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Foglia EA, Lembo T, Kazwala R, Ekwem D, Shirima G, Grazioli S, Brocchi E, Pezzoni G. Combining Multiple Assays Improves Detection and Serotyping of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. A Practical Example with Field Samples from East Africa. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081583. [PMID: 34452448 PMCID: PMC8412026 DOI: 10.3390/v13081583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple serotypes and topotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) circulate in endemic areas, posing considerable impacts locally. In addition, introductions into new areas are of great concern. Indeed, in recent years, multiple FMDV outbreaks, caused by topotypes that have escaped from their original areas, have been recorded in various parts of the world. In both cases, rapid and accurate diagnosis, including the identification of the serotype and topotype causing the given outbreaks, plays an important role in the implementation of the most effective and appropriate measures to control the spread of the disease. In the present study, we describe the performance of a range of diagnostic and typing tools for FMDV on a panel of vesicular samples collected in northern Tanzania (East Africa, EA) during 2012–2018. Specifically, we tested these samples with a real-time RT-PCR targeting 3D sequence for pan-FMDV detection; an FMDV monoclonal antibody-based antigen (Ag) detection and serotyping ELISA kit; virus isolation (VI) on LFBKαVβ6 cell line; and a panel of four topotype-specific real-time RT-PCRs, specifically tailored for circulating strains in EA. The 3D real-time RT-PCR showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity, but it lacked typing capacity. Ag-ELISA detected and typed FMDV in 71% of sample homogenates, while VI combined with Ag-ELISA for typing showed an efficiency of 82%. The panel of topotype-specific real-time RT-PCRs identified and typed FMDV in 93% of samples. However, the SAT1 real-time RT-PCR had the highest (20%) failure rate. Briefly, topotype-specific real-time RT-PCRs had the highest serotyping capacity for EA FMDVs, although four assays were required, while the Ag-ELISA, which was less sensitive, was the most user-friendly, hence suitable for any laboratory level. In conclusion, when the four compared tests were used in combination, both the diagnostic and serotyping performances approached 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrem Alessandro Foglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.G.); (E.B.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tiziana Lembo
- The Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (T.L.); (D.E.)
| | - Rudovick Kazwala
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha 23306, Tanzania; (R.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Divine Ekwem
- The Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (T.L.); (D.E.)
| | - Gabriel Shirima
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha 23306, Tanzania; (R.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Santina Grazioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.G.); (E.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.G.); (E.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.G.); (E.B.); (G.P.)
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Meta-analysis of Genetic Diversity of the VP1 Gene Among the Circulating O, A, and SAT2 Serotypes and Vaccine Strains of FMD Virus in Egypt. J Vet Res 2020; 64:487-493. [PMID: 33367136 PMCID: PMC7734679 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Three strains of the FMD virus (A, O, and SAT 2) were recognised as causes of the FMD circulating in Egypt. The aims of this study were to trace the FMDV isolates from outbreaks in Egypt to understand their epidemiology and evolution and to understand the situation of the vaccine strains compared with the circulating serotypes. Material and Methods A meta-analysis was carried out by using the data available for FMD outbreaks in Egypt from GenBank and the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD); a comparison was done with both data sets for the three serotypes. MEGA-X was used for the evolution analysis, through constructions of phylogenetic trees for all sequences recorded in GenBank for each serotype in different Egyptian outbreaks in different years and also within the same year. Additionally, nucleotide substitution rate, molecular clock, and mean evolutionary rates were estimated for the three serotypes to understand and compare their evolution. Results Absence of some records of certain serotype outbreaks from the WRLFMD database was noted as were subsequent missing appropriate vaccine programmes. Genetic variation was recorded among the virus isolates within the same years and also the vaccine strain was associated with up to 26 amino acid substitutions. The evolution rate of the SAT2 strain was the highest of the circulating strains. SAT2 had high amino acid substitution per year at an important immunogenic site (130–170), serotype A had less, and serotype O the least. Conclusion The need for different strategies for vaccine serotype selection is indicated.
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Limon G, Ulziibat G, Sandag B, Dorj S, Purevtseren D, Khishgee B, Basan G, Bandi T, Ruuragch S, Bruce M, Rushton J, Beard PM, Lyons NA. Socio-economic impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease outbreaks and control measures: An analysis of Mongolian outbreaks in 2017. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2034-2049. [PMID: 32181584 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mongolia is a large landlocked country in Central Asia and has one of the highest per capita livestock ratios in the world. During 2017, reported foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in Mongolia increased considerably, prompting widespread disease control measures. This study estimates the socio-economic impact of FMD and subsequent control measures on Mongolian herders. The analysis encompassed quantification of the impact on subsistence farmers' livelihoods and food security and estimation of the national-level gross losses due to reaction and expenditure during 2017. Data were collected from 112 herders across eight provinces that reported disease. Seventy of these herders had cases of FMD, while 42 did not have FMD in their animals but were within quarantine zones. Overall, 86/112 herders reported not drinking milk for a period of time and 38/112 reduced their meat consumption. Furthermore, 55 herders (49.1%) had to borrow money to buy food, medicines and/or pay bills or bank loans. Among herders with FMD cases, the median attack rate was 31.7%, 3.8% and 0.59% in cattle, sheep and goats, respectively, with important differences across provinces. Herders with clinical cases before the winter had higher odds of reporting a reduction in their meat consumption. National-level gross losses due to FMD in 2017 were estimated using government data. The estimate of gross economic loss was 18.4 billion Mongolian-tugriks (US$7.35 million) which equates to approximately 0.65% of the Mongolian GDP. The FMD outbreaks combined with current control measures have negatively impacted herders' livelihoods (including herders with and without cases of FMD) which are likely to reduce stakeholder advocacy. Possible strategies that could be employed to ameliorate the negative effects of the current control policy were identified. The findings and approach are relevant to other FMD endemic regions aiming to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ganzorig Basan
- State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tsolmon Bandi
- General Agency for Veterinary Services, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philippa M Beard
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Midlothian, UK
| | - Nicholas A Lyons
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
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Mansilla FC, Turco CS, Miraglia MC, Bessone FA, Franco R, Pérez-Filgueira M, Sala JM, Capozzo AV. The role of viral particle integrity in the serological assessment of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine-induced immunity in swine. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232782. [PMID: 32369529 PMCID: PMC7199947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) inactivated vaccines is mainly dependent on the integrity of the whole (146S) viral particles. If the intact capsids disassemble to 12S subunits, antibodies against internal-not protective epitopes, may be induced. Serological correlates with protection may be hampered if antibodies against internal epitopes are measured. Here we compared the performance of different ELISAs with the virus-neutralization test (VNT) that measures antibodies against exposed epitopes. Sera from pigs immunized with one dose of an expired commercial FMDV vaccine were used. This vaccine contained about 50% of O1/Campos and over 90% of A24/Cruzeiro strains total antigen as whole 146S particles. Specific-total antibodies were measured with the standard liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE). We also developed an indirect ELISA (IE) using sucrose gradient purified 146S particles as capture antigen to titrate total antibodies, IgM, IgG1 and IgG2. A good correlation was found between VNT titers and IgG-ELISAs for A24/Cruzeiro, with the lowest correlation coefficient estimated for IgG2 titers. For O1/Campos, however, the presence of antibodies against epitopes different from those of the whole capsid, elicited by the presence of 12S particles in the vaccine, hampered the correlation between LPBE and VNT, which was improved by using purified O1/Campos 146S-particles for the liquid-phase of the LPBE. Interestingly, 146S particles but not 12S were efficiently bound to the ELISA plates, confirming the efficiency of the IE to detect antibodies against exposed epitopes. Our results indicate that any serological test assessing total antibodies or IgG1 against epitopes exposed in intact 146S-particles correlate with the levels of serum neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated pigs, and might potentially replace the VNT, upon validation. We recommend that antigen used for serological assays aimed to measure protective antibodies against FMDV should be controlled to ensure the preservation of 146S viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Celeste Mansilla
- IVIT, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Soledad Turco
- IVIT, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cruz Miraglia
- IVIT, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Raúl Franco
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria "Marcos Juárez", INTA, Marcos Juarez, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano Pérez-Filgueira
- IVIT, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Sala
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria "Mercedes", INTA, Merdeces, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Victoria Capozzo
- IVIT, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ferrer-Miranda E, de Almeida EC, Tadeu Cristino C, Albuquerque J, Santoro KR. Timeliness of vesicular disease notification system in Brazilian foot-and-mouth disease surveillance programme. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1517-1531. [PMID: 31965759 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Animal health surveillance programmes should be reliable and informative to ensure their effective implementation. As such, the regular assessment of those aiming to demonstrate the absence of disease, as well as the ability to detect outbreaks on time, is of vital importance. Several criteria make it possible to assess the performance of surveillance systems, including timeliness, which represents the speed between steps in a surveillance system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the variability in the timeliness, within and between states, of the surveillance programme of the Brazilian Veterinary Services (BVS) for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), for the notification of vesicular disease. A total of 14 years (2004-2017) of data relating to vesicular syndromes from the Brazilian Continental Information and Surveillance System (SivCont) were included. A categorical variable was created with four classes to group the notified vesicular processes in the SivCont, according to two criteria, the similarity of the symptoms of the diseases reported with FMD and aetiology (viral, bacterial, fungal and non-infectious). The three timeliness values (TL-1, TL-2 and TL-3) related to different portions of the FMD surveillance system were analysed as a response in a generalized linear model in which the states of Brazil were the explanatory variables. The analyses were performed separately for each notification class (FMD, vesicular stomatitis, similar symptoms and similar non-infectious symptoms) and included comparisons within and between states. The study results provide an understanding and evaluation of the timeliness of the Brazilian FMD surveillance system, thereby providing a base of knowledge from which involved agents and decision-makers can evaluate BVS and reinforce surveillance measures in the states with poorer timeliness than permitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyniesky Ferrer-Miranda
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Tadeu Cristino
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), Recife, Brazil
| | - Jones Albuquerque
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), Recife, Brazil.,Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology (LIKA/UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Kleber Régis Santoro
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), Recife, Brazil
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Chen J, Wang J, Wang M, Liang R, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Chen Q, Niu B. Retrospect and Risk Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in China Based on Integrated Surveillance and Spatial Analysis Tools. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:511. [PMID: 32039251 PMCID: PMC6986238 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of livestock and seriously affects the development of animal husbandry. It is necessary to defend the spread of FMD. To explore the distribution characteristics and transmission of FMD between 2010 and 2017 in China, Global Moran's I test and Getis-Ord Gi index were used to analyze the spatial cluster. A space-time permutation scan statistic was applied to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern. GIS-based method was employed to create a map representing the distribution pattern, directional trend, and hotspots for each outbreak. The number of cases was defined as the number of animals with FMD for the above analysis. We also constructed a phylogenetic tree to compare the homology and variation of FMD virus (FMDV) to provide a clue for the potential development of an effective vaccine. The results indicated that the FMD outbreaks in China had obvious time patterns and clusters in space and space-time, with the outbreaks concentrated in the first half of each year. The outbreaks of FMD decreased each year from 2010 with an obvious downward trend of hotspots. Spatial analysis revealed that the distribution of FMD outbreaks in 2010, 2015, and 2017 exhibited a clustered pattern. Space-time scanning revealed that the spatio-temporal clusters were centered in Guangdong, Tibet and the junction of Wuhan, Jiangxi, Anhui. Comparison of the spatial analysis and space-time analysis of FMD outbreaks revealed that Guangdong was the same cluster of the two in 2010. In addition, the directional trend analysis indicated that the FMD transmission was oriented northwest-southeast. The findings demonstrated that FMDV in China can be divided into three pedigrees and the homology of these strains is very high while comparing the first FMDV strain with the others. The data provide a basis for the effective monitoring and prevention of FMD, and for the development of an FMD vaccine in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjia Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirui Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Tech Ctr Anim Plant & Food Inspect & Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Hussain MH, Body MHH, Al-Subhi AHA, Al-Senaidi NYA, Eltahir HA, Mansoor MK, Al-Zadjali MS, Al-Habsi SS, Aluahmadi SSR, Al-Subhi RSN, Al-Beloushi MKI, Al-Riyami BST, Al-Rawahi AH, Al-Maawali MG. Seroepidemiology of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus non-structural protein (NSP) antibodies in the livestock of Oman. Acta Trop 2019; 199:105106. [PMID: 31348897 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious acute viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the affected countries. To estimate the serological prevalence of the local livestock to the natural infection with FMD virus, a cross-sectional study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in Oman. Sera from 5807 randomly selected animals (1792 cattle, 2119 goats and 1896 sheep) belonging to 884 herds were tested for the presence of antibodies against 3ABC non-structural protein (NSP) of the FMD virus by a Competition ELISA. Prevalence along with confidence intervals (CI) and odds ratio (OR) was calculated, and the data were further analysed through univariable and multivariable techniques. The herd-level seroprevalence of NSP (41.4%) varied significantly among 11 governorates of Oman. At herd-level seroprevalence varied significantly among cattle (55.2%), goats (38.2%) and sheep (37.7%). At animal-level, the significantly higher prevalence was recorded in cattle (26.8%) followed by sheep (17.9%) and goats (17.3%). Binary logistic regression analysis at the individual level indicated that cattle (OR: 1.88), livestock above one year of age (OR: 3.47), imported breeds (OR: 1.82) and females (OR: 1.27) were the risk factors associated with higher prevalence. Whereas, sedentary (OR: 2.63) farming system, vaccination against FMD (OR: 5.98) and previous history of FMD (OR: 5.55) were the variables found associated with higher seroprevalence at the herd-level. We conclude that natural infection of FMDV is widespread in Oman and in future molecular typing of FMD virus outbreaks strains and vaccine matching studies should be employed to develop an effective control program in Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hatim Ali Eltahir
- Animal Health Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Oman; Central Veterinary Research Laboratories, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | - Saif Said Al-Habsi
- Animal Health Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Oman
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Huyvaert KP, Russell RE, Patyk KA, Craft ME, Cross PC, Garner MG, Martin MK, Nol P, Walsh DP. Challenges and Opportunities Developing Mathematical Models of Shared Pathogens of Domestic and Wild Animals. Vet Sci 2018; 5:E92. [PMID: 30380736 PMCID: PMC6313884 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases that affect both wild and domestic animals can be particularly difficult to prevent, predict, mitigate, and control. Such multi-host diseases can have devastating economic impacts on domestic animal producers and can present significant challenges to wildlife populations, particularly for populations of conservation concern. Few mathematical models exist that capture the complexities of these multi-host pathogens, yet the development of such models would allow us to estimate and compare the potential effectiveness of management actions for mitigating or suppressing disease in wildlife and/or livestock host populations. We conducted a workshop in March 2014 to identify the challenges associated with developing models of pathogen transmission across the wildlife-livestock interface. The development of mathematical models of pathogen transmission at this interface is hampered by the difficulties associated with describing the host-pathogen systems, including: (1) the identity of wildlife hosts, their distributions, and movement patterns; (2) the pathogen transmission pathways between wildlife and domestic animals; (3) the effects of the disease and concomitant mitigation efforts on wild and domestic animal populations; and (4) barriers to communication between sectors. To promote the development of mathematical models of transmission at this interface, we recommend further integration of modern quantitative techniques and improvement of communication among wildlife biologists, mathematical modelers, veterinary medicine professionals, producers, and other stakeholders concerned with the consequences of pathogen transmission at this important, yet poorly understood, interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Huyvaert
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Robin E Russell
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Kelly A Patyk
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
| | - Meggan E Craft
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Paul C Cross
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA.
| | - M Graeme Garner
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Roma RM, Italy.
| | - Michael K Martin
- Livestock Poultry Health Division, Clemson University, Columbia, SC 29224, USA.
| | - Pauline Nol
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
| | - Daniel P Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
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Jaworski JP, Sala JM, Capozzo A. Short communication: Bovine leukemia virus infection in adult cows does not interfere with foot-and-mouth disease vaccination. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:11247-11250. [PMID: 30316588 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a widespread infection that can affect innate and adaptive immunity; however, little information exists on how BLV infection affects foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccination programs. Vaccination for FMDV is compulsory in many regions of the world, and vaccine efficacy is monitored by measuring total antibodies against this virus. In a previous study, we observed that BLV-infected heifers produced a lower amount of antibodies in response to FMDV at first vaccination. In this follow-up study, we show that BLV status does not interfere with the total level and avidity of anti-FMDV-specific antibodies induced after repetitive routine vaccination in adult cattle. This is relevant information for the proficiency of vaccine-based FMDV control programs in BLV-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Jaworski
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Virología, Buenos Aires, 1686, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Sala
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Virología, Buenos Aires, 1686, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Capozzo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina.
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Wiratsudakul A, Sekiguchi S. The implementation of cattle market closure strategies to mitigate the foot-and-mouth disease epidemics: A contact modeling approach. Res Vet Sci 2018; 121:76-84. [PMID: 30359814 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most endemic diseases in livestock worldwide. The disease occurrence generally results in a huge economic impact. The virus may distribute across countries or even continents along the contact network of animal movements. The present study, therefore, aimed to explore a cattle movement network originated in Tak, a Thailand-Myanmar bordered province and to demonstrate how FMDV spread among the nodes of market, source and destination. Subsequently, we examined the effectiveness of market closure intervention. The market-market (M-M) network was constructed to highlight the inter-market connections and the FMDV was modeled to spread along the trade chain. Four market closure scenarios based on rapidness and duration of implementation were examined. Our results indicate that two of the three major markets located in the province were highly connected and a strongly connected component was identified. The intra-provincial animal movements, which were currently overlooked, should be moved into sights as most of the high-risk sources for FMD epidemics were recognized in a close proximity to the cattle markets. Simultaneously, remote destinations across the country were identified. The inter-provincial animal movement control must be strengthened once FMD outbreak is notified. Based on our simulations, closing markets with low inter-market connectivity may not prevent the spread of FMDV. A selective market closure strategy targeting highly connected markets together with cattle trader tracking system was an alternative approach. However, socio-economic consequences regarding this intervention must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuwat Wiratsudakul
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Miller M, Liu L, Shwiff S, Shwiff S. Macroeconomic impact of foot‐and‐mouth disease vaccination strategies for an outbreak in the Midwestern United States: A computable general equilibrium. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:156-165. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lirong Liu
- Texas A&M University Commerce Commerce Texas
| | | | - Stephanie Shwiff
- USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado
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12
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Rios L, Perera CL, Coronado L, Relova D, Álvarez AM, Ganges L, Díaz de Arce H, Núñez JI, Pérez LJ. Multi-Target Strategy for Pan/Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Detection: A Combination of Sequences Analysis, in Silico Predictions and Laboratory Diagnostic Evaluation. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:160. [PMID: 30050913 PMCID: PMC6052897 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals that causes severe economic losses. The disease is characterized by a vesicular condition and it cannot be differentiated from other vesicular diseases. Therefore, laboratory confirmation of any suspected FMD case is compulsory. Despite viral isolation in cell cultures has been considered for many years as the gold standard for FMD diagnosis, the advantages of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) technology have motivated its use directly in clinical specimens for FMD diagnosis. The current work was aimed to develop and validate a molecular multi-check strategy using rRT-PCR (mMulti-rRT-PCR) based on SYBR-Green I for pan/foot-and-mouth disease virus (pan/FMDV) diagnosis. From in silico approaches, different primer pairs previously reported were selected and modified to reduce the likelihood of viral escape as well as potential failures in the pan/FMDV detection. The analytical parameters were evaluated using a high number of representative viral strains. The repeatability of the assay and its performance on field samples were also assessed. The mMulti-rRT-PCR was able to detect emergent FMDV strains that circulated in South America between the years 2006–2010 and on which the single rRT-PCRs failed when they were applied independently. The results obtained here showed that the proposed system is an accurate and rapid diagnosis method for sensitive and specific detection of FMDV. Thus, a validated mMulti-rRT-PCR assay based on SYBR-Green I detection coupled to melting curves resolution for pan/FMDV diagnosis on clinical samples is proposed. This study also highlights the need to incorporate the multi-target detection principle in the diagnosis of highly variable agents, specially, of those listed by OIE like FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Carmen L Perera
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Liani Coronado
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Damarys Relova
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Ana M Álvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain.,IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José I Núñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lester J Pérez
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
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13
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A 12-residue epitope displayed on phage T7 reacts strongly with antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4131-4142. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Layton DS, Choudhary A, Bean AGD. Breaking the chain of zoonoses through biosecurity in livestock. Vaccine 2017; 35:5967-5973. [PMID: 28826750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increases in global travel, trade and urbanisation are leading to greater incidence of zoonotic disease, and livestock are often a key link in the spread of disease to humans. As such, livestock vaccination strategies, as a part of broader biosecurity solutions, are critical to both animal and human health. Importantly, approaches that restrict infectious agents in livestock, not only protects their economic value but should reduce the potential for spill over infections in humans. Biosecurity solutions to livestock health can take a number of different forms and are generally heavily weighted towards prevention of infection rather than treatment. Therefore, vaccination can provide an effective component of a strategic approach, particularly as production economics dictate the use of cost effective solutions. Furthermore, in an evolving global environment there is a need for vaccines that accommodate for lower socioeconomic and rapidly emerging zoonotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Layton
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratories, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anupma Choudhary
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratories, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andrew G D Bean
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratories, Geelong, Australia.
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15
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Webster JP, Borlase A, Rudge JW. Who acquires infection from whom and how? Disentangling multi-host and multi-mode transmission dynamics in the 'elimination' era. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160091. [PMID: 28289259 PMCID: PMC5352818 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-host infectious agents challenge our abilities to understand, predict and manage disease dynamics. Within this, many infectious agents are also able to use, simultaneously or sequentially, multiple modes of transmission. Furthermore, the relative importance of different host species and modes can itself be dynamic, with potential for switches and shifts in host range and/or transmission mode in response to changing selective pressures, such as those imposed by disease control interventions. The epidemiology of such multi-host, multi-mode infectious agents thereby can involve a multi-faceted community of definitive and intermediate/secondary hosts or vectors, often together with infectious stages in the environment, all of which may represent potential targets, as well as specific challenges, particularly where disease elimination is proposed. Here, we explore, focusing on examples from both human and animal pathogen systems, why and how we should aim to disentangle and quantify the relative importance of multi-host multi-mode infectious agent transmission dynamics under contrasting conditions, and ultimately, how this can be used to help achieve efficient and effective disease control.This article is part of the themed issue 'Opening the black box: re-examining the ecology and evolution of parasite transmission'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne P Webster
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Anna Borlase
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - James W Rudge
- Communicable Diseases Policy Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajavithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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16
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Romey A, Relmy A, Gorna K, Laloy E, Zientara S, Blaise-Boisseau S, Bakkali Kassimi L. Safe and cost-effective protocol for shipment of samples from Foot-and-Mouth Disease suspected cases for laboratory diagnostic. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:197-204. [PMID: 28387065 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An essential step towards the global control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the identification of circulating virus strains in endemic regions to implement adequate outbreak control measures. However, due to the high biological risk and the requirement for biological samples to be shipped frozen, the cost of shipping samples becomes one of major obstacles hindering submission of suspected samples to reference laboratories for virus identification. In this study, we report the development of a cost-effective and safe method for shipment of FMD samples. The protocol is based on the inactivation of FMD virus (FMDV) on lateral flow device (LFD, penside test routinely used in the field for rapid immunodetection of FMDV), allowing its subsequent detection and typing by RT-PCR and recovery of live virus upon RNA transfection into permissive cells. After live FMDV collection onto LFD strip and soaking in 0.2% citric acid solution, the virus is totally inactivated. Viral RNA is still detectable by real-time RT-PCR following inactivation, and the virus strain can be characterized by sequencing of the VP1 coding region. In addition, live virus can be rescued by transfecting RNA extract from treated LFD into cells. This protocol should help promoting submission of FMD suspected samples to reference laboratories (by reducing the cost of sample shipping) and thus characterization of FMDV strains circulating in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romey
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, Laboratoire OIE de référence Fièvre Aphteuse, UMR Virologie 1161, Université Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - A Relmy
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, Laboratoire OIE de référence Fièvre Aphteuse, UMR Virologie 1161, Université Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - K Gorna
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, Laboratoire OIE de référence Fièvre Aphteuse, UMR Virologie 1161, Université Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - E Laloy
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, Laboratoire OIE de référence Fièvre Aphteuse, UMR Virologie 1161, Université Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S Zientara
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, Laboratoire OIE de référence Fièvre Aphteuse, UMR Virologie 1161, Université Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S Blaise-Boisseau
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, Laboratoire OIE de référence Fièvre Aphteuse, UMR Virologie 1161, Université Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - L Bakkali Kassimi
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, Laboratoire OIE de référence Fièvre Aphteuse, UMR Virologie 1161, Université Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
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17
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Hunt JP, Schinn SM, Jones MD, Bundy BC. Rapid, portable detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals through ligand-nuclear hormone receptor interactions. Analyst 2017; 142:4595-4600. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in biosensing technology are enabling rapid and portable detection of nuclear hormone receptor ligand endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Porter Hunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Brigham Young University
- Provo
- USA
| | - Song-Min Schinn
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Brigham Young University
- Provo
- USA
| | - Matthew D. Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Brigham Young University
- Provo
- USA
| | - Bradley C. Bundy
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Brigham Young University
- Provo
- USA
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18
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Complete Genome Sequence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype SAT3 Zimbabwe/4/81. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/4/e00801-16. [PMID: 27563037 PMCID: PMC5000821 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00801-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) serotype SAT3 virus ZIM/4/81, which belongs to a topotype 1 (SEZ), is reported here.
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19
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Novel 6xHis tagged foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine bound to nanolipoprotein adjuvant via metal ions provides antigenic distinction and effective protective immunity. Virology 2016; 495:136-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Puentes R, De Brun L, Algorta A, Da Silva V, Mansilla F, Sacco G, Llambí S, Capozzo AV. Evaluation of serological response to foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in BLV infected cows. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:119. [PMID: 27329153 PMCID: PMC4915103 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) produces disorders on the immune system in naturally infected animals, which may counteract the development of immunity after vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate whether healthy and BLV infected cattle elicited similar humoral responses after foot and mouth disease (FMD) immunization. In a field study, 35 Holstein heifers were selected based on their BLV serological status and immunized with a single dose of a commercial bivalent oil-based FMD vaccine. Serum samples were collected at 0, 15, 60, 165 and 300 days post vaccination (dpv). Results Total anti-A24/Cruzeiro antibodies, IgM, IgG1, IgG2 titers and avidity index of specific antibodies were determined by ELISA. Although only marginally significant differences were found between groups in terms of total antibodies, anti-FMD IgM and IgG1 titers were significantly lower in heifers infected with BLV at the 15 dpv (p < 0.01). Animals that became infected during the study did not show differences to the BLV negative group. Conclusions Cattle infected with BLV at the time of immunization may elicit a low-magnitude serological response to a commercial Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Puentes
- Immunology Area - Department of Microbiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Laureana De Brun
- Immunology Area - Department of Microbiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Agustina Algorta
- Immunology Area - Department of Microbiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Da Silva
- Immunology Area - Department of Microbiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Mansilla
- Centre of Veterinary Sciences and Agronomic Investigations, INTA, Virology Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia Llambí
- Genetics Area, Faculty of Veterinary, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra V Capozzo
- Centre of Veterinary Sciences and Agronomic Investigations, INTA, Virology Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET - National Council of Scientific and Technological Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Brito BP, Rodriguez LL, Hammond JM, Pinto J, Perez AM. Review of the Global Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from 2007 to 2014. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:316-332. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Brito
- Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Greenport NY USA
| | - L. L. Rodriguez
- Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Greenport NY USA
| | - J. M. Hammond
- Centre for Animal & Plant Biosecurity; NSW Department of Primary Industries; Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute; Menangle NSW Australia
| | - J. Pinto
- Animal Health Service; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Rome Italy
| | - A. M. Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN USA
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22
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Lee SY, Park ME, Kim RH, Ko MK, Lee KN, Kim SM, Shim HS, Kim B, Lee JS, Park JH. Genetic and immunologic relationships between vaccine and field strains for vaccine selection of type A foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in East Asia. Vaccine 2014; 33:664-9. [PMID: 25528521 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Of the seven known serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), type A has the most diverse variations. Genetic variations also occur frequently at VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4 because these proteins constitute the viral capsid. The structural proteins of FMDV, which are closely related to immunologic correlations, are the most easily analyzed because they have highly accessible information. In this study we analyzed the type A vaccine viruses by alignment of available sequences in order to find appropriate vaccine strains. The matching rate of ASIA topotype-specific sites (20 amino acids) located on the viral surface, which are mainly VP1 and VP2, was highly related to immunologic reactivity. Among the available vaccines analyzed in this study, we suggest that A Malaysia 97 could be used as a vaccine virus as it has the highest genetic similarity and immunologic aspects to field strains originating in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea; Veterinary College, Chungnam National University, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Eun Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea; Veterinary College, Chungnam National University, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Hyung Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Sub Shim
- Gyeonggi Province Veterinary Service Center, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 456-823, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Veterinary College, Chungnam National University, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manangu, Anyang city, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
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