1
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Braun MR, Flitter BA, Sun W, Tucker SN. An easy pill to swallow: oral recombinant vaccines for the 21st century. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102374. [PMID: 37562075 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Oral vaccines have a distinctive advantage of stimulating immune responses in the mucosa, where numerous pathogens gain entry and cause disease. Although various efforts have been attempted to create recombinant mucosal vaccines that provoke strong immunogenicity, the outcomes in clinical trials have been weak or inconsistent. Therefore, next-generation mucosal vaccines are needed that are more immunogenic. Here, we discuss oral vaccines with an emphasis on a next-generation mucosal vaccine that utilizes a nonreplicating human recombinant adenovirus type-5 (rAd5) vector. Numerous positive clinical results investigating oral rAd5 vaccines are reviewed, with a summary of the immunogenicity and efficacy results for specific vaccine indications of influenza, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2. The determination of correlates of protection for oral vaccination and the potential impact this novel vaccine formulation may have on disease transmission are also discussed. In summary, successful oral vaccination can be accomplished and would have major public health benefits if approved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Braun
- Vaxart, Inc., 170 Harbor Way STE 300, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Becca A Flitter
- Vaxart, Inc., 170 Harbor Way STE 300, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - William Sun
- Vaxart, Inc., 170 Harbor Way STE 300, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sean N Tucker
- Vaxart, Inc., 170 Harbor Way STE 300, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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2
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhu J, Song W, Chen K, Zhang Y, Lou Y. Vaccine development for mosquito-borne viral diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161149. [PMID: 37251387 PMCID: PMC10213220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral diseases are a group of viral illnesses that are predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes, including viruses from the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families. In recent years, outbreaks caused by Dengue and Zika viruses from the Flaviviridae family, and Chikungunya virus from the Togaviridae family, have raised significant concerns for public health. However, there are currently no safe and effective vaccines available for these viruses, except for CYD-TDV, which has been licensed for Dengue virus. Efforts to control the transmission of COVID-19, such as home quarantine and travel restrictions, have somewhat limited the spread of mosquito-borne viral diseases. Several vaccine platforms, including inactivated vaccines, viral-vector vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, protein vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines, are being developed to combat these viruses. This review analyzes the various vaccine platforms against Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses and provides valuable insights for responding to potential outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanchen Song
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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3
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Gupta R, Arora K, Roy SS, Joseph A, Rastogi R, Arora NM, Kundu PK. Platforms, advances, and technical challenges in virus-like particles-based vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123805. [PMID: 36845125 PMCID: PMC9947793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases threaten human health and global stability. Several vaccine platforms, such as DNA, mRNA, recombinant viral vectors, and virus-like particle-based vaccines have been developed to counter these viral infectious diseases. Virus-like particles (VLP) are considered real, present, licensed and successful vaccines against prevalent and emergent diseases due to their non-infectious nature, structural similarity with viruses, and high immunogenicity. However, only a few VLP-based vaccines have been commercialized, and the others are either in the clinical or preclinical phases. Notably, despite success in the preclinical phase, many vaccines are still struggling with small-scale fundamental research owing to technical difficulties. Successful production of VLP-based vaccines on a commercial scale requires a suitable platform and culture mode for large-scale production, optimization of transduction-related parameters, upstream and downstream processing, and monitoring of product quality at each step. In this review article, we focus on the advantages and disadvantages of various VLP-producing platforms, recent advances and technical challenges in VLP production, and the current status of VLP-based vaccine candidates at commercial, preclinical, and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Prabuddha K. Kundu
- Department of Research and Development, Premas Biotech Pvt Ltd., Sector IV, Industrial Model Township (IMT), Manesar, Gurgaon, India
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4
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Hakim MS, Aman AT. Understanding the Biology and Immune Pathogenesis of Chikungunya Virus Infection for Diagnostic and Vaccine Development. Viruses 2022; 15:48. [PMID: 36680088 PMCID: PMC9863735 DOI: 10.3390/v15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus, the causative agent of chikungunya fever, is generally characterized by the sudden onset of symptoms, including fever, rash, myalgia, and headache. In some patients, acute chikungunya virus infection progresses to severe and chronic arthralgia that persists for years. Chikungunya infection is more commonly identified in tropical and subtropical regions. However, recent expansions and epidemics in the temperate regions have raised concerns about the future public health impact of chikungunya diseases. Several underlying factors have likely contributed to the recent re-emergence of chikungunya infection, including urbanization, human travel, viral adaptation to mosquito vectors, lack of effective control measures, and the spread of mosquito vectors to new regions. However, the true burden of chikungunya disease is most likely to be underestimated, particularly in developing countries, due to the lack of standard diagnostic assays and clinical manifestations overlapping with those of other endemic viral infections in the regions. Additionally, there have been no chikungunya vaccines available to prevent the infection. Thus, it is important to update our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of chikungunya infection, its clinical manifestations, the diagnosis, and the development of chikungunya vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad S. Hakim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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5
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Cao L, Wang W, Sun W, Zhang J, Han J, Xie C, Ha Z, Xie Y, Zhang H, Jin N, Lu H. Construction and Evaluation of Recombinant Adenovirus Candidate Vaccines for Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081779. [PMID: 36016401 PMCID: PMC9414632 DOI: 10.3390/v14081779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus. The emergence of CHIKV infection has raised global concern, and there is a growing need to develop safe and effective vaccines. Here, adenovirus 5 was used as the vaccine vector to construct recombinant adenoviruses expressing CHIKV E2, E1, and E2-6K-E1, respectively. And then the immunogenicity and protective efficiency against CHIKV were evaluated in BALB/c mice. Compared to the ad-wt control group, all three vaccines elicited significant humoral and cellar immune responses. The levels of neutralizing antibodies in the rAd-CHIKV-E2-6K-E1 and rAd-CHIKV-E2 groups both reached 1:256, which were 3.2 times higher than those in the rAd-CHIKV-E1 group. Furthermore, the levels of lymphocyte proliferation in rAd-CHIKV-E2-6K-E1 group were the highest. Besides, the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 in mice immunized with rAd-CHIKV-E2-6K-E1 were 1.37 and 1.20 times higher than those in ad-wt immunized mice, respectively. After the challenge, mice in the rAd-CHIKV-E2-6K-E1 and rAd-CHIKV-E2 groups lost 2% of their body weight compared with 5% in the ad-wt control group. And low viral loads were detected in the heart, kidney, and blood of mice immunized with rAd-CHIKV-E2-6K-E1 and rAd-CHIKV-E2 at 3–5 dpc, which decreased by 0.4–0.7 orders of magnitude compared with the ad-wt control. Overall, these data suggest that the recombinant adenovirus is a potential candidate vaccine against CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- College of Laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 305006, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Changzhan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (N.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 305006, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (N.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Huijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 305006, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (N.J.); (H.L.)
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6
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Secreted Trimeric Chikungunya Virus Spikes from Insect Cells: Production, Purification, and Glycosylation Status. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a rapidly emerging mosquito-borne virus that causes a severe febrile illness with long-lasting arthralgia in humans. As there is no vaccine to protect humans and limit CHIKV epidemics, the virus continues to be a global public health concern. The CHIKV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 are important immunogens; therefore, the aim of this study is to produce trimeric CHIKV spikes in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. The CHIKV E1 and E2 ectodomains were covalently coupled by a flexible linker that replaces the 6K transmembrane protein. The C-terminal E1 transmembrane was replaced by a Strep-tag II for the purification of secreted spikes from the culture fluid. After production in Sf9 suspension cells (product yields of 5.8–7.6 mg/L), the CHIKV spikes were purified by Strep-Tactin affinity chromatography, which successfully cleared the co-produced baculoviruses. Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate cross-linking demonstrated that the spikes are secreted as trimers. PNGase F treatment showed that the spikes are glycosylated. LC–MS/MS-based glycoproteomic analysis confirmed the glycosylation and revealed that the majority are of the mannose- or hybrid-type N-glycans and <2% have complex-type N-glycans. The LC –MS/MS analysis also revealed three O-glycosylation sites in E1. In conclusion, the trimeric, glycosylated CHIKV spikes have been successfully produced in insect cells and are now available for vaccination studies.
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7
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Powers JM, Haese NN, Denton M, Ando T, Kreklywich C, Bonin K, Streblow CE, Kreklywich N, Smith P, Broeckel R, DeFilippis V, Morrison TE, Heise MT, Streblow DN. Non-replicating adenovirus based Mayaro virus vaccine elicits protective immune responses and cross protects against other alphaviruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009308. [PMID: 33793555 PMCID: PMC8051823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an alphavirus endemic to South and Central America associated with sporadic outbreaks in humans. MAYV infection causes severe joint and muscle pain that can persist for weeks to months. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics to prevent MAYV infection or treat the debilitating musculoskeletal inflammatory disease. In the current study, a prophylactic MAYV vaccine expressing the complete viral structural polyprotein was developed based on a non-replicating human adenovirus V (AdV) platform. Vaccination with AdV-MAYV elicited potent neutralizing antibodies that protected WT mice against MAYV challenge by preventing viremia, reducing viral dissemination to tissues and mitigating viral disease. The vaccine also prevented viral-mediated demise in IFN⍺R1-/- mice. Passive transfer of immune serum from vaccinated animals similarly prevented infection and disease in WT mice as well as virus-induced demise of IFN⍺R1-/- mice, indicating that antiviral antibodies are protective. Immunization with AdV-MAYV also generated cross-neutralizing antibodies against two related arthritogenic alphaviruses-chikungunya and Una viruses. These cross-neutralizing antibodies were protective against lethal infection in IFN⍺R1-/- mice following challenge with these heterotypic alphaviruses. These results indicate AdV-MAYV elicits protective immune responses with substantial cross-reactivity and protective efficacy against other arthritogenic alphaviruses. Our findings also highlight the potential for development of a multi-virus targeting vaccine against alphaviruses with endemic and epidemic potential in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Powers
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Ando
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kiley Bonin
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cassilyn E. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patricia Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Broeckel
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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8
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Campos RK, Preciado-Llanes L, Azar SR, Kim YC, Brandon O, López-Camacho C, Reyes-Sandoval A, Rossi SL. Adenoviral-Vectored Mayaro and Chikungunya Virus Vaccine Candidates Afford Partial Cross-Protection From Lethal Challenge in A129 Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591885. [PMID: 33224148 PMCID: PMC7672187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro (MAYV) and chikungunya viruses (CHIKV) are vector-borne arthritogenic alphaviruses that cause acute febrile illnesses. CHIKV is widespread and has recently caused large urban outbreaks, whereas the distribution of MAYV is restricted to tropical areas in South America with small and sporadic outbreaks. Because MAYV and CHIKV are closely related and have high amino acid similarity, we investigated whether vaccination against one could provide cross-protection against the other. We vaccinated A129 mice (IFNAR -/-) with vaccines based on chimpanzee adenoviral vectors encoding the structural proteins of either MAYV or CHIKV. ChAdOx1 May is a novel vaccine against MAYV, whereas ChAdOx1 Chik is a vaccine against CHIKV already undergoing early phase I clinical trials. We demonstrate that ChAdOx1 May was able to afford full protection against MAYV challenge in mice, with most samples yielding neutralizing PRNT80 antibody titers of 1:258. ChAdOx1 May also provided partial cross-protection against CHIKV, with protection being assessed using the following parameters: survival, weight loss, foot swelling and viremia. Reciprocally, ChAdOx1 Chik vaccination reduced MAYV viral load, as well as morbidity and lethality caused by this virus, but did not protect against foot swelling. The cross-protection observed is likely to be, at least in part, secondary to cross-neutralizing antibodies induced by both vaccines. In summary, our findings suggest that ChAdOx1 Chik and ChAdOx1 May vaccines are not only efficacious against CHIKV and MAYV, respectively, but also afford partial heterologous cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kroon Campos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Lorena Preciado-Llanes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha R. Azar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Young Chan Kim
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Brandon
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - César López-Camacho
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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9
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Gao S, Song S, Zhang L. Recent Progress in Vaccine Development Against Chikungunya Virus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2881. [PMID: 31921059 PMCID: PMC6930866 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an acute infectious disease that is mediated by the mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV). People infected with CHIKV may experience high fever, severe joint pain, skin rash, and headache. In recent years, this disease has become a global public health problem. However, there is no licensed vaccine available for CHIKV. Accumulating research data have provided novel approaches and new directions for the development of CHIKV vaccines. Our review focuses on recent progress in CHIKV vaccine studies. The potential vaccine candidates are classified into seven types: inactivated vaccine, subunit vaccine, live-attenuated vaccine, recombinant virus-vectored vaccine, virus-like particle vaccine, chimeric vaccine, and nucleic acid vaccine. These studies will provide important insights into the future development of CHIKV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Siqi Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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10
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Campos RK, Preciado-Llanes L, Azar SR, Lopez-Camacho C, Reyes-Sandoval A, Rossi SL. A Single and Un-Adjuvanted Dose of a Chimpanzee Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine against Chikungunya Virus Fully Protects Mice from Lethal Disease. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040231. [PMID: 31718104 PMCID: PMC6963200 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has become a major global health problem. Upon infection, chikungunya fever (CHIKF) can result in long-term joint pain and arthritis, and despite intense research, no licensed vaccine for CHIKV is available. We have developed two recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccines (ChAdOx1) that induce swift and robust anti-CHIKV immune responses with a single dose, without the need for adjuvants or booster vaccines. Here, we report the vaccines’ protective efficacies against CHIKV infection in a lethal A129 mouse model. Our results indicate that a single, un-adjuvanted ChAdOx1 Chik or ChAdOx1 Chik ΔCap dose provided complete protection against a lethal virus challenge and prevented CHIKV-associated severe inflammation. These candidate vaccines supported survival equal to the attenuated 181/25 CHIKV reference vaccine but without the vaccine-related side effects, such as weight loss. Vaccination with either ChAdOx1 Chik or ChAdOx1 Chik ΔCap resulted in high titers of neutralizing antibodies that are associated with protection, indicating that the presence of the capsid within the vaccine construct may not be essential to afford protection under the conditions tested. We conclude that both replication-deficient ChAdOx1 Chik vaccines are safe even when used in A129 mice and afford complete protection from a lethal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kroon Campos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (R.K.C.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Lorena Preciado-Llanes
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (L.P.-L.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Sasha R. Azar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (R.K.C.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Cesar Lopez-Camacho
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (L.P.-L.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (L.P.-L.); (C.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.-S.); (S.L.R.); Tel.: +44(186)-528-7811 (A.R.-S.); +1(409)-772-9033 (S.L.R.)
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: (A.R.-S.); (S.L.R.); Tel.: +44(186)-528-7811 (A.R.-S.); +1(409)-772-9033 (S.L.R.)
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11
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Werner SL, Banda BK, Burnsides CL, Stuber AJ. Zoonosis: Update on Existing and Emerging Vector-Borne Illnesses in the USA. CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2019; 7:91-106. [PMID: 32288973 PMCID: PMC7102350 DOI: 10.1007/s40138-019-00189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes mosquito- and tick-borne diseases found in the Western Hemisphere. It focuses on emerging diseases and recent geographic shifts in the presence of disease vectors. RECENT FINDINGS Mosquito and tick vectors have become more widespread as environmental conditions have become more favorable. Zika recently has emerged as a concern for fetal anomalies. West Nile Virus has become widespread. Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases are more prevalent in areas previously inhospitable to these ticks. SUMMARY Healthcare providers must consider the possibility of mosquito- and tick-borne diseases in broader geographic areas and council patients traveling to endemic areas on precautions against these diseases. Treatment for suspected cases of serious tick-borne illnesses should not be delayed pending culture results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lee Werner
- MetroHealth/Cleveland Clinic/CWRU Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
| | - Bhanu Kirthi Banda
- MetroHealth/Cleveland Clinic/CWRU Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
| | - Christopher Lee Burnsides
- MetroHealth/Cleveland Clinic/CWRU Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
| | - Alexander James Stuber
- MetroHealth/Cleveland Clinic/CWRU Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA
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