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Chen Y, Liu L, Liu J, Ji T, Gao Y, Yang D, Zhao M, Zhai Y, Cao Z. Serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of group B Streptococcus isolates from Chinese pregnant woman. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2295805. [PMID: 38124302 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2295805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the serotypes, antibiotic susceptibilities, and multi-locus sequence type (MLST) profiles of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in the Beijing area. METHODS Lower vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained from pregnant women of 35-37 gestational weeks (GWs) who attended the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. All GBS isolates were identified with Gram staining, catalase reaction assays, and CAMP tests, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing, serotype identification, multilocus sequence typing and erythromycin resistance gene analysis (ermB and mefE). RESULTS From July 2020 to June 2022, 311 (5.17%) of 6012 pregnant women that were screened for GBS colonization were detected positive. Of the eight serotypes identified (III, Ia, Ib, IV, II, VIII, V, and NT), serotypes III (43.09%), Ia (34.08%) and Ib (17.04%) were the predominant species. In the antimicrobial susceptibility experiments, the resistant rates measured for erythromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline were 76.21%, 63.99%, 50.80%, and 81.03%, respectively, and 7.6% of GBS isolates showed inducible clindamycin in resistance (D-test phenotype). Meanwhile, the multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that sequence type 19 (ST19) (30.34%) and ST10 (18.62%) were the dominant sequence types. Among the 237 erythromycin-resistant isolates, 176 harbored ermB (128, 54.00%) or mefE (48, 20.30%) gene alone. CONCLUSION The infection rates, serotypes or MSLT distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of GBS in Beijing area were investigated, which may be applied in analyses of the epidemiological characteristics of GBS. This contributes to the basic knowledge required for successful GBS vaccine development suited for disease prevention and treatment in China, as well as the implementation of effective clinical antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Laboratory Department of Tsinghua University Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tongzhen Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mohan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
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Duan H, Huang W, Lv Q, Liu P, Li Q, Kong D, Sun X, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Chen S. Using Surface Immunogenic Protein as a Carrier Protein to Elicit Protective Antibody to Multiple Serotypes for Candidate Group B Streptococcal Glycan Conjugate Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:573. [PMID: 38932301 PMCID: PMC11209137 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a life-threatening opportunistic pathogen, particularly in pregnant women, infants, and the elderly. Currently, maternal vaccination is considered the most viable long-term option for preventing GBS mother-to-infant infection, and two polysaccharide conjugate vaccines utilizing CRM197 as a carrier protein have undergone clinical phase II trials. Surface immunogenic protein (Sip), present in all identified serotypes of GBS strains so far, is a protective surface protein of GBS. In this study, the type Ia capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of GBS was utilized as a model to develop candidate antigens for a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine by coupling it with the Sip of GBS and the traditional carrier protein CRM197. Serum analysis from immunized New Zealand rabbits and CD1 mice revealed that there was no significant difference in antibody titers between the Ia-Sip group and Ia-CRM197 group; however, both were significantly higher than those observed in the Ia polysaccharide group. Opsonophagocytosis and passive immune protection results using rabbit serum indicated no significant difference between the Ia-Sip and Ia-CRM197 groups, both outperforming the Ia polysaccharide group. Furthermore, serum from the Ia-Sip group had a cross-protective effect on multiple types of GBS strains. The challenge test results in CD1 mice demonstrated that the Ia-Sip group provided complete protection against lethal doses of bacteria and also showed cross-protection against type III strain. Our study demonstrates for the first time that Ia-Sip is immunogenic and provides serotype-independent protection in glycan conjugate vaccines, which also indicates Sip may serve as an excellent carrier protein for GBS glycan conjugate vaccines and provide cross-protection against multiple GBS strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xuyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Dhar N, Mohamed E, Kirstein F, Williams M, Dorasamy S, van Zyl P, Robertson MJ, Anderson T, Harden LM, Jardine K, Veeraraghavan B, Wilson S, Tippoo P, Madhi SA, Kwatra G. Immune responses against group B Streptococcus monovalent and pentavalent capsular polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccines in Balb/c mice. iScience 2023; 26:107380. [PMID: 37575182 PMCID: PMC10415928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization of pregnant women with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conjugate vaccine (CV) could protect young infants against invasive GBS disease. We evaluated the immunogenicity of investigational five GBS monovalent (serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, and V) CPS-tetanus toxoid (TT)-CV with adjuvant and GBS pentavalent CPS-TT-CV with adjuvant (GBS5-CV-adj) and without adjuvant (GBS5-CV-no-adj), in Balb/c mice. Aluminum phosphate was the adjuvant in the formulations, where included. The homotypic immunoglobulin G (IgG) geometric mean concentration (GMC) and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titer (GMT) did not differ after the third dose of the GBS5-CV-adj vaccine compared with the monovalent counterparts for all five serotypes. The GBS5-CV-adj induced higher post-vaccination serotype-specific IgG GMCs and OPA GMTs compared to GBS5-CV-no_adj. The GBS5-CV with and without adjuvant should be considered for further development as a potential vaccine for pregnant women to protect their infants against invasive GBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Dhar
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lois M. Harden
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kimberly Jardine
- Wits Research Animal Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Shabir A. Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Rohokale R, Guo Z. Development in the Concept of Bacterial Polysaccharide Repeating Unit-Based Antibacterial Conjugate Vaccines. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:178-212. [PMID: 36706246 PMCID: PMC9930202 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The surface of cells is coated with a dense layer of glycans, known as the cell glycocalyx. The complex glycans in the glycocalyx are involved in various biological events, such as bacterial pathogenesis, protection of bacteria from environmental stresses, etc. Polysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface are highly conserved and accessible molecules, and thus they are excellent immunological targets. Consequently, bacterial polysaccharides and their repeating units have been extensively studied as antigens for the development of antibacterial vaccines. This Review surveys the recent developments in the synthetic and immunological investigations of bacterial polysaccharide repeating unit-based conjugate vaccines against several human pathogenic bacteria. The major challenges associated with the development of functional carbohydrate-based antibacterial conjugate vaccines are also considered.
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Group B Streptococcus: Virulence Factors and Pathogenic Mechanism. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122483. [PMID: 36557736 PMCID: PMC9784991 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae is a major cause of neonatal mortality. When colonizing the lower genital tract of pregnant women, GBS may cause premature birth and stillbirth. If transmitted to the newborn, it may result in life-threatening illnesses, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Moreover, through continuous evolution, GBS can use its original structure and unique factors to greatly improve its survival rate in the human body. This review discusses the key virulence factors that facilitate GBS invasion and colonization and their action mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the role of virulence factors in GBS infection is crucial to develop better treatment options and screen potential candidate molecules for the development of the vaccine.
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Choi Y, Han HS, Chong GO, Le TM, Nguyen HDT, Lee OEM, Lee D, Seong WJ, Seo I, Cha HH. Updates on Group B Streptococcus Infection in the Field of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122398. [PMID: 36557651 PMCID: PMC9780959 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) is a Gram-positive bacterium that is commonly found in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. However, its colonization during pregnancy is an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Herein, we specifically looked at GBS in relation to the field of Obstetrics (OB) along with the field of Gynecology (GY). In this review, based on the clinical significance of GBS in the field of OBGY, topics of how GBS is being detected, treated, and should be prevented are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Choi
- Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Soo Han
- Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Oh Chong
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Minh Le
- Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Duc Thi Nguyen
- Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Olive EM Lee
- Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Lee
- Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Seong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Hyun-Hwa Cha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (H.-H.C.)
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Izu A, Kwatra G, Madhi SA, Rigat F. Estimation of invasive Group B Streptococcus disease risk in young infants from case-control serological studies. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:85. [PMID: 35350991 PMCID: PMC8961496 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections are a major cause of invasive disease (IGbsD) in young infants and cause miscarriage and stillbirths. Immunization of pregnant women against GBS in addition to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis could prevent disease. Establishing accurate serological markers of protection against IGbsD could enable use of efficient clinical trial designs for vaccine development and licensure, without needing to undertake efficacy trials in prohibitively large number of mother-infant dyads. The association of maternal naturally acquired serotype-specific anti-capsular antibodies (IgG) against serotype-specific IGbsD in their infants has been studied in case-control studies. The statistical models used so far to estimate IGbsD risk from these case-control studies assumed that the antibody concentrations measured sharing the same disease status are sampled from the same population, not allowing for differences between mothers colonised by GBS and mothers also potentially infected (e.g urinary tract infection or chorioamnionitis) by GBS during pregnancy. This distinction is relevant as infants born from infected mothers with occult medical illness may be exposed to GBS prior to the mother developing antibodies measured in maternal or infant sera. Methods Unsupervised mixture model averaging (MMA) is proposed and applied here to accurately estimate infant IGbsD risk from case-control study data in presence or absence of antibody concentration subgroups potentially associated to maternal GBS carriage or infection. MMA estimators are compared to non-parametric disease risk estimators in simulation studies and by analysis of two published GBS case-control studies. Results MMA provides more accurate relative risk estimates under a broad range of data simulation scenarios and more accurate absolute disease risk estimates when the proportion of IGbsD cases with high antibody levels is not ignorable. MMA estimates of the relative and absolute disease risk curves are more amenable to clinical interpretation compared to non-parametric estimates with no detectable overfitting of the data. Antibody concentration thresholds predictive of protection from infant IGbsD estimated by MMA from maternal and infant sera are consistent with non-parametric estimates. Conclusions MMA is a flexible and robust method for design, accurate analysis and clinical interpretation of case-control studies estimating relative and absolute IGbsD risk from antibody concentrations measured at or after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Izu
- South African Medical Research Council: Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytical Research Unit (VIDA), University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- South African Medical Research Council: Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytical Research Unit (VIDA), University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council: Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytical Research Unit (VIDA), University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fabio Rigat
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals R & D, High Wycombe, United Kingdom.
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Shabayek S, Ferrieri P, Spellerberg B. Group B Streptococcal Colonization in African Countries: Prevalence, Capsular Serotypes, and Molecular Sequence Types. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121606. [PMID: 34959562 PMCID: PMC8706430 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS) is a commensal of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy women and an important cause of neonatal invasive infections worldwide. Transmission of bacteria to the newborn occurs at birth and can be prevented by intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. However, this not available in resource limited settings in Africa, which carries a particular high burden of disease. Serotype based vaccines are in development and present a suitable alternative to prevent neonatal infections. To be able to assess vaccine efficacy, knowledge and surveillance of GBS epidemiological data are required. This review summarizes investigations about the serotype distribution and the multi-locus sequence types (MLST) found in different African countries. While most serotypes and MLST data are comparable to findings from other continents, some specific differences exist. Serotype V is predominant among colonizing maternal strains in many different African countries. Serotypes that are rarely detected in western industrialized nations, such as serotypes VI, VII and IX, are prevalent in studies from Ghana and Egypt. Moreover, some specific MLST sequence types that seem to be more or less unique to Africa have been detected. However, overall, the data confirm that a hexavalent vaccine can provide broad coverage for the African continent and that a protein vaccine could represent a promising alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shabayek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Patricia Ferrieri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Maternal vaccination with a type-III glycoconjugate protects mouse neonates against Group B Streptococcus intranasal infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21384. [PMID: 34725414 PMCID: PMC8560876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is generally an asymptomatic colonizer of human mucosa but it occasionally infects pregnant women and neonates through vertical transmission, causing disease during the first weeks of life with frequent and severe complications. Preclinical studies have shown that maternal vaccination with polysaccharide-based vaccines protects mothers and offspring from GBS mucosal colonization and consecutive infection. In these models, bacteria were inoculated in mouse either intravaginally in the last trimester of pregnancy or systemically in pups. Here, we investigated whether maternal vaccination with glycoconjugate vaccines may also prevent GBS-mediated colonization and disease in neonates using an infection route that more closely mimics inhalation or ingestion of bacteria during human delivery. To address this point, mice aged less than two days were intranasally challenged with epidemiologically relevant GBS strains. Bacteria were found to colonize nose and intestine, reaching in some cases lungs and blood during the first days of life. Bacteria were also found in vagina of a fraction of colonized female mice within the first month of life. GBS-specific IgG induced by maternal vaccination with a glycoconjugate vaccine formulation were found in blood and mucosal tissues of newborns. Finally, when intranasally challenged with GBS serotype III strains, pups delivered by vaccinated mothers were partially protected against mucosal colonization and deeper infection.
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Future vaccines in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 76:96-106. [PMID: 33893037 PMCID: PMC7987580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination in pregnancy provides an important opportunity to target illnesses that are known to impact pregnant women, fetal development, and newborns in particular. The ability to create antibodies through safe vaccination that cross the placenta can provide protection against maternal, congenital, and newborn infections. At present, multiple vaccines are being developed which have direct benefits for pregnant women and their newborns. Group B streptococcus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Zika, Ebola, Malaria, and Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are all being researched with the view to develop a safe vaccine available for pregnant women. There is also an increased movement towards the inclusion of pregnant women in vaccine development and trials - challenging the historical, ethical, and medicolegal arguments against their involvement in such research.
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Bedeley E, Gori A, Yeboah-Manu D, Diallo K. Control of Streptococcal Infections: Is a Common Vaccine Target Achievable Against Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:658824. [PMID: 33967998 PMCID: PMC8103614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Streptococcus agalactiae [group B streptococcus (GBS)] and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remain significant pathogens as they cause life threatening infections mostly in children and the elderly. The control of diseases caused by these pathogens is dependent on antibiotics use and appropriate vaccination. The introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against some serotypes has led to reduction in pneumococcal infections, however, the subsequent serotype switching, and replacement has been a serious challenge. On the other hand, no vaccine is yet licensed for use in the control of GBS diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the history and global disease burden, disease pathophysiology and management, vaccines update, and the biology of both pathogens. Furthermore, we address recent findings regarding structural similarities that could be explored for vaccine targets across both mucosal pathogens. Finally, we conclude by proposing future genomic sequence comparison using the wealth of available sequences from both species and the possibility of identifying more related structural components that could be exploited for pan-pathogen vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Bedeley
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrea Gori
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kanny Diallo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
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Nishinaga M, Sugimoto H, Nishitani Y, Nagai S, Nagatoishi S, Muraki N, Tosha T, Tsumoto K, Aono S, Shiro Y, Sawai H. Heme controls the structural rearrangement of its sensor protein mediating the hemolytic bacterial survival. Commun Biol 2021; 4:467. [PMID: 33850260 PMCID: PMC8044140 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemes (iron-porphyrins) are critical for biological processes in all organisms. Hemolytic bacteria survive by acquiring b-type heme from hemoglobin in red blood cells from their animal hosts. These bacteria avoid the cytotoxicity of excess heme during hemolysis by expressing heme-responsive sensor proteins that act as transcriptional factors to regulate the heme efflux system in response to the cellular heme concentration. Here, the underlying regulatory mechanisms were investigated using crystallographic, spectroscopic, and biochemical studies to understand the structural basis of the heme-responsive sensor protein PefR from Streptococcus agalactiae, a causative agent of neonatal life-threatening infections. Structural comparison of heme-free PefR, its complex with a target DNA, and heme-bound PefR revealed that unique heme coordination controls a >20 Å structural rearrangement of the DNA binding domains to dissociate PefR from the target DNA. We also found heme-bound PefR stably binds exogenous ligands, including carbon monoxide, a by-product of the heme degradation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nishinaga
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan ,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo Japan
| | - Yudai Nishitani
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan
| | - Seina Nagai
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Norifumi Muraki
- grid.250358.90000 0000 9137 6732Institute of Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Takehiko Tosha
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan ,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Aono
- grid.250358.90000 0000 9137 6732Institute of Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Shiro
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan
| | - Hitomi Sawai
- grid.266453.00000 0001 0724 9317Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo Japan ,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo Japan
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13
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Phylogeny, recombination, and invasiveness of group B Streptococcus revealed by genomic comparisons of its global strains. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 40:581-590. [PMID: 33067737 PMCID: PMC7567417 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) genes and pilus islands encode important virulence factors for group B Streptococcus (GBS) genomes. This study aims to detect phylogenetic inconsistency in CPS genes and pilus islands in GBSs and to explore its relationship with invasiveness. A total of 1016 GBS genomes were downloaded from the NCBI public database. The multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and Bayesian analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) analyses were both conducted for phylogeny construction. Serotyping and pilus typing were determined in silico using the genomic sequences. The CPS and pilus typing results were generally consistent with MLST and BAPS clustering. GBS isolates of serotype II and of the PI-1 + PI-2b and PI-2a types were more prone to phylogenetic inconsistency than the others. Isolates of serotype Ib and of PI-1 + PI-2a were more likely to appear as colonizing strains, whereas PI-2b was more likely to appear in invasive strains. For serotype V, phylogenetic inconsistency occurred more commonly in colonizing isolates, while for serotype III, the opposite occurred. The present study profiles for the first time the phylogenetic inconsistency of CPS genes and pilus islands in global GBS isolates, which is helpful for infection control and the development of new vaccines for the prevention of GBS occurrence.
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14
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Genovese C, D'Angeli F, Di Salvatore V, Tempera G, Nicolosi D. Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women: serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns over five years in Eastern Sicily (Italy). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:2387-2396. [PMID: 32700131 PMCID: PMC7669783 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (also known Group B Streptococcus or GBS) represents the main pathogen responsible for early- and late-onset infections in newborns. The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the capsular serotypes of GBS isolated in Eastern Sicily over 5 years, from January 2015 to December 2019. A total of 3494 GBS were isolated from vaginal swabs of pregnant women (37–39 weeks), as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Capsular polysaccharide’s typing of GBS was determined by a commercial latex agglutination test containing reagents to serotypes I–IX. The antimicrobial resistance pattern of GBS was determined through the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) and the double-disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar plates supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Serotypes III (1218, 34.9%) and V (1069, 30.6%) were the prevalent colonizers, followed by not typable (570, 16.3%) and serotypes Ia (548, 15.7%), Ib (47, 1.3%), II (40, 1.1%), and IV (2, 0.1%). All 3494 clinical isolates were susceptible to cefditoren and vancomycin. Resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin was observed in 6 (0.2%), 5 (0.1%), 161 (4.6%), 1090 (31.2%), and 1402 (40.1%) of the strains, respectively. Most of erythromycin-resistant GBS (1090/1402) showed the cMLSB phenotype, 276 the M phenotype, and 36 the iMLSB phenotype. Our findings revealed a higher prevalence of serotype III and a relevant resistance rate, among GBS strains, to the most frequently used antibiotics in antenatal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Genovese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy.,Nacture S.r.l, Spin-off University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Floriana D'Angeli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy. .,Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Di Salvatore
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Gianna Tempera
- Nacture S.r.l, Spin-off University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Daria Nicolosi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy.,Nacture S.r.l, Spin-off University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
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15
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Dos Santos NFB, da Silva LR, Costa FJMD, de Mattos DM, de Carvalho E, Ferreira LCDS, Ferreira RDCC. Immunization with a recombinant BibA surface protein confers immunity and protects mice against group B Streptococcus (GBS) vaginal colonization. Vaccine 2020; 38:5286-5296. [PMID: 32571719 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae or group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium divided into ten distinct serotypes that colonizes the vaginal and rectal tracts of approximately 30% of women worldwide. GBS is the leading cause of invasive infection in newborns, causing sepsis, pneumoniae and meningitis. The main strategy to prevent GSB infection in newborns includes the use of intrapartum antibiotic therapy, which does not prevent late-onset diseases and may select resistant bacterial strains. We still do not have a vaccine formulation specific for this pathogen approved for human use. Conserved surface proteins are potential antigens that could be targets for recognition by antibodies and activation of cell opsonization. We used a serotype V GBS (GBS-V)-derived recombinant surface protein, rBibA, and evaluated the potential protective role of the induced antigen-specific antibodies after parenteral or mucosal immunizations in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that vaccine formulations containing BibA combined with different adjuvants induced serum IgG and/or secreted IgA antibodies, leading to enhanced opsonophagocytosis of GBS-V cells and reduced invasion of epithelial cells. One BibA-based vaccine formulation adjuvanted with a nontoxic derivative of the heat-labile toxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains was capable of inducing protection against vaginal colonization and lethal parenteral challenge with GBS-V. Serum collected from vaccinated mice conferred passive protection against vaginal colonization in naïve mice challenged with GBS-V. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that the BibA protein is a promising antigen for development of a vaccine to protect against GBS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Fernanda Barros Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Lukas Raposo da Silva
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Fagner James Martins Dantas Costa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniely Maranhão de Mattos
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Enéas de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology I, Biotechnology Center, Butantan Institute, 1500 Vital Brasil Avenue, São Paulo, SP 03178-200, Brazil.
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Café Ferreira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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16
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YANG L, BAO F, WU Y, SUN L. [Relationship of group B streptococcus colonization in late pregnancy with perinatal outcomes]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:389-396. [PMID: 32762169 PMCID: PMC8800799 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.04.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization in late pregnancy with perinatal outcome. METHODS Pregnant women who underwent antenatal check-up at General Hospital of PLA Eastern Theater Command and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled in the study. The vaginal and rectal swab samples were collected for GBS culture at 35-37 weeks of pregnancy. The perinatal outcomes of positive and negative GBS groups were compared. The GBS-positive group samples were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. In GBS positive group the maternal and child perinatal outcomes were compared between pregnant women with antibiotics treatment and those without antibiotics. RESULTS A total of 13 000 pregnant women were enrolled, and the overall colonization rate of GBS was 3.65%(475/13 000). The colonization rate of GBS in the vagina was 2.33%(303/13 000), and the colonization rate in the rectum was 1.75%(227/13 000). Through the collection and detection of rectal specimens, the positive rate of GBS increased by 56.77%(172/303). The monthly colonization rate of GBS showed significant fluctuations with the highest in March and October (all P < 0.05). The sensitivity of 475 GBS-positive specimens to ceftriaxone, vancomycin and linezolid were 100%, and the sensitivity to ampicillin and penicillin were 97.26%and 93.47%, respectively. The resistance rates of the strains to levofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline were 30.11%, 48.00%, 52.21%and 88.63%. The incidence of premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection, neonatal pneumonia and sepsis in GBS positive group were significantly higher than those in GBS negative group (all P < 0.01). In pregnant women with positive GBS, the incidence of puerperal infection, neonatal infection and admission to the NICU in the antibiotic group were significantly lower than those in the non-antibiotic group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The total colonization rate of GBS is low. The detection of GBS can be significantly improved by supplementing rectal examination. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin and penicillin are currently the drugs of choice for the prevention and treatment of GBS-related diseases. GBS infection can increase the incidence of maternal and child complications. The use of antibiotics during labor can improve the outcome of mothers and infants.
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17
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Novosak M, Bobadilla F, Delgado O, Vergara M, Laczeski M. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Resistance to Macrolides and Lincosamides in Streptococcus agalactiae Isolated from Pregnant Women in Misiones, Argentina. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1472-1481. [PMID: 32315569 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the susceptibility, molecular profile, and clonal relationship in Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus [GBS]) isolated from vaginal-rectal swab samples. We worked with 200 isolates collected from pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation. The macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance phenotypes were determined using the double-disc assay. Susceptibility to erythromycin (ERI) and clindamycin (CLI) was performed with the E-test. Resistance genes ermB and ermTR were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Clonal studies were performed using the random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Twelve (6%) of the isolates were resistant to ERI and 10 (5%) of them to CLI. Fifty percent of the resistant strains corresponded to serotype III, 25% to serotype V, and the remaining 25% to serotype Ia, II, and nontypeable strains. The cMLSB phenotype was detected in eight strains (66.67%) and the iMLSB phenotype in four (33.33%). The minimum inhibitory concentration values were between 1.5 and 16 μg/mL for ERI, and between 1 and 32 μg/mL for CLI. Out of the 25 strains susceptible to ERI and CLI, the presence of the ermB gene was detected in eight of them and the ermTR gene in one strain. The ermB gene was detected in the 12 strains that initially had some macrolide resistance phenotype. The ermTR gene was detected in three out of the four strains with the iMLSB phenotype. The resistance to macrolides in the province of Misiones is due to multiclonal spread. The phenotypic and genotypic characterization of macrolide resistance in GBS strains are crucial to contribute to the correct intrapartum prophylactic antibiotic therapy of allergic pregnant women and the epidemiological surveillance of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Novosak
- Cátedra de Bacteriología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales (FCEQyN), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Misiones, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Bobadilla
- Cátedra de Bacteriología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales (FCEQyN), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Misiones, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Delgado
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.,Centro de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología (CEBIOTEC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FACEN), Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCa), Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Marta Vergara
- Cátedra de Bacteriología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales (FCEQyN), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Misiones, Argentina
| | - Margarita Laczeski
- Cátedra de Bacteriología, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales (FCEQyN), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Misiones, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (InBioMis), FCEQyN, UNaM, Misiones, Argentina
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18
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Hanh TQ, Van Du V, Hien PT, Chinh DD, Loi CB, Dung NM, Anh DN, Anh TTK. Prevalence and capsular type distribution of group B Streptococcus isolated from vagina of pregnant women in Nghe An province, Vietnam. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 12:11-17. [PMID: 32322374 PMCID: PMC7163037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Identification of GBS serotypes provides helpful information for appropriate the development of suitable vaccines; however, no reports from Vietnam have been published. This study has been performed to find the prevalence and serotypes of group B Streptococcus isolated from vagina of pregnant women in Nghe An province, Vietnam. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation at the Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Vietnam between May 2018 and July 2019. The swabs were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar for isolation of GBS. All isolates were identified using the Gram staining, CAMP test and specific PCR. GBS strains were serotyped using the multiplex PCR assays. RESULTS The prevalence of vaginal GBS colonization was 9.20% of 750 participants. Among the isolates, serotypes III (39.13%) and V (31.89%) were the most frequent, followed by serotypes Ia (11.59%), VI (11.59%), Ib (2.90%), II (1.45%) and VII (1.45%), respectively. Serotypes IV, VIII and IX were not found. CONCLUSION The prevalence of GBS in the Nghe An province of central Vietnam was similar to reports from other parts of the world. The predominat GBS serotypes (III, V, Ia and VI) were slightly different from those previously described from other regions around the world. The high frequency of serotype VI was a notable feature of the strains from pregnant women in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quang Hanh
- Department of Obstetrics, Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam
| | - Vu Van Du
- Department of Treatment on Demand, National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thu Hien
- Department of Treatment on Demand, National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Dinh Chinh
- Department of Neurology, Nghe An Friendship General Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam
| | - Cao Ba Loi
- Department of Science and Training, National Institute of Malaria Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Manh Dung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, 108 Military Centre Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Ngoc Anh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam,Corresponding author: Do Ngoc Anh, PhD, Department of Medical Parasitology, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. Tel: +84-989255773, Fax: +84-436883994,
| | - Tran Thi Kieu Anh
- Department of Paediatric, Vinh Medical University, Nghe An, Vietnam,Corresponding author: Tran Thi Kieu Anh, PhD, Department of Paediatric, Vinh Medical University, Nghe An, Vietnam. Tel: +84-912584133, Fax: +84-2383842163,
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19
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Del Bino L, Calloni I, Oldrini D, Raso MM, Cuffaro R, Ardá A, Codée JDC, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Adamo R. Regioselective Glycosylation Strategies for the Synthesis of Group Ia and Ib Streptococcus Related Glycans Enable Elucidating Unique Conformations of the Capsular Polysaccharides. Chemistry 2019; 25:16277-16287. [PMID: 31506992 PMCID: PMC6972993 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus serotypes Ia and Ib capsular polysaccharides are key targets for vaccine development. In spite of their immunospecifity these polysaccharides share high structural similarity. Both are composed of the same monosaccharide residues and differ only in the connection of the Neu5Acα2-3Gal side chain to the GlcNAc unit, which is a β1-4 linkage in serotype Ia and a β1-3 linkage in serotype Ib. The development of efficient regioselective routes for GlcNAcβ1-3[Glcβ1-4]Gal synthons is described, which give access to different group B Streptococcus (GBS) Ia and Ib repeating unit frameshifts. These glycans were used to probe the conformation and molecular dynamics of the two polysaccharides, highlighting the different presentation of the protruding Neu5Acα2-3Gal moieties on the polysaccharide backbones and a higher flexibility of Ib polymer relative to Ia, which can impact epitope exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Calloni
- CIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | | | | | | | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Department of Bioorganic SynthesisLeiden University2333LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- CIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
- Basque Foundation for Science IKERBASQUE8009BilbaoSpain
- Department of Organic Chemistry IIFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country48940LeioaSpain
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20
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Lin SM, Jang AY, Zhi Y, Gao S, Lim S, Lim JH, Song JY, Sullam PM, Rhee JH, Seo HS. Vaccination With a Latch Peptide Provides Serotype-Independent Protection Against Group B Streptococcus Infection in Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:93-102. [PMID: 29106586 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) is a leading cause of invasive diseases in neonates and severe infections in elderly individuals. GBS serine-rich repeat glycoprotein 1 (Srr1) acts as a critical virulence factor by facilitating GBS invasion into the central nervous system through interaction with the fibrinogen Aα chain. This study revealed that srr1 is highly conserved, with 86.7% of GBS clinical isolates expressing the protein. Vaccination of mice with different Srr1 truncated peptides revealed that only Srr1 truncates containing the latch domain protected against GBS meningitis. Furthermore, the latch peptide alone was immunogenic and elicited protective antibodies, which efficiently enhanced antibody-mediated opsonophagocytic killing of GBS by HL60 cells and provided heterogeneous protection against 4 different GBS serogroups. Taken together, these findings indicated that the latch domain of Srr1 may constitute an effective peptide vaccine candidate for GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Mei Lin
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - A-Yeung Jang
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Department of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju
| | - Yong Zhi
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Shuang Gao
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul M Sullam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students, Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju.,Clinical Vaccine Research and Development Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
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21
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Rothen J, Pothier JF, Foucault F, Blom J, Nanayakkara D, Li C, Ip M, Tanner M, Vogel G, Pflüger V, Daubenberger CA. Subspecies Typing of Streptococcus agalactiae Based on Ribosomal Subunit Protein Mass Variation by MALDI-TOF MS. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:471. [PMID: 30915057 PMCID: PMC6421976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A ribosomal subunit protein (rsp)-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method was developed for fast subspecies-level typing of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS), a major cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Methods: A total of 796 GBS whole genome sequences, covering the genetic diversity of the global GBS population, were used to in silico predict molecular mass variability of 28 rsp and to identify unique rsp mass combinations, termed “rsp-profiles”. The in silico established GBS typing scheme was validated by MALDI-TOF MS analysis of GBS isolates at two independent research sites in Europe and South East Asia. Results: We identified in silico 62 rsp-profiles, with the majority (>80%) of the 796 GBS isolates displaying one of the six rsp-profiles 1–6. These dominant rsp-profiles classify GBS strains in high concordance with the core-genome based phylogenetic clustering. Validation of our approach by in-house MALDI-TOF MS analysis of 248 GBS isolates and external analysis of 8 GBS isolates showed that across different laboratories and MALDI-TOF MS platforms, the 28 rsp were detected reliably in the mass spectra, allowing assignment of clinical isolates to rsp-profiles at high sensitivity (99%) and specificity (97%). Our approach distinguishes the major phylogenetic GBS genotypes, identifies hyper-virulent strains, predicts the probable capsular serotype and surface protein variants and distinguishes between GBS genotypes of human and animal origin. Conclusion: We combine the information depth of whole genome sequences with the highly cost efficient, rapid and robust MALDI-TOF MS approach facilitating high-throughput, inter-laboratory, large-scale GBS epidemiological and clinical studies based on pre-defined rsp-profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rothen
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joël F Pothier
- Research Group for Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dulmini Nanayakkara
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Li
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | - Claudia A Daubenberger
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Mukesi M, Iweriebor BC, Obi LC, Nwodo UU, Moyo SR, Okoh AI. Prevalence and capsular type distribution of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women in Namibia and South Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:179. [PMID: 30786878 PMCID: PMC6383256 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality resulting in septicaemia, bacteraemia and meningitis. Long term problems in children range from loss of hearing to mental retardation. While Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis (IAP) has reduced the incidence of S. agalactiae infection, it still remains the leading cause of disease in neonates. GBS has ten capsular types whose distribution varies across the world. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of GBS in Namibia and South Africa amongst pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks gestation and elucidate the capsular types. Methods Lower vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks gestation. Five hundred and thirty pregnant women were recruited into the study in Windhoek, Namibia while one hundred pregnant women were recruited in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The swabs were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar (Biomerieux, New Jersey, USA) for isolation of GBS. Presumptive isolates were confirmed using both the Vitek (2) and molecular techniques targeting the scpB gene. Capsular typing was performed in a multiplex PCR with capsular specific primer pairs. Results The prevalence of GBS in Namibia was 13.6 and 37% in South Africa respectively. In both countries most women were dually colonised with GBS. Capsular types II, III and V were the most prevalent. Conclusions The prevalence of GBS in Namibia was lower than in South Africa in this study. The prevalence in both countries was not different from those reported in other African countries and around the world. The predominant capsular types in this study are the ones commonly associated with adverse maternal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munyaradzi Mukesi
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa. .,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa. .,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Private Bag, Windhoek, 13388, Namibia.
| | - Benson C Iweriebor
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa
| | - Larry C Obi
- Academic and Research Division, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa
| | - Sylvester R Moyo
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Private Bag, Windhoek, 13388, Namibia
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, 5700, South Africa
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23
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Bengtson AM, Sanfilippo AM, Hughes BL, Savitz DA. Maternal immunisation to improve the health of HIV-exposed infants. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 19:e120-e131. [PMID: 30529212 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants are at an increased risk of many infectious diseases that can contribute to the high mortality seen among HEU children. Maternal immunisation could be a promising strategy to reduce infections in HEU infants. However, very little research has explored the effect of HIV on the immunogenicity and effectiveness of vaccines given during pregnancy. We review the available evidence on maternal immunisation among women living with HIV (WLWH) for all vaccines recommended, considered, or being investigated for routine or risk-based use during pregnancy. Of the 11 vaccines included, only three have been investigated in WLWH. Available evidence suggests that maternal HIV infection limits the immunogenicity of several vaccines, leaving HEU infants more susceptible to infection during their first few months of life. Whether maternal immunisation reduces the infectious morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in HEU children remains unknown. We conclude the Review by identifying future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Bengtson
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Alan M Sanfilippo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenna L Hughes
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David A Savitz
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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24
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Larson Williams A, Mitrovich R, Mwananyanda L, Gill C. Maternal vaccine knowledge in low- and middle-income countries-and why it matters. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:283-286. [PMID: 30252609 PMCID: PMC6422451 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1526589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal vaccines have the potential to reduce the global burden of neonatal morbidity and mortality by accessing the infant immune system before a vaccine administered in childhood would be effective. Maternal vaccines for influenza, tetanus, and pertussis have been shown to reduce neonatal disease and mortality, and other candidate vaccines for group B streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus are being developed to continue this trend. However, safe and effective maternal vaccines will only successfully reduce neonatal illness if mothers decide to receive them. Maternal knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs around vaccines are key determinants to vaccine acceptance or vaccine hesitancy, and yet this issue is often understudied in low and middle-income country settings. A deeper understanding of these factors and how they influence maternal decision-making will allow public health practitioners and global and national policymakers to design more effective interventions. Addressing barriers to immunization at the policy and programmatic levels such as mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of maternal vaccines is essential to increasing vaccination rates at a global scale and reducing global vaccine-preventable neonatal deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Larson Williams
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Mitrovich
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Chris Gill
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Liu J, Xu R, Zhong H, Zhong Y, Xie Y, Li L, Li B, Chen D, Xu Z. RETRACTED: Prevalence of GBS serotype III and identification of a ST 17-like genotype from neonates with invasive diseases in Guangzhou, China. Microb Pathog 2018; 120:213-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Pitts SI, Maruthur NM, Langley GE, Pondo T, Shutt KA, Hollick R, Schrag SJ, Thomas A, Nichols M, Farley M, Watt JP, Miller L, Schaffner W, Holtzman C, Harrison LH. Obesity, Diabetes, and the Risk of Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Nonpregnant Adults in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy030. [PMID: 29977953 PMCID: PMC6016410 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease, obesity, and diabetes have increased in US adults. We hypothesized that obesity would be independently associated with an increased risk of invasive GBS disease. Methods We identified adults with invasive GBS disease within Active Bacterial Core surveillance during 2010–2012 and used population estimates from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to calculate invasive GBS incidence rates. We estimated relative risks (RRs) of invasive GBS using Poisson analysis with offset denominators, with obesity categorized as class I/II (body mass index [BMI] = 30–39.9 kg/m2) and class III (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2). Results In multivariable analysis of 4281 cases, the adjusted RRs of invasive GBS disease were increased for obesity (class I/II: RR, 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–2.02; and class III: RR, 4.87; 95% CI, 3.50–6.77; reference overweight) and diabetes (RR, 6.04; 95% CI, 4.77–7.65). The adjusted RR associated with class III obesity was 3-fold among persons with diabetes (95% CI, 1.38–6.61) and nearly 9-fold among persons without diabetes (95% CI, 6.41–12.46), compared with overweight. The adjusted RRs associated with diabetes varied by age and BMI, with the highest RR in young populations without obesity. Population attributable risks of invasive GBS disease were 27.2% for obesity and 40.1% for diabetes. Conclusions Obesity and diabetes were associated with substantially increased risk of infection from invasive GBS. Given the population attributable risks of obesity and diabetes, interventions that reduce the prevalence of these conditions would likely reduce the burden of invasive GBS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha I Pitts
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nisa M Maruthur
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gayle E Langley
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tracy Pondo
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen A Shutt
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosemary Hollick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Schrag
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ann Thomas
- Oregon Public Health Division, Portland, Oregon
| | - Megin Nichols
- New Mexico Department of Public Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico
| | | | - James P Watt
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Lisa Miller
- University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Lee H Harrison
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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27
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Zhang Q, Lin K, Wang C, Xu Z, Yang L, Ma Q. Identification of Streptococcus mitis321A vaccine antigens based on reverse vaccinology. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7477-7486. [PMID: 29620181 PMCID: PMC5983942 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) may transform into highly pathogenic bacteria. The aim of the present study was to identify potential antigen targets for designing an effective vaccine against the pathogenic S. mitis321A. The genome of S. mitis321A was sequenced using an Illumina Hiseq2000 instrument. Subsequently, Glimmer 3.02 and Tandem Repeat Finder (TRF) 4.04 were used to predict genes and tandem repeats, respectively, with DNA sequence function analysis using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) databases. Putative gene antigen candidates were screened with BLAST ahead of phylogenetic tree analysis. The DNA sequence assembly size was 2,110,680 bp with 40.12% GC, 6 scaffolds and 9 contig. Consequently, 1,944 genes were predicted, and 119 TRF, 56 microsatellite DNA, 10 minisatellite DNA and 154 transposons were acquired. The predicted genes were associated with various pathways and functions concerning membrane transport and energy metabolism. Multiple putative genes encoding surface proteins, secreted proteins and virulence factors, as well as essential genes were determined. The majority of essential genes belonged to a phylogenetic lineage, while 321AGL000129 and 321AGL000299 were on the same branch. The current study provided useful information regarding the biological function of the S. mitis321A genome and recommends putative antigen candidates for developing a potent vaccine against S. mitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Kexiong Lin
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Changzheng Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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28
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Lin SM, Zhi Y, Ahn KB, Lim S, Seo HS. Status of group B streptococcal vaccine development. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2018; 7:76-81. [PMID: 29399583 PMCID: PMC5795048 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) is a leading causal organism of neonatal invasive diseases and severe infections in the elderly. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of GBS infections and improvement in personal hygiene standards, this pathogen is still a global health concern. Thus, an effective vaccine against GBS would augment existing strategies to substantially decrease GBS infection. In 2014, World Health Organization convened the first meeting for consultation on GBS vaccine development, focusing on the GBS maternal immunization program, which was aimed at reducing infections in neonates and young infants worldwide. Here, we review the history of GBS infections, the current vaccine candidates, and the current status of immunogenicity assays used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of GBS vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Mei Lin
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong Zhi
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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29
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Pinto AM, Pereira TA, Alves V, Araújo A, Lage OM. Incidence and serotype characterisation of Streptococcus agalactiae in a Portuguese hospital. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:508-513. [PMID: 29180508 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as group B Streptococcus (GBS), has been recognised as a worldwide causative pathogenic agent of neonatal sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia. To better understand the behaviour of S. agalactiae in pregnant women from a hospital from the North of Portugal, retrospective analyses were performed to describe epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics of the isolates obtained. METHODS Based on laboratorial records and the hospital's patient files, a 6-year retrospective study was performed to analyse S. agalactiae isolates from screened pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation and hospitalised neonates from pregnant women between 24 and 41 weeks of gestation admitted in Hospital Pedro Hispano. Serotype characterisation was also performed in 67 GBS strains. RESULTS In 6692 pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation screened between 2011 and 2016, a total of 1377 S. agalactiae isolates (21%) were found. A high percentage (40%) of unknown colonisation status among hospitalised neonates from pregnant women between 24 and 41 weeks of gestations was also found. The incidence of neonatal sepsis was 8.7 (95% CI 7.0 to 10.8) cases per 1000 live births. Regarding serotype characterisation, serotype III (22.4%) was the most frequent, followed by serotype Ia (19.4%) and serotypes Ib and V (both with 17.9%). CONCLUSION High epidemiological values of GBS colonisation and incidence were found in this study. In Portugal studies on the epidemiology and behaviour of S. agalactiae remain limited, reinforcing the importance and need for S. agalactiae screening across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mafalda Pinto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tamegão Aires Pereira
- Department of Women, Children and Youth, Pediatrics and Neonatology Service, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valquíria Alves
- Department of MCDT, Clinical Pathology Service, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Olga Maria Lage
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Intrinsic Maturational Neonatal Immune Deficiencies and Susceptibility to Group B Streptococcus Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:973-989. [PMID: 28814408 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00019-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a normal member of the gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiota, group B Streptococcus (GBS) can also occasionally be the cause of highly invasive neonatal disease and is an emerging pathogen in both elderly and immunocompromised adults. Neonatal GBS infections are typically transmitted from mother to baby either in utero or during passage through the birth canal and can lead to pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis within the first few months of life. Compared to the adult immune system, the neonatal immune system has a number of deficiencies, making neonates more susceptible to infection. Recognition of GBS by the host immune system triggers an inflammatory response to clear the pathogen. However, GBS has developed several mechanisms to evade the host immune response. A comprehensive understanding of this interplay between GBS and the host immune system will aid in the development of new preventative measures and therapeutics.
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31
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Choi MJ, Noh JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Lin SM, Zhi Y, Lim JH, Lim S, Seo HS, Song JY. Development of a multiplexed opsonophagocytic killing assay (MOPA) for group B Streptococcus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:67-73. [PMID: 28933634 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1377379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of sepsis in infants as well as chorioamnionitis in pregnant women. Opsonophagocytic killing assays (OPAs) are an essential technique in vaccine studies of encapsulated bacteria for estimating serotype-specific functional antibody levels in vitro. Here, we developed a three-fold multiplexed OPA (MOPA) to enable practical, large-scale assessment of GBS vaccine immunogenicity, including against serotypes Ia, III, and V. First, three target bacteria strains resistant to streptomycin, spectinomycin, or kanamycin were generated by natural selection through exposure to increasing antibiotic concentrations. Since a high level of nonspecific killing (NSK) of serotype V was observed in a 12.5% baby rabbit complement (BRC) solution, the BRC concentration was optimized. The final GBS-MOPA BRC concentration was 9%, which resulted in less than 20% NSK. The specificity was measured by preabsorbing serum with inactivated GBS. The opsonic index (OI) of preabsorbed serum with the homologous serotype GBS was significantly reduced in all three serotypes tested. The accuracy of the MOPA was compared with that of a single OPA (SOPA) with 35 serum samples. The OIs of the MOPA correlated well with those of the SOPA, and the r2 values were higher than 0.950 for all three serotypes. The precision of the MOPA assay was assessed in five independent experiments with five serum samples. The inter-assay precision of the GBS-MOPA was 12.5% of the average coefficient of variation. This is the first report to develop and standardize a GBS-MOPA, which will be useful for GBS vaccine development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Choi
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Shun-Mei Lin
- b Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Zhi
- b Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- c Department of Microbiology and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center , Ewha Womans University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- b Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- b Biotechnology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Teatero S, Neemuchwala A, Yang K, Gomes J, Athey TBT, Martin I, Demczuk W, McGeer A, Fittipaldi N. Genetic evidence for a novel variant of the pilus island 1 backbone protein in group B Streptococcus. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1409-1415. [PMID: 28923133 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pili contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of infection of group B Streptococcus (GBS) by facilitating adhesion and invasion of host cells. GBS pilin subunits (the backbone pilin protein, BP, and the ancillary pilin proteins, AP) as well as the specific enzymes required for pilus assembly are encoded by genes located in two separate genomic regions, known as pilus island 1 (PI-1) and PI-2. Our aim was to characterize the pilus profile of a collection of GBS isolates from metropolitan Toronto, Canada. METHODOLOGY The pilus profile of 1332 invasive and colonizing GBS isolates was determined by PCR and, in selected cases, by whole genome sequencing. RESULTS While investigating the pilus profile of a collection of GBS organisms, we discovered that 51 isolates possessed a novel variant of the PI-1 BP, which we named BP-1b. The predicted translated sequences of archetypical GBS BP-1 and novel BP-1b variants shared only 63 % amino acid sequence homology. The novel BP-1b variant was most common among strains of serotype Ib and VI, but was also found among strains of serotypes Ia, II, III and VIII. CONCLUSION We describe a relatively frequent occurrence of a novel PI-1 BP that cannot be detected by a commonly used multiplex PCR scheme, which could lead to strains being mistyped as PI-1 negative. We present PCR primers that can easily be incorporated into the multiplex PCR assay to identify strains with novel BP-1b variant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Walter Demczuk
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ji W, Zhang L, Guo Z, Xie S, Yang W, Chen J, Wang J, Cheng Z, Wang X, Zhu X, Wang J, Wang H, Huang J, Liang N, McIver DJ. Colonization prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Group B Streptococcus in pregnant women over a 6-year period in Dongguan, China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183083. [PMID: 28813477 PMCID: PMC5557540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of recto-vaginal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among pregnant women in Dongguan, China. Recto-vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women at gestational age 35–37 weeks between January 1st 2009 and December 31st 2014. Isolates were serotyped by latex-agglutination and were tested against seven antimicrobials by disk diffusion. Of 7,726 pregnant women who completed GBS testing, 636 (8.2%) were GBS carriers. Of 153 GBS isolates available for typing, 6 serotypes (Ia, Ib, III, V, VI and VIII) were identified with type III being predominant, while 9 (5.9%) were non-typable isolates. All isolates were sensitive to penicillin, ceftriaxone, linezolid and vancomycin, whereas 52.4% were resistant to clindamycin, 25.9% were resistant to levofloxacin and 64.9% were resistant to erythromycin. This study showed the recto-vaginal colonization prevalence of GBS in Dongguan is significant. Due to 100% susceptibility to penicillin of all GBS samples, penicillin remains the first recommendation for treatment and prevention against GBS infection. Susceptibility testing should be performed for women allergic to penicillin in order to choose the most appropriate antibacterial agents for treatment and prevention of vertical transmission to neonates. In addition, we suggest establishing standard processes for GBS culture and identification in China as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Donghua Hospital, Dongguan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhusheng Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Donghua Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Shujin Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Donghua Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Junjian Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhiqin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Donghua Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuehai Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Donghua Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Donghua Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Donghua Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
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Update on community-acquired bacterial meningitis: guidance and challenges. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:601-606. [PMID: 28478238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing heterogeneity in diagnostic work-up and treatment strategies in bacterial meningitis was the incentive to develop a European evidence-based guideline, which was published in 2016 by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group on Infections of the Brain (ESGIB). AIMS To summarize salient features of the guideline, identify recent developments and challenges currently faced. SOURCES The ESCMID guideline, ongoing trial registries. CONTENT Epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic work-up and therapy strategies of acute bacterial meningitis. IMPLICATIONS The incidence of bacterial meningitis has decreased following pneumococcal and meningococcal conjugate vaccine introduction. In the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis the clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters are of limited diagnostic accuracy and therefore cerebrospinal fluid analysis remains the principal contributor to the final diagnosis. The ESCMID guideline advises to start empiric treatment within one hour of arrival in all suspected meningitis cases, and choice of antibiotics needs to be differentiated according to the patient's age, risk factors, and local resistance rates of pneumococci. Dexamethasone is the only proven adjunctive treatment and should be started together with the antibiotics. The follow-up of surviving patients should include evaluation for hearing loss and pneumococcal vaccination to prevent recurrences. Future perspectives include further development and implementation of vaccines, and new treatments aimed at further reducing the inflammatory response. Studies on implementation of the new guideline should determine adherence and evaluate whether improved prognosis can be achieved by following protocolled management strategies.
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Neonatal Group B Streptococcus Infections: Prevention Strategies, Clinical and Microbiologic Characteristics in 7 Years of Surveillance. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:256-262. [PMID: 27870810 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of group B streptococcus (GBS) neonatal disease in a period of 7 years are reported. METHODS The estimation of the neonatal GBS disease risk and prevention strategies adopted at delivery in absence of national guidelines was evaluated by the analysis of 3501 questionnaires. Notification of 194 neonatal GBS infections was recorded. In addition, 115 strains from neonatal early-onset disease (EOD) and late-onset disease, respectively, plus 320 strains from pregnant women were analyzed by molecular typing methods and for antibiotic resistance. RESULTS Preterm deliveries, precipitous labor and GBS negatively screened mothers were the prominent causes for an inadequate or lack of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and EOD occurrence. The superimposable serotype distribution of GBS strains from EOD and from antenatal screening confirmed the vertical transmission from mother to neonate as the cause of disease. On the contrary, late-onset disease was almost exclusively caused by the internationally diffused clonal complex 17. Erythromycin resistance was detected in 17% of strains. Resistance to clindamycin was 15.3 %. CONCLUSIONS The administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to negatively GBS screened women in presence of risk factors was a deviation from the recommendations issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and it should deserve further consideration. Routine surveillance and molecular typing of circulating clones are essential for the effective management of the neonatal GBS disease.
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From Immunologically Archaic to Neoteric Glycovaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5010004. [PMID: 28134792 PMCID: PMC5371740 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides (PS) are present in the outermost surface of bacteria and readily come in contact with immune cells. They interact with specific antibodies, which in turn confer protection from infections. Vaccines with PS from pneumococci, meningococci, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Salmonella typhi may be protective, although with the important constraint of failing to generate permanent immunological memory. This limitation has in part been circumvented by conjugating glycovaccines to proteins that stimulate T helper cells and facilitate the establishment of immunological memory. Currently, protection evoked by conjugated PS vaccines lasts for a few years. The same approach failed with PS from staphylococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Klebsiella. All those germs cause severe infections in humans and often develop resistance to antibiotic therapy. Thereby, prevention is of increasing importance to better control outbreaks. As only 23 of more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes and 4 of 13 clinically relevant Neisseria meningitidis serogroups are covered by available vaccines there is still tremendous clinical need for PS vaccines. This review focuses on glycovaccines and the immunological mechanisms for their success or failure. We discuss recent advances that may facilitate generation of high affinity anti-PS antibodies and confer specific immunity and long-lasting protection.
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Efstratiou A, Lamagni T, Turner CE. Streptococci and Enterococci. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Maruggi G, Chiarot E, Giovani C, Buccato S, Bonacci S, Frigimelica E, Margarit I, Geall A, Bensi G, Maione D. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy induced by self-amplifying mRNA vaccines encoding bacterial antigens. Vaccine 2016; 35:361-368. [PMID: 27939014 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines represent an attractive approach to vaccination, combining the positive attributes of both viral vectors and live-attenuated vaccines, without the inherent limitations of each technology. We have developed a novel technology, the Self-Amplifying mRNA (SAM) platform, which is based on the synthesis of self-amplifying mRNA formulated and delivered as a vaccine. SAM vaccines have been shown to stimulate robust innate and adaptive immune responses in small animals and non-human primates against a variety of viral antigens, thus representing a safe and versatile tool against viral infections. To assess whether the SAM technology could be used for a broader range of targets, we investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of SAM vaccines expressing antigens from Group A (GAS) and Group B (GBS) Streptococci, as models of bacterial pathogens. Two prototype bacterial antigens (the double-mutated GAS Streptolysin-O (SLOdm) and the GBS pilus 2a backbone protein (BP-2a)) were successfully expressed by SAM vectors. Mice immunized with both vaccines produced significant amounts of fully functional serum antibodies. The antibody responses generated by SAM vaccines were capable of conferring consistent protection in murine models of GAS and GBS infections. Inclusion of a eukaryotic secretion signal or boosting with the recombinant protein resulted in higher specific-antibody levels and protection. Our results support the concept of using SAM vaccines as potential solution for a wide range of both viral and bacterial pathogens, due to the versatility of the manufacturing processes and the broad spectrum of elicited protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cinzia Giovani
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Scilla Buccato
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Geall
- GSK Vaccines, 350 Massachusetts Avenue, Mail Stop 45SS, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Giuliano Bensi
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Patel P, Kearney JF. Immunological Outcomes of Antibody Binding to Glycans Shared between Microorganisms and Mammals. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:4201-4209. [PMID: 27864551 PMCID: PMC5119654 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycans constitute basic cellular components of living organisms across biological kingdoms, and glycan-binding Abs participate in many cellular interactions during immune defense against pathogenic organisms. Glycan epitopes are expressed as carbohydrate-only entities or as oligomers or polymers on proteins and lipids. Such epitopes on glycoproteins may be formed by posttranslational modifications or neoepitopes resulting from metabolic-catabolic processes and can be altered during inflammation. Pathogenic organisms can display host-like glycans to evade the host immune response. However, Abs to glycans, shared between microorganisms and the host, exist naturally. These Abs are able to not only protect against infectious disease, but also are involved in host housekeeping functions and can suppress allergic disease. Despite the reactivity of these Abs to glycans shared between microorganisms and host, diverse tolerance-inducing mechanisms permit the B cell precursors of these Ab-secreting cells to exist within the normal B cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyam Patel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Kobayashi M, Vekemans J, Baker CJ, Ratner AJ, Le Doare K, Schrag SJ. Group B Streptococcus vaccine development: present status and future considerations, with emphasis on perspectives for low and middle income countries. F1000Res 2016; 5:2355. [PMID: 27803803 PMCID: PMC5070600 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9363.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young infants, with its greatest burden in the first 90 days of life. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for women at risk of transmitting GBS to their newborns has been effective in reducing, but not eliminating, the young infant GBS disease burden in many high income countries. However, identification of women at risk and administration of IAP is very difficult in many low and middle income country (LMIC) settings, and is not possible for home deliveries. Immunization of pregnant women with a GBS vaccine represents an alternate pathway to protecting newborns from GBS disease, through the transplacental antibody transfer to the fetus in utero. This approach to prevent GBS disease in young infants is currently under development, and is approaching late stage clinical evaluation. This manuscript includes a review of the natural history of the disease, global disease burden estimates, diagnosis and existing control options in different settings, the biological rationale for a vaccine including previous supportive studies, analysis of current candidates in development, possible correlates of protection and current status of immunogenicity assays. Future potential vaccine development pathways to licensure and use in LMICs, trial design and implementation options are discussed, with the objective to provide a basis for reflection, rather than recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Kobayashi
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Johan Vekemans
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carol J. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Center for Vaccine Awareness and Research, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Adam J. Ratner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stephanie J. Schrag
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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Jiang H, Chen M, Li T, Liu H, Gong Y, Li M. Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae Causing Community- and Hospital-Acquired Infections in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1308. [PMID: 27625635 PMCID: PMC5003847 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, a colonizing agent in pregnant women and the main cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis, has been increasingly associated with invasive disease in nonpregnant adults. We collected a total of 87 non-repetitive S. agalactiae isolates causing community-acquired (CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) infections in nonpregnant adults from a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2009 and 2013. We identified and characterized their antibiotic resistance, sequence type (ST), serotype, virulence, and biofilm formation. The most frequent STs were ST19 (29.9%), ST23 (16.1%), ST12 (13.8%), and ST1 (12.6%). ST19 had significantly different distributions between CA- and HA-group B Streptococci (GBS) isolates. The most frequent serotypes were III (32.2%), Ia (26.4%), V (14.9%), Ib (13.8%), and II (5.7%). Serotype III/ST19 was significantly associated with levofloxacin resistance in all isoates. The HA-GBS multidrug resistant rate was much higher than that of CA-GBS. Virulence genes pavA, cfb were found in all isolates. Strong correlations exist between serotype Ib (CA and HA) and surface protein genes spb1 and bac, serotype III (HA) and surface protein gene cps and GBS pilus cluster. The serotype, epidemic clone, PFGE-based genotype, and virulence gene are closely related between CA-GBS and HA-GBS, and certain serotypes and clone types were significantly associated with antibiotic resistance. However, CA-GBS and HA-GBS still had significant differences in their distribution of clone types, antibiotic resistance, and specific virulence genes, which may provide a basis for infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai, China; Shanghai Institutes of Preventive MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
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Kenchington AL, Lamont RF. Group B streptococcal immunisation of pregnant women for the prevention of early and late onset Group B streptococcal infection of the neonate as well as adult disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:15-25. [PMID: 27385362 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1209113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early onset neonatal Group B streptococcal disease is preventable. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has resulted in a significant reduction in neonatal mortality and morbidity. National guidelines for the selection of women eligible for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, whether screening-based or risk-based, differ according to the local burden of disease. Despite the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, there remains a significant burden of disease, which can be resolved by better adherence to guidelines, rapid identification of maternal colonization or in the future, vaccination. Areas covered: The introduction of a vaccine to women in the third trimester is likely to further reduce the burden of disease and provide benefits beyond the prevention of early neonatal disease, including meningitis and disability following late onset disease. Development of specific polyvalent vaccines continues, but testing has challenges and may require surrogate markers or molecular-based techniques to manipulate antigenicity and immunogenicity. Expert commentary: Group B streptococcal vaccination using conjugated polyvalent vaccines against the major disease causing serotypes of Group B streptococcus, either alone, or in combination with a policy of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, may decrease the burden of Group B streptococcus beyond that achieved by current use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald F Lamont
- b Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Institute , University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark.,c Division of Surgery , University College London, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research Campus , London , UK
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Leroux-Roels G, Maes C, Willekens J, De Boever F, de Rooij R, Martell L, Bedell L, Wittke F, Slobod K, Dull P. A randomized, observer-blind Phase Ib study to identify formulations and vaccine schedules of a trivalent Group B Streptococcus vaccine for use in non-pregnant and pregnant women. Vaccine 2016; 34:1786-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Belard S, Toepfner N, Capan-Melser M, Mombo-Ngoma G, Zoleko-Manego R, Groger M, Matsiegui PB, Agnandji ST, Adegnika AA, González R, Kremsner PG, Menendez C, Ramharter M, Berner R. Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Pregnant Women in Gabon, Central Africa. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17281. [PMID: 26603208 PMCID: PMC4658565 DOI: 10.1038/srep17281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal invasive disease due to Streptococcus agalactiae is life threatening and preventive strategies suitable for resource limited settings are urgently needed. Protective coverage of vaccine candidates based on capsular epitopes will relate to local epidemiology of S. agalactiae serotypes and successful management of critical infections depends on timely therapy with effective antibiotics. This is the first report on serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. agalactiae in pregnant women from a Central African region. Serotypes V, III, and Ib accounted for 88/109 (81%) serotypes and all isolates were susceptible to penicillin and clindamycin while 13% showed intermediate susceptibility to erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Belard
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Toepfner
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mesküre Capan-Melser
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Département de Parasitologie, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Rella Zoleko-Manego
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Ngounie Medical Research Centre, Fougamou, Gabon
| | - Mirjam Groger
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Selidji T Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayôla A Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raquel González
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic- Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clara Menendez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic- Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Ramharter
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Vinnemeier CD, Brust P, Owusu-Dabo E, Sarpong N, Sarfo EY, Bio Y, Rolling T, Dekker D, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Eberhardt KA, May J, Cramer JP. Group B Streptococci serotype distribution in pregnant women in Ghana: assessment of potential coverage through future vaccines. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 20:1516-1524. [PMID: 26285044 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization of pregnant women can lead to subsequent infection of the new-born and potentially fatal invasive disease. Data on GBS colonization prevalence and serotype distribution from Africa are scarce, although GBS-related infections are estimated to contribute substantially to infant mortality. In recent years, GBS vaccine candidates provided promising results in phase I and II clinical trials. We aimed to assess the prevalence and serotype distribution of GBS in Ghana since this knowledge is a prerequisite for future evaluation of vaccine trials. METHODS This double-centre study was conducted in one rural and one urban hospital in central Ghana, West Africa. Women in late pregnancy (≥35 weeks of gestation) attending the antenatal care clinic (ANC) provided recto-vaginal swabs for GBS testing. GBS isolates were analysed for serotype and antibiotic susceptibility. GBS-positive women were treated with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) according to current guidelines of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). RESULTS In total, 519 women were recruited at both study sites, recto-vaginal swabs were taken from 509. The overall prevalence of GBS was 19.1% (18.1% in rural Pramso and 23.1% in urban Kumasi, restrospectively). Capsular polysaccharide serotype (CPS) Ia accounted for the most frequent serotype beyond all isolates (28.1%), followed by serotype V (27.1%) and III (21.9%). No resistance to Penicillin was found, resistances to second line antibiotics clindamycin and erythromycin were 3.1% and 1%, respectively. DISCUSSION Group B Streptococcus serotype distribution in Ghana is similar to that worldwide, but variations in prevalence of certain serotypes between the urban and rural study site were high. Antibiotic resistance of GBS strains was surprisingly low in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Vinnemeier
- Section Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinical Research Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Brust
- Clinical Research Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - N Sarpong
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Y Sarfo
- St. Michael's Hospital, Pramso, Ghana
| | - Y Bio
- Campus Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - T Rolling
- Section Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinical Research Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Dekker
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Adu-Sarkodie
- Faculty of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - K A Eberhardt
- Clinical Research Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J May
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J P Cramer
- Section Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinical Research Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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González-Romo F, Picazo JJ. [Development of new vaccines]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:557-68. [PMID: 26341041 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent and important advances in the fields of immunology, genomics, functional genomics, immunogenetics, immunogenomics, bioinformatics, microbiology, genetic engineering, systems biology, synthetic biochemistry, proteomics, metabolomics and nanotechnology, among others, have led to new approaches in the development of vaccines. The better identification of ideal epitopes, the strengthening of the immune response due to new adjuvants, and the search of new routes of vaccine administration, are good examples of advances that are already a reality and that will favour the development of more vaccines, their use in indicated population groups, or its production at a lower cost. There are currently more than 130 vaccines are under development against the more wished (malaria or HIV), difficult to get (CMV or RSV), severe re-emerging (Dengue or Ebola), increasing importance (Chagas disease or Leishmania), and nosocomial emerging (Clostridium difficile or Staphylococcus aureus) infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando González-Romo
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - Juan J Picazo
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Pellegrini C, McCabe ERB. Maternal immunization at the crossroads. Vaccine 2015; 33:6501-2. [PMID: 26256524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Pellegrini
- March of Dimes Foundation, 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
| | - Edward R B McCabe
- March of Dimes Foundation, 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
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Nilo A, Morelli L, Passalacqua I, Brogioni B, Allan M, Carboni F, Pezzicoli A, Zerbini F, Maione D, Fabbrini M, Romano MR, Hu QY, Margarit I, Berti F, Adamo R. Anti-Group B Streptococcus Glycan-Conjugate Vaccines Using Pilus Protein GBS80 As Carrier and Antigen: Comparing Lysine and Tyrosine-directed Conjugation. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1737-46. [PMID: 25906283 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gram-positive Streptococcus agalactiae or group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of invasive infections in pregnant women, newborns, and elderly people. Vaccination of pregnant women represents the best strategy for prevention of neonatal disease, and GBS polysaccharide-based conjugate vaccines are currently under clinical testing. The potential of GBS pilus proteins selected by genome-based reverse vaccinology as protective antigens for anti-streptococcal vaccines has also been demonstrated. Dressing pilus proteins with surface glycan antigens could be an attractive approach to extend vaccine coverage. We have recently developed an efficient method for tyrosine-directed ligation of large glycans to proteins via copper-free azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition. This method enables targeting of predetermined sites of the protein, ensuring that protein epitopes are preserved prior to glycan coupling and a higher consistency in glycoconjugate batches. Herein, we compared conjugates of the GBS type II polysaccharide (PSII) and the GBS80 pilus protein obtained by classic lysine random conjugation and by the recently developed tyrosine-directed ligation. PSII conjugated to CRM197, a carrier protein used for vaccines in the market, was used as a control. We found that the constructs made from PSII and GBS80 were able to elicit murine antibodies recognizing individually the glycan and protein epitopes on the bacterial surface. The generated antibodies were efficacious in mediating opsonophagocytic killing of strains expressing exclusively PSII or GBS80 proteins. The two glycoconjugates were also effective in protecting newborn mice against GBS infection following vaccination of the dams. Altogether, these results demonstrated that polysaccharide-conjugated GBS80 pilus protein functions as a carrier comparably to CRM197, while maintaining its properties of protective protein antigen. Glycoconjugation and reverse vaccinology can, therefore, be combined to design vaccines with broad coverage. This approach opens a path to a new generation of vaccines. Tyrosine-ligation allows creation of more homogeneous vaccines, correlation of the immune response to defined connectivity points, and fine-tuning of the conjugation site in glycan-protein conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nilo
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Morelli
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Irene Passalacqua
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Brogioni
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Martin Allan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Filippo Carboni
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pezzicoli
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Zerbini
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Domenico Maione
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Fabbrini
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Qi-Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Francesco Berti
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Adamo
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Darlow BA, Voss L, Lennon DR, Grimwood K. Early-onset neonatal group B streptococcus sepsis following national risk-based prevention guidelines. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 56:69-74. [PMID: 26172580 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal infection with group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important cause of infant mortality. Intrapartum antibiotics reduce early-onset GBS sepsis, but recommendations vary as to whether they should be offered following antenatal screening or based on risk factors alone. We aimed to determine the incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis in New Zealand five years after the publication of national risk-based GBS prevention guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective surveillance of early-onset GBS sepsis (defined as infection in the first 48 h of life) was undertaken between April 2009 and March 2011 through the auspices of the New Zealand Paediatric Surveillance Unit as part of a survey of infection presenting in the first week of life. RESULTS There were 29 cases of confirmed early-onset GBS sepsis, including one case of meningitis, giving an incidence rate of 0.23 per 1000 (95% CI 0.16-0.33) live births. Three infants (10.3%) died. In 16 cases (55%), a maternal risk factor qualifying the mother for intrapartum antibiotics was present, but only five (31%) received this intervention. A retrospective review of the major hospital laboratory databases for this period identified two additional cases. A secondary sensitivity analysis taking account of these cases provided an estimated national incidence of 0.26 (95% CI 0.18-0.37) per 1000 live births. CONCLUSIONS Ten years after a similar survey and five years after promoting a single, risk-based prevention protocol nationally, the incidence of early-onset GBS disease in New Zealand has more than halved, but opportunities remain to further reduce the rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Darlow
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Voss
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Diana R Lennon
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Kidz First and Starship Children's Hospitals, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Chang B, Wada A, Hosoya M, Oishi T, Ishiwada N, Oda M, Sato T, Terauchi Y, Okada K, Nishi J, Akeda H, Kamiya H, Ohnishi M, Ihara T. Characteristics of group B Streptococcus isolated from infants with invasive infections: a population-based study in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 67:356-60. [PMID: 25241685 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.67.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the leading causes of neonatal bacterial infections. Population-based surveillance of GBS-related invasive diseases among newborns and infants from 10 prefectures in Japan was performed between 2007 and 2012. The characteristics of cases and isolated GBS are described in this study. The incidence rate of GBS-related invasive diseases was 0.13 per 1,000 live births. Analysis of GBS samples obtained from 60 invasive cases showed that the most frequent serotypes were III (48.3%), Ia (30.0%), and Ib (10.0%). All isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, and panipenem. However, 14, 2, and 7 isolates were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and both erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that GBS sequence type (ST) 23, ST17, and ST335 caused higher incidences of meningitis. These data show that serotypes III, Ia, and Ib together caused more than 80% of invasive infections in Japanese infants, and that GBS strains are still susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chang
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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