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Lei Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Tian S, Ou Q, Liu T, Huang H, Tang T, Wang C. A Listeria ivanovii balanced-lethal system may be a promising antigen carrier for vaccine construction. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2831-2844. [PMID: 36069650 PMCID: PMC9618314 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expressing heterologous antigens by plasmids may cause antibiotic resistance. Additionally, antigen expression via plasmids is unstable due to the loss of the plasmid. Here, we developed a balanced‐lethal system. The Listeria monocytogenes (LM) balanced‐lethal system has been previously used as an antigen carrier to induce cellular immune response. However, thus far, there has been no reports on Listeria ivanovii (LI) balanced‐lethal systems. The dal and dat genes from the LI‐attenuated LIΔatcAplcB (LIΔ) were deleted consecutively, resulting in a nutrient‐deficient LIΔdd strain. Subsequently, an antibiotic resistance‐free plasmid carrying the LM dal gene was transformed into the nutrient‐deficient strain to generate the LI balanced‐lethal system LIΔdd:dal. The resultant bacterial strain retains the ability to proliferate in phagocytic cells, as well as the ability to adhere and invade hepatocytes. Its genetic composition was stable, and compared to the parent strain, the balanced‐lethal system was substantially attenuated. In addition, LIΔdd:dal induced specific CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell responses and protected mice against LIΔ challenge. Similarly, we constructed an LM balanced‐lethal system LMΔdd:dal. Sequential immunization with different recombinant Listeria strains will significantly enhance the immunotherapeutic effect. Thus, LIΔdd:dal combined with LMΔdd:dal, or with other balanced‐lethal systems will be more promising alternative for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lei
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunwen Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijing Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sicheng Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Ou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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García-Álvarez R, Vallet-Regí M. Bacteria and cells as alternative nano-carriers for biomedical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:103-118. [PMID: 35076351 PMCID: PMC8802895 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2029844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nano-based systems have received a lot of attention owing to their particular properties and, hence, have been proposed for a wide variety of biomedical applications. These nanosystems could be potentially employed for diagnosis and therapy of different medical issues. Although these nanomaterials are designed for specific tasks, interactions, and transformations when administered to the human body affect their performance and behavior. In this regard, bacteria and other cells have been presented as alternative nanocarriers. These microorganisms can be genetically modified and customized for a more specific therapeutic action and, in combination with nanomaterials, can lead to bio-hybrids with a unique potential for biomedical purposes. AREAS COVERED Literature regarding bacteria and cells employed in combination with nanomaterials for biomedical applications is revised and discussed in this review. The potential as well as the limitations of these novel bio-hybrid systems are evaluated. Several examples are presented to show the performance of these alternative nanocarriers. EXPERT OPINION Bio-hybrid systems have shown their potential as alternative nanocarriers as they contribute to better performance than traditional nano-based systems. Nevertheless, their limitations must be studied, and advantages and drawbacks assessed before their application to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química En Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Unidad de Química Inorgánica Y Bioinorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre I+12, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química En Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Unidad de Química Inorgánica Y Bioinorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre I+12, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Oral delivery of bacteria: Basic principles and biomedical applications. J Control Release 2020; 327:801-833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Nguyen HV, Faivre V. Targeted drug delivery therapies inspired by natural taxes. J Control Release 2020; 322:439-456. [PMID: 32259545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A taxis is the movement responding to a stimulus of an organism. This behavior helps organisms to migrate, to find food or to avoid dangers. By mimicking and using natural taxes, many bio-inspired and bio-hybrid drug delivery systems have been synthesized. Under the guidance of physical and chemical stimuli, drug-loaded carriers are led to a target, for example tumors, then locally release the drug, inducing a therapeutic effect without influencing other parts of the body. On the other hand, for moving targets, for example metastasis cancer cells or bacteria, taking advantage of their taxes behavior is a solution to capture and to eliminate them. For instance, several traps and ecological niches have been fabricated to attract cancer cells by releasing chemokines. Cancer cells are then eliminated by drug loaded inside the trap, by radiotherapy focusing on the trap location or by simply removing the trap. Further research is needed to deeply understand the taxis behavior of organisms, which is essential to ameliorate the performance of taxes-inspired drug delivery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V Nguyen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vincent Faivre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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5
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Lessons for general vaccinology research from attempts to develop an HIV vaccine. Vaccine 2019; 37:3400-3408. [PMID: 30979571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past when large investments have been made in tackling narrow scientific challenges, the enormous expansion in our knowledge in one small area has had a spill-over effect on research and treatment of other diseases. The large investment in HIV vaccine development in recent years has the potential for such an effect on vaccine development for other diseases. HIV vaccine developers have experienced repeated failure using the standard approaches to vaccine development. This has forced them to consider immune responses in greater depth and detail. It has led to a recognition of the importance of epitopic specificity in both antibody and T cell responses. Also, it has led to an understanding of the importance of affinity maturation in antibody responses and the quality of T cell responses in T cell-mediated immunity. It has advanced the development of many novel vaccine vectors and vehicles that are now available for use in other vaccines. Further, it has focused attention on the impact of research funding mechanisms and community engagement on vaccine development. These developments and considerations have implications for vaccinology more generally. Some suggestions are made for investigators working on other "hard-to-develop" vaccines.
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6
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Arora D, Sharma C, Jaglan S, Lichtfouse E. Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vectors for Delivery of Mucosal Vaccines, DNA Vaccines, and Cancer Immunotherapy. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123696 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01881-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines save millions of lives each year from various life-threatening infectious diseases, and there are more than 20 vaccines currently licensed for human use worldwide. Moreover, in recent decades immunotherapy has become the mainstream therapy, which highlights the tremendous potential of immune response mediators, including vaccines for prevention and treatment of various forms of cancer. However, despite the tremendous advances in microbiology and immunology, there are several vaccine preventable diseases which still lack effective vaccines. Classically, weakened forms (attenuated) of pathogenic microbes were used as vaccines. Although the attenuated microbes induce effective immune response, a significant risk of reversion to pathogenic forms remains. While in the twenty-first century, with the advent of genetic engineering, microbes can be tailored with desired properties. In this review, I have focused on the use of genetically modified bacteria for the delivery of vaccine antigens. More specifically, the live-attenuated bacteria, derived from pathogenic bacteria, possess many features that make them highly suitable vectors for the delivery of vaccine antigens. Bacteria can theoretically express any heterologous gene or can deliver mammalian expression vectors harboring vaccine antigens (DNA vaccines). These properties of live-attenuated microbes are being harnessed to make vaccines against several infectious and noninfectious diseases. In this regard, I have described the desired features of live-attenuated bacterial vectors and the mechanisms of immune responses manifested by live-attenuated bacterial vectors. Interestingly anaerobic bacteria are naturally attracted to tumors, which make them suitable vehicles to deliver tumor-associated antigens thus I have discussed important studies investigating the role of bacterial vectors in immunotherapy. Finally, I have provided important discussion on novel approaches for improvement and tailoring of live-attenuated bacterial vectors for the generation of desired immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Arora
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR, Jammu, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR, Jammu, India
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
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7
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Ding C, Ma J, Dong Q, Liu Q. Live bacterial vaccine vector and delivery strategies of heterologous antigen: A review. Immunol Lett 2018; 197:70-77. [PMID: 29550258 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Live bacteria, including attenuated bacteria and probiotics, can be engineered to deliver target antigen to excite the host immune system. The preponderance of these live bacterial vaccine vectors is that they can stimulate durable humoral and cellular immunity. Moreover, delivery strategies of heterologous antigen in live bacterial promote the applications of new vaccine development. Genetic technologies are evolving, which potentiate the developing of heterologous antigen delivery systems, including bacterial surface display system, bacterial secretion system and balanced lethal vector system. Although the live bacterial vaccine vector is a powerful adjuvant, certain disadvantages, such as safety risk, must also be taken into account. In this review, we compare the development of representative live bacterial vectors, and summarize the main characterizations of the various delivery strategies of heterologous antigen in live vector vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Ding
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Junfei Ma
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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8
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Chien T, Doshi A, Danino T. Advances in bacterial cancer therapies using synthetic biology. CURRENT OPINION IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 5:1-8. [PMID: 29881788 PMCID: PMC5986102 DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology aims to apply engineering principles to biology by modulating the behavior of living organisms. An emerging application of this field is the engineering of bacteria as a cancer therapy by the programming of therapeutic, safety, and specificity features through genetic modification. Here, we review progress in this engineering including the targeting of bacteria to tumors, specific sensing and response to tumor microenvironments, remote induction methods, and controllable release of therapeutics. We discuss the most prominent bacteria strains used and their specific properties and the types of therapeutics tested thus far. Finally, we note current challenges, such as genetic stability, that researchers must address for successful clinical implementation of this novel therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Chien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Anjali Doshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tal Danino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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9
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Bolhassani A, Naderi N, Soleymani S. Prospects and progress of Listeria-based cancer vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1389-1400. [PMID: 28823183 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1366446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of an effective therapeutic vaccine to induce cancer-specific immunity remains problematic. Recently, a species of intracellular pathogen known as Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) has been used to transfer DNA, RNA and proteins into tumour cells as well as elicit an immune response against tumour-specific antigens. Areas covered: Herein, the authors provide the mechanisms of different Listeria monocytogenes strains, which are potential therapeutic cancer vaccine vectors, in addition to their preclinical and clinical development. They also speculate on the future of Lm-based tumour immunotherapies. The article is based on literature published on PubMed and data reported in clinical trials. Expert opinion: Attenuated strains of Listeria monocytogenes have safely been applied as therapeutic bacterial vectors for the delivery of cancer vaccines. These vectors stimulate MHCI and MHCII pathways as well as the proliferation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated the potency of Lm in intracellular gene and protein delivery in vitro and in vivo. They have also indicated safety and efficiacy in clinical trials. Readers should be aware that the ability of attenuated Lm strains to induce potent immune responses depends on the type of deleted or inactivated Lm virulent gene or genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bolhassani
- a Department of Hepatitis and AIDS , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Niloofar Naderi
- a Department of Hepatitis and AIDS , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sepehr Soleymani
- a Department of Hepatitis and AIDS , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
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10
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Bioengineered and biohybrid bacteria-based systems for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:27-44. [PMID: 27641944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of bacterial cells as agents of medical therapy has a long history. Research that was ignited over a century ago with the accidental infection of cancer patients has matured into a platform technology that offers the promise of opening up new potential frontiers in medical treatment. Bacterial cells exhibit unique characteristics that make them well-suited as smart drug delivery agents. Our ability to genetically manipulate the molecular machinery of these cells enables the customization of their therapeutic action as well as its precise tuning and spatio-temporal control, allowing for the design of unique, complex therapeutic functions, unmatched by current drug delivery systems. Early results have been promising, but there are still many important challenges that must be addressed. We present a review of promises and challenges of employing bioengineered bacteria in drug delivery systems and introduce the biohybrid design concept as a new additional paradigm in bacteria-based drug delivery.
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11
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Wan X, Cheng C, Lin Z, Jiang R, Zhao W, Yan X, Tang J, Yao K, Sun B, Chen Y. The attenuated hepatocellular carcinoma-specific Listeria vaccine Lmdd-MPFG prevents tumor occurrence through immune regulation of dendritic cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8822-38. [PMID: 25826093 PMCID: PMC4496186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for liver cancer. Here, we tested the ability of the attenuated hepatocellular carcinoma-specific Listeria vaccine (Lmdd-MPFG) to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a mouse model. Immunization with the vaccine caused a strong anti-tumor response, especially in mice reinfused with dendritic cells (DCs). In mice that were also administered DCs, tumor suppression was accompanied by the strongest cytotoxic T lymphocyte response of all treatment groups and by induced differentiation of CD4+ T cells, especially Th17 cells. Additionally, the Lmdd-MPFG vaccine caused maturation of DCs in vitro. We demonstrated the synergistic effect of TLR4 and NLRP3 or NOD1 signaling pathways in LM-induced DC activation. These results suggest that the Lmdd-MPFG vaccine is a feasible strategy for preventing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ci Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junwei Tang
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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Chen Z, Ozbun L, Chong N, Wallecha A, Berzofsky JA, Khleif SN. Episomal expression of truncated listeriolysin O in LmddA-LLO-E7 vaccine enhances antitumor efficacy by preferentially inducing expansions of CD4+FoxP3- and CD8+ T cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:911-22. [PMID: 24872025 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-based vaccine expressing a fusion protein comprising truncated listeriolysin O (LLO) and human papilloma virus (HPV) E7 protein (Lm-LLO-E7) induces a decrease in regulatory T cells (Treg) and complete regression of established, transplanted HPV-TC-1 tumors in mice. However, how the Lm-based vaccine causes a decrease in Tregs remains unclear. Using a highly attenuated Lm dal dat ΔactA strain (LmddA)-based vaccine, we report here that the vector LmddA was sufficient to induce a decrease in the proportion of Tregs by preferentially expanding CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells and CD8(+) T cells by a mechanism dependent on and directly mediated by LLO. Episomal expression of a nonhemolytic truncated LLO in Lm (LmddA-LLO) significantly augmented the expansion, thus further decreasing Treg frequency. Although adoptive transfer of Tregs compromised the antitumor efficacy of the LmddA-LLO-E7 vaccine, a combination of LmddA-LLO and an Lm-based vaccine expressing E7 protein (Lm-E7) induced complete regression against established TC-1 tumors. An engineered LLO-minus Lm expressing perfringolysin O (PFO) that enables the recombinant bacteria to exit from the phagolysosome without LLO confirmed that the adjuvant effect was dependent on LLO. These results suggest that LLO may serve as a promising adjuvant by preferentially inducing the expansions of CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells and CD8(+) T cells, thus reducing the ratio of Tregs to CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells and to CD8(+) T cells favoring immune responses to eradicate tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Chen
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurent Ozbun
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Namju Chong
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland;
| | - Samir N Khleif
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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13
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Garulli B, Di Mario G, Stillitano MG, Kawaoka Y, Castrucci MR. Exploring mucosal immunization with a recombinant influenza virus carrying an HIV-polyepitope in mice with pre-existing immunity to influenza. Vaccine 2014; 32:2501-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Shollenberger LM, Bui CT, Paterson Y, Nyhoff L, Harn DA. HIV-1 vaccine-specific responses induced by Listeria vector vaccines are maintained in mice subsequently infected with a model helminth parasite, Schistosoma mansoni. Vaccine 2013; 31:5651-8. [PMID: 24120546 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In areas co-endemic for helminth parasites and HIV/AIDS, infants are often administered vaccines prior to infection with immune modulatory helminth parasites. Systemic Th2 biasing and immune suppression caused by helminth infection reduces cell-mediated responses to vaccines such as tetanus toxoid and BCG. Therefore, we asked if infection with helminthes post-vaccination, alters already established vaccine induced immune responses. In our model, mice are vaccinated against HIV-1 Gag using a Listeria vaccine vector (Lm-Gag) in a prime-boost manner, then infected with the human helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni. This allows us to determine if established vaccine responses are maintained or altered after helminth infection. Our second objective asked if helminth infection post-vaccination alters the recipient's ability to respond to a second boost. Here we compared responses between uninfected mice, schistosome infected mice, and infected mice that were given an anthelminthic, which occurred coincident with the boost or four weeks prior, as well as comparing to un-boosted mice. We report that HIV-1 vaccine-specific responses generated by Listeria vector HIV-1 vaccines are maintained following subsequent chronic schistosome infection, providing further evidence that Listeria vector vaccines induce potent vaccine-specific responses that can withstand helminth infection. We also were able to demonstrate that administration of a second Listeria boost, which markedly enhanced the immune response, was minimally impacted by schistosome infection, or anthelminthic therapy. Surprisingly, we also observed enhanced antibody responses to HIV Gag in vaccinated mice subsequently infected with schistosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Shollenberger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602-7387, USA.
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15
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Frencher JT, Ryan-Pasyeur BK, Huang D, Wang RC, McMullen PD, Letvin NL, Collins WE, Freitag NE, Malkovsky M, Chen CY, Shen L, Chen ZW. SHIV antigen immunization alters patterns of immune responses to SHIV/malaria coinfection and protects against life-threatening SHIV-related malaria. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:260-70. [PMID: 23568175 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether vaccination against a virus can protect against more virulent coinfection with the virus and additional pathogen(s) remains poorly characterized. Overlapping endemicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria suggests that HIV/malaria coinfection frequently complicates acute and chronic HIV infection. Here we showed that vaccination of macaques with recombinant Listeria ΔactA prfA* expressing simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) gag and env elicited Gag- and Env-specific T-cell responses, and protected against life-threatening SHIV-related malaria after SHIV/Plasmodium fragile coinfection. SHIV antigen immunization reduced peak viremia, resisted SHIV/malaria-induced lymphoid destruction, and blunted coinfection-accelerated decline of CD4(+) T-cell counts after SHIV/malaria coinfection. SHIV antigen immunization also weakened coinfection-driven overreactive proinflammatory interferon-γ (IFNγ) responses and led to developing T helper cell 17/22 (Th17/Th22) responses after SHIV/malaria coinfection. The findings suggest that vaccination against AIDS virus can alter patterns of immune responses to the SHIV/malaria coinfection and protect against life-threatening SHIV-related malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Frencher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Shollenberger LM, Bui C, Paterson Y, Allen K, Harn D. Successful vaccination of immune suppressed recipients using Listeria vector HIV-1 vaccines in helminth infected mice. Vaccine 2013; 31:2050-6. [PMID: 23470236 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines for HIV, malaria and TB remain high priorities, especially for sub-Saharan populations. The question is: will vaccines currently in development for these diseases function in populations that have a high prevalence of helminth infection? Infection with helminth parasites causes immune suppression and a CD4+ Th2 skewing of the immune system, thereby impairing Th1-type vaccine efficacy. In this study, we conduct HIV vaccine trials in mice with and without chronic helminth infection to mimic the human vaccine recipient populations in Sub-Saharan Africa and other helminth parasite endemic regions of the world, as there is large overlap in global prevalence for HIV and helminth infection. Here, we demonstrate that Listeria monocytogenes functions as a vaccine vector to drive robust and functional HIV-specific cellular immune responses, irrespective of chronic helminth infection. This observation represents a significant advance in the field of vaccine research and underscores the concept that vaccines in the developmental pipeline should be effective in the target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Shollenberger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602-7387, USA.
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Du S, Li C, Wang Y, Liu C, Ren D, Li Y, Qin Y, Wang M, Sun D, Zhu N, Jin N. Construction and evaluation of a new triple-gene expression cassette vaccinia virus shuttle vector. J Virol Methods 2012; 185:175-83. [PMID: 22766182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A vaccinia virus shuttle vector pSTKE with a triple-gene expression cassette was designed, and the derived recombinant virus could express at least three different target genes. A vaccinia virus and its mutant as the original viruses and EGFP as the reporter gene were used to verify the three expression cassettes. Two recombinant viruses containing EGFP were obtained by homologous recombination and plaque screening. The expression and genetic stability of the recombinant virus and foreign genes were analyzed using PCR, real-time PCR, and Western blot. And then EGFP, RFP and BFP were inserted into MCS1, MCS2 and MCS3 of pSTKE respectively, resulting in the generation of recombinant expressing three fluorescent proteins mentioned above, and the recombinant was continuously passaged 20 times. The results showed that EGFP, RFP and BFP were highly expressed in vaccinia virus, and no interaction between the three expression cassettes was observed. Recombinant viruses were stable genetically. The shuttle vector pSTKE can be used for efficient and stable gene expression to address problems in recombinant vaccinia viruses, such as low expression efficiency, limited number of inserted genes. In addition, this study provides a solid foundation for the development of a new genetically engineered vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwen Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Moorman JP, Jia Z. Dendritic cell-based immunity and vaccination against hepatitis C virus infection. Immunology 2012; 136:385-96. [PMID: 22486354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has chronically infected an estimated 170 million people worldwide. There are many impediments to the development of an effective vaccine for HCV infection. Dendritic cells (DC) remain the most important antigen-presenting cells for host immune responses, and are capable of either inducing productive immunity or maintaining the state of tolerance to self and non-self antigens. Researchers have recently explored the mechanisms by which DC function is regulated during HCV infection, leading to impaired antiviral T-cell responses and so to persistent viral infection. Recently, DC-based vaccines against HCV have been developed. This review summarizes the current understanding of DC function during HCV infection and explores the prospects of DC-based HCV vaccine. In particular, it describes the biology of DC, the phenotype of DC in HCV-infected patients, the effect of HCV on DC development and function, the studies on new DC-based vaccines against HCV infection, and strategies to improve the efficacy of DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Centre of Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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Attenuated Listeria monocytogenes, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 antigen expression and delivery vector for inducing an immune response. Res Microbiol 2012; 163:540-9. [PMID: 22835946 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We selectively expressed protective Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen ESAT-6 in recombinant strains Lm(esat-6) and LmΔactA/plcB(esat-6) to evaluate the capacity of Listeria monocytogenes to deliver antigens from M. tuberculosis, and we studied the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of these strains compared with virulent parental strain yzuLm4 and attenuated strain LmΔactA/plcB. The two recombinant strains retained listeriolysin O hemolytic activity, escaped into the cytosol niche and established replication in the macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell line; however, these strains showed decreased virulence in C57BL/6 mice. Histopathology revealed no obvious pathological changes following administration of the recombinant strains to mice, indicating that they were significantly safer than parental strains. Moreover, intravenous vaccination of mice with the recombinant strains elicited specific Th1-type cellular immunity, splenocyte proliferation and effective CTL activity in vivo. Thus, attenuated L. monocytogenes strains can be used as effective vectors for delivering M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 and inducing a cellular immune response, suggesting that such vectors may be effective as novel vaccines for preventing tuberculosis.
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Development of a Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccine against hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2011; 31:2140-52. [PMID: 21927025 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a promising bacterial vector able to induce a T-cell response to tumor-associated antigens and demonstrates great potential for use in vaccine development. A novel recombinant LM-based vaccine (Lmdd (LM ΔdalΔdat)-MPFG (multiple peptide fusing genes)) was developed with the ability to express and secrete hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related tumor-associated antigens fragments due to the insertion of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-X protein (HBx)-derived epitopes HBx(52-60) and HBx(140-148), the universal T-helper epitope, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) epitope AFP(158-166), and melanoma antigen gene (MAGE)-3(271-279) into the HBV core protein. Following immunization with the Lmdd-MPFG vaccine, macrophages exhibited uptake of the bacteria; the vaccine was then nearly cleared 3 days after the first administration. It disappeared even more quickly following subsequent vaccinations. However, recombinant Lmdd-MPFG allowed for the full development of an antitumor response towards the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A0201 epitopes of MPFG. Each epitope stimulated an augmented T-cell proliferation and enhanced the supernatant level of interferon (IFN)-γ in vitro. In addition, IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells as well as in vivo cytolytic activity were significantly increased in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. Additionally, the Lmdd-MPFG developed a strong antitumor response, as indicated by the significant resistance of immunized mice to MPFG-positive Hepa1-6 cell challenge in both a prophylactic and therapeutic setting. Tumor regression was accompanied by an enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and a decrease of regulatory T cells in the tumor. Collectively, these results suggest that utilizing attenuated LM as a vaccine vector, able to carry the MPFG gene, presents a potentially feasible strategy for prevention of HCC.
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Prime-boost vaccination with heterologous live vectors encoding SIV gag and multimeric HIV-1 gp160 protein: efficacy against repeated mucosal R5 clade C SHIV challenges. Vaccine 2011; 29:5611-22. [PMID: 21693155 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We sought to induce primate immunodeficiency virus-specific cellular and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses in rhesus macaques (RM) through a bimodal vaccine approach. RM were immunized intragastrically (i.g.) with the live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) vector Lmdd-BdopSIVgag encoding SIVmac239 gag. SIV Gag-specific cellular responses were boosted by intranasal and intratracheal administration of replication-competent adenovirus (Ad5hr-SIVgag) encoding the same gag. To broaden antiviral immunity, the RM were immunized with multimeric HIV clade C (HIV-C) gp160 and HIV Tat. SIV Gag-specific cellular immune responses and HIV-1 nAb developed in some RM. The animals were challenged intrarectally with five low doses of R5 SHIV-1157ipEL-p, encoding a heterologous HIV-C Env (22.1% divergent to the Env immunogen). All five controls became viremic. One out of ten vaccinees was completely protected and another had low peak viremia. Sera from the completely and partially protected RM neutralized the challenge virus > 90%; these RM also had strong SIV Gag-specific proliferation of CD8⁺ T cells. Peak and area under the curve of plasma viremia (during acute phase) among vaccinees was lower than for controls, but did not attain significance. The completely protected RM showed persistently low numbers of the α4β7-expressing CD4⁺ T cells; the latter have been implicated as preferential virus targets in vivo. Thus, vaccine-induced immune responses and relatively lower numbers of potential target cells were associated with protection.
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