1
|
Bello N, Hudu SA, Alshrari AS, Imam MU, Jimoh AO. Overview of Hepatitis B Vaccine Non-Response and Associated B Cell Amnesia: A Scoping Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:554. [PMID: 39057781 PMCID: PMC11279426 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of the hepatitis B vaccine has achieved tremendous success in eradicating and reducing the burden of hepatitis B infection, which is the main culprit for hepatocellular carcinoma-one of the most fatal malignancies globally. Response to the vaccine is achieved in about 90-95% of healthy individuals and up to only 50% in immunocompromised patients. This review aimed to provide an overview of hepatitis B vaccine non-response, the mechanisms involved, B cell amnesia, and strategies to overcome it. METHODS Databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.org, were used to search and retrieve articles using keywords on hepatitis B vaccine non-response and B cell amnesia. The PRISMA guideline was followed in identifying studies, screening, selection, and reporting of findings. RESULTS A total of 133 studies on hepatitis B vaccine non-response, mechanisms, and prevention/management strategies were included in the review after screening and final selection. Factors responsible for hepatitis B vaccine non-response were found to include genetic, immunological factors, and B cell amnesia in healthy individuals. The genetic factors were sex, HLA haplotypes, and genetic polymorphisms in immune response markers (cytokines). Non-response was common in conditions of immunodeficiency, such as renal failure, haemodialysis, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis C co-infection, and latent hepatitis B infection. Others included diabetes mellitus and HIV infection. The mechanisms involved were impaired immune response by suppression of response (T helper cells) or induced suppression of response (through regulatory B and T cells). DISCUSSION A comprehensive and careful understanding of the patient factors and the nature of the vaccine contributes to developing effective preventive measures. These include revaccination or booster dose, vaccine administration through the intradermal route, and the use of adjuvants in the vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nura Bello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840232, Nigeria;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria
| | - Shuaibu A. Hudu
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840232, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed S. Alshrari
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustapha U. Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840232, Nigeria;
| | - Abdulgafar O. Jimoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840232, Nigeria;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evaluation of a personalized, dose-sparing revaccination strategy in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders. Vaccine 2022; 40:3210-3215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Tejada-Pérez JJ, Vázquez-Vicente JJ, Herrera-Burgos MR, Martín-Martín FG, Parrón-Carreño T, Alarcón-Rodríguez R. Fendrix ® Vaccine Effectiveness in Healthcare Workers Who Are Non-Responsive to Engerix B ® Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030279. [PMID: 33808589 PMCID: PMC8003400 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HBV) is a pathogen virus with transmission mechanisms that include contact with the infected blood or bodily fluids of the infected organism. Nowadays, healthcare workers are one of the most exposed groups to HBV. Conventionally, completing a vaccine series dosage with Engerix B® lowers this risk by providing workers with immunity to the virus. However, through the years, we have encountered nonresponsive health personnel to the Engerix B® vaccine; hence, the Occupational Health Service of Poniente Hospital studied the Fendrix® adjuvanted vaccine as an alternative vaccine to develop immunological responses in healthcare workers who do not respond to vaccination with Engerix B®. In our study, we employed a vaccination schedule with the Fendrix® vaccine, performing serology tests on the cases after the application of each dose. The results obtained showed humoral immunity in 92.3% of the cases, with a remarkable increase in antibody titer after the first doses. These encouraging results support the future inclusion of this vaccine as one possible alternative for the immunization to HBV for healthcare workers nonresponsive to Engerix B®.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Tejada-Pérez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Carr. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Almeria, Spain; (T.P.-C.); (R.A.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan José Vázquez-Vicente
- Risk Prevention Service, Poniente Hospital Entrepreneurial Public Health Agency, Ctra Almerimar, 31, 04700 El Ejido, Almeria, Spain; (J.J.V.-V.); (M.R.H.-B.); (F.G.M.-M.)
| | - María Renée Herrera-Burgos
- Risk Prevention Service, Poniente Hospital Entrepreneurial Public Health Agency, Ctra Almerimar, 31, 04700 El Ejido, Almeria, Spain; (J.J.V.-V.); (M.R.H.-B.); (F.G.M.-M.)
| | - Francisco Gabriel Martín-Martín
- Risk Prevention Service, Poniente Hospital Entrepreneurial Public Health Agency, Ctra Almerimar, 31, 04700 El Ejido, Almeria, Spain; (J.J.V.-V.); (M.R.H.-B.); (F.G.M.-M.)
| | - Tesifón Parrón-Carreño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Carr. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Almeria, Spain; (T.P.-C.); (R.A.-R.)
| | - Raquel Alarcón-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Carr. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Almeria, Spain; (T.P.-C.); (R.A.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vaccination adjuvated against hepatitis B in Spanish National Healthcare System (SNS) workers typed as non-responders to conventional vaccines. Vaccine 2020; 39:554-563. [PMID: 33334613 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
TRIAL DESIGN An interventional, phase 4, single group assignment, without masking (open label), preventive clinical trial was carried out in health workers with biological risk in their tasks, who have been filed as non-responders to conventional vaccination against Hepatitis B. METHODS 67 health workers with biological risk in their tasks, who have been filed as non-responders to conventional vaccination against Hepatitis B, were enrolled in the Clinical Trial. All participants were from 18 years up to 64 years old. INCLUSION CRITERIA NHS workers -including university students doing their internships in health centres dependent on the National Health System (inclusion of students is regulated and limited by specific instructions on labour prevention in each autonomous community)- classified as non-responders. The criteria defining them as non-responders to the conventional hepatitis B vaccine is anti HBsAb titers < 10 mUI/ml following the application of six doses of conventional vaccine at 20 μg doses (two complete guidelines). The objective of this study was to provide Health workers-staff with an additional protection tool against hepatitis B infection, and to evaluate the efficacy of the adjuvanted vaccine in healthy non-responders to conventional hepatitis B vaccine. The primary outcome was the measurement of antibody antiHBs before the first Fendrix® dose and a month after the administration of each dose. Other outcome was collection of adverse effects during administration and all those that could be related to the vaccine and that occur within 30 days after each dose. In this study, only one group was assigned. There was no randomization or masking. RESULTS The participants were recruited between April 13, 2018 and October 31, 2019. 67 participants were enrolled in the Clinical Trial and included the analyses. The primary immunisation consists of 4 separate 0.5 ml doses of Fendrix®, administered at the following schedule: 1 month, 2 months and 6 months from the date of the first dose. Once the positivity was reached in any of the doses, the participant finished the study and was not given the following doses. 68.66% (46 out 67) had a positive response to first dose of Fendrix®. 57.14% (12 out 21) had a positive response to second dose of Fendrix®. 22.22% (2 out 9) had a positive response to third dose of Fendrix and 42.96% (3 out 7) had a positive response to last dose of Fendrix®. Overall, 94.02% (64 out 67) of participants had a positive response to Fendrix®. No serious adverse event occurred. CONCLUSIONS The use of Fendrix®, is a viable vaccine alternative for NHS workers classified as "non-responders". Revaccination of healthy non-responders with Fendrix®, resulted in very high proportions of responders without adverse events. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in the Spanish National Trial Register (REEC), ClinicalTrials.gov and inclusion has been stopped (identifier NCT03410953; EudraCT-number 2016-004991-23). FUNDING GRS 1360/A/16: Call for aid for the financing of research projects in biomedicine, health management and socio-health care to be developed in the centres of the Regional Health Management of Autonomous Community of Castile-Leon. In addition, this work has been supported by the Spanish Platform for Clinical Research and Clinical Trials, SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), funded by the Subdirectorate General for Research Evaluation and Promotion of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), through the project PT13/0002/0039 and project PT17/0017/0023 integrated in the State Plan for R&D&I 2013-2016 and co-financed by and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
Collapse
|
5
|
Ezoe S, Palacpac NMQ, Tetsutani K, Yamamoto K, Okada K, Taira M, Nishida S, Hirata H, Ogata A, Yamada T, Yagi M, Edula JR, Oishi Y, Tougan T, Ishii KJ, Myoui A, Horii T. First-in-human randomised trial and follow-up study of Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage malaria vaccine BK-SE36 with CpG-ODN(K3). Vaccine 2020; 38:7246-7257. [PMID: 33012605 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK-SE36 is blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate that is undergoing clinical trials. Here, the safety and immunogenicity of BK-SE36 with a novel adjuvant, CpG-ODN(K3) (thus, BK-SE36/CpG) was assessed in a phase 1a trial in Japan. METHODS An investigator-initiated, randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study was conducted at Osaka University Hospital with 26 healthy malaria naïve Japanese male adults. The trial was conducted in two stages: Stage/Group 1, half-dose (n = 7 for BK-SE36/CpG and n = 3 for control) and Stage/Group 2, full-dose (n = 11 for BK-SE36/CpG and n = 5 for control). There were two intramuscular vaccinations 21 days apart for both half-dose (0.5 ml: 50 µg SE36 + 500 µg aluminum + 500 µg K3) and full-dose (1.0 ml: 100 µg SE36 + 1000 µg aluminum + 1000 µg K3). A one-year follow-up was done to monitor changes in autoimmune markers and vaccine-induced antibody response. RESULTS BK-SE36/CpG was well tolerated. Vaccination site reactions were similar to those observed with BK-SE36. During the trial and follow-up period, no subject had clinical evidence of autoimmune disease. The full-dose group had significantly higher titres than the half-dose group (Student's t-test, p = 0.002) at 21 days post-second vaccination. Antibody titres remained above baseline values during 12 months of follow-up. The vaccine induced antibody was mostly composed of IgG1 and IgM, and recognised epitopes close to the polyserine region located in the middle of SE36. CONCLUSIONS BK-SE36/CpG has an acceptable safety profile. Use of CpG-ODN(K3) greatly enhanced immunogenicity in malaria naïve Japanese adults when compared to BK-SE36 alone. The utility of BK-SE36/CpG is currently under evaluation in a malaria endemic setting in West Africa. TRIAL REGISTRATION JMACCT Clinical Trial Registry JMA-IIA00109.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Ezoe
- Medical Center for Translational Research, Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Environmental Space Infection Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nirianne Marie Q Palacpac
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohhei Tetsutani
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation/Mockup Vaccine, Center for Vaccine Adjuvant Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kouji Yamamoto
- Data Coordinating Center, Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Okada
- Department of Orthopaedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Taira
- Medical Center for Translational Research, Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamada
- Data Coordinating Center, Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanori Yagi
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jyotheeswara R Edula
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuko Oishi
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tougan
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation/Mockup Vaccine, Center for Vaccine Adjuvant Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Myoui
- Medical Center for Translational Research, Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fabrizi F, Cerutti R, Nardelli L, Tripodi F, Messa P. HBV vaccination with Fendrix is effective and safe in pre-dialysis CKD population. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:49-56. [PMID: 31327620 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease have a poor response to hepatitis B vaccine due to the immunodeficiency conferred from chronic uremia. A recombinant HB vaccine containing an improved adjuvant system AS04 (HBV-AS04) has been manufactured but scarce evidence exists on HBV-AS04 use among patients with CKD. AIM To assess efficacy and safety of an adjuvanted recombinant vaccine (HBV-AS04) in a large cohort of CKD patients at pre-dialysis stage (with susceptibility to HBV infection). METHODS Patients were prospectively enrolled to receive four 20-mcg doses of HBV-AS04 by intramuscular route (deltoid muscle) at months 1, 2, 3, and 4. Anti-HBs surface antibody concentrations were tested at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12months. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess the parameters, which predicted immunologic response to HBV-AS04 vaccine. RESULTS One hundred and seven patients were included and 102 completed the study. At completion of vaccine schedule, the frequency of responders (anti-HBs titers≥10mIU/mL) was 95% (97/102) (mean anti-HBs antibody titers, 688.9±385mIU/mL), according to per-protocol analysis. Serum haemoglobin levels were greater in responder than non- or low-responder patients to HBV-AS04 (P=0.04) and this was confirmed by multivariate analysis. The seroprotection rate at month 50 was 88% (30/34) with lower anti-HBs antibody titers (218.5±269.6mIU/mL, P=0.001). No major side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our prospective study performed in a real-world setting showed a high immunogenicity and safety of HBV-AS04 vaccine in patients with CKD not yet on maintenance dialysis. Studies provided with longer follow-ups are under way to assess the durability of seroprotection in responders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Division of Nephrology, Milan, Italy; Maggiore Hospital and IRCCS Foundation, University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raven SFH, Hoebe CJPA, Vossen ACTM, Visser LG, Hautvast JLA, Roukens AHE, van Steenbergen JE. Serological response to three alternative series of hepatitis B revaccination (Fendrix, Twinrix, and HBVaxPro-40) in healthy non-responders: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, superiority trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 20:92-101. [PMID: 31629649 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological non-response can be present after hepatitis B vaccination in healthy adults. We aimed to establish which of three revaccination regimens is most effective at inducing protective immunity METHODS: Healthy adults (aged 18-80 years) from 16 Dutch centres (13 public health services, two university hospitals, and one travel clinic) were included in this multicentre, parallel group, randomised, controlled, superiority trial. The inclusion criterion was vaccine non-response (hepatitis B surface antibody [anti-HBs] titre <10 IU/L) after a primary series with three doses of one type of recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B virus (either HBVaxPro-10 or Engerix-B at months 0, 1, and 6). Participants were individually randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to a vaccination series of repeated initial vaccination (HBVaxPro 10 μg or Engerix-B 20 μg) as the control, or to Twinrix 20 μg, Fendrix 20 μg, or HBVaxPro 40 μg. We used a web-based randomisation programme, stratified by centre, with a block size of four. Participants and centres were unmasked to assignment after randomisation. Laboratory staff and investigators were masked to vaccine-group assignment. All revaccination schedules were identical, with intramuscular vaccinations at 0, 1, and 2 months. Anti-HBs was measured at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months. The primary outcome was the percentage of responders (anti-HBs titres ≥10 IU/L) at 3 months. Immunogenicity and safety analyses were based on an intention-to-vaccinate analysis, the immunogenicity analysis with last observation carried forward for missing data, and the Bonferroni and the Benjamini-Hochberg method were applied to correct for multiple testing. The trial was registered in the Dutch National Trial Register and inclusion has been stopped (identifier NL3011; EudraCT-number 2011-005627-40). FINDINGS The participants were recruited between Nov 1, 2012, and Sept 1, 2017. 480 participants were randomly assigned and included in intention-to-vaccinate analyses: 124 (26%) to control, 118 (25%) to Twinrix, 114 (24%) to HBVaxPro-40, and 124 (26%) to Fendrix. At month 3 the percentage of responders was 83 (67%) of 124 (95% CI 57·9-75·1 in the control group, 94 (80%) of the 118 (71·3-86·5) in the Twinrix group, 95 (83%) of 114 (75·2-89·7) in the HBVaxPro-40 group, and 108 (87%) of 124 (79·9-92·4) in the Fendrix group. Compared with the control group, the percentage of responders was superior for the HBVaxPro-40 group (adjusted difference 21·6% [95% CI 10·4-32·7], p=0·0204 [Bonferroni corrected p value]) and the Fendrix group (26·3% [15·4-37·3], p=0·0006), but not the Twinrix group (25·0% [13·0-37·0]; p=0·0846). One serious adverse event occurred (herpes zoster ophthalmicus) in the Fendrix group, which was not attributed to the vaccine. INTERPRETATION Revaccinating healthy non-responders with Fendrix or HBVaxPro-40 resulted in significantly higher proportions of responders and therefore indication for these vaccines should be expanded to enable revaccination of non-responders. FUNDING National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn F H Raven
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Public Health Service West Brabant, Breda, Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Christian J P A Hoebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Netherlands
| | - Ann C T M Vossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Leo G Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeannine L A Hautvast
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anna H E Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jim E van Steenbergen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with HIV have a poor serological conversion rate with the standard vaccination strategy against hepatitis B virus (HBV) of around 50%. Vaccination with Fendrix confers much better results in these patients. In this study, we tested the effect of revaccination with Fendrix in prior nonresponding patients with HIV and aimed to determine which factors are associated with seroconversion. METHODS Eight Dutch HIV treatment centers participated in this retrospective study. Patients infected with HIV-1 and nonresponding to prior course of vaccination against HBV (anti-HBs <10 IU/ml) and who had Fendrix as a second, third or fourth effort to achieve seroconversion were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients with seroconversion after revaccination with Fendrix. Univariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine which factors could be used as predictors for seroconversions. RESULTS We included 100 patients with HIV. The mean age was 47.3 (±11.0) years and 86% were men. Revaccination with Fendrix showed a seroconversion rate of 81% (95% confidence interval 72-88%). Median nadir CD4+ cell count was 300 (20-1040) cells/μl and median CD4+ cell count at the time at starting vaccination with Fendrix was 605 (210-1190) cells/μl. Regression analyses showed no significant factor associated with seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS Revaccination with Fendrix of patients prior nonresponding to other hepatitis B vaccination strategies has a high success rate. Eighty-one percentage responded with seroconversion, irrespective of CD4+ cell count.
Collapse
|
9
|
Geretti AM, Brook G, Cameron C, Chadwick D, French N, Heyderman R, Ho A, Hunter M, Ladhani S, Lawton M, MacMahon E, McSorley J, Pozniak A, Rodger A. British HIV Association Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines in HIV-Positive Adults 2015. HIV Med 2018; 17 Suppl 3:s2-s81. [PMID: 27568789 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Geretti
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Lawton
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eithne MacMahon
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anton Pozniak
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trivin-Avillach C, Thervet É. [Immunizations for patients with kidney disease]. Nephrol Ther 2018; 15:233-240. [PMID: 29887267 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant infectious complications leading to adverse health outcomes. This increased susceptibility to infection can be related to the nephropathy itself as observed in nephrotic syndrome, to the treatment especially in situations requiring immunosuppressive drugs or related to dialysis. Despite a less effective response to vaccination, some data emphasize similar benefits from immunization among people with CKD to the general population. However, some situations encountered in nephrology require adaptation of immunization practices. The aim of this review is to provide a synthesis of the existing guidelines for immunization in the field of nephrology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Éric Thervet
- Service de néphrologie, université Paris-Descartes, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Martinez-Gil L, Goff PH, Tan GS. The Role of Self-Assembling Lipid Molecules in Vaccination. ADVANCES IN BIOMEMBRANES AND LIPID SELF-ASSEMBLY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7147077 DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of vaccines represents one of the most significant advances in medical history. The protection provided by vaccines has greatly contributed in reducing the number of cases of infections and most notably to the eradication of small pox. A large number of new technologies and approaches in vaccine development are currently being investigated with the goal of providing the basis for the next generation of prophylactics against an ever-expanding list of emerging and reemerging pathogens. In this chapter, we will focus on the role of lipids and lipid self-assembling vesicles in new and promising vaccination approaches. We will start by describing how lipids can induce activation of the innate immune system and focus on some lipid-derived vaccine adjuvants. Next, we will review current lipid-based self-assembling particles used as vaccine platforms, specifically liposomes and virus-like particles, and how virus-like particles have facilitated research of highly pathogenic viruses such as Ebola.
Collapse
|
12
|
Vogt LM, Elderman ME, Borghuis T, de Haan BJ, Faas MM, de Vos P. Chain length-dependent effects of inulin-type fructan dietary fiber on human systemic immune responses against hepatitis-B. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28586162 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE In vivo studies demonstrating that only specific dietary-fibers contribute to immunity are still inconclusive, as measuring immune effects in healthy humans remains difficult. We applied a relatively inefficacious vaccination-challenge to study chain length-dependent effects of inulin-type fructan (ITF) dietary fibers on human immunity. METHODS AND RESULTS ITFs with two different 'degree of polymerization-' (DP)-profiles were tested in vitro for effects on PBMC-cytokines and TLR2 activation. In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 40 healthy volunteers (18-29 years) were divided into three groups and supplemented from day 1 to day 14 with DP10-60 ITF, DP2-25 ITF (both n = 13), or fructose placebo (n = 14), 8 g/day. On day 7, all volunteers were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Anti-HbsAg-titer development and lymphocyte subsets were studied. In vitro, DP10-60 ITFs stimulated a Th1-like cytokine profile and stimulated TLR2 more strongly than DP2-25 ITFs. In vivo, DP10-60 increased anti-HBsAg titers, Th1-cells, and transitional B-cells. Both ITFs increased CD45ROhi CTLs at day 35, and CD161+ cytokine producing NK-cells at day 21 and 35. CONCLUSION Support of immunity is determined by the chain length of ITFs. Only long-chain ITFs support immunity against pathogenic hepB-epitopes introduced by vaccination. Our findings demonstrate that specific dietary fibers need to be selected for immunity support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M Vogt
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies E Elderman
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Borghuis
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Van Den Ende C, Marano C, Van Ahee A, Bunge EM, De Moerlooze L. The immunogenicity and safety of GSK’s recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in adults: a systematic review of 30 years of experience. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:811-832. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1338568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayla Van Ahee
- Pallas Health Research and Consultancy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline M. Bunge
- Pallas Health Research and Consultancy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alanko Blomé M, Björkman P, Flamholc L, Jacobsson H, Widell A. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus among people who inject drugs - A 20year experience from a Swedish needle exchange program. Vaccine 2016; 35:84-90. [PMID: 27894721 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who inject drugs (PWID) are at particular risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) acquisition, but often have poor access or adherence to HBV vaccination. Vaccination against HBV has been offered at a major Swedish needle exchange program (NEP) since 1994. The aim of this study was to evaluate vaccine completion and response rates, and the effect of sequential booster doses to non-responders to the standard vaccination schedule. METHODS PWID enrolled in the NEP 1994-2013, without serological markers for HBV at baseline (negative for HBsAg/anti-HBc/anti-HBs), were offered a three-dose standard intramuscular vaccination schedule (Engerix®-B, GSK, 20μg/mL, intended to be received at months 0, 1 and 6). Vaccination response was defined as protective levels of anti-HBs (⩾10mIU/mL). Up to three booster doses were then offered for non-responders, each followed by anti-HBs testing. RESULTS HBV data was available for 2352 identifiable individuals at NEP enrolment, of whom 1516 (64.5%) had no markers for previous HBV exposure or vaccination. Vaccination was initiated for 1142 (75.3%) individuals and 898 (59.2%) completed the standard vaccination schedule. Post-vaccination anti-HBs levels were available from 800 individuals, with 598 (74.8%) responding to the basic vaccination schedule. After up to three booster doses a total of 676 (84.5%) individuals achieved protective anti-HBs levels. Non-response to vaccination was associated with higher age and anti-HCV positivity (p<0.001). Eighteen incident cases of HBV infection were observed among vaccine non-responders, as well as 30 cases among those who had not completed vaccination. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the feasibility of including HBV vaccination in the services offered by a NEP, with completion of vaccination in a majority of HBV-susceptible PWID. The response to HBV vaccination among PWID was relatively low; however, the addition of up to three booster doses improved the response rate from 74.8 to 84.5%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alanko Blomé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Infectious Disease Research Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Björkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Infectious Disease Research Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Flamholc
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Infectious Disease Research Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Jacobsson
- Research and Development Center Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Widell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Virology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zou H, Wang WK, Liu YL, Braddock M, Zheng MH, Huang DS. Toll-like receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma: potential novel targets for pharmacological intervention. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1127-35. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1168809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
16
|
Brook G, Bhagani S, Kulasegaram R, Torkington A, Mutimer D, Hodges E, Hesketh L, Farnworth S, Sullivan V, Gore C, Devitt E, Sullivan AK. United Kingdom National Guideline on the Management of the viral hepatitides A, B and C 2015. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 27:501-25. [PMID: 26745988 DOI: 10.1177/0956462415624250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Brook
- London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Mutimer
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Louise Hesketh
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Farnworth
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Emma Devitt
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ann K Sullivan
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
A systematic review and meta-analysis of management options for adults who respond poorly to hepatitis B vaccination. Vaccine 2015; 33:6564-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
18
|
Gu J, Sun R, Shen S, Yu Z. The influence of TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharides on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the feasibility of its application in treating liver cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2215-25. [PMID: 26345468 PMCID: PMC4551308 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s86536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to explore the influence of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on liver cancer cell and the feasibility to perform liver cancer adjuvant therapy. METHODS Human liver cancer cell lines HepG2, H7402, and PLC/PRF/5 were taken as models, and the expression of TLRs mRNA was detected by real time-polymerase chain reaction method semiquantitatively. WST-1 method was used to detect the influence of LPS on the proliferation ability of liver cancer cells; propidium iodide (PI) single staining and Annexin V/PI double staining were used to test the influence of LPS on the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively, on human liver cancer cell line H7402. Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot method were used to determine the change of expression of Cyclin D1. RESULTS The results demonstrated that most TLRs were expressed in liver cancer cells; stimulating TLR4 by LPS could upregulate TLR4 mRNA and the protein level, activate NF-κB signaling pathway downstream of TLR4, and mediate the generation of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α; LPS was found to be able to strengthen the proliferation ability of liver cancer cells, especially H7402 cells; the expression of Cyclin D1 rose and H7402 cells were promoted to transit from G1 stage to S stage under the stimulation of LPS, but cell apoptosis was not affected. It was also found that LPS was able to activate signal transducer and activator of transcription -3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in H7402 cells and meanwhile significantly increase the initiation activity of STAT3; proliferation promoting effect of LPS to liver cancer cells remarkably lowered once STAT3 was blocked or inhibited. CONCLUSION Thus, TLR4 agonist LPS is proved to be able to induce liver cancer cells to express inflammation factors and mediate liver cancer cell proliferation and generation of multidrug resistance by activating the cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin signal axis as well as the STAT3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Public health vaccination guidelines cannot be easily transferred to elite athletes. An enhanced benefit from preventing even mild diseases is obvious but stronger interference from otherwise minor side effects has to be considered as well. Thus, special vaccination guidelines for adult elite athletes are required. In most of them, protection should be strived for against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, influenza, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, mumps and varicella. When living or traveling to endemic areas, the athletes should be immune against tick-borne encephalitis, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, poliomyelitis, typhoid fever, and meningococcal disease. Vaccination against pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae type b is only relevant in athletes with certain underlying disorders. Rubella and papillomavirus vaccination might be considered after an individual risk–benefit analysis. Other vaccinations such as cholera, rabies, herpes zoster, and Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) cannot be universally recommended for athletes at present. Only for a very few diseases, a determination of antibody titers is reasonable to avoid unnecessary vaccinations or to control efficacy of an individual’s vaccination (especially for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, hepatitis B and, partly, hepatitis A). Vaccinations should be scheduled in a way that possible side effects are least likely to occur in periods of competition. Typically, vaccinations are well tolerated by elite athletes, and resulting antibody titers are not different from the general population. Side effects might be reduced by an optimal selection of vaccines and an appropriate technique of administration. Very few discipline-specific considerations apply to an athlete’s vaccination schedule mainly from the competition and training pattern as well as from the typical geographical distribution of competitive sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Gärtner
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Building 43, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany,
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Grzegorzewska AE. Prophylactic vaccinations in chronic kidney disease: Current status. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2599-605. [PMID: 25911956 PMCID: PMC4685704 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1034915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent data on results concerning prophylactic vaccinations against hepatitis B virus, influenza viruses, and pneumococci are presented. Effects of active immunization in chronic kidney disease depend on category of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The lower GFR category the better results of response to vaccination. Abnormalities in toll-like receptors and down-regulation of B-cell activating factor receptor in transitional B cells were recently included into uremia-associated deficits in immunocompetence. Development of novel, more potent vaccines containing toll-like receptor agonists as adjuvants may help to achieve more effective immunization against hepatitis B virus in immunocompromised patients. Experimental studies announce further vaccine adjuvants. A vaccine against hepatitis C virus is not available yet, but promising results were already obtained in the experimental and preliminary clinical studies. Prophylactic vaccinations against influenza viruses and pneumococci become increasingly popular in dialysis facilities due to their proved benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja E Grzegorzewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Diseases; Poznań University of Medical Sciences; Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zaffina S, Marcellini V, Santoro AP, Scarsella M, Camisa V, Vinci MR, Musolino AM, Nicolosi L, Rosado MM, Carsetti R. Repeated vaccinations do not improve specific immune defenses against Hepatitis B in non-responder health care workers. Vaccine 2014; 32:6902-6910. [PMID: 25444815 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a major infectious occupational hazard for health care workers and can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine. The serum titer of anti-HBsAg antibodies is the most commonly used correlate of protection and post-vaccination anti-HBsAg concentrations of ≥ 10 mIU/ml are considered protective. Subjects with post-vaccination anti-HBsAg titers of <10 mIU/ml 1-6 months post-vaccination, who tested negative for HBsAg and anti-HBc, are defined as non-responders. The question of whether non-responders should be repeatedly vaccinated is still open. The aim of the study was to (i) evaluate the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and the percentage of HBsAg-specific memory B cells in responders and non-responders (ii) assess whether non-responders can be induced to produce antibodies after administration of a booster dose of vaccine (iii) determine whether booster vaccination increases the number of specific memory B cells in non-responders. Combining flow-cytometry, ELISPOT and serology we tested the integrity and function of the immune system in 24 health care workers, confirmed to be non-responders after at least three vaccine injections. We compared the results with those obtained in 21 responders working in the same institution. We found that the great majority of the non-responders had a functional immune system and a preserved ability to respond to other conventional antigens. Our most important findings are that the frequency of HBsAg-specific memory B cells is comparable in non-responders and controls and that booster immunization does not lead either to antibody production or memory B cell increase in non-responders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Zaffina
- Health Technology Assessment & Safety Research Unit and Occupational Medicine Service, Department of Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Marcellini
- Immunology Unit, Immunology and Pharmacotherapy Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Santoro
- Health Technology Assessment & Safety Research Unit and Occupational Medicine Service, Department of Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Scarsella
- Immunology Unit, Immunology and Pharmacotherapy Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Camisa
- Health Technology Assessment & Safety Research Unit and Occupational Medicine Service, Department of Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Vinci
- Health Technology Assessment & Safety Research Unit and Occupational Medicine Service, Department of Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Musolino
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Department of Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - Luciana Nicolosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy
| | - M Manuela Rosado
- Immunology Unit, Immunology and Pharmacotherapy Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy.
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Immunology Unit, Immunology and Pharmacotherapy Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy; Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCSS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grzegorzewska AE. Hepatitis B vaccination in chronic kidney disease patients: a call for novel vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1317-26. [PMID: 25148051 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.944508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The protective immunization rates in response to hepatitis B vaccination in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are lower than response rates in the general population because of genetic and CKD-related factors as well as logistic problems with a proper providing of the recommended vaccination schedules. This review focuses on third-generation vaccines and adjuvanted vaccines commercially introduced in some countries, investigated in clinical trials, especially involving CKD patients or used only in the experimental studies. In order to improve the immunization rate, the use of third-generation vaccines (yeast-derived pre-S2/S HBV vaccines, mammalian cell-derived pre-S2/S HBV vaccines, mammalian cell-derived pre-S1/pre-S2/S HBV vaccines), novel adjuvants (AS04, AS02, phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide, hemokinin-1, a polysaccharide based on delta inulin, nano-complex Hep-c, cyclic diguanylate) or immunostimulants for enhancement of immunogenicity of existing recombinant hepatitis B vaccines is tried to improve results of hepatitis B vaccination prior to dialysis commencement or already on renal replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja E Grzegorzewska
- Chair and Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases Poznań University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 60-355 Poznań, 49 Przybyszewskiego Blvd Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
High non-responsiveness of males and the elderly to standard hepatitis B vaccination among a large cohort of healthy employees. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:262-4. [PMID: 23895931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus infection is a major health problem. Although non-response is known to increase with age, hepatitis B vaccinations are considered to have only minor non-response rates (anti-HBs<10IU/L) in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to quantify immunosenescence in a large retrospective cohort of 11,439 healthy adults who received HBV immunisation according to the standard vaccination regime. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated the response to the standard three-dose vaccination regimen, consisting of 20-μg doses of the HbsAg recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine, among 11,439 healthy employees using a retrospective cohort design. Logistic regression was applied to predict the non-response rate, and multivariate regression analysis was applied to predict antibody response. Predictors of responsiveness included sex, age and time between the last vaccination and antibody titre measurement. RESULTS From the age of 29 on in men and 43 on in women, more than 5% of subjects did not respond. Compared with women, men had a higher risk of non-response and exhibited a steeper decline in antibody titres produced with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective cohort study demonstrates that immunosenescence starts at young age, especially among men, underlining the importance of vaccination at a young age to achieve long-lasting immunity. Moreover, HBV vaccination should always include testing for antibodies to facilitate the performance of necessary interventions to prevent long-term fatal complications.
Collapse
|
24
|
Halperin SA, Ward BJ, Dionne MS, Langley JM, McNeil SA, Smith B, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Heyward WL, Martin JT. Immunogenicity of an investigational hepatitis B vaccine (hepatitis B surface antigen co-administered with an immunostimulatory phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide) in nonresponders to licensed hepatitis B vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1438-44. [DOI: 10.4161/hv.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|