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Hamamoto I. Developments and current challenges in the process of cell culture-based seasonal influenza vaccine manufacture in Japan. Glob Health Med 2024; 6:93-100. [PMID: 38690131 PMCID: PMC11043132 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection primarily caused by influenza A and B viruses, which circulate annually and cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Annual influenza vaccination is currently the most effective measure for preventing influenza and greatly reduces the risk of disease severity and the incidence of complications and death. Annual seasonal influenza vaccines are traditionally produced in Japan and many other countries using viruses propagated in embryonated chicken eggs. However, at present, the effectiveness of the seasonal influenza vaccines has some significant limitations, partly because of egg-adaptive mutations in the antigenic sites of the influenza virus haemagglutinin, which are caused by the continued evolution of seasonal influenza viruses. To overcome the limitations of egg-based influenza vaccine production, a mammalian cell culture-based influenza vaccine production system has been developed in Japan in the past decade as an alternative to the current production method. In this review, I have summarised the progress in the development of cell-based seasonal influenza vaccines and discussed the technological challenges encountered in the development of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Hamamoto
- Laboratory of Cell-based Vaccine Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Qiao Z, Liao Y, Pei M, Qiu Z, Liu Z, Jin D, Zhang J, Ma Z, Yang X. RSAD2 Is an Effective Target for High-Yield Vaccine Production in MDCK Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112587. [PMID: 36423196 PMCID: PMC9695692 DOI: 10.3390/v14112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, attention has focused on improving vaccine production in cells using gene editing technology to specifically modify key virus regulation-related genes to promote virus replication. In this study, we used DIA proteomics analysis technology to compare protein expression differences between two groups of MDCK cells: uninfected and influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1-infected cells 16 h post infection (MOI = 0.01). Initially, 266 differentially expressed proteins were detected after infection, 157 of which were upregulated and 109 were downregulated. We screened these proteins to 23 genes related to antiviral innate immunity regulation based on functional annotation database analysis and verified the mRNA expression of these genes using qPCR. Combining our results with published literature, we focused on the proteins RSAD2, KCNN4, IDO1, and ISG20; we verified their expression using western blot, which was consistent with our proteomics results. Finally, we knocked down RSAD2 using lentiviral shRNA expression vectors and found that RSAD2 inhibition significantly increased IAV NP gene expression, effectively promoting influenza virus replication with no significant effect on cell proliferation. These results indicate that RSAD2 is potentially an effective target for establishing high-yield vaccine MDCK cell lines and will help to fully understand the interaction mechanism between host cells and influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Qiao
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Provincial Bioengineering Materials Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou Minhai Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yuejiao Liao
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Mengyuan Pei
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhenyu Qiu
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhenbin Liu
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Dongwu Jin
- Gansu Provincial Bioengineering Materials Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou Minhai Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Provincial Bioengineering Materials Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou Minhai Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence:
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Tang QL, Gu LX, Xu Y, Liao XH, Zhou Y, Zhang TC. Establishing functional lentiviral vector production in a stirred bioreactor for CAR-T cell therapy. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2095-2105. [PMID: 34047682 PMCID: PMC8806440 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1931644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As gene delivery tools, lentiviral vectors (LV) have broad applications in chimeric antigen receptor therapy (CAR-T). Large-scale production of functional LV is limited by the adherent, serum-dependent nature of HEK293T cells used in the manufacturing. HEK293T adherent cells were adapted to suspension cells in a serum-free medium to establish large-scale processes for functional LV production in a stirred bioreactor without micro-carriers. The results showed that 293 T suspension was successfully cultivated in F media (293 CD05 medium and SMM293-TII with 1:1 volume ratio), and the cells retained the capacity for LV production. After cultivation in a 5.5 L bioreactor for 4 days, the cells produced 1.5 ± 0.3 × 107 TU/mL raw LV, and the lentiviral transduction efficiency was 48.6 ± 2.8% in T Cells. The yield of LV equaled to the previous shake flask. The critical process steps were completed to enable a large-scale LV production process. Besides, a cryopreservation solution was developed to reduce protein involvement, avoid cell grafting and reduce process cost. The process is cost-effective and easy to scale up production, which is expected to be highly competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu-Lai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Xing Gu
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing-Hua Liao
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Wu Y, Bissinger T, Genzel Y, Liu X, Reichl U, Tan WS. High cell density perfusion process for high yield of influenza A virus production using MDCK suspension cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1421-1434. [PMID: 33515287 PMCID: PMC7847233 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Similar to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, influenza A virus poses a constant threat to the global community. For the treatment of flu disease, both antivirals and vaccines are available with vaccines the most effective and safest approach. In order to overcome limitations in egg-based vaccine manufacturing, cell culture-based processes have been established. While this production method avoids egg-associated risks in face of pandemics, process intensification using animal suspension cells in high cell density perfusion cultures should allow to further increase manufacturing capacities worldwide. In this work, we demonstrate the development of a perfusion process using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) suspension cells for influenza A (H1N1) virus production from scale-down shake flask cultivations to laboratory scale stirred tank bioreactors. Shake flask cultivations using semi-perfusion mode enabled high-yield virus harvests (4.25 log10(HAU/100 μL)) from MDCK cells grown up to 41 × 106 cells/mL. Scale-up to bioreactors with an alternating tangential flow (ATF) perfusion system required optimization of pH control and implementation of a temperature shift during the infection phase. Use of a capacitance probe for on-line perfusion control allowed to minimize medium consumption. This contributed to a better process control and a more economical performance while maintaining a maximum virus titer of 4.37 log10(HAU/100 μL) and an infectious virus titer of 1.83 × 1010 virions/mL. Overall, this study clearly demonstrates recent advances in cell culture-based perfusion processes for next-generation high-yield influenza vaccine manufacturing for pandemic preparedness. KEY POINTS: • First MDCK suspension cell-based perfusion process for IAV produciton was established. • "Cell density effect" was overcome and process was intensified by reduction of medium use and automated process control. • The process achieved cell density over 40 × 106 cells/mL and virus yield over 4.37 log10(HAU/100 μL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Bioprocess Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bissinger
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Xuping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Shanghai BioEngine Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, 781 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Udo Reichl
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitaetsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Tzeng TT, Chen PL, Weng TC, Tsai SY, Lai CC, Chou HI, Chen PW, Lu CC, Liu MT, Sung WC, Lee MS, Hu AYC. Development of high-growth influenza H7N9 prepandemic candidate vaccine viruses in suspension MDCK cells. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:47. [PMID: 32241276 PMCID: PMC7115086 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza vaccine manufacturers traditionally use egg-derived candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) to produce high-yield influenza viruses for seasonal or pandemic vaccines; however, these egg-derived CVVs need an adaptation process for the virus to grow in mammalian cells. The low yields of cell-based manufacturing systems using egg-derived CVVs remain an unsolved issue. This study aimed to develop high-growth cell-derived CVVs for MDCK cell-based vaccine manufacturing platforms. METHODS Four H7N9 CVVs were generated in characterized Vero and adherent MDCK (aMDCK) cells. Furthermore, reassortant viruses were amplified in adherent MDCK (aMDCK) cells with certification, and their growth characteristics were detected in aMDCK cells and new suspension MDCK (sMDCK) cells. Finally, the plaque-forming ability, biosafety, and immunogenicity of H7N9 reassortant viruses were evaluated. RESULTS The HA titers of these CVVs produced in proprietary suspension MDCK (sMDCK) cells and chicken embryos were 2- to 8-fold higher than those in aMDCK cells. All H7N9 CVVs showed attenuated characteristics by trypsin-dependent plaque assay and chicken embryo lethality test. The alum-adjuvanted NHRI-RG5 (derived from the fifth wave H7N9 virus A/Guangdong/SP440/2017) vaccine had the highest immunogenicity and cross-reactivity among the four H7N9 CVVs. Finally, we found that AddaVax adjuvant improved the cross-reactivity of low pathogenic H7N9 virus against highly pathogenic H7N9 viruses. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that cell-derived H7N9 CVVs possessed high growth rate in new sMDCK cells and low pathogenicity in chicken embryo, and that CVVs generated by this platform are also suitable for both cell- and egg-based prepandemic vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ling Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chuan Weng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Lai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.,College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chou
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Lu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Liu
- Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 689, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chou Sung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yung-Chih Hu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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Nie J, Li Q, Wu J, Zhao C, Hao H, Liu H, Zhang L, Nie L, Qin H, Wang M, Lu Q, Li X, Sun Q, Liu J, Fan C, Huang W, Xu M, Wang Y. Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:680-686. [PMID: 32207377 PMCID: PMC7144318 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1743767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoviruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility, especially for emerging and re-emerging viruses. Due to its high pathogenicity and infectivity and the lack of effective vaccines and therapeutics, live SARS-CoV-2 has to be handled under biosafety level 3 conditions, which has hindered the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Based on a VSV pseudovirus production system, a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay has been developed for evaluating neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in biosafety level 2 facilities. The key parameters for this assay were optimized, including cell types, cell numbers, virus inoculum. When tested against the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patient sera showed high neutralizing potency, which underscore its potential as therapeutics. The limit of detection for this assay was determined as 22.1 and 43.2 for human and mouse serum samples respectively using a panel of 120 negative samples. The cutoff values were set as 30 and 50 for human and mouse serum samples, respectively. This assay showed relatively low coefficient of variations with 15.9% and 16.2% for the intra- and inter-assay analyses respectively. Taken together, we established a robust pseudovirus-based neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 and are glad to share pseudoviruses and related protocols with the developers of vaccines or therapeutics to fight against this lethal virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Wu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyan Zhao
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Hao
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Qin
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Sun
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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