5N1 virus induced high cross-reactive antibody titers. Our results may be explained by the fact that the seed viruses in these vaccines are genetically distinct from H5N1 viruses currently circulating in Egypt. In light of our findings, we recommend that the H5N1 prevention and control strategy in Egypt be updated and reinforced. Special consideration should be given to the vaccination strategy, and the use of vaccines based on currently circulating viruses is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kayali
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Capua I. Three open issues on Avian Influenza – H5, H7, H9 against all odds. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:1-4. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.745994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cagle C, Wasilenko J, Adams SC, Cardona CJ, To TL, Nguyen T, Spackman E, Suarez DL, Smith D, Shepherd E, Roth J, Pantin-Jackwood MJ. Differences in Pathogenicity, Response to Vaccination, and Innate Immune Responses in Different Types of Ducks Infected with a Virulent H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus from Vietnam. Avian Dis 2012; 56:479-87. [DOI: 10.1637/10030-120511-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Effect of age on the pathogenesis and innate immune responses in Pekin ducks infected with different H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Virus Res 2012; 167:196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Iqbal M. Progress toward the development of polyvalent vaccination strategies against multiple viral infections in chickens using herpesvirus of turkeys as vector. Bioengineered 2012; 3:222-6. [PMID: 22705840 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.20476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most cost effective strategy for the control and prevention of the plethora of viral diseases affecting poultry production. The major challenge for poultry vaccination is the design of vaccines that will protect against multiple pathogens via a single protective dose, delivered by mass vaccination. The Marek disease virus and the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus cause severe disease outbreaks in chickens. Vaccination with live herpesvirus of turkeys protects chickens from Marek disease and inactivated influenza viruses are used as antigens to protect chickens against influenza virus infections. We developed herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) as a vaccine vector that can act as a dual vaccine against avian influenza and Marek disease. The HVT vector was developed using reverse genetics based on an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of HVT. The BAC carrying the HVT genome was genetically modified to express the haemagglutinin (HA) gene of a highly pathogenic H7N1 virus. The resultant recombinant BAC construct containing the modified HVT sequence was transfected into chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells and HVT recombinants (rHVT-H7HA) harbouring the H7N1 HA were recovered. Analysis of cultured CEF cells infected with the rHVT-H7HA showed that HA was expressed and that the rescued rHVT-H7HA stocks were stable during several in vitro passages with no difference in growth kinetics compared with the parent HVT. Immunization of one-day-old chicks with rHVT-H7HA induced H7-specific antibodies and protected chickens challenged with homologous H7N1 virus against virus shedding, clinical disease and death. The rHVT-H7HA vaccine also induced strong and long-lasting antibody titers against H7HA in chickens that were vaccinated in ovo 3 d before hatching. This vaccine supports differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), because no influenza virus nucleoprotein-specific antibodies were detected in the rHVT-H7HA vaccinated birds. The rHVT-H7HA not only provided protection against a lethal challenge with highly pathogenic H7N1 virus but also against highly virulent Marek disease virus and can be used as a DIVA vaccine.
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Soleimani R, Marandi MV, Hashemi-Soteh MB, Hemmatzadeh F. The cloning of non-structural-1 (NS1) gene of H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus in pGEX-4T-1 and pMAL-c2X plasmids and expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> DH5<i>α</i> strain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2012.33040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li Y, Reddy K, Reid SM, Cox WJ, Brown IH, Britton P, Nair V, Iqbal M. Recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys as a vector-based vaccine against highly pathogenic H7N1 avian influenza and Marek's disease. Vaccine 2011; 29:8257-66. [PMID: 21907750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for poultry vaccination is the design of vaccines that protect against multiple pathogens via a single protective dose delivered through mass vaccination methods. In this investigation, we examined herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) as a vaccine vector for delivery of haemagglutinin (HA) antigen of highly pathogenic H7N1 avian influenza virus that can act as a dual vaccine against avian influenza and Marek's disease. The HVT vector was developed using reverse genetics based on an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of HVT. The BAC carrying the HVT genome was genetically modified to express the HA gene of a highly pathogenic H7N1 virus. The resultant recombinant BAC construct containing the modified HVT sequence was transfected into chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, and HVT recombinants (rHVT-H7HA) harbouring the H7N1 HA were recovered. Analysis of cultured CEF cells infected with the rHVT-H7HA showed that HA was expressed and that the rescued rHVT-H7HA stocks were stable during several in vitro passages with no difference in growth kinetics compared with the parent HVT. Immunisation of one-day-old chicks with rHVT-H7HA induced H7-specific antibodies and protected chickens challenged with homologous H7N1 virus against virus shedding, clinical disease and death. This vaccine supports differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) vaccination strategies because no nucleoprotein-(NP) specific antibodies were detected in the rHVT-H7HA vaccinated birds. The rHVT-H7HA not only provided protection against a lethal challenge with highly pathogenic H7N1 virus but also against highly virulent Marek's disease virus and can be used as a DIVA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Li
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
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31
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Pekin and Muscovy ducks respond differently to vaccination with a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) commercial inactivated vaccine. Vaccine 2011; 29:6549-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Poetri O, Bouma A, Claassen I, Koch G, Soejoedono R, Stegeman A, van Boven M. A single vaccination of commercial broilers does not reduce transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza. Vet Res 2011; 42:74. [PMID: 21635732 PMCID: PMC3132710 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination of chickens has become routine practice in Asian countries in which H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is endemically present. This mainly applies to layer and breeder flocks, but broilers are usually left unvaccinated. Here we investigate whether vaccination is able to reduce HPAI H5N1 virus transmission among broiler chickens. Four sets of experiments were carried out, each consisting of 22 replicate trials containing a pair of birds. Experiments 1-3 were carried out with four-week-old birds that were unvaccinated, and vaccinated at day 1 or at day 10 of age. Experiment 4 was carried out with unvaccinated day-old broiler chicks. One chicken in each trial was inoculated with H5N1 HPAI virus. One chicken in each trial was inoculated with virus. The course of the infection chain was monitored by serological analysis, and by virus isolation performed on tracheal and cloacal swabs. The analyses were based on a stochastic SEIR model using a Bayesian inferential framework. When inoculation was carried out at the 28th day of life, transmission was efficient in unvaccinated birds, and in birds vaccinated at first or tenth day of life. In these experiments estimates of the latent period (~1.0 day), infectious period (~3.3 days), and transmission rate parameter (~1.4 per day) were similar, as were estimates of the reproduction number (~4) and generation interval (~1.4 day). Transmission was significantly less efficient in unvaccinated chickens when inoculation was carried out on the first day of life. These results show that vaccination of broiler chickens does not reduce transmission, and suggest that this may be due to the interference of maternal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okti Poetri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Takeyama N, Minari K, Kajihara M, Isoda N, Sakamoto R, Sasaki T, Kokumai N, Takikawa N, Shiraishi R, Mase M, Hagiwara J, Kodama T, Imamura T, Sakaguchi M, Ohgitani T, Sawata A, Okamatsu M, Muramatsu M, Tsukamoto K, Lin Z, Tuchiya K, Sakoda Y, Kida H. Detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in vaccinated chicken flocks by monitoring antibodies against non-structural protein 1 (NS1). Vet Microbiol 2011; 147:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Escorcia M, Carrillo-Sánchez K, March-Mifsut S, Chapa J, Lucio E, Nava GM. Impact of antigenic and genetic drift on the serologic surveillance of H5N2 avian influenza viruses. BMC Vet Res 2010; 6:57. [PMID: 21172021 PMCID: PMC3023700 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-6-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serologic surveillance of Avian Influenza (AI) viruses is carried out by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using reference reagents. This method is recommended by animal health organizations as a standard test to detect antigenic differences (subtypes) between circulating influenza virus, vaccine- and/or reference- strains. However, significant discrepancies between reference antisera and field isolates have been observed during serosurveillance of influenza A viruses in pig and poultry farms. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of influenza virus genetic and antigenic drift on serologic testing using standard HI assays and reference reagents. Low pathogenic AI H5N2 viruses isolated in Mexico between 1994 and 2008 were used for phylogenetic analysis of AI hemagglutinin genes and for serologic testing using antisera produced with year-specific AI virus isolates. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed significant divergence between early LPAI H5N2 viruses (1994 - 1998) and more recent virus field isolates (2002 - 2008). Results of the HI test were markedly influenced by the selection of the AI H5N2 virus (year of isolation) used as reference antigen for the assay. These analyses indicate that LPAI H5N2 viruses in Mexico are constantly undergoing genetic drift and that serosurveillance of AI viruses is significantly influenced by the antigen or antisera used for the HI test. Conclusions Reference viral antigens and/or antisera need to be replaced constantly during surveillance of AI viruses to keep pace with the AI antigenic drift. This strategy should improve the estimation of antigenic differences between circulating AI viruses and the selection of suitable vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Escorcia
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Pathogenicity of two Egyptian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in domestic ducks. Arch Virol 2010; 156:37-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim JN, Byun SH, Kang SY, Mo IP. Evaluation of neuraminidase antigen based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in chickens vaccinated with avian influenza inactivated vaccine. Avian Dis 2010; 54:682-5. [PMID: 20521715 DOI: 10.1637/8747-033009-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) was developed as a serologic diagnostic tool to detect antibodies against NA subtype 3 of avian influenza virus (AIV). The NA antigen used in this c-ELISA was obtained by pronase treatment of allantoic fluid of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) eggs infected with AIV. The NA specific monoclonal antibodies were produced from purified NA. The N3 c-ELISA was carried out on serum samples collected from both SPF chickens and commercial layers to confirm whether the N3 c-ELISA was capable of detecting specific N3 antibodies. The positive cutoff percentage inhibition value was 6.13%. The sensitivity and specificity of the N3 c-ELISA were 83.7% and 95.6%, respectively, which indicated that N3 c-ELISA can detect the antibodies from SPF chickens or commercial chickens vaccinated with H9N3 subtype of AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Nyeo Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Dundon WG, Capua I. A Closer Look at the NS1 of Influenza Virus. Viruses 2009; 1:1057-72. [PMID: 21994582 PMCID: PMC3185538 DOI: 10.3390/v1031057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Non-Structural 1 (NS1) protein is a multifactorial protein of type A influenza viruses that plays an important role in the virulence of the virus. A large amount of what we know about this protein has been obtained from studies using human influenza isolates and, consequently, the human NS1 protein. The current global interest in avian influenza, however, has highlighted a number of sequence and functional differences between the human and avian NS1. This review discusses these differences in addition to describing potential uses of NS1 in the management and control of avian influenza outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Dundon
- OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Avian influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell' Università, 10, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy; E-Mail:
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Sirskyj D, Weltzin R, Golshani A, Anderson D, Bozic J, Diaz-Mitoma F, Azizi A. Detection of influenza A and B neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated ferrets and macaques using specific biotin-streptavidin conjugated antibodies. J Virol Methods 2009; 163:459-64. [PMID: 19913054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several critical factors of an influenza microneutralization assay, utilizing a rapid biotin-streptavidin conjugated system for detecting influenza virus subtypes A and B, are addressed within this manuscript. Factors such as incubation times, amount of virus, cell seeding, sonication, and TPCK trypsin were evaluated for their ability to affect influenza virus neutralization in a microplate-based neutralization assay using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. It is apparent that the amount of virus used in the assay is the most critical factor to be optimized in an influenza microneutralization assay. Results indicate that 100xTCID(50) of influenza A/Solomon Islands/03/2006 (H1N1) virus overloads the assay and results in no, to low, neutralization, in both ferret and macaque sera, respectively, whereas using 6xTCID(50) resulted in significantly improved neutralization. Conversely, strong neutralization was observed against 100xTCID(50) of B/Malaysia/2506/04 virus. In this manuscript the critical factors described above were optimized and the results indicate that the described biotin-streptavidin conjugated influenza microneutralization assay is a rapid and robust method for detecting the presence of functional, influenza virus-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danylo Sirskyj
- Variation Biotechnologies Inc., 1740 Woodroffe Ave, Building 400, Ottawa, ON, K2G 3R8, Canada
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Soman SS, Nair S, Issac A, Arathy D, Niyas K, Anoop M, Sreekumar E. Immunomodulation by duck defensin, Apl_AvBD2: In vitro dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) mRNA suppression, and B- and T-lymphocyte chemotaxis. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:3070-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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