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Resendiz-Nava CN, Alonso-Onofre F, Silva-Rojas HV, Rebollar-Alviter A, Rivera-Pastrana DM, Stasiewicz MJ, Nava GM, Mercado-Silva EM. Tomato Plant Microbiota under Conventional and Organic Fertilization Regimes in a Soilless Culture System. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1633. [PMID: 37512805 PMCID: PMC10383152 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the main vegetable cultivated under soilless culture systems (SCSs); production of organic tomato under SCSs has increased due to consumer demands for healthier and environmentally friendly vegetables. However, organic tomato production under SCSs has been associated with low crop performance and fruit quality defects. These agricultural deficiencies could be linked to alterations in tomato plant microbiota; nonetheless, this issue has not been sufficiently addressed. Thus, the main goal of the present study was to characterize the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of tomato plants cultivated under conventional and organic SCSs. To accomplish this goal, tomato plants grown in commercial greenhouses under conventional or organic SCSs were tested at 8, 26, and 44 weeks after seedling transplantation. Substrate (n = 24), root (n = 24), and fruit (n = 24) composite samples were subjected to DNA extraction and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The present study revealed that the tomato core microbiota was predominantly constituted by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Remarkably, six bacterial families, Bacillaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Sphingomonadaceae, were shared among all substrate, rhizosphere, and fruit samples. Importantly, it was shown that plants under organic SCSs undergo a dysbiosis characterized by significant changes in the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Caulobacteraceae, Chitinophagaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Erythrobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Streptomycetaceae. These results suggest that microbial alterations in substrates, roots, and fruits could be potential factors in contributing to the crop performance and fruit quality deficiencies observed in organic SCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Resendiz-Nava
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | - Hilda V Silva-Rojas
- Posgrado en Recursos Geneticos y Productividad, Produccion de Semillas, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 Carretera Mexico-Texcoco, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
| | - Angel Rebollar-Alviter
- Centro Regional Morelia, Universidad Autonoma de Chapingo, Morelia 58170, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Dulce M Rivera-Pastrana
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Matthew J Stasiewicz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1302W Pennsylvania Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gerardo M Nava
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Edmundo M Mercado-Silva
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Queretaro, Mexico
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Correa-Romero BF, Olivares-Marin IK, Regalado-Gonzalez C, Nava GM, Madrigal-Perez LA. The role of the SNF1 signaling pathway in the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different carbon and nitrogen sources. Braz J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s42770-023-00954-y. [DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adaptations of eukaryotic cells to environmental changes are important for their survival. However, under some circumstances, microenvironmental changes promote that eukaryotic cells utilize a metabolic signature resembling a unicellular organism named the Warburg effect. Most cancer cells share the Warburg effect displaying lactic fermentation and high glucose uptake. The Warburg effect also induces a metabolic rewiring stimulating glutamine consumption and lipid synthesis, also considered cancer hallmarks. Amino acid metabolism alteration due to the Warburg effect increases plasma levels of proline and branched-chain amino acids in several cancer types. Proline and lipids are probably used as electron transfer molecules in carcinogenic cells. In addition, branched-chain amino acids fuel the Krebs cycle, protein synthesis, and signaling in cancer cells. AREAS COVERED This review covers how metabolomics studies describe changes in some metabolites and proteins associated with the Warburg effect and related metabolic pathways. EXPERT OPINION In this review, we analyze the metabolic signature of the Warburg effect and related phenotypes and propose some Warburg effect-related metabolites and proteins (lactate, glucose uptake, glucose transporters, glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, proline, and some lipogenic enzymes) as promising cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo M Nava
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, 76010, México
| | - Luis Alberto Madrigal Perez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Av. Ing. Carlos Rojas Gutiérrez #2120, Ciudad Hidalgo, Michoacán, 61100, México
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Canedo-Santos JC, Carrillo-Garmendia A, Mora-Martinez I, Gutierrez-Garcia IK, Ramirez-Romero MG, Regalado-Gonzalez C, Nava GM, Madrigal-Perez LA. Resveratrol shortens the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a pro-oxidant mechanism. Yeast 2021; 39:193-207. [PMID: 34693568 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant phenotype caused by resveratrol has been recognized as a key piece in the health benefits exerted by this phytochemical in diseases related to aging. It has recently been proposed that a mitochondrial pro-oxidant mechanism could be the cause of resveratrol antioxidant properties. In this regard, the hypothesis that resveratrol impedes electron transport to complex III of the electron transport chain as its main target suggests that resveratrol could increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through reverse electron transport or by the semiquinones formation. This idea also explains that cells respond to resveratrol oxidative damage, inducing their antioxidant systems. Moreover, resveratrol pro-oxidant properties could accelerate the aging process, according to the free radical theory of aging, which postulates that organism's age due to the accumulation of the harmful effects of ROS in cells. Nonetheless, there is no evidence linking the chronological lifespan (CLS) shorten occasioned by resveratrol with a pro-oxidant mechanism. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate whether resveratrol shortens the CLS of Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to a pro-oxidant activity. Herein, we provide evidence that supplementation with 100 μM of resveratrol at 5% glucose: (1) shortened the CLS of ctt1Δ and yap1Δ strains; (2) decreased ROS levels and increased the catalase activity in WT strain; (3) maintained unaffected the ROS levels and did not change the catalase activity in ctt1Δ strain; and (4) lessened the exponential growth of ctt1Δ strain, which was restored with the adding of reduced glutathione. These results indicate that resveratrol decreases CLS by a pro-oxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Canedo-Santos
- División de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Ciudad Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | - Iridian Mora-Martinez
- División de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Ciudad Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Karina Gutierrez-Garcia
- División de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Ciudad Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Maria Guadalupe Ramirez-Romero
- División de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Ciudad Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | - Gerardo M Nava
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Madrigal-Perez
- División de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo, Ciudad Hidalgo, Mexico
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Aguilar T, Nava GM, Olvera-Ramírez AM, Ronquillo D, Camacho M, Zavala GA, Caamaño MC, Acevedo-Whitehouse K, Rosado JL, García OP. Gut Bacterial Families Are Associated with Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Markers in School-Aged Children in Rural Mexico. Child Obes 2020; 16:358-366. [PMID: 32429742 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Differences in gut microbiota composition have been associated with obesity and metabolic alterations in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the abundance of the main bacterial families of the gut among children according to their body composition and metabolic markers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 93 school-aged children (8.4 ± 1.6 years old). Anthropometric and body composition variables were measured and a blood sample was collected to determine glucose, insulin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, leptin, and cytokines [interleukin 6, interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)]. DNA was extracted from stool samples and the abundance of bacterial families (Bacteroidaceae-Porphyromonadaceae-Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae-Ruminococcaceae) was determined by qPCR assays. Results: Children with obesity and high waist/height ratio had lower Bacteroidaceae-Porphyromonadaceae-Prevotellaceae and higher abundance of Lactobacillaceae when compared with normal-weight children. TNFα was negatively associated and IL-10 was positively associated with Bacteroidaceae-Porphyromonadaceae-Prevotellaceae. Triglycerides showed a positive relationship with Lachnospiraceae-Ruminococcaceae whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was negatively associated with Lactobacillaceae. Conclusion: In rural Mexican school-aged children, a low abundance of Bacteroidaceae-Porphyromonadaceae-Prevotellaceae and a high abundance of Lactobacillaceae are associated with obesity and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Aguilar
- Departamento de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Gerardo M Nava
- Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Andrea M Olvera-Ramírez
- Cuerpo Académico Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Dolores Ronquillo
- Departamento de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Mariela Camacho
- Departamento de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Gerardo A Zavala
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María C Caamaño
- Departamento de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse
- Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Jorge L Rosado
- Departamento de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México.,CINDETEC, A.C., Querétaro, México
| | - Olga P García
- Departamento de Investigación en Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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Saenz-García CE, Castañeda-Serrano P, Mercado Silva EM, Alvarado CZ, Nava GM. Insights into the Identification of the Specific Spoilage Organisms in Chicken Meat. Foods 2020; 9:E225. [PMID: 32093245 PMCID: PMC7073905 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat deterioration is caused by environmental conditions, as well as proliferation of different bacterial groups, and their interactions. It has been proposed that meat spoilage involves two bacterial groups: one group that initiates the deterioration process, known as specific spoilage organisms (SSOs), and the other known as spoilage associated organisms (SAOs) which represents all bacteria groups recovered from meat samples before, during, and after the spoilage process. Numerous studies have characterized the diversity of chicken meat SAOs; nonetheless, the identification of the SSOs remains a long-standing question. Based on recent genomic studies, it is suggested that the SSOs should possess an extensive genome size to survive and proliferate in raw meat, a cold, complex, and hostile environment. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed comparative genomic analyses in members of the meat microbiota to identify microorganisms with extensive genome size and ability to cause chicken meat spoilage. Our studies show that members of the Pseudomonadaceae family have evolved numerous biological features such as large genomic size, slow-growing potential, low 16S rRNA copy number, psychrotrophic, and oligotrophic metabolism to initiate the spoilage of poultry meat. Moreover, inoculation experiments corroborated that these biological traits are associated with the potential to cause chicken meat deterioration. Together, these results provide new insights into the identification of SSO. Further studies are in progress to elucidate the impact of the SSO on meat quality and microbiota diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia E. Saenz-García
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (C.E.S.-G.); (E.M.M.S.)
| | - Pilar Castañeda-Serrano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tláhuac 13300, CDMX, Mexico;
| | - Edmundo M. Mercado Silva
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (C.E.S.-G.); (E.M.M.S.)
| | - Christine Z. Alvarado
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Gerardo M. Nava
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (C.E.S.-G.); (E.M.M.S.)
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Godínez-Oviedo A, Nava GM, Arvizu-Medrano SM, Hernández-Iturriaga M. An Improve Protocol for PCR Using LM1 and LM2 Primers for Listeria monocytogenes Detection in Food Matrices. Pol J Microbiol 2018; 66:255-257. [PMID: 28735310 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have observed that a conventional PCR protocol using primers LM1 and LM2 for the identification of gene hlyA Listeria monocytogenes generates non-specific PCR amplifications and false positives. For this reason in this study, we provide a modified PCR protocol that improves the specificity of the LM1 and LM2 primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Godínez-Oviedo
- Microbial Food Safety Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Gerardo M Nava
- Microbial Food Safety Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sofía M Arvizu-Medrano
- Microbial Food Safety Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Hernández-Iturriaga
- Microbial Food Safety Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
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Ramos-Gomez M, Olivares-Marin IK, Canizal-García M, González-Hernández JC, Nava GM, Madrigal-Perez LA. Resveratrol induces mitochondrial dysfunction and decreases chronological life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a glucose-dependent manner. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:241-251. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Esquivel-Hernandez Y, Ahumada-Cota RE, Attene-Ramos M, Alvarado CZ, Castañeda-Serrano P, Nava GM. Making things clear: Science-based reasons that chickens are not fed growth hormones. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Madrigal-Perez LA, Canizal-Garcia M, González-Hernández JC, Reynoso-Camacho R, Nava GM, Ramos-Gomez M. Energy-dependent effects of resveratrol inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2016; 33:227-34. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Madrigal-Perez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana del Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo; Michoacán México
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro; Santiago de Querétaro, Qro; México
| | - Melina Canizal-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana del Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Ciudad Hidalgo; Michoacán México
| | | | | | - Gerardo M. Nava
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro; Santiago de Querétaro, Qro; México
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Rubio-García ME, Rubio-Lozano MS, Ponce-Alquicira E, Rosario-Cortes C, Nava GM, Castañeda-Serrano MP. Improving appearance and microbiologic quality of broiler carcasses with an allostatic modulator. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1957-63. [PMID: 26069253 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An important priority of poultry producers is to guarantee animal welfare during animal production; however, broilers are exposed to unavoidable chronic stress (also known as allostasis) when they are captured, caged, and transported to the processing plant. This antemortem management causes allostatic load, animal injuries, and poor carcass quality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an allostatic modulator (AM) on antemortem stress by measuring the appearance and microbiological quality of broiler carcasses. The AM consisted of a liquid formula containing ascorbic acid, acetyl salicylic acid, and electrolytes, administered orally 48 h before shipment to the processing plant. A total of 600 chickens (49-days-old) were used under a factorial arrangement 2 × 2 × 2 [2 commercial hybrid lines, 2 feed withdrawal programs (10 and 16 h), and 2 water treatments (control and AM)]. Each treatment included 25 chickens per pen and was carried out in triplicate. The broilers were shipped, slaughtered, and processed in a commercial processing plant where carcass defects (bruises and broken bones caused by antemortem management), crop pH, and carcass bacterial counts were evaluated in all experimental groups. Broilers under AM treatment showed a reduction in carcass defects (P = 0.015), crop pH (P = 0.0001), coliforms counts (P = 0.014), and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (P = 0.0001) when compared to the control treatment. The present study indicates that the AM can be used to improve carcass quality in broilers. Our study provides a novel and economic alternative to reduce the allostatic load in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rubio-García
- Center for Teaching, Research, and Poultry Extension (CEIEPAv), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, FMVZ-UNAM, México, D.F. C.P. 13209
| | - M S Rubio-Lozano
- Center for Teaching and Research in Production and Animal Health, FMVZ-UNAM, México, D.F. C.P. 04510
| | - E Ponce-Alquicira
- Medicine and Poultry Husbandry Department, FMVZ-UNAM. México City, México, D.F. C.P. 04510
| | - C Rosario-Cortes
- Biotechnology Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Iztapalapa, México City, México, D.F. C.P. 09340
| | - G M Nava
- Department of Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, University Autonomous of Queretaro, México, C.P. 04510
| | - M P Castañeda-Serrano
- Center for Teaching, Research, and Poultry Extension (CEIEPAv), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, FMVZ-UNAM, México, D.F. C.P. 13209
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Nava GM, Merino R, Jarquin R, Ledesma N, Sanchez-Betancourt I, Lucio E, Martinez E, Escorcia M. A rapid test for avian influenza detects swine influenza virus. Vet Rec 2013; 173:424. [PMID: 24114732 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Nava
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
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Nava GM, Carbonero F, Ou J, Benefiel AC, O’Keefe SJ, Gaskins HR. Hydrogenotrophic microbiota distinguish native Africans from African and European Americans. Environ Microbiol Rep 2012; 4:307-15. [PMID: 23760794 PMCID: PMC4258901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduced susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer in native Africans (NA) is correlated with low consumption of animal products and greater microbial production of colonic methane. In this context, two hydrogenotrophic microbial groups are of interest, methanogenic Archaea (MA) utilizing H2 to produce methane and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) generating hydrogen sulfide, which has been linked with chronic inflammatory disorders of the colon. In the present study, stool samples from NA, consuming a diet high in resistant starch and low in animal products, and from African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA), both consuming a typical Western diet, were examined for genetic diversity and structure of Archaea, MA and SRB communities. In general, a greater proportion of NA than AA and EA harboured the full range of targeted hydrogenotrophic groups. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes and specific functional genes, combined with multivariate statistical analyses, revealed that NA harboured more diverse and different Archaea and MA populations than AA and EA. Also, NA harboured significantly distinct SRB populations compared with AA and EA. Taken together, these data are consistent with diet selecting for distinct hydrogenotrophic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo M. Nava
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Junhai Ou
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ann C. Benefiel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Stephen J. O’Keefe
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Corresponding Author: Laboratory of Mucosal Biology, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, Phone: 217-244-3165, Fax: 217-333-8286,
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Ciorba MA, Riehl TE, Rao MS, Moon C, Ee X, Nava GM, Walker MR, Marinshaw JM, Stappenbeck TS, Stenson WF. Lactobacillus probiotic protects intestinal epithelium from radiation injury in a TLR-2/cyclo-oxygenase-2-dependent manner. Gut 2012; 61:829-38. [PMID: 22027478 PMCID: PMC3345937 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small intestinal epithelium is highly sensitive to radiation and is a major site of injury during radiation therapy and environmental overexposure. OBJECTIVE To examine probiotic bacteria as potential radioprotective agents in the intestine. METHODS 8-week-old C57BL/6 wild-type or knockout mice were administered probiotic by gavage for 3 days before 12 Gy whole body radiation. The intestine was evaluated for cell-positional apoptosis (6 h) and crypt survival (84 h). RESULTS Gavage of 5×10⁷ Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) improved crypt survival about twofold (p<0.01); the effect was observed when administered before, but not after, radiation. Conditioned medium (CM) from LGG improved crypt survival (1.95-fold, p<0.01), and both LGG and LGG-CM reduced epithelial apoptosis particularly at the crypt base (33% to 18%, p<0.01). LGG was detected in the distal ileal contents after the gavage cycle, but did not lead to a detectable shift in bacterial family composition. The reduction in epithelial apoptosis and improved crypt survival offered by LGG was lost in MyD88⁻/⁻, TLR-2⁻/⁻ and cyclo-oxygenase-2⁻/⁻ (COX-2) mice but not TLR-4⁻/⁻ mice. LGG administration did not lead to increased jejunal COX-2 mRNA or prostaglandin E2 levels or a change in number of COX-2-expressing cells. However, a location shift was observed in constitutively COX-2-expressing cells of the lamina propria from the villi to a position near the crypt base (villi to crypt ratio 80:20 for control and 62:38 for LGG; p<0.001). Co-staining revealed these COX-2-expressing small intestinal lamina propria cells to be mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS LGG or its CM reduce radiation-induced epithelial injury and improve crypt survival. A TLR-2/MyD88 signalling mechanism leading to repositioning of constitutive COX-2-expressing mesenchymal stem cells to the crypt base is invoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8124, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Terrence E Riehl
- Departments of Medicine, Washington University Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - M Suprada Rao
- Departments of Medicine, Washington University Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Clara Moon
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xueping Ee
- Departments of Medicine, Washington University Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gerardo M Nava
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Monica R Walker
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Marinshaw
- Departments of Medicine, Washington University Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William F Stenson
- Departments of Medicine, Washington University Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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15
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Escorcia M, Attene-Ramos MS, Estrada MJ, Nava GM. Improving global influenza surveillance: trends of A(H5N1) virus in Africa and Asia. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:62. [PMID: 22268987 PMCID: PMC3305413 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses are an important health problem in many Asian and African countries. The current increase in human cases demonstrates that influenza A(H5N1) is still a significant global pandemic threat. Many health organizations have recognized the need for new strategies to improve influenza global surveillance. Specifically, the World Health Organization through the global technical consultation for influenza surveillance have called for a detailed picture of the current limitations, especially at the nation level, to evaluate, standardize and strength reporting systems. The main goal of our study is to demonstrate the value of genetic surveillance as part of a strategic surveillance plan. As a proof of concept, we evaluated the current situation of influenza A(H5N1) in Asian and Africa. Results Our analysis revealed a power-law distribution in the number of sequences of A(H5N1) viruses analyzed and/or reported to influenza surveillance networks. The majority of the Asian and African countries at great risk of A(H5N1) infections have very few (approximately three orders of magnitude) sequenced A(H5N1) viruses (e.g. hemagglutinin genes). This suggests that countries under pandemic alert for avian influenza A(H5N1) have very limited participation (e.g. data generation, genetic analysis and data share) in avian influenza A(H5N1) surveillance. More important, this study demonstrates the usefulness of influenza genetic surveillance to detect emerging pandemic threat viruses. Conclusions Our study reveals that some countries suffering from human cases of avian influenza have limited participation (e.g. genetic surveillance or data share) with global surveillance networks. Also, we demonstrate that the implementation of genetic surveillance programs could increase and strengthen worldwide epidemic and pandemic preparedness. We hope that this work promotes new discussions between policy makers and health surveillance organizations to improve current methodologies and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Escorcia
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves. Facultad de MedicinaVeterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF 04510, Mexico
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16
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Carbonero F, Nava GM, Benefiel AC, Greenberg E, Gaskins HR. Microbial DNA extraction from intestinal biopsies is improved by avoiding mechanical cell disruption. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 87:125-7. [PMID: 21820015 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, standard protocols for microbial DNA extraction from intestinal tissues do not exist. We assessed the efficiency of a commercial kit with and without mechanical disruption. Better quality DNA was obtained without mechanical disruption. Thus, it appears that bead-beating is not required for efficient microbial DNA extraction from intestinal biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Carbonero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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17
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Abstract
A longstanding hypothesis in intestinal microbial ecology is that autochthonous microbes (resident) play a role that is distinct from allochthonous microbes (transient microbes in the fecal stream). A challenge has been to identify this pool of microbes. We used laser capture microdissection to collect microbes from the mouse ascending colon. This area contains transverse folds that mimic human intestinal folds and contains a distinct population of intestinal microbes that is associated with the mucosa. Our analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed that this area was enriched for Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. In this addendum, we further compare this community to studies of mucosa-associated microbes in humans. This analysis reveals common phylogenetic groups of bacteria that are present in both mouse and human. However, we found microorganisms at the genus and species levels including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii which appears to be specific for humans. We propose that that examination of the mucosa-associated microbes in wild type and genetically modified mice will be a valuable component to define host microbial interactions that are essential for homeostasis.
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18
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Escorcia M, Carrillo-Sánchez K, March-Mifsut S, Chapa J, Lucio E, Nava GM. Impact of antigenic and genetic drift on the serologic surveillance of H5N2 avian influenza viruses. BMC Vet Res 2010; 6:57. [PMID: 21172021 PMCID: PMC3023700 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-6-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serologic surveillance of Avian Influenza (AI) viruses is carried out by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using reference reagents. This method is recommended by animal health organizations as a standard test to detect antigenic differences (subtypes) between circulating influenza virus, vaccine- and/or reference- strains. However, significant discrepancies between reference antisera and field isolates have been observed during serosurveillance of influenza A viruses in pig and poultry farms. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of influenza virus genetic and antigenic drift on serologic testing using standard HI assays and reference reagents. Low pathogenic AI H5N2 viruses isolated in Mexico between 1994 and 2008 were used for phylogenetic analysis of AI hemagglutinin genes and for serologic testing using antisera produced with year-specific AI virus isolates. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed significant divergence between early LPAI H5N2 viruses (1994 - 1998) and more recent virus field isolates (2002 - 2008). Results of the HI test were markedly influenced by the selection of the AI H5N2 virus (year of isolation) used as reference antigen for the assay. These analyses indicate that LPAI H5N2 viruses in Mexico are constantly undergoing genetic drift and that serosurveillance of AI viruses is significantly influenced by the antigen or antisera used for the HI test. Conclusions Reference viral antigens and/or antisera need to be replaced constantly during surveillance of AI viruses to keep pace with the AI antigenic drift. This strategy should improve the estimation of antigenic differences between circulating AI viruses and the selection of suitable vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Escorcia
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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19
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Attene-Ramos MS, Nava GM, Muellner MG, Wagner ED, Plewa MJ, Gaskins HR. DNA damage and toxicogenomic analyses of hydrogen sulfide in human intestinal epithelial FHs 74 Int cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 2010; 51:304-14. [PMID: 20120018 DOI: 10.1002/em.20546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a metabolic end product of sulfate-reducing bacteria, represents a genotoxic insult to the colonic epithelium, which may also be linked with chronic disorders such as ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. This study defined the early (30 min) and late (4 hr) response of nontransformed human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs 74 Int) to H(2)S. The genotoxicity of H(2)S was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Changes in gene expression were analyzed after exposure to a genotoxic, but not cytotoxic, concentration of H(2)S (500 muM H(2)S) using pathway-specific quantitative RT-PCR gene arrays. H(2)S was genotoxic in a concentration range from 250 to 2,000 microM, which is similar to concentrations found in the large intestine. Significant changes in gene expression were predominantly observed at 4 hr, with the greatest responses by PTGS2 (COX-2; 7.92-fold upregulated) and WNT2 (7.08-fold downregulated). COX-2 was the only gene upregulated at both 30 min and 4 hr. Overall, the study demonstrates that H(2)S modulates the expression of genes involved in cell-cycle progression and triggers both inflammatory and DNA repair responses. This study confirms the genotoxic properties of H(2)S in nontransformed human intestinal epithelial cells and identifies functional pathways by which this bacterial metabolite may perturb cellular homeostasis and contribute to the onset of chronic intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias S Attene-Ramos
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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20
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Thomas DJ, Nava GM, Cai SY, Boyer JL, Hernández-Zavala A, Gaskins HR. Arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase and the methylation of arsenicals in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis. Toxicol Sci 2009; 113:70-6. [PMID: 19833739 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation of inorganic arsenic (iAs) involves methylation catalyzed by arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) yielding mono-, di-, and trimethylated arsenicals. To investigate the evolution of molecular mechanisms that mediate arsenic biotransformation, a comparative genomic approach focusing on the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis was used. Bioinformatic analyses identified an As3mt gene in the C. intestinalis genome. Constitutive As3mt RNA expression was observed in heart, branchial sac, and gastrointestinal tract. Adult animals were exposed to 0 or 1 ppm of iAs for 1 or 5 days. Steady-state As3mt RNA expression in the gastrointestinal tract was not modulated significantly by 5 days of exposure to iAs. Tissue levels of iAs and its methylated metabolites were determined by hydride generation-cryotrapping-gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry. At either time point, exposure to iAs significantly increased concentrations of iAs and its methylated metabolites in tissues. After 5 days of exposure, total speciated arsenic concentrations were highest in branchial sac (3705 ng/g), followed by heart (1019 ng/g) and gastrointestinal tract (835 ng/g). At this time point, the sum of the speciated arsenical concentrations in gastrointestinal tract and heart equaled or exceeded that of iAs; in branchial sac, iAs was the predominant species present. Ciona intestinalis metabolizes iAs to its methylated metabolites, which are retained in tissues. This metabolic pattern is consistent with the presence of an As3mt ortholog in its genome and constitutive expression of the gene in prominent organs, making this basal chordate a useful model to examine the evolution of arsenic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Thomas
- Pharmacokinetics Branch, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
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Abstract
To gain insight into the possible origins of the 2009 outbreak of new influenza A(H1N1), we performed two independent analyses of genetic evolution of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus. Firstly, protein homology analyses of more than 400 sequences revealed that this virus most likely evolved from recent swine viruses. Secondly, phylogenetic analyses of 5,214 protein sequences of influenza A(H1N1) viruses (avian, swine and human) circulating in North America for the last two decades (from 1989 to 2009) indicated that the new influenza A(H1N1) virus possesses a distinctive evolutionary trait (genetic distinctness). This appears to be a particular characteristic in pig-human interspecies transmission of influenza A. Thus these analyses contribute to the evidence of the role of pig populations as "mixing vessels" for influenza A(H1N1) viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Nava
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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22
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Nava GM, Lee DY, Ospina JH, Cai SY, Gaskins HR. Genomic analyses reveal a conserved glutathione homeostasis pathway in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis. Physiol Genomics 2009; 39:183-94. [PMID: 19470804 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00025.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The major thiol redox buffer glutathione (l-gamma-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is central to cell fate determination, and thus, associated metabolic and regulatory pathways are exquisitely sensitive to a wide range of environmental cues. An imbalance of cellular redox homeostasis has emerged as a pathologic hallmark of a diverse range of human gene-environment disorders. Despite the central importance of GSH in cellular homeostasis, underlying genetic regulatory pathways remain poorly defined. This report describes the annotation and expression analysis of genes contributing to GSH homeostasis in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis. A core pathway comprising 19 genes contributing to the biosynthesis of GSH and its use as both a redox buffer and a conjugate in phase II detoxification as well as known transcriptional regulators were analyzed. These genes exhibit a high level of sequence conservation with corresponding human, rat, and mouse homologs and were expressed constitutively in tissues of adult animals. The GSH biosynthetic genes Gclc and Gclm were also responsive to the prototypical antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone. The present evidence of a conserved GSH homeostasis pathway in C. intestinalis together with its phylogenetic position as a basal chordate and lifestyle as a filter feeder constantly exposed to natural marine toxins introduces this species as an important animal model for defining molecular mechanisms that potentially underlie genetic susceptibility to environmentally associated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo M Nava
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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23
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Nava GM, Ou J, O'Keefe SJ, Gaskins HR. Diet and intestinal sulfate reducing bacteria populations distinguish native Africans from Caucasian and African Americans. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.222.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo M. Nava
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL
| | - Junhai Ou
- Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical SchoolPittsburghPA
| | - Stephen J. O'Keefe
- Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical SchoolPittsburghPA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL
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24
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Fastinger ND, Karr-Lilienthal LK, Spears JK, Swanson KS, Zinn KE, Nava GM, Ohkuma K, Kanahori S, Gordon DT, Fahey GC. A Novel Resistant Maltodextrin Alters Gastrointestinal Tolerance Factors, Fecal Characteristics, and Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Adult Humans. J Am Coll Nutr 2008; 27:356-66. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Escorcia M, Vázquez L, Méndez ST, Rodríguez-Ropón A, Lucio E, Nava GM. Avian influenza: genetic evolution under vaccination pressure. Virol J 2008; 5:15. [PMID: 18218105 PMCID: PMC2259324 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-5-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigenic drift of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has been observed in chickens after extended vaccination program, similar to those observed with human influenza viruses. To evaluate the evolutionary properties of endemic AIV under high vaccination pressure (around 2 billion doses used in the last 12 years), we performed a pilot phylogenic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of AIVs isolated from 1994 to 2006. This study demonstrates that Mexican low pathogenicity (LP) H5N2-AIVs are constantly undergoing genetic drifts. Recent AIV isolates (2002-2006) show significant molecular drifts when compared with the H5N2 vaccine-strain or other field isolates (1994-2000). This study also demonstrates that molecular drifts in the HA gene lineages follow a yearly trend, suggesting gradually cumulative sequence mutations. These findings might explain the increasing incidence of LP H5N2 AIV isolated from commercial avian farms. These findings support recent concerns about the challenge of AIV antigenic drift and influenza epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Escorcia
- Departamento de Producción Animal Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, DF 04510, México.
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26
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Congdon CB, Aman JC, Nava GM, Gaskins HR, Mattingly CJ. An evaluation of information content as a metric for the inference of putative conserved noncoding regions in DNA sequences using a genetic algorithms approach. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2008; 5:1-14. [PMID: 18245871 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2007.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In previous work, we presented GAMI, an approach to motif inference that uses a genetic algorithms search. GAMI is designed specifically to find putative conserved regulatory motifs in noncoding regions of divergent species, and is designed to allow for analysis of long nucleotide sequences. In this work, we compare GAMI's performance when run with its original fitness function (a simple count of the number of matches) and when run with information content, as well as several variations on these metrics. Results indicate that information content does not identify highly conserved regions, and thus is not the appropriate metric for this task, while variations on information content as well as the original metric succeed in identifying putative conserved regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Bates Congdon
- Computer Science Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland 04104, USA.
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27
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Abstract
AbstractThe intestinal mucosa represents the most active defense barrier against the continuous challenge of food antigens and pathogenic microorganisms present in the intestinal lumen. Protection against harmful agents is conferred by factors such as gastric acid, peristalsis, mucus, intestinal proteolysis, and the intestinal biota. The establishment of beneficial bacterial communities and metabolites from these complex ecosystems has varying consequences for host health. This hypothesis has led to the introduction of novel therapeutic interventions based on the consumption of beneficial bacterial cultures. Mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria affect the microecology of the gastrointestinal tract are not well understood, but at least three mechanisms of action have been proposed: production/presence of antibacterial substances (e.g., bacteriocins or colicins), modulation of immune responses and specific competition for adhesion receptors to intestinal epithelium. The rapid establishment of bacterial communities has been thought to be essential for the prevention of colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Some animal models suggest that the reduction in bacterial translocation in neonatal animals could be associated with an increase in intestinal bacterial communities and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by these species. This review emphasizes the role of the intestinal microbiota in the reduction of the gastrointestinal infections and draws heavily on studies in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Nava
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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28
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Nakamura N, Gaskins HR, Collier CT, Nava GM, Mackie RI, Mitmesser S, Harris C, Russel WM, Petschow B, Rai D. Tolerance of prebiotic supplemented infant formula and impact on composition of fecal microbiota. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nakamura
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign1207 W Gregory DriveUrbanaIL61801
| | - H Rex Gaskins
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign1207 W Gregory DriveUrbanaIL61801
| | - Chad T Collier
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign1207 W Gregory DriveUrbanaIL61801
| | - Gerardo M Nava
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign1207 W Gregory DriveUrbanaIL61801
| | - Roderick I Mackie
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign1207 W Gregory DriveUrbanaIL61801
| | - Susan Mitmesser
- Mead Johnson Nutritionals2400 W. Lloyd ExpresswayEvansvilleIN47721
| | - Cheryl Harris
- Mead Johnson Nutritionals2400 W. Lloyd ExpresswayEvansvilleIN47721
| | - W Michael Russel
- Mead Johnson Nutritionals2400 W. Lloyd ExpresswayEvansvilleIN47721
| | - Bryon Petschow
- Mead Johnson Nutritionals2400 W. Lloyd ExpresswayEvansvilleIN47721
| | - Deshanie Rai
- Mead Johnson Nutritionals2400 W. Lloyd ExpresswayEvansvilleIN47721
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Chowdhury SR, Conour JE, Nava GM, Gaskins HR. Polarized provision of cysteine affects redox homeostasis in intestinal Caco2‐BBE cells. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J E Conour
- University of Illinois1207 Gregory DrUrbanaIL61801
| | - G M Nava
- University of Illinois1207 Gregory DrUrbanaIL61801
| | - H R Gaskins
- University of Illinois1207 Gregory DrUrbanaIL61801
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Nava GM, Davila V. Probiotic therapy: a real tool to reduce intestinal infections? Med Sci Monit 2004; 10:LE22-3. [PMID: 15507860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
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32
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Callaway TR, Anderson RC, Tellez G, Rosario C, Nava GM, Eslava C, Blanco MA, Quiroz MA, Olguín A, Herradora M, Edrington TS, Genovese KJ, Harvey RB, Nisbet DJ. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and swine in central Mexico. J Food Prot 2004; 67:2274-6. [PMID: 15508641 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.10.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that can reside undetected in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle because colonization by this bacterium is asymptomatic. Recent research has indicated that swine can carry and transmit this pathogen as well. The development of more advanced and sensitive detection techniques has improved the limit of detection and increased sensitivity for this important pathogen. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle and swine in Mexico with the more sensitive detection technique of immunomagnetic bead separation. Samples (n = 60 per farm) were taken from four cattle and four swine farms (n = 240 cattle samples, n = 240 swine samples) located throughout central Mexico in October 2001. The prevalence of E. coli O157 was found to be only 1.25% on cattle farms and 2.1% on swine farms. The prevalence in cattle in this study is lower than that reported in the United States and could be related to the lower reported prevalence of E. coli O157 in humans in Mexico. However, further research is needed to verify prevalence throughout other regions of Mexico, as well as prevalence during other seasons of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Callaway
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
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