1
|
Gbaguidi MLE, Adamou R, Edslev S, Hansen A, Domingo ND, Dechavanne C, Massougbodji A, Garcia A, Theisen M, Milet J, Donadi EA, Courtin D. IgG and IgM responses to the Plasmodium falciparum asexual stage antigens reflect respectively protection against malaria during pregnancy and infanthood. Malar J 2024; 23:154. [PMID: 38764069 PMCID: PMC11103834 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a public health issue mostly seen in tropical countries. Until now, there is no effective malaria vaccine against antigens specific to the blood-stage of P. falciparum infection. Because the pathogenesis of malarial disease results from blood-stage infection, it is essential to identify the most promising blood-stage vaccine candidate antigens under natural exposure to malaria infection. METHODS A cohort of 400 pregnant women and their infants was implemented in South Benin. An active and passive protocol of malaria surveillance was established during pregnancy and infancy to precisely ascertain malaria infections during the follow-up. Twenty-eight antibody (Ab) responses specific to seven malaria candidate vaccine antigens were repeatedly quantified during pregnancy (3 time points) and infancy (6 time points) in order to study the Ab kinetics and their protective role. Abs were quantified by ELISA and logistic, linear and cox-proportional hazard model were performed to analyse the associations between Ab responses and protection against malaria in mothers and infants, taking into account socio-economic factors and for infants an environmental risk of exposure. RESULTS The levels of IgM against MSP1, MSP2 and MSP3 showed an early protective response against the onset of symptomatic malaria infections starting from the 18th month of life, whereas no association was found for IgG responses during infancy. In women, some IgG responses tend to be associated with a protection against malaria risk along pregnancy and at delivery, among them IgG3 against GLURP-R0 and IgG2 against MSP1. CONCLUSION The main finding suggests that IgM should be considered in vaccine designs during infanthood. Investigation of the functional role played by IgM in malaria protection needs further attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahugnon L Erasme Gbaguidi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- IRD, MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
- Centre d'Etude Et de Recherche Sur Les Pathologies Associées À La Grossesse Et À L'Enfance, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Rafiou Adamou
- IRD, MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
- Centre d'Etude Et de Recherche Sur Les Pathologies Associées À La Grossesse Et À L'Enfance, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Sofie Edslev
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Anita Hansen
- Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Nadia D Domingo
- Centre d'Etude Et de Recherche Sur Les Pathologies Associées À La Grossesse Et À L'Enfance, Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | | | - André Garcia
- IRD, MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Michael Theisen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Courtin
- IRD, MERIT, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abushama HM, AbdelRahman IA, Ali H, Mowia T, Mousa F, Abdelhamid MM, ElHassan IM. Variation of antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-19 antigen with parasitaemia and IL4vntr polymorphism in Khartoum state, Sudan. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:412-423. [PMID: 33223631 PMCID: PMC7671181 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Khartoum state to investigate the variation of antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum 19-kDa C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 antigen and the variation of human IL4 polymorphism with parasitaemia. Measurements of natural acquisition of anti-Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-19 IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies were performed using ELISA. Molecular characterization of IL4vntr polymorphism was achieved. We were able to detect a statistically significant negative correlation between parasitaemia and different age groups (r = − 0.262 and p value = 0.043) and with anti-P.fMSP1-19 IgG1 (r = − 0.418, p value = 0.047). Anti-P.fMSP1-19 IgG showed a significant difference among age groups (p < 0.001). Only anti-P.fMSP1-19 IgG showed a significant association with general appearance (p value < 0.001). The mean for total anti-P.fMSP1-19 IgG3 was statistically significantly higher in females compared to males (p value < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the distribution of human IL4 vntr genotypic and allelic frequencies between cases and control group as well as among different clinical manifestation.We concluded that IgG1 levels to MSP1-19 were found to be negatively correlated with parasitaemia and anti-PfMSP1-19 IgG was significantly increased in ill and severely ill with age considered as a cofactor. Further studies are needed to ascertain the role of IgG and IgG1 in protection and to investigate the IgG and subclasses’ response against other antigenic markers. These findings are valuable for advancing vaccine development by providing evidence supporting merozoite antigens as targets of protective immunity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hind M. Abushama
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Inas A. AbdelRahman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hiba Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Tasneem Mowia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Faisal Mousa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brunner NC, Chacky F, Mandike R, Mohamed A, Runge M, Thawer SG, Ross A, Vounatsou P, Lengeler C, Molteni F, Hetzel MW. The potential of pregnant women as a sentinel population for malaria surveillance. Malar J 2019; 18:370. [PMID: 31752889 PMCID: PMC6873723 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With increasing spatial heterogeneity of malaria transmission and a shift of the disease burden towards older children and adults, pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) have been proposed as a pragmatic sentinel population for malaria surveillance. However, the representativeness of routine ANC malaria test-positivity and its relationship with prevalence in other population subgroups are yet to be investigated. Methods Monthly ANC malaria test-positivity data from all Tanzanian health facilities for January 2014 to May 2016 was compared to prevalence data from the School Malaria Parasitaemia Survey 2015, the Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) 2015/16, the Malaria Atlas Project 2015, and a Bayesian model fitted to MIS data. Linear regression was used to describe the difference between malaria test-positivity in pregnant women and respective comparison groups as a function of ANC test-positivity and potential covariates. Results The relationship between ANC test-positivity and survey prevalence in children follows spatially and biologically meaningful patterns. However, the uncertainty of the relationship was substantial, particularly in areas with high or perennial transmission. In comparison, modelled data estimated higher prevalence in children at low transmission intensities and lower prevalence at higher transmission intensities. Conclusions Pregnant women attending ANC are a pragmatic sentinel population to assess heterogeneity and trends in malaria prevalence in Tanzania. Yet, since ANC malaria test-positivity cannot be used to directly predict the prevalence in other population subgroups, complementary community-level measurements remain highly relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Brunner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Chacky
- National Malaria Control Programme, P.O. Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.,Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Building No. 11, P. O. Box 743, 40478, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Renata Mandike
- National Malaria Control Programme, P.O. Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.,Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Building No. 11, P. O. Box 743, 40478, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Ally Mohamed
- National Malaria Control Programme, P.O. Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.,Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Building No. 11, P. O. Box 743, 40478, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Manuela Runge
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sumaiyya G Thawer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.,National Malaria Control Programme, P.O. Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Amanda Ross
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Penelope Vounatsou
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lengeler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Molteni
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.,National Malaria Control Programme, P.O. Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Manuel W Hetzel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naturally acquired antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum describes heterogeneity in transmission on islands in Lake Victoria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9123. [PMID: 28831122 PMCID: PMC5567232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As markers of exposure anti-malaria antibody responses can help characterise heterogeneity in malaria transmission. In the present study antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1, MSP-119 and CSP were measured with the aim to describe transmission patterns in meso-endemic settings in Lake Victoria. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Lake Victoria in January and August 2012. The study area comprised of three settings: mainland (Ungoye), large island (Mfangano) and small islands (Takawiri, Kibuogi, Ngodhe). Individuals provided a finger-blood sample to assess malaria infection by microscopy and PCR. Antibody response to P. falciparum was determined in 4,112 individuals by ELISA using eluted dried blood from filter paper. The overall seroprevalence was 64.0% for AMA-1, 39.5% for MSP-119, and 12.9% for CSP. Between settings, seroprevalences for merozoite antigens were similar between Ungoye and Mfangano, but higher when compared to the small islands. For AMA-1, the seroconversion rates (SCRs) ranged from 0.121 (Ngodhe) to 0.202 (Ungoye), and were strongly correlated to parasite prevalence. We observed heterogeneity in serological indices across study sites in Lake Victoria. These data suggest that AMA-1 and MSP-119 sero-epidemiological analysis may provide further evidence in assessing variation in malaria exposure and evaluating malaria control efforts in high endemic area.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fotoran WL, Santangelo RM, Medeiros MM, Colhone M, Ciancaglini P, Barboza R, Marinho CRF, Stábeli RG, Wunderlich G. Liposomes loaded with P. falciparum merozoite-derived proteins are highly immunogenic and produce invasion-inhibiting and anti-toxin antibodies. J Control Release 2015; 217:121-7. [PMID: 26334481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The formulation of an effective vaccine against malaria is still a significant challenge and the induction of high anti-parasite antibody titers plus a sustained T cell response is mandatory for the success of such a vaccine. We have developed a nanoliposome-based structure which contains plasma membrane-associated proteins (PfMNP) of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites on its surface. Incorporation of parasite-derived proteins led to a significant increase in the size and dispersity of particles. Immunization of particles in BalbC and C57BL/6 mice led to high anti-MSP119 IgG titers (10(4)) after the first dose and reached a plateau (>10(6)) after the third dose. While very high titers were observed against the C-terminal domain of the vaccine candidate MSP1, only modest titers (≤10(3)) were detected against MSP2. The induced antibodies showed also a strong growth-inhibiting effect in reinvasion assays. In addition, PfMNP immunization generated antibodies which partially blocked the inflammatory response, probably by blocking TLR-induced activation of macrophages by malarial toxins such as GPI anchors. The results underline the potential of nanoliposome-based formulations as anti-malarial vaccines.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shelton JMG, Corran P, Risley P, Silva N, Hubbart C, Jeffreys A, Rowlands K, Craik R, Cornelius V, Hensmann M, Molloy S, Sepulveda N, Clark TG, Band G, Clarke GM, Spencer CCA, Kerasidou A, Campino S, Auburn S, Tall A, Ly AB, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Sakuntabhai A, Djimdé A, Maiga B, Touré O, Doumbo OK, Dolo A, Troye-Blomberg M, Mangano VD, Verra F, Modiano D, Bougouma E, Sirima SB, Ibrahim M, Hussain A, Eid N, Elzein A, Mohammed H, Elhassan A, Elhassan I, Williams TN, Ndila C, Macharia A, Marsh K, Manjurano A, Reyburn H, Lemnge M, Ishengoma D, Carter R, Karunaweera N, Fernando D, Dewasurendra R, Drakeley CJ, Riley EM, Kwiatkowski DP, Rockett KA. Genetic determinants of anti-malarial acquired immunity in a large multi-centre study. Malar J 2015; 14:333. [PMID: 26314886 PMCID: PMC4552443 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies report associations between human genetic factors and immunity to malaria but few have been reliably replicated. These studies are usually country-specific, use small sample sizes and are
not directly comparable due to differences in methodologies. This study brings together samples and data collected from multiple sites across Africa and Asia to use standardized methods to look for consistent genetic effects on anti-malarial antibody levels. Methods Sera, DNA samples and clinical data were collected from 13,299 individuals from ten sites in Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, and Sri Lanka using standardized methods. DNA was extracted and typed for 202 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with known associations to malaria or antibody production, and antibody levels to four clinical grade malarial antigens [AMA1, MSP1, MSP2, and (NANP)4] plus total IgE were measured by ELISA techniques. Regression models were used to investigate the associations of clinical and genetic factors with antibody levels. Results Malaria infection increased levels of antibodies to malaria antigens and, as expected, stable predictors of anti-malarial antibody levels included age, seasonality, location, and ethnicity. Correlations between antibodies to blood-stage antigens AMA1, MSP1 and MSP2 were higher between themselves than with antibodies to the (NANP)4 epitope of the pre-erythrocytic circumsporozoite protein, while there was little or no correlation with total IgE levels. Individuals with sickle cell trait had significantly lower antibody levels to all blood-stage antigens, and recessive homozygotes for CD36 (rs321198) had significantly lower anti-malarial antibody levels to MSP2. Conclusion Although the most significant finding with a consistent effect across sites was for sickle cell trait, its effect is likely to be via reducing a microscopically positive parasitaemia rather than directly on antibody levels. However, this study does demonstrate a framework for the feasibility of combining data from sites with heterogeneous malaria transmission levels across Africa and Asia with which to explore genetic effects on anti-malarial immunity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0833-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M G Shelton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Patrick Corran
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Paul Risley
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Nilupa Silva
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Christina Hubbart
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Anna Jeffreys
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kate Rowlands
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rachel Craik
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Victoria Cornelius
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Meike Hensmann
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sile Molloy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Nuno Sepulveda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
| | - Taane G Clark
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
| | - Gavin Band
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Geraldine M Clarke
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christopher C A Spencer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Angeliki Kerasidou
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, The Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Susana Campino
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Adama Tall
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Alioune Badara Ly
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Odile Mercereau-Puijalon
- Parasite Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA3012, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Abdoulaye Djimdé
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Boubacar Maiga
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Ousmane Touré
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Amagana Dolo
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Marita Troye-Blomberg
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20B, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Valentina D Mangano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Frederica Verra
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - David Modiano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Edith Bougouma
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Sodiomon B Sirima
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Muntaser Ibrahim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ayman Hussain
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Nahid Eid
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Abier Elzein
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Hiba Mohammed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ahmed Elhassan
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ibrahim Elhassan
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Thomas N Williams
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya. .,Department of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Carolyne Ndila
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Alexander Macharia
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Kevin Marsh
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Alphaxard Manjurano
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Hugh Reyburn
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Martha Lemnge
- National Institute for Medical Research, Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Deus Ishengoma
- National Institute for Medical Research, Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Richard Carter
- Division of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
| | - Nadira Karunaweera
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Deepika Fernando
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Rajika Dewasurendra
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Christopher J Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Dominic P Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Kirk A Rockett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
French MA, Center RJ, Wilson KM, Fleyfel I, Fernandez S, Schorcht A, Stratov I, Kramski M, Kent SJ, Kelleher AD. Isotype-switched immunoglobulin G antibodies to HIV Gag proteins may provide alternative or additional immune responses to 'protective' human leukocyte antigen-B alleles in HIV controllers. AIDS 2013; 27:519-28. [PMID: 23364441 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32835cb720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural control of HIV infection is associated with CD8 T-cell responses to Gag-encoded antigens of the HIV core and carriage of 'protective' human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B alleles, but some HIV controllers do not possess these attributes. As slower HIV disease progression is associated with high levels of antibodies to HIV Gag proteins, we have examined antibodies to HIV proteins in controllers with and without 'protective' HLA-B alleles. METHODS Plasma from 32 HIV controllers and 21 noncontrollers was examined for immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 antibodies to HIV proteins in virus lysates by western blot assay and to recombinant (r) p55 and gp140 by ELISA. Natural killer (NK) cell-activating antibodies and FcγRIIa-binding immune complexes were also assessed. RESULTS Plasma levels of IgG1 antibodies to HIV Gag (p18, p24, rp55) and Pol-encoded (p32, p51, p66) proteins were higher in HIV controllers. In contrast, IgG1 antibodies to Env proteins were less discriminatory, with only antigp120 levels being higher in controllers. High-level IgG2 antibodies to any Gag protein were most common in HIV controllers not carrying a 'protective' HLA-B allele, particularly HLA-B*57 (P = 0.016). HIV controllers without 'protective' HLA-B alleles also had higher plasma levels of IgG1 antip32 (P = 0.04). NK cell-activating antibodies to gp140 Env protein were higher in elite controllers but did not differentiate HIV controllers with or without 'protective' HLA-B alleles. IgG1 was increased in FcγRIIa-binding immune complexes from noncontrollers. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that isotype-switched (IgG2+) antibodies to HIV Gag proteins and possibly IgG1 antip32 may provide alternative or additional immune control mechanisms to HLA-restricted CD8 T-cell responses in HIV controllers.
Collapse
|
8
|
Afridi S, Atkinson A, Garnier S, Fumoux F, Rihet P. Malaria resistance genes are associated with the levels of IgG subclasses directed against Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigens in Burkina Faso. Malar J 2012; 11:308. [PMID: 22947458 PMCID: PMC3552815 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HBB, IL4, IL12, TNF, LTA, NCR3 and FCGR2A polymorphisms have been associated with malaria resistance in humans, whereas cytophilic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are thought to play a critical role in immune protection against asexual blood stages of the parasite. Furthermore, HBB, IL4, TNF, and FCGR2A have been associated with both malaria resistance and IgG levels. This suggests that some malaria resistance genes influence the levels of IgG subclass antibodies. Methods In this study, the effect of HBB, IL4, IL12, TNF, LTA, NCR3 and FCGR2A polymorphisms on the levels of IgG responses against Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage extract was investigated in 220 individuals living in Burkina Faso. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient among IgG subclasses was determined. A family-based approach was used to assess the association of polymorphisms with anti-P. falciparum IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 levels. Results After applying a multiple test correction, several polymorphisms were associated with IgG subclass or IgG levels. There was an association of i) haemoglobin C with IgG levels; ii) the FcγRIIa H/R131 with IgG2 and IgG3 levels; iii) TNF-863 with IgG3 levels; iv) TNF-857 with IgG levels; and, v) TNF1304 with IgG3, IgG4, and IgG levels. Conclusion Taken together, the results support the hypothesis that some polymorphisms affect malaria resistance through their effect on the acquired immune response, and pave the way towards further comprehension of genetic control of an individual’s humoral response against malaria.
Collapse
|
9
|
Giha HA, Nasr AA, Iriemenam NC, Berzins K, Troye-Blomberg M, Arnot DE, Elghazali G. A malaria serological map indicating the intersection between parasite antigenic diversity and host antibody repertoires. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:3117-25. [PMID: 22744729 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A malaria vaccine targeting Plasmodium falciparum remains a strategic goal for malaria control. If a polyvalent vaccine is to be developed, its subunits would probably be chosen based on immunogenicity (concentration of elicited antibodies) and associations of selected antigens with protection. We propose an additional possible selection criterion for the inclusion of subunit antigens; that is, coordination between elicited antibodies. For the quantitative estimation of this coordination, we developed a malaria serological map (MSM). Construction of the MSM was based on three categories of variables: (i) malaria antigens, (ii) total IgG and IgG subclasses, (iii) different sources of plasma. To validate the MSM, in this study, we used four malaria antigens (AMA1, MSP2-3D7, MSP2-FC27 and Pf332-C231) and re-grouped the plasma samples into five pairs of subsets based on age, gender, residence, HbAS and malaria morbidity in 9 years. The plasma total IgG and IgG subclasses to the test antigens were measured, and the whole material was used for the MSM construction. Most of the variables in the MSM were previously tested and their associations with malaria morbidity are known. The coordination of response to each antigens pair in the MSM was quantified as the correlation rate (CR = overall number of significant correlations/total number of correlations × 100 %). Unexpectedly, the results showed that low CRs were mostly associated with variables linked with malaria protection and the antigen eliciting the least CRs was the one associated with protection. The MSM is, thus, of potential value for vaccine design and understanding of malaria natural immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Giha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University (AGU), P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Giha HA, Nasr A, Iriemenam NC, Troye-Blomberg M, Berzins K, ElGhazali G. Lack of significant influence for FcγRIIa-RH131 or hemoglobin AA/AS polymorphisms on immunity and susceptibility to uncomplicated malaria and existence of marked linkage between the two polymorphisms in Daraweesh. Microbes Infect 2012; 14:537-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Balogun HA, Awah NW, Farouk SE, Berzins K. Pf332-C231-reactive antibodies affect growth and development of intra-erythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Vaccine 2011; 30:21-8. [PMID: 22064263 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Plasmodium falciparum antigen 332 (Pf332), is a megadalton parasite protein expressed at the surface of infected red cells during later stages of the parasite's developmental cycle. Antibodies to different parts of this antigen have been shown to inhibit parasite growth and adherence to host cells with or without ancillary cells. However, the mechanisms involved in these inhibitions remain largely unknown. We further analysed the activities of specific antibodies with regard to their specific mechanisms of action. For these analyses, affinity purified human antibodies against epitopes in the C-terminal fragment of Pf332 (Pf332-C231) were employed. All purified antibodies recognized Pf332-C231 both by immunofluorescence and ELISA. IgG was the main antibody isotype detected, although all sera investigated had varying proportions of IgG and IgM content. All the antibodies showed a capacity to inhibit parasite growth in P. falciparum cultures to different extents, mainly by acting on the more mature parasite stages. Morphological analysis revealed the antibody effects to be characterized by the presence of a high proportion of abnormal schizonts (15-30%) and pyknotic parasites. There was also an apparent antibody effect on the red cell integrity, as many developing parasites (up to 10% of trophozoites and schizonts) were extracellular. In some cases, the infected red cells appeared to be disintegrating/fading, staining paler than surrounding infected and uninfected cells. Antigen reversal of inhibition confirmed that these inhibitions were antigen specific. Furthermore, the growth of parasites after 22-42h exposure to antibodies was investigated. Following the removal of antibody pressure, a decreased growth rate of these parasites was seen compared to that of control parasites. The present study confirms the potential of Pf332 as a target antigen for parasite neutralizing antibodies, and further indicates that epitopes within the C231 region of Pf332 should constitute important tools in the dissection of the role of Pf332 in the biology of the malaria parasite, as well as in the design of a malaria vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halima A Balogun
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20 C, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Proietti C, Pettinato DD, Kanoi BN, Ntege E, Crisanti A, Riley EM, Egwang TG, Drakeley C, Bousema T. Continuing intense malaria transmission in northern Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 84:830-7. [PMID: 21540398 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports of reductions in malaria transmission in several African countries have resulted in optimism that malaria can be eliminated in parts of Africa where it is currently endemic. It is not known whether these trends are global or whether they are also present in areas where political instability has hindered effective malaria control. We determined malaria parasite carriage and age-dependent antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in cross-sectional surveys in Apac, northern Uganda that was affected by political unrest. Under-five parasite prevalence was 55.8% (115/206) by microscopy and 71.9% (41/57) by polymerase chain reaction. Plasmodium ovale alone, or as a co-infection, was detected in 8.6% (12/139) and Plasmodium malariae in 4.3% (6/139) of the infections. Age seroprevalence curves gave no indication of recent changes in malaria transmission intensity. Malaria control remains a tremendous challenge in areas that have not benefited from large-scale interventions, illustrated here by the district of Apac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Proietti
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Giha HA, Nasr A, Iriemenam NC, Troye-Blomberg M, Berzins K, Pandey JP, Elghazali G. Associations of multi-locus polymorphisms in an immune network with susceptibility to uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Daraweesh village, Eastern Sudan. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1674-81. [PMID: 21729768 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to uncomplicated malaria (UM), as to other forms of the disease, is genetically determined. Over 9-years of clinical and parasitological follow up of inhabitants of Daraweesh, in Eastern Sudan, the relative susceptibility to UM was estimated in terms of number of episodes experienced by each individual. Previously, we reported that the levels of IgG2 and IgG3 to Pf332-C231 malaria antigen are negatively correlated with number of malaria episodes. In addition, four molecular markers for malaria susceptibility (CRP -286, GM/KM haplotypes, FcγRIIa131 and HbAS) were tested. In this study, the above data were combined and reanalysed. The CRP -286A allele and GM 1,17 5,13,14,6 phenotype were previously found to be associated with increased susceptibility to malaria; however, individuals have both polymorphism together were not more susceptible to UM than the non-carriers of the same double polymorphism. The FcγRIIa-RR131 and HbAA genotypes taken individually or as double polymorphism were not associated with malaria susceptibility; however, their combination with any or both of the former polymorphisms was mostly associated with increased susceptibility to malaria. None of the four markers were associated with the levels of IgG2 and IgG3 against Pf332-C231. In conclusion, while our data support the polygenic nature of susceptibility to UM and highlighted the role of immune markers polymorphisms, the combinations of these markers were not predictable, i.e. the combination of the susceptibility markers will not necessarily render the carriers more susceptible to UM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A Giha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Bahrain, Sudan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bousema T, Roeffen W, Meijerink H, Mwerinde H, Mwakalinga S, van Gemert GJ, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, Mosha F, Targett G, Riley EM, Sauerwein R, Drakeley C. The dynamics of naturally acquired immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage antigens Pfs230 & Pfs48/45 in a low endemic area in Tanzania. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14114. [PMID: 21124765 PMCID: PMC2993929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Naturally acquired immune responses against sexual stages of P. falciparum can reduce the transmission of malaria from humans to mosquitoes. These antigens are candidate transmission-blocking vaccines but little is known about the acquisition of sexual stage immunity after exposure to gametocytes, or their longevity and functionality. We conducted a longitudinal study on functional sexual stage immune responses. Methodology/Principal Findings Parasitaemic individuals (n = 116) were recruited at a health centre in Lower Moshi, Tanzania. Patients presented with gametocytes (n = 16), developed circulating gametocytes by day 7 (n = 69) or between day 7 and 14 (n = 10) after treatment or did not develop gametocytes (n = 21). Serum samples were collected on the first day of gametocytaemia and 28 and 84 days post-enrolment (or d7, 28, 84 after enrolment from gametocyte-negative individuals). Antibody responses to sexual stage antigens Pfs230 and Pfs48/45 were detected in 20.7% (72/348) and 15.2% (53/348) of the samples, respectively, and were less prevalent than antibodies against asexual stage antigens MSP-119 (48.1%; 137/285) and AMA-1 (52.4%; 129/246)(p<0.001). The prevalence of anti-Pfs230 (p = 0.026) and anti-Pfs48/45 antibodies (p = 0.017) increased with longer duration of gametocyte exposure and had an estimated half-life of approximately 3 months. Membrane feeding experiments demonstrated a strong association between the prevalence and concentration of Pfs230 and Pfs48/45 antibodies and transmission reducing activity (TRA, p<0.01). Conclusions/Significance In a longitudinal study, anti-Pfs230 and Pf48/45 antibodies developed rapidly after exposure to gametocytes and were strongly associated with transmission-reducing activity. Our data indicate that the extent of antigen exposure is important in eliciting functional transmission-reducing immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teun Bousema
- Department of Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Joint Malaria Programme, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Will Roeffen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hinta Meijerink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Mwerinde
- TPC District Designated Hospital, Tanzania Plantation Company, Lower Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Steve Mwakalinga
- Joint Malaria Programme, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geert-Jan van Gemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Mosha
- Joint Malaria Programme, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Geoffrey Targett
- Department of Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M. Riley
- Department of Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Joint Malaria Programme, Moshi, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mirghani SE, Nour BYM, Bushra SM, Elhassan IM, Snow RW, Noor AM. The spatial-temporal clustering of Plasmodium falciparum infection over eleven years in Gezira State, The Sudan. Malar J 2010; 9:172. [PMID: 20565854 PMCID: PMC2903606 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria infection and disease exhibit microgeographic heterogeneity which if predictable could have implications for designing small-area intervention. Here, the space-time clustering of Plasmodium falciparum infections using data from repeat cross-sectional surveys in Gezira State, a low transmission area in northern Sudan, is investigated. Methods Data from cross-sectional surveys undertaken in January each year from 1999-2009 in 88 villages in the Gezira state were assembled. During each survey, about a 100 children between the ages two to ten years were sampled to examine the presence of P. falciparum parasites. In 2009, all the villages were mapped using global positioning systems. Cluster level data were analysed for spatial-only and space-time clustering using the Bernoulli model and the significance of clusters were tested using the Kulldorff scan statistic. Results Over the study period, 96,022 malaria slide examinations were undertaken and the P. falciparum prevalence was 8.6% in 1999 and by 2009 this had reduced to 1.6%. The cluster analysis showed the presence of one significant spatial-only cluster in each survey year and one significant space-time cluster over the whole study period. The primary spatial-only clusters in 10/11 years were either contained within or overlapped with the primary space-time cluster. Conclusion The results of the study confirm the generally low malaria transmission in the state of Gezira and the presence of spatial and space-time clusters concentrated around a specific area in the south of the state. Improved surveillance data that allows for the analysis of seasonality, age and other risk factors need to be collected to design effective small area interventions as Gezira state targets malaria elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia E Mirghani
- Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, KEMRI - University of Oxford - Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Giha HA, ElGhazali G, Nasr A, Iriemenam NC, Berzins K, Troye-Blomberg M, Theander TG, Arnot D. Clustering of malaria treatment failure (TF) in Daraweesh: hints for host genetic susceptibility to TF with emphasis on immune-modulating SNPs. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:481-6. [PMID: 20215002 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In malaria, drug resistance and treatment failure (TF) are not synonymous, although are escalating together. Over 9 years of surveillances for malaria morbidity and TF in Daraweesh village in eastern Sudan (1991-2004), 136 donors (15-78 years) from 43 households, treated for 278 malaria episodes and had experienced 46 incident of TF, were included in this study. Blood obtained from the donors in 2005, was used for measurement of IgG subclasses against Pf332-C231 antigen and GM/KM allotyping and for genotyping of the donors for; FcgammaRIIA 131 (HH, RH, RR), CRP 286 (C<T<A) and Hb AA/AS, polymorphisms. Results revealed that all treatment failures were experienced by 37 individual (TF-prone-individuals, TFPi), while the remaining donors were treated for 182 malaria episodes without TF (treatment responders, TR). In 7 households, all malaria patients were TFPi, while in 19 households all patients were TR. The TFPi compared with matched TR individuals (TRi), had significantly higher IgG1 levels (p=0.021), while IgG3/IgG1 ratio was significantly higher in the TRi (p=0.016). However, the frequencies of all tested polymorphisms (GM/KM, FcgammaRIIA 131, CRP 286 and Hb AA/AS), were comparable between the study groups. In conclusion, there was clustering of TF at level of individuals and households with differences in base-line immunity between the TFPi and TRi. Together, the results suggest an immune-mediated genetic susceptibility to TF, as some of the tested polymorphisms showed trends but no significant association with TF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A Giha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, PO Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|