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Zinnecker T, Reichl U, Genzel Y. Innovations in cell culture-based influenza vaccine manufacturing - from static cultures to high cell density cultivations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2373521. [PMID: 39007904 PMCID: PMC11253887 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2373521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains a serious global health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality each year. Vaccination is crucial to mitigate its impact, but requires rapid and efficient manufacturing strategies to handle timing and supply. Traditionally relying on egg-based production, the field has witnessed a paradigm shift toward cell culture-based methods offering enhanced flexibility, scalability, and process safety. This review provides a concise overview of available cell substrates and technological advancements. We summarize crucial steps toward process intensification - from roller bottle production to dynamic cultures on carriers and from suspension cultures in batch mode to high cell density perfusion using various cell retention devices. Moreover, we compare single-use and conventional systems and address challenges including defective interfering particles. Taken together, we describe the current state-of-the-art in cell culture-based influenza virus production to sustainably meet vaccine demands, guarantee a timely supply, and keep up with the challenges of seasonal epidemics and global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilia Zinnecker
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Demirden SF, Kimiz-Gebologlu I, Oncel SS. Animal Cell Lines as Expression Platforms in Viral Vaccine Production: A Post Covid-19 Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16904-16926. [PMID: 38645343 PMCID: PMC11025085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines are considered the most effective tools for preventing diseases. In this sense, with the Covid-19 pandemic, the effects of which continue all over the world, humanity has once again remembered the importance of the vaccine. Also, with the various epidemic outbreaks that occurred previously, the development processes of effective vaccines against these viral pathogens have accelerated. By these efforts, many different new vaccine platforms have been approved for commercial use and have been introduced to the commercial landscape. In addition, innovations have been made in the production processes carried out with conventionally produced vaccine types to create a rapid response to prevent potential epidemics or pandemics. In this situation, various cell lines are being positioned at the center of the production processes of these new generation viral vaccines as expression platforms. Therefore, since the main goal is to produce a fast, safe, and effective vaccine to prevent the disease, in addition to existing expression systems, different cell lines that have not been used in vaccine production until now have been included in commercial production for the first time. In this review, first current viral vaccine types in clinical use today are described. Then, the reason for using cell lines, which are the expression platforms used in the production of these viral vaccines, and the general production processes of cell culture-based viral vaccines are mentioned. Also, selection parameters for animal cell lines as expression platforms in vaccine production are explained by considering bioprocess efficiency and current regulations. Finally, all different cell lines used in cell culture-based viral vaccine production and their properties are summarized, with an emphasis on the current and future status of cell cultures in industrial viral vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suphi S. Oncel
- Ege University, Bioengineering Department, Izmir, 35100, Turkiye
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3
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Zinnecker T, Badri N, Araujo D, Thiele K, Reichl U, Genzel Y. From single-cell cloning to high-yield influenza virus production - implementing advanced technologies in vaccine process development. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300245. [PMID: 38584687 PMCID: PMC10991716 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Innovations in viral vaccine manufacturing are crucial for pandemic preparedness and to meet ever-rising global demands. For influenza, however, production still mainly relies on technologies established decades ago. Although modern production shifts from egg-based towards cell culture technologies, the full potential has not yet been fully exploited. Here, we evaluate whether implementation of state-of-the-art technologies for cell culture-based recombinant protein production are capable to challenge outdated approaches in viral vaccine process development. For this, a fully automated single-cell cloning strategy was established to generate monoclonal suspension Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Among selected cell clones, we could observe distinct metabolic and growth characteristics, with C59 reaching a maximum viable cell concentration of 17.3 × 106 cells/mL and low doubling times in batch mode. Screening for virus production using a panel of human vaccine-relevant influenza A and B viruses in an ambr15 system revealed high titers with yields competing or even outperforming available MDCK cell lines. With C113, we achieved cell-specific virus yields of up to 25,000 virions/cell, making this cell clone highly attractive for vaccine production. Finally, we confirmed process performance at a 50-fold higher working volume. In summary, we present a scalable and powerful approach for accelerated development of high-yield influenza virus production in chemically defined medium starting from a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilia Zinnecker
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
| | | | - Diogo Araujo
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech S.A.Aubagne CedexFrance
| | | | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
- Bioprocess EngineeringOtto‐von‐Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
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Shi J, Shen A, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Yang X. 30-Year Development of Inactivated Virus Vaccine in China. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 38140062 PMCID: PMC10748258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines are vaccines made from inactivated pathogens, typically achieved by using chemical or physical methods to destroy the virus's ability to replicate. This type of vaccine can induce the immune system to produce an immune response against specific pathogens, thus protecting the body from infection. In China, the manufacturing of inactivated vaccines has a long history and holds significant importance among all the vaccines available in the country. This type of vaccine is widely used in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. China is dedicated to conducting research on new inactivated vaccines, actively promoting the large-scale production of inactivated vaccines, and continuously improving production technology and quality management. These efforts enable China to meet the domestic demand for inactivated vaccines and gain a certain competitive advantage in the international market. In the future, China will continue to devote itself to the research and production of inactivated vaccines, further enhancing the population's health levels and contributing to social development. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the 30-year evolution of inactivated virus vaccines in China, serving as a reference for the development and production of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Shi
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ailin Shen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China; (J.S.); (A.S.); (Y.C.)
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
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Göbel S, Jaén KE, Fernandes RP, Reiter M, Altomonte J, Reichl U, Genzel Y. Characterization of a quail suspension cell line for production of a fusogenic oncolytic virus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3335-3346. [PMID: 37584190 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient processes for the production of oncolytic viruses (OV) plays a crucial role regarding the clinical success of virotherapy. Although many different OV platforms are currently under investigation, manufacturing of such viruses still mainly relies on static adherent cell cultures, which bear many challenges, particularly for fusogenic OVs. Availability of GMP-compliant continuous cell lines is limited, further complicating the development of commercially viable products. BHK21, AGE1. CR and HEK293 cells were previously identified as possible cell substrates for the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based fusogenic OV, rVSV-NDV. Now, another promising cell substrate was identified, the CCX.E10 cell line, developed by Nuvonis Technologies. This suspension cell line is considered non-GMO as no foreign genes or viral sequences were used for its development. The CCX.E10 cells were thus thoroughly investigated as a potential candidate for OV production. Cell growth in the chemically defined medium in suspension resulted in concentrations up to 8.9 × 106 cells/mL with a doubling time of 26.6 h in batch mode. Cultivation and production of rVSV-NDV, was demonstrated successfully for various cultivation systems (ambr15, shake flask, stirred tank reactor, and orbitally shaken bioreactor) at vessel scales ranging from 15 mL to 10 L. High infectious virus titers of up to 4.2 × 108 TCID50 /mL were reached in orbitally shaken bioreactors and stirred tank reactors in batch mode, respectively. Our results suggest that CCX.E10 cells are a very promising option for industrial production of OVs, particularly for fusogenic VSV-based constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Göbel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karim E Jaén
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita P Fernandes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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Tingaud V, Bordes C, Al Mouazen E, Cogné C, Bolzinger MA, Lawton P. Experimental studies from shake flasks to 3 L stirred tank bioreactor of nutrients and oxygen supply conditions to improve the growth of the avian cell line DuckCelt®-T17. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:31. [PMID: 37095522 PMCID: PMC10127095 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To produce viral vaccines, avian cell lines are interesting alternatives to replace the egg-derived processes for viruses that do not grow well on mammalian cells. The avian suspension cell line DuckCelt®-T17 was previously studied and investigated to produce a live attenuated metapneumovirus (hMPV)/respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus vaccines. However, a better understanding of its culture process is necessary for an efficient production of viral particles in bioreactors. RESULTS The growth and metabolic requirements of the avian cell line DuckCelt®-T17 were investigated to improve its cultivation parameters. Several nutrient supplementation strategies were studied in shake flasks highlighting the interest of (i) replacing L-glutamine by glutamax as main nutrient or (ii) adding these two nutrients in the serum-free growth medium in a fed-batch strategy. The scale-up in a 3 L bioreactor was successful for these types of strategies confirming their efficiencies in improving the cells' growth and viability. Moreover, a perfusion feasibility test allowed to achieve up to ~ 3 times the maximum number of viable cells obtained with the batch or fed-batch strategies. Finally, a strong oxygen supply - 50% dO2 - had a deleterious effect on DuckCelt®-T17 viability, certainly because of the greater hydrodynamic stress imposed. CONCLUSIONS The culture process using glutamax supplementation with a batch or a fed-batch strategy was successfully scaled-up to 3 L bioreactor. In addition, perfusion appeared as a very promising culture process for subsequent continuous virus harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Tingaud
- LAGEPP, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, GePharm Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5007, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne CEDEX, 69622, France
| | - Claire Bordes
- LAGEPP, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, GePharm Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5007, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne CEDEX, 69622, France
| | - Eyad Al Mouazen
- LAGEPP, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, GePharm Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5007, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne CEDEX, 69622, France
| | - Claudia Cogné
- LAGEPP, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, GePharm Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5007, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne CEDEX, 69622, France
| | - Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger
- LAGEPP, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, GePharm Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5007, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne CEDEX, 69622, France
| | - Philippe Lawton
- LAGEPP, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, GePharm Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5007, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne CEDEX, 69622, France.
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISPB, 8 avenue Rockefeller, Lyon, 69373, CEDEX 08, France.
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Mayuramart O, Poomipak W, Rattanaburi S, Khongnomnan K, Anuntakarun S, Saengchoowong S, Chavalit T, Chantaravisoot N, Payungporn S. IRF7-deficient MDCK cell based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology for enhancing influenza virus replication and improving vaccine production. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13989. [PMID: 36164603 PMCID: PMC9508885 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus is a cause of seasonal epidemic disease and enormous economic injury. The best way to control influenza outbreaks is through vaccination. The Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line (MDCK) is currently approved to manufacture influenza vaccines. However, the viral load from cell-based production is limited by host interferons (IFN). Interferon regulating factor 7 (IRF7) is a transcription factor for type-I IFN that plays an important role in regulating the anti-viral mechanism and eliminating viruses. We developed IRF7 knock-out MDCK cells (IRF7-/ - MDCK) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The RNA expression levels of IRF7 in the IRF7-/ - MDCK cells were reduced by 94.76% and 95.22% under the uninfected and infected conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the IRF7 protein level was also significantly lower in IRF7-/ - MDCK cells for both uninfected (54.85% reduction) and viral infected conditions (32.27% reduction) compared to WT MDCK. The differential expression analysis of IFN-related genes demonstrated that the IRF7-/ - MDCK cell had a lower interferon response than wildtype MDCK under the influenza-infected condition. Gene ontology revealed down-regulation of the defense response against virus and IFN-gamma production in IRF7-/ - MDCK. The evaluation of influenza viral titers by RT-qPCR and hemagglutination assay (HA) revealed IRF7-/ - MDCK cells had higher viral titers in cell supernatant, including A/pH1N1 (4 to 5-fold) and B/Yamagata (2-fold). Therefore, the IRF7-/ - MDCK cells could be applied to cell-based influenza vaccine production with higher capacity and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oraphan Mayuramart
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Witthaya Poomipak
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somruthai Rattanaburi
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kritsada Khongnomnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songtham Anuntakarun
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthat Saengchoowong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanit Chavalit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lavado-García J, Pérez-Rubio P, Cervera L, Gòdia F. The cell density effect in animal cell-based bioprocessing: Questions, insights and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108017. [PMID: 35809763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the development of bioprocesses based on cell transient expression is the commonly reported reduction of cell specific productivity at increasing cell densities. This is generally known as the cell density effect (CDE). Many efforts have been devoted to understanding the cell metabolic implications to this phenomenon in an attempt to design operational strategies to overcome it. A comprehensive analysis of the main studies regarding the CDE is provided in this work to better define the elements comprising its cause and impact. Then, examples of methodologies and approaches employed to achieve successful transient expression at high cell densities (HCD) are thoroughly reviewed. A critical assessment of the limitations of the reported studies in the understanding of the CDE is presented, covering the leading hypothesis of the molecular implications. The overall analysis of previous work on CDE may offer useful insights for further research into manufacturing of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cel·lular i Bioprocessos, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Trabelsi K, Zakour MB, Jordan I, Sandig V, Rourou S, Kallel H. Development of an efficient veterinary rabies vaccine production process in the avian suspension cell line AGE1.CR.pIX. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 35715843 PMCID: PMC9206308 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mass vaccination of dogs as important rabies reservoir is proposed to most effectively reduce and eliminate rabies also in humans. However, a minimum coverage of 70% needs to be achieved for control of the disease in zoonotic regions. In numerous developing countries, dog vaccination rate is still dangerously low because of economic constraints and due to a high turnover in dog populations. Improved vaccine production processes may help to alleviate cost and supply limitations. In this work, we studied and optimized the replication and vaccine potency of PV rabies virus strain in the muscovy-duck derived AGE1.CR and AGE1.CR.pIX suspension cell lines. Results The BHK-21-adapted PV rabies virus strain replicated efficiently in the avian cell lines without requirement for prior passaging. CR.pIX was previously shown to augment heat shock responses and supported slightly higher infectious titers compared to the parental CR cell line. Both cell lines allowed replication of rabies virus also in absence of recombinant IGF, the only complex component of the chemically defined medium that was developed for the two cell lines. After scale-up from optimization experiments in shake flask to production in 7-l bioreactors peak virus titers of 2.4 × 108 FFU/ml were obtained. The potency of inactivated rabies virus harvest according to the NIH test was 3.5 IU/ml. Perfusion with the chemically defined medium during the virus replication phase improved the potency of the vaccine twofold, and increased the number of doses 9.6 fold. Conclusion This study demonstrates that a rabies vaccine for animal vaccination can be produced efficiently in the AGE1.CR.pIX suspension cell line in a scalable process in chemically defined medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Biotechnology Development group, Institut Pasteur de Tunis. Université Tunis El Manar., 13, place Pasteur. BP 74., 1002, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Life Sciences, Health Biotechnology Program - King Fahad Chair for Health Biotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, PO Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Meriem Ben Zakour
- Biotechnology Development group, Institut Pasteur de Tunis. Université Tunis El Manar., 13, place Pasteur. BP 74., 1002, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratoire Teriak, Zone Industrielle, El Fejja Mornaguia, 1153, La Manouba, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Samia Rourou
- Biotechnology Development group, Institut Pasteur de Tunis. Université Tunis El Manar., 13, place Pasteur. BP 74., 1002, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Hela Kallel
- Biotechnology Development group, Institut Pasteur de Tunis. Université Tunis El Manar., 13, place Pasteur. BP 74., 1002, Tunis, Tunisia.,Quantoom Biosciences, Nivelles, Belgium
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10
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Influenza Vaccine: An Engineering Vision from Virological Importance to Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022; 27:714-738. [PMID: 36313971 PMCID: PMC9589582 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) every year, millions of people are affected by flu. Flu is a disease caused by influenza viruses. For preventing this, seasonal influenza vaccinations are widely considered the most efficient way to protect against the negative effects of the flu. To date, there is no "one-size-fits-all" vaccine that can be effective all over the world to protect against all seasonal or pandemic influenza virus types. Because influenza virus transforms its genetic structure and it can emerges as immunogenically new (antigenic drift) which causes epidemics or new virus subtype (antigenic shift) which causes pandemics. As a result, annual revaccination or new subtype viral vaccine development is required. Currently, three types of vaccines (inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant) are approved in different countries. These can be named "conventional influenza vaccines" and their production are based on eggs or cell culture. Although, there is good effort to develop new influenza vaccines for broader and longer period of time protection. In this sense these candidate vaccines are called "universal influenza vaccines". In this article, after we mentioned the short history of flu then virus morphology and infection, we explained the diseases caused by the influenza virus in humans. Afterward, we explained in detail the production methods of available influenza vaccines, types of bioreactors used in cell culture based production, conventional and new vaccine types, and development strategies for better vaccines.
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11
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Chupin C, Pizzorno A, Traversier A, Brun P, Ogonczyk-Makowska D, Padey B, Milesi C, Dulière V, Laurent E, Julien T, Galloux M, Lina B, Eléouët JF, Moreau K, Hamelin ME, Terrier O, Boivin G, Dubois J, Rosa-Calatrava M. Avian Cell Line DuckCelt ®-T17 Is an Efficient Production System for Live-Attenuated Human Metapneumovirus Vaccine Candidate Metavac ®. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101190. [PMID: 34696298 PMCID: PMC8540687 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) for the prevention of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection is often hampered by the lack of highly efficient and scalable cell-based production systems that support eventual global vaccine production. Avian cell lines cultivated in suspension compete with traditional cell platforms used for viral vaccine manufacture. We investigated whether the DuckCelt®-T17 avian cell line (Vaxxel), previously described as an efficient production system for several influenza strains, could also be used to produce a new HMPV LAV candidate (Metavac®, SH gene-deleted A1/C-85473 HMPV). To that end, we characterized the operational parameters of MOI, cell density, and trypsin addition to achieve the optimal production of Metavac®, and demonstrated that the DuckCelt®-T17 cell line is permissive and well-adapted to the production of the wild-type A1/C-85473 HMPV and the Metavac® vaccine candidate. Moreover, our results confirmed that the LAV candidate produced in DuckCelt®-T17 cells conserves its advantageous replication properties in LLC-MK2 and 3D-reconstituted human airway epithelium models, and its capacity to induce efficient neutralizing antibodies in a BALB/c mouse model. Our results suggest that the DuckCelt®-T17 avian cell line is a very promising platform for the scalable in-suspension serum-free production of the HMPV-based LAV candidate Metavac®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chupin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- Vaxxel, 43 Boulevard du Onze Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Aurélien Traversier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Brun
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Daniela Ogonczyk-Makowska
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Blandine Padey
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Cédrine Milesi
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Dulière
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Laurent
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Julien
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marie Galloux
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UVSQ, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (M.G.); (J.-F.E.)
| | - Bruno Lina
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Jean-François Eléouët
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UVSQ, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (M.G.); (J.-F.E.)
| | - Karen Moreau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team STAPHPATH, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Marie-Eve Hamelin
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Olivier Terrier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Guy Boivin
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Julia Dubois
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- Vaxxel, 43 Boulevard du Onze Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (P.B.); (B.P.); (C.M.); (V.D.); (E.L.); (T.J.); (B.L.); (O.T.)
- International Associated Laboratory RespiVir (LIA VirPath-LVMC France-Québec), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (D.O.-M.); (M.-E.H.); (G.B.)
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (M.R.-C.)
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12
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Zulkarnain NN, Anuar N, Abd Rahman N, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Alias MN, Yaacob M, Ma Z, Ding G. Cell-based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2158-2168. [PMID: 33539195 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1865044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a life-threatening pathogen that infects millions of people every year, with annual mortality in the hundreds of thousands. The scenario for controlling infection has worsened with increasing numbers of vaccine hesitancy cases reported worldwide due to objections on safety, religious and other grounds. Uses of haram (impermissible) and mashbooh (doubtful) ingredients in vaccine production has raised doubts among Muslim consumers and consequently stimulated serious vaccine hesitancy. To address this major problem, we have reviewed and recommended some alternatives appropriate for manufacturing cell-based influenza vaccine which comply with Islamic laws and consumers' needs. Intensive assessments of current influenza vaccine production in both scientific and Islamic views have led to the identification of four main ingredients deemed impermissible in novel sharia-compliant (approved by Islamic laws) vaccine manufacturing. Only some of these impermissible components could be replaced with halal (permissible) alternatives, while others remain impermissible due to unavailability and unsuitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Nadiah Zulkarnain
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurina Anuar
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazir Alias
- Centre for Contemporary Fiqh and Sharia Compliance, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mashitoh Yaacob
- Centre for Liberal Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Biomedical Research Centre, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gongtao Ding
- Biomedical Research Centre, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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13
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Chungu K, Park YH, Woo SJ, Lee SB, Rengaraj D, Lee HJ, Han JY. Establishment of a genetically engineered chicken DF-1 cell line for efficient amplification of influenza viruses in the absence of trypsin. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:2. [PMID: 33413322 PMCID: PMC7792337 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial step of influenza infection is binding of the virus to specific sialic acid receptors expressed by host cells. This is followed by cell entry via endocytosis. Cleavage of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein is critical for infection; this is performed by host cell proteases during viral replication. In cell culture systems, HA is cleaved by trypsin added to the culture medium. The vast majority of established cell lines are mammalian. RESULTS In the present study, we generated genetically engineered chicken DF-1 cell lines overexpressing transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2, which cleaves HA), ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (ST3GAL1, which plays a role in synthesis of α-2,3 linked sialic acids to which avian-adapted viruses bind preferentially), or both. We found that overexpression of TMPRSS2 supports the virus life cycle by cleaving HA. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of ST3GAL1 increased the viral titer. Finally, we showed that overexpression of both TMPRSS2 and ST3GAL1 increased the final viral titer due to enhanced support of viral replication and prolonged viability of the cells. In addition, overexpression of these genes of interest had no effect on cell proliferation and viability. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results indicate that these engineered cells could be used as a cell-based system to propagate influenza virus efficiently in the absence of trypsin. Further studies on influenza virus interactions with chicken cell host factors could be studied without the effect of trypsin on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Chungu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Je Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Su Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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14
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Wu Y, Jia H, Lai H, Liu X, Tan WS. Highly efficient production of an influenza H9N2 vaccine using MDCK suspension cells. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe use of H9N2 subtype avian influenza vaccines is an effective approach for the control of the virus spread among the poultry, and for the upgrading of vaccine manufacturing, cell culture-based production platform could overcome the limitations of conventional egg-based platform and alternate it. The development of serum-free suspension cell culture could allow even higher virus productivity, where a suspension cell line with good performance and proper culture strategies are required. In this work, an adherent Mardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line was adapted to suspension growth to cell concentration up to 12 × 106 cells/mL in a serum-free medium in batch cultures. Subsequently, the H9N2 influenza virus propagation in this MDCK cell line was evaluated with the optimization of infection conditions in terms of MOI and cell concentration for infection. Furthermore, various feed strategies were tested in the infection phase for improved virus titer and a maximum hemagglutinin titer of 13 log2 (HAU/50 μL) was obtained using the 1:2 medium dilution strategy. The evaluation of MDCK cell growth and H9N2 virus production in bioreactors with optimized operating conditions showed comparable cell performance and virus yield compared to shake flasks, with a high cell-specific virus yield above 13,000 virions/cell. With the purified H9N2 virus harvested from the bioreactors, the MDCK cell-derived vaccine was able to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in chickens. Overall, the results demonstrate the promising application of the highly efficient MDCK cell-based production platform for the avian influenza vaccine manufacturing.
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15
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The superior role of coagulation factor FX over FVII in adenoviral-mediated innate immune induction of the hepatocyte: an in vitro experiment. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 6:199-206. [PMID: 33145426 PMCID: PMC7592097 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2020.99512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study To better understanding the contribution of coagulation factors to the extent of adenovirus-mediated innate toxicity on the hepatocyte. Material and methods Adenovirus-36 (AD) and adenovector type 5-GFP (Ad5-GFP) were propagated and titered; then, they were loaded with coagulation factors VII or X. The complex of adenovirus with coagulation factor VII and X were for size and charge parameters. After adding AD-VII and AD-X complexes, the expression levels of innate inflammatory genes including protein kinase R (PKR), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and IL-18 were measured by Real-time PCR on a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2. Results The loading of coagulation factors VII and X on Ad5-GFP enhanced the transduction rate up to 50% and 60% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared to the adenovector alone (30%) (p < 0.05). The formation of the coagulation factor-virus complex leads to multimodal size distribution with an increase in average hydrodynamic size and absolute zeta potential. The qPCR results showed that PKR expression increased significantly after treatment with all adenoviruses. These findings also showed that AD had a significant (p = 0.0152) inflammatory impact on Hep-G2. However, AD which was loaded with FX (AD-X) exhibited the most inflammatory effect (p = 0.0164). Significantly, the expression of IL-1β (p = 0.0041), IL-8 (p = 0.0107) and IL-18 (p = 0.0193) were also enhanced following FX loading. On the other hand, the AD-VII complex showed the least effect of innate immune induction when compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Conclusions The loading of coagulation factors, particularly FX, could enhance the transduction efficiency of Ad5-GFP. Furthermore, adenovirus loaded with FX exhibited more innate toxicity on the hepatocytes, while it was not the case for FVII.
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16
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Chen H, Muhammad I, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhang R, Huang X, Diao L, Liu H, Li X, Sun X, Abbas G, Li G. Antiviral Activity Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Bioactive Components of Hypericum perforatum L. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1272. [PMID: 31736754 PMCID: PMC6830131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L., also known as Saint John’s Wort, has been well studied for its chemical composition and pharmacological activity. In this study, the antiviral activities of H. perforatum on infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the first time. The results of in vitro experiments confirmed that the antiviral component of H. perforatum was ethyl acetate extraction section (HPE), and results showed that treatment with HPE significantly reduced the relative messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and virus titer of IBV, and reduced positive green immunofluorescence signal of IBV in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells. HPE treatment at doses of 480–120 mg/kg for 5 days, reduced IBV induced injury in the trachea and kidney, moreover, reduced the mRNA expression level of IBV in the trachea and kidney in vivo. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) significantly decreased, but melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), mitochondrial antiviral signaling gene, interferon alpha (IFN-α), and interferon beta (IFN-β) mRNA levels significantly increased in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that HPE had significant anti-IBV effects in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In addition, it is possible owing to up-regulate mRNA expression of type I interferon through the MDA5 signaling pathway and down-regulate mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, the mainly active compositions of HPE analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) are hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, pseudohypericin, and hypericin, and a combination of these compounds could mediate the antiviral activities. This might accelerate our understanding of the antiviral effect of H. perforatum and provide new insights into the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yudong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Diao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Haixin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xunliang Li
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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17
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Gränicher G, Coronel J, Pralow A, Marichal-Gallardo P, Wolff M, Rapp E, Karlas A, Sandig V, Genzel Y, Reichl U. Efficient influenza A virus production in high cell density using the novel porcine suspension cell line PBG.PK2.1. Vaccine 2019; 37:7019-7028. [PMID: 31005427 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza respiratory infections are still a major public health issue. Vaccination is the most efficient way to prevent influenza infection. One option to produce influenza vaccines is cell-culture based virus propagation. Different host cell lines, such as MDCK, Vero, AGE1.CR or PER.C6 cells have been shown to be a good substrate for influenza virus production. With respect to the ease of scale-up, suspension cells should be preferred over adherent cells. Ideally, they should replicate different influenza virus strains with high cell-specific yields. Evaluation of new cell lines and further development of processes is of considerable interest, as this increases the number of options regarding the design of manufacturing processes, flexibility of vaccine production and efficiency. Here, PBG.PK2.1, a new mammalian cell line that was developed by ProBioGen AG (Germany) for virus production is presented. The cells derived from immortal porcine kidney cells were previously adapted to growth in suspension in a chemically-defined medium. Influenza virus production was improved after virus adaptation to PBG.PK2.1 cells and optimization of infection conditions, namely multiplicity of infection and trypsin concentration. Hemagglutinin titers up to 3.24 log10(HA units/100 µL) were obtained in fed-batch mode in bioreactors (700 mL working volume). Evaluation of virus propagation in high cell density culture using a hollow-fiber based system (ATF2) demonstrated promising performance: Cell concentrations of up to 50 × 106 cells/mL with viabilities exceeding 95%, and a maximum HA titer of 3.93 log10(HA units/100 µL). Analysis of glycosylation of the viral HA antigen expressed showed clear differences compared to HA produced in MDCK or Vero cell lines. With an average cell-specific productivity of 5000 virions/cell, we believe that PBG.PK2.1 cells are a very promising candidate to be considered for next-generation influenza virus vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendal Gränicher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Juliana Coronel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pralow
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Durous L, Julien T, Padey B, Traversier A, Rosa-Calatrava M, Blum LJ, Marquette CA, Petiot E. SPRi-based hemagglutinin quantitative assay for influenza vaccine production monitoring. Vaccine 2019; 37:1614-1621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Palomares LA, Mukhopadhyay TK, Genzel Y, Lua LH, Cox MM. Vaccine Technology VI: Innovative and integrated approaches in vaccine development. Vaccine 2018; 36:3061-3063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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