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Brišar N, Šuster K, Brezar SK, Vidmar R, Fonović M, Cör A. An Engineered M13 Filamentous Nanoparticle as an Antigen Carrier for a Malignant Melanoma Immunotherapeutic Strategy. Viruses 2024; 16:232. [PMID: 38400008 PMCID: PMC10893169 DOI: 10.3390/v16020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, prokaryotic viruses, hold great potential in genetic engineering to open up new avenues for vaccine development. Our study aimed to establish engineered M13 bacteriophages expressing MAGE-A1 tumor peptides as a vaccine for melanoma treatment. Through in vivo experiments, we sought to assess their ability to induce robust immune responses. Using phage display technology, we engineered two M13 bacteriophages expressing MAGE-A1 peptides as fusion proteins with either pVIII or pIIII coat proteins. Mice were intraperitoneally vaccinated three times, two weeks apart, using two different engineered bacteriophages; control groups received a wild-type bacteriophage. Serum samples taken seven days after each vaccination were analyzed by ELISA assay, while splenocytes harvested seven days following the second boost were evaluated by ex vivo cytotoxicity assay. Fusion proteins were confirmed by Western blot and nano-LC-MS/MS. The application of bacteriophages was safe, with no adverse effects on mice. Engineered bacteriophages effectively triggered immune responses, leading to increased levels of anti-MAGE-A1 antibodies in proportion to the administered bacteriophage dosage. Anti-MAGE-A1 antibodies also exhibited a binding capability to B16F10 tumor cells in vitro, as opposed to control samples. Splenocytes demonstrated enhanced CTL cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells. We have demonstrated the immunogenic capabilities of engineered M13 bacteriophages, emphasizing their potential for melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuša Brišar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Šuster
- Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, 6280 Ankaran, Slovenia;
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Robert Vidmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Marko Fonović
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrej Cör
- Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, 6280 Ankaran, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Education, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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Mohammad Hasani S, Ghafouri E, Kouhpayeh S, Amerizadeh F, Rahimmanesh I, Amirkhani Z, Khanahmad H. Phage based vaccine: A novel strategy in prevention and treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19925. [PMID: 37809683 PMCID: PMC10559356 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The vaccine was first developed in 1796 by a British physician, Edward Jenner, against the smallpox virus. This invention revolutionized medical science and saved lives around the world. The production of effective vaccines requires dominant immune epitopes to elicit a robust immune response. Thus, applying bacteriophages has attracted the attention of many researchers because of their advantages in vaccine design and development. Bacteriophages are not infectious to humans and are unlikely to bind to cellular receptors and activate signaling pathways. Phages could activate both cellular and humoral immunity, which is another goal of an effective vaccine design. Also, phages act as an effective adjuvant, along with the antigens, and induce a robust immune response. Phage-based vaccines can also be administered orally because of their stability in the gastrointestinal tract, in contrast to common vaccination routes, which are intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular. This review presents the current improvements in phage-based vaccines and their applications as preventive or therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Mohammad Hasani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Ghafouri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Erythron Genetics and Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Forouzan Amerizadeh
- Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohre Amirkhani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Tan JS, Jaffar Ali MNB, Gan BK, Tan WS. Next-generation viral nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutics: Fundamentals, methods, biomedical applications, and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:955-978. [PMID: 37339432 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are virus-based nanocarriers that have been studied extensively and intensively for biomedical applications. However, their clinical translation is relatively low compared to the predominating lipid-based nanoparticles. Therefore, this article describes the fundamentals, challenges, and solutions of the VNP-based platform, which will leverage the development of next-generation VNPs. AREAS COVERED Different types of VNPs and their biomedical applications are reviewed comprehensively. Strategies and approaches for cargo loading and targeted delivery of VNPs are examined thoroughly. The latest developments in controlled release of cargoes from VNPs and their mechanisms are highlighted too. The challenges faced by VNPs in biomedical applications are identified, and solutions are provided to overcome them. EXPERT OPINION In the development of next-generation VNPs for gene therapy, bioimaging and therapeutic deliveries, focus must be given to reduce their immunogenicity, and increase their stability in the circulatory system. Modular virus-like particles (VLPs) which are produced separately from their cargoes or ligands before all the components are coupled can speed up clinical trials and commercialization. In addition, removal of contaminants from VNPs, cargo delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB), and targeting of VNPs to organelles intracellularly are challenges that will preoccupy researchers in this decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sen Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Norizwan Bin Jaffar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Gan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang L, Shi Y, Jiang J, Li C, Zhang H, Zhang X, Jiang T, Wang L, Wang Y, Feng L. Micro-Nanocarriers Based Drug Delivery Technology for Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing and Brain Tumor Targeting Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203678. [PMID: 36103614 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The greatest obstacle to using drugs to treat brain tumors is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making it difficult for conventional drug molecules to enter the brain. Therefore, how to safely and effectively penetrate the BBB to achieve targeted drug delivery to brain tumors has been a challenging research problem. With the intensive research in micro- and nanotechnology in recent years, nano drug-targeted delivery technologies have shown great potential to overcome this challenge, such as inorganic nanocarriers, organic polymer-carriers, liposomes, and biobased carriers, which can be designed in different sizes, shapes, and surface functional groups to enhance their ability to penetrate the BBB and targeted drug delivery for brain tumors. In this review, the composition and overcoming patterns of the BBB are detailed, and then the hot research topics of drug delivery carriers for brain tumors in recent years are summarized, and their mechanisms of action on the BBB and the factors affecting drug delivery are described in detail, and the effectiveness of targeted therapy for brain tumors is evaluated. Finally, the challenges and dilemmas in developing brain tumor drug delivery systems are discussed, which will be promising in the future for targeted drug delivery to brain tumors based on micro-nanocarriers technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Youyuan Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingzhen Jiang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hengrui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Manivannan AC, Dhandapani R, Velmurugan P, Thangavelu S, Paramasivam R, Ragunathan L, Saravanan M. Phage in cancer treatment - Biology of therapeutic phage and screening of tumor targeting peptide. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:873-882. [PMID: 35748094 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2094363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a constant drive to improve disease treatments. Much effort has been directed at identifying less immunogenic anti-cancer agents that produce fewer and less severe side effects. For more than a decade, bacteriophages have been discussed as an effective treatment for cancer with an exact mode of delivery. AREAS COVERED We review how bacteriophages are used in cancer treatment, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms, and the tumour attacking peptide screening process. The filamentous bacteriophages are an effective vehicle for delivering displayed peptides toward the tumour target. The peptide must be expressed at the appropriate coat protein, and the peptide must be effective enough to disrupt the complex cancer matrix. The present review also sheds light on the dynamic use of phage in cancer treatment, from detection and diagnostics to treatment. EXPERT OPINION Phage has a versatile role as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. By acting as an appropriate recombinant drug, this phage has every potential to replace existing laborious, high capital investing therapies that may at many times result in failure or drastic side effects. One of the most significant challenges would be identifying tumour homing peptides. Although a few have been discovered, the most effective ones are yet to be determined. This therapeutic method plays a significant role in tumour therapy with high accuracy and efficiency, irrespective of the target location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Chandra Manivannan
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjithkumar Dhandapani
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.,Chimertech Private Limited, Chennai- 600082, India
| | - Palanivel Velmurugan
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathiamoorthi Thangavelu
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ragul Paramasivam
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Latha Ragunathan
- Department of Microbiology, Aarupadi Veedu Medical College, Puducherry 607402, India
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, Tamilnadu, India
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Davenport BJ, Catala A, Weston SM, Johnson RM, Ardanuy J, Hammond HL, Dillen C, Frieman MB, Catalano CE, Morrison TE. Phage-like particle vaccines are highly immunogenic and protect against pathogenic coronavirus infection and disease. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:57. [PMID: 35618725 PMCID: PMC9135756 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The response by vaccine developers to the COVID-19 pandemic has been extraordinary with effective vaccines authorized for emergency use in the United States within 1 year of the appearance of the first COVID-19 cases. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and obstacles with the global rollout of new vaccines highlight the need for platforms that are amenable to rapid tuning and stable formulation to facilitate the logistics of vaccine delivery worldwide. We developed a "designer nanoparticle" platform using phage-like particles (PLPs) derived from bacteriophage lambda for a multivalent display of antigens in rigorously defined ratios. Here, we engineered PLPs that display the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein from SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, alone (RBDSARS-PLPs and RBDMERS-PLPs) and in combination (hCoV-RBD PLPs). Functionalized particles possess physiochemical properties compatible with pharmaceutical standards and retain antigenicity. Following primary immunization, BALB/c mice immunized with RBDSARS- or RBDMERS-PLPs display serum RBD-specific IgG endpoint and live virus neutralization titers that, in the case of SARS-CoV-2, were comparable to those detected in convalescent plasma from infected patients. Further, these antibody levels remain elevated up to 6 months post-prime. In dose-response studies, immunization with as little as one microgram of RBDSARS-PLPs elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses. Finally, animals immunized with RBDSARS-PLPs, RBDMERS-PLPs, and hCoV-RBD PLPs were protected against SARS-CoV-2 and/or MERS-CoV lung infection and disease. Collectively, these data suggest that the designer PLP system provides a platform for facile and rapid generation of single and multi-target vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J Davenport
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexis Catala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stuart M Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Ardanuy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly L Hammond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carly Dillen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos E Catalano
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Volovat SR, Ursulescu CL, Moisii LG, Volovat C, Boboc D, Scripcariu D, Amurariti F, Stefanescu C, Stolniceanu CR, Agop M, Lungulescu C, Volovat CC. The Landscape of Nanovectors for Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:397. [PMID: 35214129 PMCID: PMC8875018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer, which functions via the reprogramming and activation of antitumor immunity. However, adverse events resulting from immunotherapy that are related to the low specificity of tumor cell-targeting represent a limitation of immunotherapy's efficacy. The potential of nanotechnologies is represented by the possibilities of immunotherapeutical agents being carried by nanoparticles with various material types, shapes, sizes, coated ligands, associated loading methods, hydrophilicities, elasticities, and biocompatibilities. In this review, the principal types of nanovectors (nanopharmaceutics and bioinspired nanoparticles) are summarized along with the shortcomings in nanoparticle delivery and the main factors that modulate efficacy (the EPR effect, protein coronas, and microbiota). The mechanisms by which nanovectors can target cancer cells, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and the peripheral immune system are also presented. A possible mathematical model for the cellular communication mechanisms related to exosomes as nanocarriers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (S.-R.V.); (D.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Corina Lupascu Ursulescu
- Department of Radiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (C.L.U.); (L.G.M.); (C.C.V.)
| | - Liliana Gheorghe Moisii
- Department of Radiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (C.L.U.); (L.G.M.); (C.C.V.)
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (S.-R.V.); (D.B.); (F.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, “Euroclinic” Center of Oncology, 2 Vasile Conta Str., 700106 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Diana Boboc
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (S.-R.V.); (D.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Dragos Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Florin Amurariti
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (S.-R.V.); (D.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (C.S.); (C.R.S.)
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (C.S.); (C.R.S.)
| | - Maricel Agop
- Physics Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Rd., No. 59A, 700050 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Cristian Lungulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Cristian Constantin Volovat
- Department of Radiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (C.L.U.); (L.G.M.); (C.C.V.)
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Wang HY, Chang YC, Hu CW, Kao CY, Yu YA, Lim SK, Mou KY. Development of a Novel Cytokine Vehicle Using Filamentous Phage Display for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2087-2095. [PMID: 34342970 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to its highly immunogenic nature and the great engineerability, filamentous phage has shown promising antitumor activities in preclinical studies. Previous designs of antitumor phage mainly focused on tumor targeting using a cancer-specific moiety displayed on the minor capsid protein, pIII. In this work, we developed a new therapeutic platform of filamentous phage, in which the major capsid protein pVIII was utilized for displaying an antitumor cytokine. We showcased that a 16.1-kD cytokine GM-CSF could be efficiently presented on the M13 phage particle using the 8 + 8 type display system through a highly tolerable pVIII variant P8(1a). We verified that the GM-CSF phage was a potent activator for STAT5 signaling in murine macrophage. The GM-CSF phage significantly reduced the tumor size by more than 50% as compared to the unmodified phage in a murine colorectal cancer model. Immunological profiling of the tumor-infiltrating leukocytes revealed that an increase of CD4+ lymphocytes in the GM-CSF phage treatment group. Furthermore, the combined therapy of the GM-CSF phage and radiation greatly improved the therapeutic potency with a 100% survival rate and a 25% complete remission rate. We observed that the IFN-γ expression was dramatically up-regulated by the combined therapy in multiple types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Overall, we created a novel vehicle for cytokine therapy using the pVIII filamentous phage display. This new platform can be multiplexed with other phage engineering approaches, such as displaying targeting ligands on pIII or encapsulating therapeutic genes inside phage capsids, to create multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - You-Chiun Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yao-An Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - See-Khai Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Yun Mou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Bacteriophages as Therapeutic and Diagnostic Vehicles in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020161. [PMID: 33671476 PMCID: PMC7923149 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of nanomedicine is the re-design of synthetic and biological carriers to implement novel theranostic platforms. In recent years, bacteriophage research favors this process, which has opened up new roads in drug and gene delivery studies. By displaying antibodies, peptides, or proteins on the surface of different bacteriophages through the phage display technique, it is now possible to unravel specific molecular determinants of both cancer cells and tumor-associated microenvironmental molecules. Downstream applications are manifold, with peptides being employed most of the times to functionalize drug carriers and improve their therapeutic index. Bacteriophages themselves were proven, in this scenario, to be good carriers for imaging molecules and therapeutics as well. Moreover, manipulation of their genetic material to stably vehiculate suicide genes within cancer cells substantially changed perspectives in gene therapy. In this review, we provide examples of how amenable phages can be used as anticancer agents, especially because their systemic administration is possible. We also provide some insights into how their immunogenic profile can be modulated and exploited in immuno-oncology for vaccine production.
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González-Mora A, Hernández-Pérez J, Iqbal HMN, Rito-Palomares M, Benavides J. Bacteriophage-Based Vaccines: A Potent Approach for Antigen Delivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030504. [PMID: 32899720 PMCID: PMC7565293 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are considered one of the most important bioproducts in medicine. Since the development of the smallpox vaccine in 1796, several types of vaccines for many diseases have been created. However, some vaccines have shown limitations as high cost and low immune responses. In that regard, bacteriophages have been proposed as an attractive alternative for the development of more cost-effective vaccines. Phage-displayed vaccines consists in the expression of antigens on the phage surface. This approach takes advantage of inherent properties of these particles such as their adjuvant capacity, economic production and high stability, among others. To date, three types of phage-based vaccines have been developed: phage-displayed, phage DNA and hybrid phage-DNA vaccines. Typically, phage display technology has been used for the identification of new and protective epitopes, mimotopes and antigens. In this context, phage particles represent a versatile, effective and promising alternative for the development of more effective vaccine delivery systems which should be highly exploited in the future. This review describes current advances in the development of bacteriophage-based vaccines, with special attention to vaccine delivery strategies. Moreover, the immunological aspects of phage-based vaccines, as well as the applications of phage display for vaccine development, are explored. Finally, important challenges and the future of phage-bases vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro González-Mora
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico; (A.G.-M.); (J.H.-P.); (H.M.N.I.)
| | - Jesús Hernández-Pérez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico; (A.G.-M.); (J.H.-P.); (H.M.N.I.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico; (A.G.-M.); (J.H.-P.); (H.M.N.I.)
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000 Pte, Monterrey, N.L. 64710, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Benavides
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico; (A.G.-M.); (J.H.-P.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(81)-8358-2000 (ext. 4821)
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Zahirović A, Luzar J, Molek P, Kruljec N, Lunder M. Bee Venom Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Directions. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:326-341. [PMID: 31240545 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bee venom immunotherapy is the main treatment option for bee sting allergy. Its major limitations are the high percentage of allergic side effects and long duration, which are driving the development of novel therapeutic modalities. Three general approaches have been evaluated including the use of hypoallergenic allergen derivatives, adjunctive therapy, and alternative delivery routes. This article reviews preclinical and clinical evidence on the therapeutic potential of these new therapies. Among hypoallergenic derivatives, hybrid allergens showed a markedly reduced IgE reactivity in mouse models. Whether they will offer therapeutic benefit over extract, it is still not known since clinical trials have not been carried out yet. T cell epitope peptides have proven effective in small clinical trials. Major histocompatibility complex class II restriction was circumvented by using long overlapping or promiscuous T cell epitope peptides. However, the T cell-mediated late-phase adverse events have been reported with both short and longer peptides. Application of mimotopes could potentially overcome both T cell- and IgE-mediated adverse events. During this evolution of vaccine, there has been a gain in safety. The efficacy was further improved with the use of Toll-like receptor-activating adjuvants and delivery systems. In murine models, the association of allergen Api m 1 with cytosine-guanosine rich oligonucleotides stimulated strong T-helper type-1 response, whereas its encapsulation into microbubbles protected mice against allergen challenge. An intralymphatic administration of low-dose vaccine has shown the potential to decrease treatment from 5 years to only 12 weeks. Bigger clinical trials are needed to follow up on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Zahirović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jernej Luzar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Molek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kruljec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Lunder
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Phage Display-Based Nanotechnology Applications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040843. [PMID: 32075083 PMCID: PMC7071019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display is a nanotechnology with limitless potential, first developed in 1985 and still awaiting to reach its peak. Awarded in 2018 with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the method allows the isolation of high-affinity ligands for diverse substrates, ranging from recombinant proteins to cells, organs, even whole organisms. Personalized therapeutic approaches, particularly in oncology, depend on the identification of new, unique, and functional targets that phage display, through its various declinations, can certainly provide. A fast-evolving branch in cancer research, immunotherapy is now experiencing a second youth after being overlooked for years; indeed, many reports support the concept of immunotherapy as the only non-surgical cure for cancer, at least in some settings. In this review, we describe literature reports on the application of peptide phage display to cancer immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss three main outcomes of this procedure: (i) phage display-derived peptides that mimic cancer antigens (mimotopes) and (ii) antigen-carrying phage particles, both as prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccines, and (iii) phage display-derived peptides as small-molecule effectors of immune cell functions. Preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy and vast potential of these nanosized tools, and their clinical application is on the way.
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13
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Wang Y, Gao S, Lv J, Lin Y, Zhou L, Han L. Phage Display Technology and its Applications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:229-235. [PMID: 30370861 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181029140814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:Phage display is an effective technology for generation and selection targeting protein for a variety of purpose, which is based on a direct linkage between the displayed protein and the DNA sequence encoding it and utilized in selecting peptides, improving peptides affinity and indicating protein-protein interactions. Phage particles displaying peptide have the potential to apply in the identification of cell-specific targeting molecules, identification of cancer cell surface biomarkers, identification anti-cancer peptide, and the design of peptide-based anticancer therapy.Method/Results:Literature searches, reviews and assessments about Phage were performed in this review from PubMed and Medline databases.Conclusion:The phage display technology is an inexpensive method for expressing exogenous peptides, generating unique peptides that bind any given target and investigating protein-protein interactions. Due to the powerful ability to insert exogenous gene and display exogenous peptides on the surface, phages may represent a powerful peptide delivery system that can be utilized to develop rapid, efficient, safe and inexpensive cancer therapy methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuohui Gao
- Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayin Lv
- Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liying Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Li J, Yang L, Wang J, Yang Y, Wu Y, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Ma D, Zhang R, Huang N, Li W, Liu G, Zhu R. Alternaria B Cell Mimotope Immunotherapy Alleviates Allergic Responses in a Mouse Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:31-38. [PMID: 31092638 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternaria is a major outdoor allergen. Immunotherapy with Alternaria extracts has been documented to be effective in the sensitized patients. However, Alternaria extracts are notoriously difficult to standardize. Our aim is to screen the B cell mimotopes of Alternaria and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of B cell mimotope peptides on a BALB/c mouse model of Alternaria allergy. After a human sera pool from Alternaria monosensitized patients was established, B cell mimotopes were screened by a phage-displayed random heptamer peptide library that was identified via mixed Alternaria-specific IgE in the sera pool. B cell mimotopes with phage as a carrier were used to perform immunotherapy in an Alternaria allergy mouse model. Serological Ab levels, lung histology, and cytokine profiles were compared in the mimotope immunotherapy group, natural extract immunotherapy group, irrelevant phage control group, Alternaria-sensitized model group, and saline-blank group. Two mimotopes (MISTSRK and QKRNTIT) presented high binding ability with the sera of the Alternaria-allergic patients and mice and, therefore, were selected for immunotherapy in the mouse model. Compared with irrelevant phage control, model, and natural extract immunotherapy group, mimotope immunotherapy group significantly reduced serum IgE levels, inflammatory cells infiltration in the lung tissue, and IL-4 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas serum IgG1 and IFN-γ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased. Our results indicate that B cell mimotopes of Alternaria alleviates allergic response in a mouse model and have potential as novel therapeutic agents for IgE-mediated Alternaria-allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yongshi Yang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Rongfei Zhu
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
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Zahirović A, Lunder M. Microbial Delivery Vehicles for Allergens and Allergen-Derived Peptides in Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1449. [PMID: 30013543 PMCID: PMC6036130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy represents the only available curative approach to allergic diseases. The treatment has proven effective, but it requires repetitive administrations of allergen extracts over 3-5 years and is often associated with adverse events. This implies the need for novel therapeutic strategies with reduced side effects and decreased treatment time, which would improve patients' compliance. Development of vaccines that are molecularly well defined and have improved safety profile in comparison to whole allergen extracts represents a promising approach. Molecular allergy vaccines are based on major allergen proteins or allergen-derived peptides. Often, such vaccines are associated with lower immunogenicity and stability and therefore require an appropriate delivery vehicle. In this respect, viruses, bacteria, and their protein components have been intensively studied for their adjuvant capacity. This article provides an overview of the microbial delivery vehicles that have been tested for use in allergy immunotherapy. We review in vitro and in vivo data on the immunomodulatory capacity of different microbial vehicles for allergens and allergen-derived peptides and evaluate their potential in development of allergy vaccines. We also discuss relevant aspects and challenges concerning the use of microbes and their components in immunotherapy of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Zahirović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Lunder
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Function of the RNA Coliphage Qβ Proteins in Medical In Vitro Evolution. Methods Protoc 2018; 1:mps1020018. [PMID: 31164561 PMCID: PMC6526423 DOI: 10.3390/mps1020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Qβ is a positive (+) single-stranded RNA bacteriophage covered by a 25 nm icosahedral shell. Qβ belongs to the family of Leviviridae and is found throughout the world (bacterial isolates and sewage). The genome of Qβ is about 4.2 kb, coding for four proteins. This genome is surrounded by 180 copies of coat proteins (capsomers) each comprised of 132 residues of amino acids. The other proteins, the subunit II (β) of a replicase, the maturation protein (A2) and the read-through or minor coat protein (A1), play a key role in phage infection. With the replicase protein, which lacks proofreading activity, as well as its short replication time, and high population size, Qβ phage has attractive features for in vitro evolution. The A1 protein gene shares the same initiation codon with the coat protein gene and is produced during translation when the coat protein’s UGA stop codon triplet (about 400 nucleotides from the initiation) is suppressed by a low level of ribosome misincorporation of tryptophan. Thus, A1 is termed the read-through protein. This RNA phage platform technology not only serves to display foreign peptides but is also exceptionally suited to address questions about in vitro evolution. The C-terminus of A1 protein confers to this RNA phage platform an exceptional feature of not only a linker for foreign peptide to be displayed also a model for evolution. This platform was used to present a peptide library of the G-H loop of the capsid region P1 of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) called VP1 protein. The library was exposed on the exterior surface of Qβ phages, evolved and selected with the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) SD6 of the FMDV. These hybrid phages could principally be good candidates for FMDV vaccine development. Separately, the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epitopes was fused with the A1 proteins and exposed on the Qβ phage exterior surface. The engineered phages with MPER epitopes were recognized by anti-MPER specific antibodies. This system could be used to overcome the challenge of effective presentation of MPER to the immune system. A key portion of this linear epitope could be randomized and evolved with the Qβ system. Overall, antigens and epitopes of RNA viruses relevant to public health can be randomized, evolved and selected in pools using the proposed Qβ model to overcome their plasticity and the challenge of vaccine development. Major epitopes of a particular virus can be engineered or displayed on the Qβ phage surface and used for vaccine efficacy evaluation, thus avoiding the use of live viruses.
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17
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Barati N, Razazan A, Nicastro J, Slavcev R, Arab A, Mosaffa F, Nikpoor AR, Badiee A, Jaafari MR, Behravan J. Immunogenicity and antitumor activity of the superlytic λF7 phage nanoparticles displaying a HER2/neu-derived peptide AE37 in a tumor model of BALB/c mice. Cancer Lett 2018; 424:109-116. [PMID: 29580807 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phage display technique has been increasingly researched for vaccine design and delivery strategies in recent years. In this study, the AE37 (Ii-Key/HER-2/neu 776-790) peptide derived from HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor protein) was used as a fused peptide to the lambda phage (λF7) coat protein gpD, and the phage nanoparticles were used to induce antitumor immunogenicity in a TUBO model of breast cancer in mice. Mice were immunized with the AE37 peptide displaying phage, λF7 (gpD::AE37) every 2-week intervals over 6-weeks, then the generated immune responses were evaluated. An induction of CTL immune response by the λF7 (gpD::AE37) construct compared to the control λF7 and buffer groups was observed in vitro. Moreover, in the in vivo studies, the vaccine candidate showed promising prophylactic and therapeutic effects against the HER2 overexpressing cancer in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Barati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Razazan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jessica Nicastro
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Roderick Slavcev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada; Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc., 661 University Avenue, Suite 1300, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, M5G0B7, Canada
| | - Atefeh Arab
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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18
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Samoylova TI, Braden TD, Spencer JA, Bartol FF. Immunocontraception: Filamentous Bacteriophage as a Platform for Vaccine Development. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:3907-3920. [PMID: 28901276 PMCID: PMC5738698 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170911160426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population control of domestic, wild, invasive, and captive animal species is a global issue of importance to public health, animal welfare and the economy. There is pressing need for effective, safe, and inexpensive contraceptive technologies to address this problem. Contraceptive vaccines, designed to stimulate the immune system in order to block critical reproductive events and suppress fertility, may provide a solution. Filamentous bacteriophages can be used as platforms for development of such vaccines. OBJECTIVE In this review authors highlight structural and immunogenic properties of filamentous phages, and discuss applications of phage-peptide vaccines for advancement of immunocontraception technology in animals. RESULTS Phages can be engineered to display fusion (non-phage) peptides as coat proteins. Such modifications can be accomplished via genetic manipulation of phage DNA, or by chemical conjugation of synthetic peptides to phage surface proteins. Phage fusions with antigenic determinants induce humoral as well as cell-mediated immune responses in animals, making them attractive as vaccines. Additional advantages of the phage platform include environmental stability, low cost, and safety for immunized animals and those administering the vaccines. CONCLUSION Filamentous phages are viable platforms for vaccine development that can be engineered with molecular and organismal specificity. Phage-based vaccines can be produced in abundance at low cost, are environmentally stable, and are immunogenic when administered via multiple routes. These features are essential for a contraceptive vaccine to be operationally practical in animal applications. Adaptability of the phage platform also makes it attractive for design of human immunocontraceptive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Samoylova
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy D Braden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jennifer A Spencer
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Frank F Bartol
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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19
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Karimi M, Mirshekari H, Moosavi Basri SM, Bahrami S, Moghoofei M, Hamblin MR. Bacteriophages and phage-inspired nanocarriers for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargos. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:45-62. [PMID: 26994592 PMCID: PMC5026880 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of drug delivery systems is to target therapeutic cargoes to desired cells and to ensure their efficient uptake. Recently a number of studies have focused on designing bio-inspired nanocarriers, such as bacteriophages, and synthetic carriers based on the bacteriophage structure. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically recognize their bacterial hosts. They can replicate only inside their host cell and can act as natural gene carriers. Each type of phage has a particular shape, a different capacity for loading cargo, a specific production time, and their own mechanisms of supramolecular assembly, that have enabled them to act as tunable carriers. New phage-based technologies have led to the construction of different peptide libraries, and recognition abilities provided by novel targeting ligands. Phage hybridization with non-organic compounds introduces new properties to phages and could be a suitable strategy for construction of bio-inorganic carriers. In this review we try to cover the major phage species that have been used in drug and gene delivery systems, and the biological application of phages as novel targeting ligands and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirshekari
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group [ANNRG], Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Moosavi Basri
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Bahrami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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20
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Jafari N, Abediankenari S. Phage Particles as Vaccine Delivery Vehicles: Concepts, Applications and Prospects. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8019-29. [PMID: 26745034 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new strategies for vaccine delivery for generating protective and long-lasting immune responses has become an expanding field of research. In the last years, it has been recognized that bacteriophages have several potential applications in the biotechnology and medical fields because of their intrinsic advantages, such as ease of manipulation and large-scale production. Over the past two decades, bacteriophages have gained special attention as vehicles for protein/peptide or DNA vaccine delivery. In fact, whole phage particles are used as vaccine delivery vehicles to achieve the aim of enhanced immunization. In this strategy, the carried vaccine is protected from environmental damage by phage particles. In this review, phage-based vaccine categories and their development are presented in detail, with discussion of the potential of phage-based vaccines for protection against microbial diseases and cancer treatment. Also reviewed are some recent advances in the field of phage- based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran E-mail :
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21
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Aghebati-Maleki L, Bakhshinejad B, Baradaran B, Motallebnezhad M, Aghebati-Maleki A, Nickho H, Yousefi M, Majidi J. Phage display as a promising approach for vaccine development. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:66. [PMID: 27680328 PMCID: PMC5041315 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are specific antagonists to bacterial hosts. These viral entities have attracted growing interest as optimal vaccine delivery vehicles. Phages are well-matched for vaccine design due to being highly stable under harsh environmental conditions, simple and inexpensive large scale production, and potent adjuvant capacities. Phage vaccines have efficient immunostimulatory effects and present a high safety profile because these viruses have made a constant relationship with the mammalian body during a long-standing evolutionary period. The birth of phage display technology has been a turning point in the development of phage-based vaccines. Phage display vaccines are made by expressing multiple copies of an antigen on the surface of immunogenic phage particles, thereby eliciting a powerful and effective immune response. Also, the ability to produce combinatorial peptide libraries with a highly diverse pool of randomized ligands has transformed phage display into a straightforward, versatile and high throughput screening methodology for the identification of potential vaccine candidates against different diseases in particular microbial infections. These libraries can be conveniently screened through an affinity selection-based strategy called biopanning against a wide variety of targets for the selection of mimotopes with high antigenicity and immunogenicity. Also, they can be panned against the antiserum of convalescent individuals to recognize novel peptidomimetics of pathogen-related epitopes. Phage display has represented enormous promise for finding new strategies of vaccine discovery and production and current breakthroughs promise a brilliant future for the development of different phage-based vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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22
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Henry KA, Arbabi-Ghahroudi M, Scott JK. Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:755. [PMID: 26300850 PMCID: PMC4523942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 25 years, phage display technology has been an invaluable tool for studies of protein-protein interactions. However, the inherent biological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of filamentous bacteriophage, as well as the ease of its genetic manipulation, also make it an attractive platform outside the traditional phage display canon. This review will focus on the unique properties of the filamentous bacteriophage and highlight its diverse applications in current research. Particular emphases are placed on: (i) the advantages of the phage as a vaccine carrier, including its high immunogenicity, relative antigenic simplicity and ability to activate a range of immune responses, (ii) the phage's potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for infectious and chronic diseases, (iii) the regularity of the virion major coat protein lattice, which enables a variety of bioconjugation and surface chemistry applications, particularly in nanomaterials, and (iv) the phage's large population sizes and fast generation times, which make it an excellent model system for directed protein evolution. Despite their ubiquity in the biosphere, metagenomics work is just beginning to explore the ecology of filamentous and non-filamentous phage, and their role in the evolution of bacterial populations. Thus, the filamentous phage represents a robust, inexpensive, and versatile microorganism whose bioengineering applications continue to expand in new directions, although its limitations in some spheres impose obstacles to its widespread adoption and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Henry
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, OttawaON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Arbabi-Ghahroudi
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, OttawaON, Canada
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, OttawaON, Canada
| | - Jamie K. Scott
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCCanada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BurnabyBC, Canada
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Protection against Influenza A Virus Challenge with M2e-Displaying Filamentous Escherichia coli Phages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126650. [PMID: 25973787 PMCID: PMC4431709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human influenza viruses are responsible for annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that cause severe illness and mortality in all age groups worldwide. Matrix protein 2 (M2) of influenza A virus is a tetrameric type III membrane protein that functions as a proton-selective channel. The extracellular domain of M2 (M2e) is conserved in human and avian influenza A viruses and is being pursued as a component for a universal influenza A vaccine. To develop a M2e vaccine that is economical and easy to purify, we genetically fused M2e amino acids 2-16 to the N-terminus of pVIII, the major coat protein of filamentous bacteriophage f88. We show that the resulting recombinant f88-M2e2-16 phages are replication competent and display the introduced part of M2e on the phage surface. Immunization of mice with purified f88-M2e2-16 phages in the presence of incomplete Freund's adjuvant, induced robust M2e-specific serum IgG and protected BALB/c mice against challenge with human and avian influenza A viruses. Thus, replication competent filamentous bacteriophages can be used as efficient and economical carriers to display conserved B cell epitopes of influenza A.
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Sartorius R, D'Apice L, Trovato M, Cuccaro F, Costa V, De Leo MG, Marzullo VM, Biondo C, D'Auria S, De Matteis MA, Ciccodicola A, De Berardinis P. Antigen delivery by filamentous bacteriophage fd displaying an anti-DEC-205 single-chain variable fragment confers adjuvanticity by triggering a TLR9-mediated immune response. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:973-88. [PMID: 25888235 PMCID: PMC4520660 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous bacteriophage fd particles delivering antigenic determinants via DEC-205 (fdsc-αDEC) represent a powerful delivery system that induces CD8+ T-cell responses even when administered in the absence of adjuvants or maturation stimuli for dendritic cells. In order to investigate the mechanisms of this activity, RNA-Sequencing of fd-pulsed dendritic cells was performed. A significant differential expression of genes involved in innate immunity, co-stimulation and cytokine production was observed. In agreement with these findings, we demonstrate that induction of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon by fdsc-αDEC was MYD88 mediated and TLR9 dependent. We also found that fdsc-αDEC is delivered into LAMP-1-positive compartments and co-localizes with TLR9. Thus, phage particles containing a single-strand DNA genome rich in CpG motifs delivered via DEC-205 are able to intercept and trigger the active TLR9 innate immune receptor into late endosome/lysosomes and to enhance the immunogenicity of the displayed antigenic determinants. These findings make fd bacteriophage a valuable tool for immunization without administering exogenous adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana D'Apice
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Trovato
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Fausta Cuccaro
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Manuel Marzullo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Carmelo Biondo
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sabato D'Auria
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Ciccodicola
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy Department of Science and Technology, University Parthenope of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Mai-Prochnow A, Hui JGK, Kjelleberg S, Rakonjac J, McDougald D, Rice SA. 'Big things in small packages: the genetics of filamentous phage and effects on fitness of their host'. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:465-87. [PMID: 25670735 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuu007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review synthesizes recent and past observations on filamentous phages and describes how these phages contribute to host phentoypes. For example, the CTXφ phage of Vibrio cholerae encodes the cholera toxin genes, responsible for causing the epidemic disease, cholera. The CTXφ phage can transduce non-toxigenic strains, converting them into toxigenic strains, contributing to the emergence of new pathogenic strains. Other effects of filamentous phage include horizontal gene transfer, biofilm development, motility, metal resistance and the formation of host morphotypic variants, important for the biofilm stress resistance. These phages infect a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, including deep-sea, pressure-adapted bacteria. Many filamentous phages integrate into the host genome as prophage. In some cases, filamentous phages encode their own integrase genes to facilitate this process, while others rely on host-encoded genes. These differences are mediated by different sets of 'core' and 'accessory' genes, with the latter group accounting for some of the mechanisms that alter the host behaviours in unique ways. It is increasingly clear that despite their relatively small genomes, these phages exert signficant influence on their hosts and ultimately alter the fitness and other behaviours of their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mai-Prochnow
- The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Janice Gee Kay Hui
- The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia The Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Jasna Rakonjac
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Diane McDougald
- The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia The Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Scott A Rice
- The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia The Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
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Overview of computational vaccinology: vaccine development through information technology. J Appl Genet 2014; 56:381-91. [PMID: 25534541 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-014-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic organisms, causes of various infectious diseases, possess a rich repository of antigenic proteins that engender an immune response in a host. These types of diseases are usually treated with the use of pharmaceuticals; unfortunately, many of these also have a potential to induce fatal side effects, especially allergic responses in the diseased host. In addition, many pathogens evolve (by selective survival) single or multi-drug resistance (MDR). Therefore, a means to prevent the host from becoming susceptible to the pathogen from the onset, rather than trying to devise pharmacologic protocols to treat an ongoing infection, are increasingly seen as desirable to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases altogether. To this end, cost-effective development and use of "safe" vaccines is key. This paper provides an overview on the new and expanding area of computational vaccinology and a brief background on pathogen antigenicity, identification of pathogen-specific antigens, and screening of candidate antigens using various tools and databases developed in the recent past.
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Tan WS, Ho KL. Phage display creates innovative applications to combat hepatitis B virus. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11650-11670. [PMID: 25206271 PMCID: PMC4155357 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has killed countless lives in human history. The invention of HBV vaccines in the 20th century has reduced significantly the rate of the viral infection. However, currently there is no effective treatment for chronic HBV carriers. Newly emerging vaccine escape mutants and drug resistant strains have complicated the viral eradication program. The entire world is now facing a new threat of HBV and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. Could phage display provide solutions to these life-threatening problems? This article reviews critically and comprehensively the innovative and potential applications of phage display in the development of vaccines, therapeutic agents, diagnostic reagents, as well as gene and drug delivery systems to combat HBV. The application of phage display in epitope mapping of HBV antigens is also discussed in detail. Although this review mainly focuses on HBV, the innovative applications of phage display could also be extended to other infectious diseases.
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Roehnisch T, Then C, Nagel W, Blumenthal C, Braciak T, Donzeau M, Böhm T, Flaig M, Bourquin C, Oduncu FS. Phage idiotype vaccination: first phase I/II clinical trial in patients with multiple myeloma. J Transl Med 2014; 12:119. [PMID: 24885819 PMCID: PMC4113220 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma is characterized by clonal expansion of B cells producing monoclonal immunoglobulins or fragments thereof, which can be detected in the serum and/or urine and are ideal target antigens for patient-specific immunotherapies. Methods Using phage particles as immunological carriers, we employed a novel chemically linked idiotype vaccine in a clinical phase I/II trial including 15 patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Vaccines composed of purified paraproteins linked to phage were manufactured successfully for each patient. Patients received six intradermal immunizations with phage idiotype vaccines in three different dose groups. Results Phage idiotype was well tolerated by all study participants. A subset of patients (80% in the middle dose group) displayed a clinical response indicated by decrease or stabilization of paraprotein levels. Patients exhibiting a clinical response to phage vaccines also raised idiotype-specific immunoglobulins. Induction of a cellular immune response was demonstrated by a cytotoxicity assay and delayed type hypersensitivity tests. Conclusion We present a simple, time- and cost-efficient phage idiotype vaccination strategy, which represents a safe and feasible patient-specific therapy for patients with advanced multiple myeloma and produced promising anti-tumor activity in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fuat S Oduncu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Roehnisch T, Then C, Nagel W, Blumenthal C, Braciak T, Donzeau M, Böhm T, Bourquin C, Oduncu F. Chemically linked phage idiotype vaccination in the murine B cell lymphoma 1 model. J Transl Med 2013; 11:267. [PMID: 24152874 PMCID: PMC3819179 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cell malignancies are characterized by clonal expansion of B cells expressing tumor-specific idiotypes on their surface. These idiotypes are ideal target antigens for an individualized immunotherapy. However, previous idiotype vaccines mostly lacked efficiency due to a low immunogenicity of the idiotype. The objective of the present study was the determination of the feasibility, safety and immunogenicity of a novel chemically linked phage idiotype vaccine. Methods In the murine B cell lymphoma 1 model, tumor idiotypes were chemically linked to phage particles used as immunological carriers. For comparison, the idiotype was genetically expressed on the major phage coat protein g8 or linked to keyhole limpet hemocynanin. After intradermal immunizations with idiotype vaccines, tolerability and humoral immune responses were assessed. Results Feasibility and tolerability of the chemically linked phage idiotype vaccine was demonstrated. Vaccination with B cell lymphoma 1 idiotype expressing phage resulted in a significant survival benefit in the murine B cell lymphoma 1 protection model (60.2 ± 23.8 days vs. 41.8 ± 1.6 days and 39.8 ± 3.8 days after vaccination with wild type phage or phosphate buffered saline, respectively). Superior immunogenicity of the chemically linked phage idiotype vaccine compared to the genetically engineered phage idiotype and keyhole limpet hemocynanin-coupled idiotype vaccine was demonstrated by significantly higher B cell lymphoma 1 idiotype-specific IgG levels after vaccination with chemically linked phage idiotype. Conclusion We present a novel, simple, time- and cost-efficient phage idiotype vaccination strategy, which represents a safe and feasible therapy and may produce a superior immune response compared to previously employed idiotype vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fuat Oduncu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
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Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Alizadeh AA, Morris MB, Church WB, Dastmalchi S. Phage display as a technology delivering on the promise of peptide drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1144-57. [PMID: 24051398 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phage display represents an important approach in the development pipeline for producing peptides and peptidomimetics therapeutics. Using randomly generated DNA sequences and molecular biology techniques, large diverse peptide libraries can be displayed on the phage surface. The phage library can be incubated with a target of interest and the phage which bind can be isolated and sequenced to reveal the displayed peptides' primary structure. In this review, we focus on the 'mechanics' of the phage display process, whilst highlighting many diverse and subtle ways it has been used to further the drug-development process, including the potential for the phage particle itself to be used as a drug carrier targeted to a particular pathogen or cell type in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yin L, Calvo-Calle JM, Cruz J, Newman FK, Frey SE, Ennis FA, Stern LJ. CD4+ T cells provide intermolecular help to generate robust antibody responses in vaccinia virus-vaccinated humans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6023-33. [PMID: 23667112 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with vaccinia virus elicits a protective Ab response that is almost completely CD4(+) T cell dependent. A recent study in a rodent model observed a deterministic linkage between Ab and CD4(+) T cell responses to particular vaccinia virus proteins suggesting that CD4(+) T cell help is preferentially provided to B cells with the same protein specificity (Sette et al. 2008. Immunity 28: 847-858). However, a causal linkage between Ab and CD4(+) T cell responses to vaccinia or any other large pathogen in humans has yet to be done. In this study, we measured the Ab and CD4(+) T cell responses against four vaccinia viral proteins (A27L, A33R, B5R, and L1R) known to be strongly targeted by humoral and cellular responses induced by vaccinia virus vaccination in 90 recently vaccinated and 7 long-term vaccinia-immunized human donors. Our data indicate that there is no direct linkage between Ab and CD4(+) T cell responses against each individual protein in both short-term and long-term immunized donors. Together with the observation that the presence of immune responses to these four proteins is linked together within donors, our data suggest that in vaccinia-immunized humans, individual viral proteins are not the primary recognition unit of CD4(+) T cell help for B cells. Therefore, we have for the first time, to our knowledge, shown evidence that CD4(+) T cells provide intermolecular (also known as noncognate or heterotypic) help to generate robust Ab responses against four vaccinia viral proteins in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusong Yin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Structural requirements for the activity of the MirB ferrisiderophore transporter of Aspergillus fumigatus. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2012; 11:1333-44. [PMID: 22903978 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00159-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores have been identified as virulence factors in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The 14-pass transmembrane protein MirB is postulated to function as a siderophore transporter, responsible for uptake of the hydroxamate siderophore N,N',N″-triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC). Our aim was to identify amino acids of A. fumigatus MirB that are crucial for uptake of TAFC. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create MirB mutants. Expression of wild-type and mutant proteins in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PHY14, which lacks endogenous siderophore transporters, was confirmed by Western blotting. TAFC transport assays using (55)Fe-labeled TAFC and growth assays with Fe-TAFC as the sole iron source identified alanine 125, tyrosine 577, loop 3, and the second half of loop 7 (Loop7Del2) as crucial for function, since their substitution or deletion abrogated uptake completely. Wild-type MirB transported ferricrocin and coprogen as well as TAFC but not ferrichrysin. MirB was localized by fluorescence microscopy using antisera raised against a MirB extracellular loop peptide. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that in yeast, wild-type MirB had a punctate distribution under the plasma membrane, as did the A125D and Y577A strains, indicating that the defect in transport of these mutants was unlikely to be due to mislocalization or degradation. MirB immunolocalization in A. fumigatus showed that the transporter was found in vesicles which cycled between the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane and was concentrated at the hyphal tips. The location of MirB was not influenced by the presence of the siderophore TAFC but was sensitive to internal iron stores.
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Kapty J, Banman S, Goping IS, Mercer JR. Evaluation of phosphatidylserine-binding peptides targeting apoptotic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:1293-301. [PMID: 22811476 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112453313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition or dysregulation of apoptosis plays an intimate role in the initiation and progression of cancer by confounding normal tissue homeostasis. We currently do not have a clinical method to assess apoptosis induced by cancer therapies. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an attractive target for imaging apoptosis because it is on the exterior of the apoptotic cells and PS externalization is an early marker of apoptosis. PS-binding peptides are an attractive option for developing an imaging probe to detect apoptosis using positron emission tomography. In this study, four peptides were evaluated for PS-binding characteristics using a plate-based assay system, a liposome mimic of cell membrane PS presentation, and a cell assay of apoptosis. This work also describes two screening techniques to enable researchers to identify and optimize compounds that bind to PS. The results of our study indicate that all four peptides bind to PS and are specific to apoptotic cells. Two of the peptides in particular that have an additional cysteine residue are good potential candidates for development into imaging probes because they bind to PS with high affinity and specificity and they can be easily radiolabelled with (18)F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Kapty
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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Prisco A, De Berardinis P. Filamentous bacteriophage fd as an antigen delivery system in vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:5179-5194. [PMID: 22606037 PMCID: PMC3344273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13045179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides displayed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage fd are able to induce humoral as well as cell-mediated immune responses, which makes phage particles an attractive antigen delivery system to design new vaccines. The immune response induced by phage-displayed peptides can be enhanced by targeting phage particles to the professional antigen presenting cells, utilizing a single-chain antibody fragment that binds dendritic cell receptor DEC-205. Here, we review recent advances in the use of filamentous phage fd as a platform for peptide vaccines, with a special focus on the use of phage fd as an antigen delivery platform for peptide vaccines in Alzheimer's Disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Prisco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Thomas BS, Nishikawa S, Ito K, Chopra P, Sharma N, Evans DH, Tyrrell DLJ, Bathe OF, Rancourt DE. Peptide vaccination is superior to genetic vaccination using a recombineered bacteriophage λ subunit vaccine. Vaccine 2011; 30:998-1008. [PMID: 22210400 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic immunization holds promise as a vaccination method, but has so far proven ineffective in large primate and human trials. Herein, we examined the relative merits of genetic immunization and peptide immunization using bacteriophage λ. Bacteriophage λ has proven effective in immune challenge models using both immunization methods, but there has never been a direct comparison of efficacy and of the quality of immune response. In the current study, this vector was produced using a combination of cis and trans phage display. When antibody titers were measured from immunized animals together with IL-2, IL-4 and IFNγ production from splenocytes in vitro, we found that proteins displayed on λ were superior at eliciting an immune response in comparison to genetic immunization with λ. We also found that the antibodies produced in response to immunization with λ displayed proteins bound more epitopes than those produced in response to genetic immunization. Finally, the general immune response to λ inoculation, whether peptide or genetic, was dominated by a Th1 response, as determined by IFNγ and IL-4 concentration, or by a higher concentration of IgG2a antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Thomas
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Vaks L, Benhar I. In vivo characteristics of targeted drug-carrying filamentous bacteriophage nanomedicines. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:58. [PMID: 22185583 PMCID: PMC3281789 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted drug-carrying phage nanomedicines are a new class of nanomedicines that combines biological and chemical components into a modular nanometric drug delivery system. The core of the system is a filamentous phage particle that is produced in the bacterial host Escherichia coli. Target specificity is provided by a targeting moiety, usually an antibody that is displayed on the tip of the phage particle. A large drug payload is chemically conjugated to the protein coat of the phage via a chemically or genetically engineered linker that provides for controlled release of the drug after the particle homed to the target cell. Recently we have shown that targeted drug-carrying phage nanomedicines can be used to eradicate pathogenic bacteria and cultured tumor cells with great potentiation over the activity of the free untargeted drug. We have also shown that poorly water soluble drugs can be efficiently conjugated to the phage coat by applying hydrophilic aminoglycosides as branched solubility-enhancing linkers. RESULTS With an intention to move to animal experimentation of efficacy, we tested anti-bacterial drug-carrying phage nanomedicines for toxicity and immunogenicity and blood pharmacokinetics upon injection into mice. Here we show that anti-bacterial drug-carrying phage nanomedicines that carry the antibiotic chloramphenicol conjugated via an aminoglycoside linker are non-toxic to mice and are greatly reduced in immunogenicity in comparison to native phage particles or particles to which the drug is conjugated directly and are cleared from the blood more slowly in comparison to native phage particles. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that aminoglycosides may serve as branched solubility enhancing linkers for drug conjugation that also provide for a better safety profile of the targeted nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Vaks
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S, Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Henry KA, Murira A, van Houten NE, Scott JK. Developing strategies to enhance and focus humoral immune responses using filamentous phage as a model antigen. Bioeng Bugs 2011; 2:275-83. [PMID: 22008640 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.2.5.16559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous bacteriophage are commonly used as immunogenic carriers for peptides and proteins displayed on the phage surface. Previously, we showed that immunization with phage to which peptides had been chemically conjugated can elicit a focused anti-peptide antibody response compared with traditional carrier molecules bearing the same peptide, perhaps due to the low surface complexity of the phage. The regularity of its surface also gives the phage other advantages as a carrier, including immunological simplicity and thousands of well-defined sites for chemical conjugation. More recently, we showed that focusing of antibody responses against 'target' peptides was enhanced when the phage's molecular surface was simplified by removal of immunodominant B-cell epitopes present on the minor coat protein, pIII. The pIII-truncated variant elicits an antibody response that is largely restricted to the exposed N-terminus of the major coat protein, pVIII, and to phage-associated bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and a significant fraction of this response cross-reacts with a 12-residue peptide covering the surface-exposed region of pVIII. This allows one to track antibody responses against the phage (and any associated haptens) as they develop over time, and characterize them using a combination of serological, flow cytometric, cellular and immunogenetic assays. The filamentous phage thus provides an excellent model system for studying various aspects of the antibody response, all with the goal of targeting antibody production against weakly immunogenic peptides, proteins and carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Henry
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
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Reactivity profiles of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies are distinct from those of pathogenic autoantibodies. AIDS 2011; 25:1247-57. [PMID: 21508803 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32834785cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNt Abs) against HIV-1 are rarely produced during natural infection, and efforts to induce such Abs by vaccination have been unsuccessful. Thus, elucidating the nature and cellular origins of bNt Abs is a high priority for vaccine research. As the bNt monoclonal Abs (MAbs) 2F5, 4E10 and 2G12 have been reported to bind select autoantigens, we investigated whether these MAbs display a broader range of autoreactivity and how their autoreactivity compares with that of pathogenic autoAbs. METHODS An autoantigen microarray comprising 106 connective tissue disease-related autoantigens and control antigens was developed and used, in combination with ELISAs, to compare the reactivity profiles of MAbs 4E10, 2F5 and 2G12 to those of four pathogenic autoAbs derived from patients with antiphospholipid-syndrome (APS), and to serum from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). RESULTS The APS MAbs and SLE serum reacted strongly with multiple autoantigens on the microarray, whereas anti-HIV-1 MAb reactivity was limited mainly to HIV-1-related antigens. The APS autoAbs reacted strongly with CL, yet only 4E10 bound CL at high concentrations; both 2F5 and 4E10 bound their HIV-1 epitopes with a 2-3-log higher apparent affinity than CL. Moreover, the polyreactivity of 4E10, but not CL15, could be blocked with dried milk. CONCLUSION The reactivity profiles of bNt anti-HIV-1 MAbs are fundamentally distinct from those of pathogenic autoAbs that arise from dysregulated tolerance mechanisms. This suggests that the limited polyreactivity observed for the bNt MAbs, and for HIV-1-Nt Abs in general, may arise through alternative mechanisms, such as extensive somatic mutation due to persistent antigen selection during chronic infection.
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Geels M, Ye K. Developments in high-yield system expressed vaccines and immunotherapy. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2011; 4:189-97. [PMID: 21171956 DOI: 10.2174/187220810793611518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conventional vaccine production techniques are outdated, leaving the world defenseless to viruses and pathogens. Successful protection necessitates the innovation of strategies that can generate an induced defensive humoral and cellular response with: ease of mass production, nominal side-effects, and controlled design specificity, all while being cost effective. Fortunately, technology exists to facilitate such advances in this billion dollar industry and this review is focused on recent publications and patents which hold promise to revolutionize the fight against pathogenic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Geels
- Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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