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Adjuvants for swine vaccines: Mechanisms of actions and adjuvant effects. Vaccine 2020; 38:6659-6681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Aitken EH, Mahanty S, Rogerson SJ. Antibody effector functions in malaria and other parasitic diseases: a few needles and many haystacks. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:264-275. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine The Doherty Institute The University of Melbourne 792 Elizabeth Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Siddhartha Mahanty
- Department of Medicine The Doherty Institute The University of Melbourne 792 Elizabeth Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine The Doherty Institute The University of Melbourne 792 Elizabeth Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
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Poudel I, Sah K, Subedi S, Kumar Singh D, Kushwaha P, Colston A, Gauci CG, Donadeu M, Lightowlers MW. Implementation of a practical and effective pilot intervention against transmission of Taenia solium by pigs in the Banke district of Nepal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006838. [PMID: 30802248 PMCID: PMC6405169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium is a zoonotic cestode parasite which causes human neurocysticercosis. Pigs transmit the parasite by acting as the intermediate host. An intervention was implemented to control transmission of T. solium by pigs in Dalit communities of Banke District, Nepal. Every 3 months, pigs were vaccinated with the TSOL18 recombinant vaccine (Cysvax, IIL, India)) and, at the same time, given an oral treatment with 30mg/kg oxfendazole (Paranthic 10% MCI, Morocco). The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was determined in both an intervention area as well as a similar no intervention control area, among randomly selected, slaughter-age pigs. Post mortem assessments were undertaken both at the start and at the end of the intervention. Participants conducting the post mortem assessments were blinded as to the source of the animals being assessed. At the start of the intervention the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was 23.6% and 34.5% in the control and intervention areas, respectively. Following the intervention, the prevalence of cysticercosis in pigs from the control area was 16.7% (no significant change), whereas no infection was detected after complete slicing of all muscle tissue and brain in animals from the intervention area (P = 0.004). These findings are discussed in relation to the feasibility and sustainability of T. solium control. The 3-monthly vaccination and drug treatment intervention in pigs used here is suggested as an effective and practical method for reducing T. solium transmission by pigs. The results suggest that applying the intervention over a period of years may ultimately reduce the number of tapeworm carriers and thereby the incidence of NCC. Neurocysticercosis is a disease caused by a parasitic infection of the brain. The parasite responsible, Taenia solium, is transmitted by pigs where human sanitation is poor and pigs roam freely. Neurocysticercosis is responsible for many cases of epilepsy in people living in poor, developing countries. The feasibility and sustainability of implementing control measures have been major impediments to reducing the incidence of neurocysticercosis. Recently, two new commercial products have become available which together offer the possibility of interrupting the parasite’s transmission by pigs–the TSOL18 vaccine (Cysvax, IIL, India) and an oxfendazole formulation (Paranthic 10%, MCI, Morocco) licensed for use in pigs for the treatment of cysticercosis. Here we describe the impact of implementing vaccination plus drug treatment of pigs in the Banke district of Nepal. The intervention eliminated the risk of transmission of T. solium by the animals vaccinated and treated during the trial. Application of the vaccination and drug treatment program used here, possibly with strategic use of anthelmintics also in the human population, is an effective option for reducing the incidence of neurocysticercosis in Nepal and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishab Poudel
- Heifer International, Kathmandu, Nepal
- * E-mail: (IP); (MWL)
| | | | | | - Dinesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Clinics (HOD), Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur Campus, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Peetambar Kushwaha
- GALVmed, Unit 118 & 120 B, Jasola District Centre, Jasola, New Delhi, India
| | - Angela Colston
- GALVmed, Galana Plaza, Galana Road, Kilimani, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charles G. Gauci
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria, Australia
| | - Meritxell Donadeu
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria, Australia
| | - Marshall W. Lightowlers
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (IP); (MWL)
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Charerntantanakul W, Pongjaroenkit S. Co-administration of saponin quil A and PRRSV-1 modified-live virus vaccine up-regulates gene expression of type I interferon-regulated gene, type I and II interferon, and inflammatory cytokines and reduces viremia in response to PRRSV-2 challenge. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 205:24-34. [PMID: 30458999 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a devastating virus which suppresses the expression of type I and II interferons (IFNs) as well as several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous study reported that saponin quil A had a potential to up-regulate the expression of type I IFN-regulated genes and type I and II IFNs in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) inoculated with PRRSV. The present study evaluated the immunostimulatory effect of quil A on potentiating cross protective immunity of PRRSV-1 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against PRRSV-2 challenge. Twenty-four 4-week-old PRRSV-seronegative pigs were divided into four groups of six pigs. Group 1 and group 2 pigs were vaccinated with PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine at 0 dpv (day post vaccination), and additionally group 2 pigs were injected intramuscularly with quil A at -1, 0, 1 dpv. Group 3 pigs were injected with PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine solvent at 0 dpv and served as challenge control, while group 4 pigs served as strict control. Group 1-3 pigs were challenged intranasally with PRRSV-2 at 28 dpv and immune and clinical parameters were observed from 0 until 49 dpv. Group 1 pigs showed significantly reduced PRRSV viremia, number of viremic pigs, and clinical scores, and significantly improved average daily weight gain (ADWG), compared to group 3 pigs. Group 2 pigs showed significantly increased mRNA expressions of interferon regulatory factor 3, 2'-5'-oligoadenylatesynthetase 1, osteopontin, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, compared to group 1 pigs. The animals demonstrated significantly reduced PRRSV viremia and number of viremic pigs, but did not demonstrate any further improved PRRSV-specific antibody levels, neutralizing antibody titers, rectal temperature, clinical scores, and ADWG as compared to group 1 pigs. Our findings suggest that quil A up-regulates type I IFN-regulated gene, type I and II IFNs, and inflammatory cytokine expressions which may contribute to further reducing PRRSV viremia and number of viremic pigs which were conferred by PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine. Our findings also suggest that quil A may serve as an effective immunostimulator for potentiating cell-mediated immune defense to PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasin Charerntantanakul
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
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Charerntantanakul W, Fabros D. Saponin Quil A up-regulates type I interferon-regulated gene and type I and II interferon expressions which are suppressed by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 195:76-83. [PMID: 29249322 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) suppresses innate immune response following infection of myeloid antigen-presenting cells. Poor innate immune response results in weak and delayed PRRSV-specific adaptive immunity, and facilitates PRRSV replication, pathogenesis, and persistent infection. Numerous efforts have been made to enhance the effective innate and adaptive immune defenses to PRRSV, however, only a few attempts have so far elicited satisfactory results. The present study aims to evaluate in vitro the potential of saponin quil A to enhance the expression of type I interferon (IFN)-regulated gene, type I and II IFNs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in PRRSV-inoculated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Naïve PBMC from four PRRSV-seronegative pigs were inoculated with PRRSV and subsequently stimulated with quil A in the absence or presence of either polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mRNA expression levels of myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, 2'-5'-oligoadenylatesynthetase 1 (OAS1), stimulator of interferon genes (STING), osteopontin (OPN), IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) were evaluated by real-time PCR. Compared with uninoculated PBMC, PRRSV significantly suppressed expression of all immune parameters except IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, and TGFβ. When compared with PRRSV-inoculated PBMC, stimulation with quil A significantly enhanced Mx1, IRF3, IRF7, OAS1, STING, IFNβ, and IFNγ mRNA expressions, and significantly reduced TGFβ mRNA expression. Our findings thus suggest that quil A has a potential to up-regulate the expression of type I IFN-regulated gene and type I and II IFNs which are suppressed by PRRSV. Therefore, it may serve as an effective immunostimulator for potentiating the innate immune defense to PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dante Fabros
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
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Porcine Dendritic Cells as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Immunological Behaviour of Streptococcus suis Subunit Vaccine Formulations and the Polarizing Effect of Adjuvants. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6010013. [PMID: 28327531 PMCID: PMC5371901 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vitro porcine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) culture was developed as a model for evaluating immune polarization induced by adjuvants when administered with immunogens that may become vaccine candidates if appropriately formulated. The swine pathogen Streptococcus suis was chosen as a prototype to evaluate proposed S. suis vaccine candidates in combination with the adjuvants Poly I:C, Quil A ®, Alhydrogel ®, TiterMax Gold ® and Stimune ®. The toll-like receptor ligand Poly I:C and the saponin Quil A ® polarized swine DC cytokines towards a type 1 phenotype, with preferential production of IL-12 and TNF-α. The water-in-oil adjuvants TiterMax Gold ® and Stimune ® favoured a type 2 profile as suggested by a marked IL-6 release. In contrast, Alhydrogel ® induced a type 1/type 2 mixed cytokine profile. The antigen type differently modified the magnitude of the adjuvant effect, but overall polarization was preserved. This is the first comparative report on swine DC immune activation by different adjuvants. Although further swine immunization studies would be required to better characterize the induced responses, the herein proposed in vitro model is a promising approach that helps assessing behaviour of the vaccine formulation rapidly at the pre-screening stage and will certainly reduce numbers of animals used while advancing vaccinology science.
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Gripper LB, Welburn SC. Neurocysticercosis infection and disease-A review. Acta Trop 2017; 166:218-224. [PMID: 27880878 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic disease of the human central nervous system (CNS), a pleomorphic disease with a diverse array of clinical manifestations. The infection is pleomorphic and dependent on a complex range of interconnecting factors, including number and size of the cysticerci, their stage of development and localisation within the brain with resulting difficulties in accurate diagnosis and staging of the disease. This review examines the factors that contribute to the accurate assessment of NCC distribution and transmission that are critical to achieving robust disease burden calculations. Control and prevention of T. solium transmission should be a key priority in global health as intervention can reduce the substantial healthcare and economic burdens inflicted by both NCC and taeniasis. Surveillance systems need to be better established, including implementing obligatory notification of cases. In the absence of reliable estimates of its global burden, NCC will remain-along with other endemic zoonoses, of low priority in the eyes of funding agencies-a truly neglected disease.
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Wu HW, Ito A, Ai L, Zhou XN, Acosta LP, Lee Willingham A. Cysticercosis/taeniasis endemicity in Southeast Asia: Current status and control measures. Acta Trop 2017; 165:121-132. [PMID: 26802488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic zoonoses cysticercosis/taeniasis is among the 17 major Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) identified by the WHO as a focus for research and control. It is caused by a larval stage (cysticercus) infection of Taenia solium tapeworm in both humans and pigs. Cysticercosis occurs in many resource-poor countries, especially those with warm and mild climates in the regions of Latin America (LA), Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevalence of human cysticercosis is marked in those areas where individuals are traditionally keen to consume raw or insufficiently cooked pork and/or where the husbandry of pigs is improper. The worldwide burden of cysticercosis is unclear and notably, large-scale control initiatives are lacking in all regions. This review focuses on the current endemic status of cysticercosis caused by T. solium infection in both humans and pigs living in 13 Southeast Asian countries. We will also emphasize epidemiological data as well as prevention and control of human neurocysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Wu
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Lin Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luz P Acosta
- Department of Immunology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Arve Lee Willingham
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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Monreal-Escalante E, Govea-Alonso DO, Hernández M, Cervantes J, Salazar-González JA, Romero-Maldonado A, Rosas G, Garate T, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Rosales-Mendoza S. Towards the development of an oral vaccine against porcine cysticercosis: expression of the protective HP6/TSOL18 antigen in transgenic carrots cells. PLANTA 2016; 243:675-685. [PMID: 26613600 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Taenia solium HP6/TSOL18 antigen was produced in carrot cells, yielding an immunogenic protein that induced significant protection in an experimental murine model against T. crassiceps cysticercosis when orally administered. This result supports the potential of HP6/TSOL18-carrot as a low-cost anti-cysticercosis vaccine candidate. Cysticercosis is a zoonosis caused by Taenia solium that can be prevented by interrupting the parasite life cycle through pig vaccination. Several injectable vaccine candidates have been reported, but the logistic difficulties and costs for its application limited its use in nationwide control programs. Oral plant-based vaccines can deal with this limitation, because of their easy administration and low cost. A stable expression of the HP6/TSOL18 anti-T. solium cysticercosis protective antigen in carrot calli transformed with an optimized transgene is herein reported. An antigen accumulation up to 14 µg g(-1) of dry-weight biomass was achieved in the generated carrot lines. Mouse immunization with one of the transformed calli induced both specific IgG and IgA anti-HP6/TSOL18 antibodies. A statistically significant reduction in the expected number of T. crassiceps cysticerci was observed in mice orally immunized with carrot-made HP6/TSOL18, in a similar extent to that obtained by subcutaneous immunization with recombinant HP6/TSOL18 protein. In this study, a new oral plant-made version of the HP6/TSOL18 anti-cysticercosis vaccine is reported. The vaccine candidate should be further tested against porcine cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Dania O Govea-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Dpto. Inmunología. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jacquelynne Cervantes
- Dpto. Inmunología. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jorge A Salazar-González
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Andrea Romero-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Teresa Garate
- Dpto. de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Dpto. Inmunología. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Dpto. Inmunología. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Wandra T, Swastika K, Dharmawan NS, Purba IE, Sudarmaja IM, Yoshida T, Sako Y, Okamoto M, Eka Diarthini NLP, Sri Laksemi DAA, Yanagida T, Nakao M, Ito A. The present situation and towards the prevention and control of neurocysticercosis on the tropical island, Bali, Indonesia. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:148. [PMID: 25881045 PMCID: PMC4356148 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is caused by accidental ingestion of eggs of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, was common in Bali, Indonesia until the early 1990s. However, improved education on hygiene and sanitation, a move to keeping pigs indoors, and improvement of economic and living conditions have substantially reduced the occurrence of NCC in Bali. Since 2011, T. solium tapeworm carriers (T. solium taeniasis) and heavily infected pigs and dogs have exclusively been detected from villages in mountainous regions of northeastern Bali where NCC and ocular cysticercosis (OCC) cases have also been identified. In response to this continued area of high infection, a one-day workshop was convened to discuss how to prevent and control this potentially lethal zoonotic parasitic infection in Bali. This review presents an overview of the current status of T. solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in Indonesia and proposes a strategy for the prevention and control of this zoonosis in Bali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Wandra
- Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
| | - Kadek Swastika
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
- Section of Wildlife Diversity, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Nyoman S Dharmawan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | | | - I Made Sudarmaja
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Takahiko Yoshida
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Sako
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Munehiro Okamoto
- Section of Wildlife Diversity, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Yanagida
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Minoru Nakao
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo H, Porphyre V, Jambou R. Control of cysticercosis in Madagascar: beware of the pitfalls. Trends Parasitol 2013; 29:538-47. [PMID: 24145061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Taenia solium cysticercosis is a zoonosis of public health importance in areas where the disease is endemic, with significant economic impacts on human health and the swine industry. Several gaps remain in the epidemiology of the parasite and the strategies of control in developing countries. We detail the key factors to consider in Madagascar in terms of the porcine husbandry system, Taenia transmission cycle, and diagnosis of cysticercosis in pigs, in order to better estimate the sanitary and economic impacts of this parasitic disease as well as to define an integrated control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harentsoaniaina Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo
- FOFIFA, Département de Recherches Zootechniques et Vétérinaires, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Département Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Arana Y, Verastegui M, Tuero I, Grandjean L, Garcia HH, Gilman RH. Characterization of the carbohydrate components of Taenia solium oncosphere proteins and their role in the antigenicity. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:3569-78. [PMID: 23982308 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the carbohydrate composition of Taenia solium whole oncosphere antigens (WOAs), in order to improve the understanding of the antigenicity of the T. solium. Better knowledge of oncosphere antigens is crucial to accurately diagnose previous exposure to T. solium eggs and thus predict the development of neurocysticercosis. A set of seven lectins conjugates with wide carbohydrate specificity were used on parasite fixations and somatic extracts. Lectin fluorescence revealed that D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues were the most abundant constituents of carbohydrate chains on the surface of T. solium oncosphere. Lectin blotting showed that posttranslational modification with N-glycosylation was abundant while little evidence of O-linked carbohydrates was observed. Chemical oxidation and enzymatic deglycosylation in situ were performed to investigate the immunoreactivity of the carbohydrate moieties. Linearizing or removing the carbohydrate moieties from the protein backbones did not diminish the immunoreactivity of these antigens, suggesting that a substantial part of the host immune response against T. solium oncosphere is directed against the peptide epitopes on the parasite antigens. Finally, using carbohydrate probes, we demonstrated for the first time that the presence of several lectins on the surface of the oncosphere was specific to carbohydrates found in intestinal mucus, suggesting a possible role in initial attachment of the parasite to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Arana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, PO Box 5045, Lima, Peru
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