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He J, Deng X, Ma X, Yao L, Li Y, Chen C, He Y. Evaluation of BVDV E2 proteins based on recombinant baculovirus expression system production as diagnostic antigens and immunogens. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 226:106611. [PMID: 39317297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant immunosuppressive pathogen that has a major impact on the global cattle industry. Research efforts are currently focused on the envelope glycoprotein E2 of BVDV to improve immune responses. However, the full-length E2 protein is not ideal as an immune antigen and diagnostic tool, leading to the exploration of alternative strategies. In this study, we optimized the E2 gene using IDEB and ExpOptimizer software, then expressed the E2 gene using both baculovirus and E. coli expression systems. Subsequently, we assessed the immunogenicity of the purified E2 protein in mice and its application in indirect ELISA assays. Our findings showed that the Bac-E2 protein produced by the baculovirus system induced higher levels of antibody production and splenic lymphocyte proliferation in mice compared to the E. coli system. Moreover, the indirect ELISA assay developed using Bac-E2 protein exhibited superior specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy in comparison to the E. coli-expressed E2 ELISA. Overall, our study demonstrates that the optimized E2 protein generated through a baculovirus expression system elicits robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, making it a promising candidate for vaccine development. Furthermore, the optimized E2 protein ELISA assay shows enhanced sensitivity and accuracy, suggesting its potential as a valuable diagnostic antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke He
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Kelamayi, 834000, Xinjiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of High Incidence Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Western China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, 832003, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Xusheng Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Kelamayi, 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liangjia Yao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Kelamayi, 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yiguo Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Kelamayi, 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of High Incidence Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Western China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, 832003, Shihezi, China.
| | - Yanhua He
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, 553000, Guizhou, China.
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2
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Avello V, Salazar S, González EE, Campos P, Manríque V, Mathieu C, Hugues F, Cabezas I, Gädicke P, Parra NC, Acosta J, Sánchez O, González A, Montesino R. Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Candidate against the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8734. [PMID: 39201420 PMCID: PMC11354329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multivalent live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines are often used to control the bovine viral diarrhea disease (BVD). Still, they retain inherent disadvantages and do not provide the expected protection. This study developed a new vaccine prototype, including the external segment of the E2 viral protein from five different subgenotypes selected after a massive screening. The E2 proteins of every subgenotype (1aE2, 1bE2, 1cE2, 1dE2, and 1eE2) were produced in mammalian cells and purified by IMAC. An equimolar mixture of E2 proteins formulated in an oil-in-water adjuvant made up the vaccine candidate, inducing a high humoral response at 50, 100, and 150 µg doses in sheep. A similar immune response was observed in bovines at 50 µg. The cellular response showed a significant increase in the transcript levels of relevant Th1 cytokines, while those corresponding to the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the negative control were similar. High levels of neutralizing antibodies against the subgenotype BVDV1a demonstrated the effectiveness of our vaccine candidate, similar to that observed in the sera of animals vaccinated with the commercial vaccine. These results suggest that our vaccine prototype could become an effective recombinant vaccine against the BVD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/prevention & control
- Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/immunology
- Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/virology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Sheep
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/genetics
- Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral/immunology
- Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Avello
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160C, Chile; (V.A.); (S.S.); (P.C.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Santiago Salazar
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160C, Chile; (V.A.); (S.S.); (P.C.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Eddy E. González
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Paula Campos
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160C, Chile; (V.A.); (S.S.); (P.C.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Viana Manríque
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160C, Chile; (V.A.); (S.S.); (P.C.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Christian Mathieu
- Virology Section of the SAG’s Sub-Department Network of Animal Health Laboratories, Lo Aguirre, Santiago de Chile 9020000, Chile;
| | - Florence Hugues
- Pathology and Preventive Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán P.O. Box 537, Chile; (F.H.); (I.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Ignacio Cabezas
- Pathology and Preventive Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán P.O. Box 537, Chile; (F.H.); (I.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Paula Gädicke
- Pathology and Preventive Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán P.O. Box 537, Chile; (F.H.); (I.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Natalie C. Parra
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160C, Chile; (V.A.); (S.S.); (P.C.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Jannel Acosta
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160C, Chile; (V.A.); (S.S.); (P.C.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Pharmacology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160C, Chile;
| | - Alaín González
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Cra. 87 No 30-65, Medellin 050026, Colombia
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción P.O. Box 160C, Chile; (V.A.); (S.S.); (P.C.); (V.M.); (J.A.)
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3
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Katsura M, Fukushima M, Kameyama KI, Kokuho T, Nakahira Y, Takeuchi K. Novel bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) virus-like particle vaccine candidates presenting the E2 protein using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system induce a robust neutralizing antibody response in mice. Arch Virol 2023; 168:49. [PMID: 36609880 PMCID: PMC9825097 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of commercial consequence in cattle. Although many modified live and killed vaccines are commercially available, their drawbacks precipitate the need for new effective vaccines. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a safe and powerful technology used in several human and veterinary vaccines; however, it is difficult to produce large amounts of BVDV VLPs. In this study, we generated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) VLPs presenting the BVDV E2 protein (domain I to IIIb) of the Nose (BVDV-1) or KZ-91-CP (BVDV-2) strain by exploiting SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology. Mice immunized twice with 30 μg of RGNNV VLPs conjugated with 10 μg of E2 proteins of the Nose or KZ-91-CP strain with a 14-day interval elicited high (1:512,000 to 1:1,024,000) and moderate (1:25,600 to 1:102,400) IgG titers against E2 proteins of homologous and heterologous strains, respectively. In addition, this prime-boost regimen induced strong (1:800 to 1:3,200) and weak (~1:10) neutralization titers against homologous and heterologous BVDV strains, respectively. Our results indicate that conjugation of the E2 protein to RGNNV VLPs strongly enhances the antigenicity of the E2 protein and that RGNNV VLPs presenting the E2 protein are promising BVDV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Katsura
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Masaki Fukushima
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Kameyama
- grid.416882.10000 0004 0530 9488Exotic Disease Research Group, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0022 Japan
| | - Takehiko Kokuho
- grid.416882.10000 0004 0530 9488Exotic Disease Research Group, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0022 Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakahira
- grid.410773.60000 0000 9949 0476College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0332 Japan
| | - Kaoru Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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Lemon JL, McMenamy MJ. A Review of UK-Registered and Candidate Vaccines for Bovine Respiratory Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121403. [PMID: 34960149 PMCID: PMC8703677 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is widely regarded as a cornerstone in animal or herd health and infectious disease management. Nineteen vaccines against the major pathogens implicated in bovine respiratory disease are registered for use in the UK by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD). However, despite annual prophylactic vaccination, bovine respiratory disease is still conservatively estimated to cost the UK economy approximately £80 million per annum. This review examines the vaccine types available, discusses the surrounding literature and scientific rationale of the limitations and assesses the potential of novel vaccine technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Lemon
- Sustainable Agri-Food and Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael J. McMenamy
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK;
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Choudhury SM, Ma X, Dang W, Li Y, Zheng H. Recent Development of Ruminant Vaccine Against Viral Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:697194. [PMID: 34805327 PMCID: PMC8595237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.697194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens of viral origin produce a large variety of infectious diseases in livestock. It is essential to establish the best practices in animal care and an efficient way to stop and prevent infectious diseases that impact animal husbandry. So far, the greatest way to combat the disease is to adopt a vaccine policy. In the fight against infectious diseases, vaccines are very popular. Vaccination's fundamental concept is to utilize particular antigens, either endogenous or exogenous to induce immunity against the antigens or cells. In light of how past emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and pandemics were handled, examining the vaccination methods and technological platforms utilized for the animals may provide some useful insights. New vaccine manufacturing methods have evolved because of developments in technology and medicine and our broad knowledge of immunology, molecular biology, microbiology, and biochemistry, among other basic science disciplines. Genetic engineering, proteomics, and other advanced technologies have aided in implementing novel vaccine theories, resulting in the discovery of new ruminant vaccines and the improvement of existing ones. Subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines, and vectored vaccines are increasingly gaining scientific and public attention as the next generation of vaccines and are being seen as viable replacements to conventional vaccines. The current review looks at the effects and implications of recent ruminant vaccine advances in terms of evolving microbiology, immunology, and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Mohiuddin Choudhury
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - XuSheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - YuanYuan Li
- Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - HaiXue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Characterisation of a New Molecule Based on Two E2 Sequences from Bovine Viral Diarrhoea-mucosal Disease Virus Fused To the Human Immunoglobulin Fc Fragment. J Vet Res 2021; 65:27-37. [PMID: 33817392 PMCID: PMC8009577 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proper conformational arrangement of the E2 molecules of bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus (BVD-MDV) is crucial to obtain an effective recombinant vaccine candidate against the disease. In this study, we characterised a new molecule composed of two distinct sequences of the E2 glycoprotein of BVD-MDV and the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin (BVDE2Fc). Materials and Methods The chimaeric protein was expressed in mammalian cell lines of different species by adenoviral transduction and purified by immobilised metal-affinity chromatography. The N-glycans were profiled by HPLC, and the BVDE2Fc immunogenicity was assessed in male mice. The antigen-antibody reactions were evaluated by ELISA. Results The MDBK cell line was selected from among five for the final production of BVDE2Fc. After purification to over 90%, the N-glycan profile showed neutral and complex oligosaccharides. The mouse immunisation induced a strong humoral response, which produced antibodies able to attach to conformational epitopes on E2 molecules, while the Fc fragment barely contributed to the immune response. Additionally, BVDE2Fc attached to antibodies from bovine sera positive to distinct BVD-MDV subtypes, whereas the loss of BVDE2Fc structure during the deglycosylation process considerably diminished those interactions. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the structure of E2 molecules arranged in tandem and attached to an Fc fragment could represent a viable design for future vaccine candidates against BVD-MD.
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Karpiński TM, Ożarowski M, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Wolski H, Wlodkowic D. The 2020 race towards SARS-CoV-2 specific vaccines. Theranostics 2021; 11:1690-1702. [PMID: 33408775 PMCID: PMC7778607 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global outbreak of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) highlighted a requirement for two pronged clinical interventions such as development of effective vaccines and acute therapeutic options for medium-to-severe stages of "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19). Effective vaccines, if successfully developed, have been emphasized to become the most effective strategy in the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Basic research advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering have already provided excellent progress and groundbreaking new discoveries in the field of the coronavirus biology and its epidemiology. In particular, for the vaccine development the advances in characterization of a capsid structure and identification of its antigens that can become targets for new vaccines. The development of the experimental vaccines requires a plethora of molecular techniques as well as strict compliance with safety procedures. The research and clinical data integrity, cross-validation of the results, and appropriated studies from the perspective of efficacy and potently side effects have recently become a hotly discussed topic. In this review, we present an update on latest advances and progress in an ongoing race to develop 52 different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Our analysis is focused on registered clinical trials (current as of November 04, 2020) that fulfill the international safety and efficacy criteria in the vaccine development. The requirements as well as benefits and risks of diverse types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are discussed including those containing whole-virus and live-attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, mRNA vaccines, DNA vaccines, live vector vaccines, and also plant-based vaccine formulation containing coronavirus-like particle (VLP). The challenges associated with the vaccine development as well as its distribution, safety and long-term effectiveness have also been highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Disease, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hubert Wolski
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Disease, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tytus Chałubiński's Hospital, Zakopane, Poland
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Fazeli L, Golkar P, Mirakhorli N, Jalali SAH, Mohammadinezhad R. Transient expression of the full-length glycoprotein from infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves via agroinfiltration. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:648-658. [PMID: 32578912 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), the causative agent of acute disease in salmonids, is the only structural protein of the virus that can induce protective immunity in the fish host. Here, the reliability of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant for the production of this viral protein was examined by the transient expression method. Using the syringe agroinfiltration method, leaves of bean plants were transformed with the expression construct encoding the full-length of IHNV glycoprotein (IHNV-G) gene. Furthermore, the transformation efficacy of two infiltration buffers including PBS-A (PBS+acetosyringone) and MMS-A (MES buffer + MgSO4 + sucrose + acetosyringone) was compared. The analysis of mRNA and dot-blot assay confirmed the transcription and translation of IHNV-G protein in bean leaves. Moreover, Western blotting verified the production of intact, full-length (∼57 kDa) IHNV-G protein in the agroinfiltrated plants. Of note, the production level of IHNV-G using MMS-A agroinfiltration buffer was approximately five times higher compared to PBS-A buffer (0.48 vs. 0.1% of total soluble protein), indicating the effect of infiltration buffer on the transient transformation efficiency. The recombinant protein was purified at the final yield of 0.35 μg/g of fresh leaf tissue, using nickel affinity chromatography. The present work is the first report describing the feasibility of the plant expression platform for the production of IHNV-G protein, which can be served as an oral vaccine against IHNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Fazeli
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Pooran Golkar
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.,Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Neda Mirakhorli
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.,Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Rezvan Mohammadinezhad
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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9
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Lacombe S, Bangratz M, Brizard JP, Petitdidier E, Pagniez J, Sérémé D, Lemesre JL, Brugidou C. Optimized transitory ectopic expression of promastigote surface antigen protein in Nicotiana benthamiana, a potential anti-leishmaniasis vaccine candidate. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:116-123. [PMID: 28803053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, plants have been shown to be an efficient alternative expression system for high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines. However, constitutive expression of recombinant protein remains uncertain on their level of production and biological activity. To overcome these problems, transitory expression systems have been developed. Here, a series of experiments were performed to determine the most effective conditions to enhance vaccine antigen transient accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using the promastigote surface antigen (PSA) from the parasitic protozoan Leishmania infantum. This protein has been previously identified as the major antigen of a licensed canine anti-leishmaniasis vaccine. The classical prokaryote Escherichia coli biosystem failed in accumulating PSA. Consequently, the standard plant system based on N. benthamiana has been optimized for the production of putatively active PSA. First, the RNA silencing defense mechanism set up by the plant against PSA ectopic expression was abolished by using three viral suppressors acting at different steps of the RNA silencing pathway. Then, we demonstrated that the signal peptide at the N-terminal side of the PSA is required for its accumulation. The PSA ER signaling and retention with the PSA signal peptide and the KDEL motif, respectively were optimized to significantly increase its accumulation. Finally, we demonstrate that the production of recombinant PSA in N. benthamiana leaves allows the conservation of its immunogenic property. These approaches demonstrate that based on these optimizations, plant based systems can be used to effectively produce the biological active PSA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lacombe
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Martine Bangratz
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Jean-Paul Brizard
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Elodie Petitdidier
- IRD, CIRAD, Interaction Hôtes-Vecteurs-Parasites-Environnement Dans Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées Dues Aux Trypanosomatidés (INTERTRYP), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Julie Pagniez
- IRD, CIRAD, Interaction Hôtes-Vecteurs-Parasites-Environnement Dans Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées Dues Aux Trypanosomatidés (INTERTRYP), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Drissa Sérémé
- INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Jean-Loup Lemesre
- IRD, CIRAD, Interaction Hôtes-Vecteurs-Parasites-Environnement Dans Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées Dues Aux Trypanosomatidés (INTERTRYP), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Christophe Brugidou
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
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Lokhandwala S, Fang X, Waghela SD, Bray J, Njongmeta LM, Herring A, Abdelsalam KW, Chase C, Mwangi W. Priming Cross-Protective Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-Specific Immunity Using Live-Vectored Mosaic Antigens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170425. [PMID: 28099492 PMCID: PMC5242483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) plays a key role in bovine respiratory disease complex, which can lead to pneumonia, diarrhea and death of calves. Current vaccines are not very effective due, in part, to immunosuppressive traits and failure to induce broad protection. There are diverse BVDV strains and thus, current vaccines contain representative genotype 1 and 2 viruses (BVDV-1 & 2) to broaden coverage. BVDV modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are superior to killed virus vaccines, but they are susceptible to neutralization and complement-mediated destruction triggered by passively acquired antibodies, thus limiting their efficacy. We generated three novel mosaic polypeptide chimeras, designated NproE2123; NS231; and NS232, which incorporate protective determinants that are highly conserved among BVDV-1a, 1b, and BVDV-2 genotypes. In addition, strain-specific protective antigens from disparate BVDV strains were included to broaden coverage. We confirmed that adenovirus constructs expressing these antigens were strongly recognized by monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal sera, and IFN-γ-secreting T cells generated against diverse BVDV strains. In a proof-of-concept efficacy study, the multi-antigen proto-type vaccine induced higher, but not significantly different, IFN-γ spot forming cells and T-cell proliferation compared to a commercial MLV vaccine. In regards to the humoral response, the prototype vaccine induced higher BVDV-1 specific neutralizing antibody titers, whereas the MLV vaccine induced higher BVDV-2 specific neutralizing antibody titers. Following BVDV type 2a (1373) challenge, calves immunized with the proto-type or the MLV vaccine had lower clinical scores compared to naïve controls. These results support the hypothesis that a broadly protective subunit vaccine can be generated using mosaic polypeptides that incorporate rationally selected and validated protective determinants from diverse BVDV strains. Furthermore, regarding biosafety of using a live vector in cattle, we showed that recombinant human adenovirus-5 was cleared within one week following intradermal inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suryakant D. Waghela
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn Bray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Leo M. Njongmeta
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andy Herring
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karim W. Abdelsalam
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Christopher Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shahid N, Daniell H. Plant-based oral vaccines against zoonotic and non-zoonotic diseases. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2079-2099. [PMID: 27442628 PMCID: PMC5095797 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The shared diseases between animals and humans are known as zoonotic diseases and spread infectious diseases among humans. Zoonotic diseases are not only a major burden to livestock industry but also threaten humans accounting for >60% cases of human illness. About 75% of emerging infectious diseases in humans have been reported to originate from zoonotic pathogens. Because antibiotics are frequently used to protect livestock from bacterial diseases, the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of epidemic and zoonotic pathogens is now a major concern. Live attenuated and killed vaccines are the only option to control these infectious diseases and this approach has been used since 1890. However, major problems with this approach include high cost and injectable vaccines is impractical for >20 billion poultry animals or fish in aquaculture. Plants offer an attractive and affordable platform for vaccines against animal diseases because of their low cost, and they are free of attenuated pathogens and cold chain requirement. Therefore, several plant-based vaccines against human and animals diseases have been developed recently that undergo clinical and regulatory approval. Plant-based vaccines serve as ideal booster vaccines that could eliminate multiple boosters of attenuated bacteria or viruses, but requirement of injectable priming with adjuvant is a current limitation. So, new approaches like oral vaccines are needed to overcome this challenge. In this review, we discuss the progress made in plant-based vaccines against zoonotic or other animal diseases and future challenges in advancing this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Joung YH, Park SH, Moon KB, Jeon JH, Cho HS, Kim HS. The Last Ten Years of Advancements in Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Hepatitis B. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1715. [PMID: 27754367 PMCID: PMC5085746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease prevention through vaccination is considered to be the greatest contribution to public health over the past century. Every year more than 100 million children are vaccinated with the standard World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended vaccines including hepatitis B (HepB). HepB is the most serious type of liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), however, it can be prevented by currently available recombinant vaccine, which has an excellent record of safety and effectiveness. To date, recombinant vaccines are produced in many systems of bacteria, yeast, insect, and mammalian and plant cells. Among these platforms, the use of plant cells has received considerable attention in terms of intrinsic safety, scalability, and appropriate modification of target proteins. Research groups worldwide have attempted to develop more efficacious plant-derived vaccines for over 30 diseases, most frequently HepB and influenza. More inspiring, approximately 12 plant-made antigens have already been tested in clinical trials, with successful outcomes. In this study, the latest information from the last 10 years on plant-derived antigens, especially hepatitis B surface antigen, approaches are reviewed and breakthroughs regarding the weak points are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Joung
- School of Biological Sciences & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Se Hee Park
- School of Biological Sciences & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Ki-Beom Moon
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Molecular Biofarming Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Immunisation of Sheep with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus, E2 Protein Using a Freeze-Dried Hollow Silica Mesoporous Nanoparticle Formulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141870. [PMID: 26535891 PMCID: PMC4633290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) is arguably the most important viral disease of cattle. It is associated with reproductive, respiratory and chronic diseases in cattle across the world. In this study we have investigated the capacity of the major immunological determinant of BVDV-1, the E2 protein combined with hollow type mesoporous silica nanoparticles with surface amino functionalisation (HMSA), to stimulate immune responses in sheep. The current work also investigated the immunogenicity of the E2 nanoformulation before and after freeze-drying processes. The optimal excipient formulation for freeze-drying of the E2 nanoformulation was determined to be 5% trehalose and 1% glycine. This excipient formulation preserved both the E2 protein integrity and HMSA particle structure. Sheep were immunised three times at three week intervals by subcutaneous injection with 500 μg E2 adsorbed to 6.2 mg HMSA as either a non-freeze-dried or freeze-dried nanoformulation. The capacity of both nanovaccine formulations to generate humoral (antibody) and cell-mediated responses in sheep were compared to the responses in sheep immunisation with Opti-E2 (500 μg) together with the conventional adjuvant Quil-A (1 mg), a saponin from the Molina tree (Quillaja saponira). The level of the antibody responses detected to both the non-freeze-dried and freeze-dried Opti-E2/HMSA nanoformulations were similar to those obtained for Opti-E2 plus Quil-A, demonstrating the E2 nanoformulations were immunogenic in a large animal, and freeze-drying did not affect the immunogenicity of the E2 antigen. Importantly, it was demonstrated that the long term cell-mediated immune responses were detectable up to four months after immunisation. The cell-mediated immune responses were consistently high in all sheep immunised with the freeze-dried Opti-E2/HMSA nanovaccine formulation (>2,290 SFU/million cells) compared to the non-freeze-dried nanovaccine formulation (213–500 SFU/million cells). This study is the first to demonstrate that a freeze-dried silica mesoporous nanovaccine formulation gives balanced immune responses in a production animal.
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Ruiz V, Mozgovoj MV, Dus Santos MJ, Wigdorovitz A. Plant-produced viral bovine vaccines: what happened during the last 10 years? PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1071-1077. [PMID: 26250843 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has proved to be an efficient strategy to deal with viral infections in both human and animal species. However, protection of cattle against viral infections is still a major concern in veterinary science. During the last two decades, the development of efficient plant-based expression strategies for recombinant proteins prompted the application of this methodology for veterinary vaccine purposes. The main goals of viral bovine vaccines are to improve the health and welfare of cattle and increase the production of livestock, in a cost-effective manner. This review explores some of the more prominent recent advances in plant-made viral bovine vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bluetongue virus (BTV) and bovine papillomavirus (BPV), some of which are considered to be the most important viral causative agents of economic loss in cattle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina V Mozgovoj
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Dus Santos
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Gao Y, Zhao X, Sun C, Zang P, Yang H, Li R, Zhang L. A transgenic ginseng vaccine for bovine viral diarrhea. Virol J 2015; 12:73. [PMID: 25948546 PMCID: PMC4455706 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections are endemic in cattle populations worldwide and cause major economic losses. Thus, an effective vaccine is needed against the transmission of BVDV. The glycoprotein E(rns) is one of the envelope proteins of this virus and shows BVDV-related immunogenicity. Here, we report the use of Panax ginseng as an alternative production platform for the expression of glycoprotein E(rns) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. RESULT Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analyses showed that pBI121-E(rns) was stably integrated into the chromosome of transformants. ELISA assay and Western blot analysis confirmed the antigenicity of plant-derived E(rns) glycoprotein. Immunogenicity was evaluated subcutaneously in deer using a soluble protein extract of dried transgenic ginseng hairy roots. Specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against BVDV were detected following immunization. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that the E(rns) glycoprotein could be expressed in ginseng hairy roots and that plant-derived glycoprotein E(rns) retained its antigenicity and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Xueliang Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- College of AnimCal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yang Ling, 712100, China.
| | - Pu Zang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - He Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Ran Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
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16
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Mucosal Vaccines from Plant Biotechnology. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [PMCID: PMC7158328 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of plants for production of recombinant proteins has evolved over the past 25 years. The first plant-based vaccines were expressed in stably transgenic plants, with the idea to conveniently deliver “edible vaccines” by ingestion of the antigen-containing plant material. These systems provided a proof of concept that oral delivery of vaccines in crude plant material could stimulate antigen-specific serum and mucosal antibodies. Transgenic grains like rice in particular provide a stable and robust vehicle for antigen delivery. However, some issues exist with stably transgenic plants, including relatively low expression levels and regulatory issues. Thus, many recent studies use transient expression with plant viral vectors to achieve rapid high expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, followed by purification of antigen and intranasal delivery for effective stimulation of mucosal immune responses.
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Mody KT, Mahony D, Zhang J, Cavallaro AS, Zhang B, Popat A, Mahony TJ, Yu C, Mitter N. Silica vesicles as nanocarriers and adjuvants for generating both antibody and T-cell mediated immune resposes to Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus E2 protein. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9972-9983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lang Y, Gao S, Du J, Shao J, Cong G, Lin T, Zhao F, Liu L, Chang H. Polymorphic genetic characterization of E2 gene of bovine viral diarrhea virus in China. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:554-559. [PMID: 25465669 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the wide distributed pathogenic viruses of livestock and wild animals worldwide. E2 glycoprotein is a major structural component of the BVDV virion and plays a key role in viral attachment to host cells and inducing immune responses against viral infection. In order to gain detailed information of the E2 coding region of BVDV circulating in China, 46 positive samples were tested by RT-PCR for the E2 coding region. The 1122 nt nucleotide sequences of full-length E2 were harvested and analyzed. The results suggested that full-length E2 was an ideal target for BVDV genotyping and divided the domestic BVDV isolates into 9 subgenotypes, namely BVDV-1a, -1b1, -1c, -1d, -1o, -1m, -1p, -1q and BVDV-2a, showing great diversity. The difference of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates (dN-dS) inferred both positive and purifying selection of the E2. However, combination of positive and purifying selection at different points indicated purifying selection within the complete E2. Protein properties analysis based on glycosylation sites and epitope prediction demonstrated that the biological character of E2 among individual BVDV subgenotype was similar, but may alter due to amino acid changes. For the first time, the comprehensive collection of E2 sequences of Chinese BVDV isolates was elucidated, which would provide information for future vaccine design and BVD control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guozheng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Tong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology, and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
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Mahony D, Cavallaro AS, Mody KT, Xiong L, Mahony TJ, Qiao SZ, Mitter N. In vivo delivery of bovine viral diahorrea virus, E2 protein using hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6617-26. [PMID: 24811899 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Our work focuses on the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a combined delivery vehicle and adjuvant for vaccine applications. Here we present results using the viral protein, E2, from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). BVDV infection occurs in the target species of cattle and sheep herds worldwide and is therefore of economic importance. E2 is a major immunogenic determinant of BVDV and is an ideal candidate for the development of a subunit based nanovaccine using mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Hollow type mesoporous silica nanoparticles with surface amino functionalisation (termed HMSA) were characterised and assessed for adsorption and desorption of E2. A codon-optimised version of the E2 protein (termed Opti-E2) was produced in Escherichia coli. HMSA (120 nm) had an adsorption capacity of 80 μg Opti-E2 per mg HMSA and once bound E2 did not dissociate from the HMSA. Immunisation studies in mice with a 20 μg dose of E2 adsorbed to 250 μg HMSA was compared to immunisation with Opti-E2 (50 μg) together with the traditional adjuvant Quillaja saponaria Molina tree saponins (QuilA, 10 μg). The humoral responses with the Opti-E2/HMSA nanovaccine although slightly lower than those obtained for the Opti-E2 + QuilA group demonstrated that HMSA particles are an effective adjuvant that stimulated E2-specific antibody responses. Importantly the cell-mediated immune responses were consistently high in all mice immunised with Opti-E2/HMSA nanovaccine formulation. Therefore we have shown the Opti-E2/HMSA nanoformulation acts as an excellent adjuvant that gives both T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 mediated responses in a small animal model. This study has provided proof-of-concept towards the development of an E2 subunit nanoparticle based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mahony
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Generation of the bovine viral diarrhea virus e0 protein in transgenic astragalus and its immunogenicity in sika deer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:372503. [PMID: 24963321 PMCID: PMC4054918 DOI: 10.1155/2014/372503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a single-stranded RNA virus, can cause fatal diarrhea syndrome, respiratory problems, and reproductive disorders in herds. Over the past few years, it has become clear that the BVDV infection rates are increasing and it is likely that an effective vaccine for BVDV will be needed. In this study, transgenic Astragalus was used as an alternative productive platform for the expression of glycoprotein E0. The immunogenicity of glycoprotein E0 expressed in transgenic Astragalus was detected in deer. The presence of pBI121-E0 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription was verified by reverse transcription- (RT-) PCR, and recombinant protein expression was confirmed by ELISA and Western blot analyses. Deer that were immunized subcutaneously with the transgenic plant vaccine developed specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against BVDV. This study provides a new method for a protein with weak immunogenicity to be used as part of a transgenic plant vaccine.
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Peréz Aguirreburualde MS, Gómez MC, Ostachuk A, Wolman F, Albanesi G, Pecora A, Odeon A, Ardila F, Escribano JM, Dus Santos MJ, Wigdorovitz A. Efficacy of a BVDV subunit vaccine produced in alfalfa transgenic plants. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 151:315-24. [PMID: 23291101 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is considered an important cause of economic loss within bovine herds worldwide. In Argentina, only the use of inactivated vaccines is allowed, however, the efficacy of inactivated BVDV vaccines is variable due to its low immunogenicity. The use of recombinant subunit vaccines has been proposed as an alternative to overcome this difficulty. Different studies on protection against BVDV infection have focused the E2 protein, supporting its putative use in subunit vaccines. Utilization of transgenic plants expressing recombinant antigens for the formulation of experimental vaccines represents an innovative and cost effective alternative to the classical fermentation systems. The aim of this work was to develop transgenic alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa, L.) expressing a truncated version of the structural protein E2 from BVDV fused to a molecule named APCH, that target to antigen presenting cells (APCH-tE2). The concentration of recombinant APCH-tE2 in alfalfa leaves was 1 μg/g at fresh weight and its expression remained stable after vegetative propagation. A methodology based an aqueous two phases system was standardized for concentration and partial purification of APCH-tE2 from alfalfa. Guinea pigs parentally immunized with leaf extracts developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies. In bovine, the APCH-tE2 subunit vaccine was able to induce BVDV-specific neutralizing antibodies. After challenge, bovines inoculated with 3 μg of APCH-tE2 produced in alfalfa transgenic plants showed complete virological protection.
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