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McKeithen MC, Gilkey MB, Kong WY, Oh NL, Heisler-MacKinnon J, Carlson R, James G, Grabert BK. Policy Approaches for Increasing Adolescent HPV Vaccination Coverage: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023064692. [PMID: 38623635 PMCID: PMC11035154 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-064692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT US jurisdictions have enacted a wide range of policies to address low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage among adolescents, but it is unclear which policies are effective. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the impact of governmental policies on adolescent HPV vaccination coverage. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. STUDY SELECTION Eligible studies, published from 2009 to 2022, evaluated the impact of governmental policies on HPV vaccination coverage among adolescents ages 9 to 18. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted data on study sample, study design and quality, policy characteristics, and HPV vaccination outcomes. We summarized findings by policy type: school-entry requirements (SERs), federally-funded policies related to the Vaccines for Children program and Medicaid, educational requirements, and others. RESULTS Our search yielded 36 eligible studies. A majority of studies evaluating HPV vaccine SERs found positive associations between SERs and HPV vaccination coverage (8 of 14), particularly for SERs in Rhode Island and Washington, DC. All studies evaluating SERs for other adolescent vaccines observed positive spillover effects for HPV vaccination (7 of 7). Federally-funded policies related to Vaccines for Children and Medicaid were consistently associated with higher HPV vaccination coverage (7 of 9). Relatively few studies found associations between educational requirements and HPV vaccination coverage (2 of 8). LIMITATIONS Studies used limited vaccination data sources and non- or quasi-experimental designs. Some studies had no or poorly matched comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest promise for SERs and federally-funded policies, but not educational requirements, for increasing HPV vaccination coverage among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa B. Gilkey
- Gillings School of Global Public Health
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - N. Loren Oh
- Gillings School of Global Public Health
- School of Medicine
| | | | - Rebecca Carlson
- Health Sciences Library
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Greeshma James
- Duke Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brigid K. Grabert
- Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Enujioke SC, Shedd-Steele R, Daggy J, Burney HN, Head KJ, Kasting ML, Zimet G. County-level correlates of completed HPV vaccination in Indiana. Vaccine 2023; 41:5752-5757. [PMID: 37599142 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The Healthy People 2030 goal is for 80% of all adolescents to complete their HPV vaccination series. Per the 2021, National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen), 61.7% of adolescents have completed the series, and Indiana lags below the national average (55.2%). The present study estimated the 2-dose HPV vaccine series completion rates across Indiana counties among individuals aged 9-14 years who received their first dose of vaccine and determined what factors were associated with series completion at the county level. The association of county-level sociodemographic and health measures with series completion was also examined. Data were extracted from the Indiana Immunization Information System (IIS), administered by the Indiana Department of Health. All vaccine providers are required to report all immunizations to the system for any patient under age 19 years. All Indiana children ages 9-14 years at the time of first dose who had initiated HPV vaccination in 2017 or 2018 were included. Two-dose series completion was evaluated through October of 2020, allowing a minimum gap of 22 months from first dose administration. All statistical analyses were conducted at the county-level. The Indiana HPV vaccination series completion rate among individuals that received the first dose was on average 73% across counties, ranging from 55.7% to 90.4%. Higher series completion was positively associated with primary care providers per capita, participation in mammography screening among Medicare enrollees, median household income, life expectancy, percentage of residents with some college, percentage of adults up-to-date with colonoscopy screening, and percentage of adults with flu vaccine. There was wide variability in series completion across Indiana counties. HPV series completion was associated with county-level sociodemographic and health measures, particularly variables reflecting difficulties with access to care and lack of financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C Enujioke
- CDR, MC USN, Department of Pediatrics-Division of Adolescent Medicine, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, Portsmouth, VA, United States.
| | | | - Joanne Daggy
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Heather N Burney
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Katharine J Head
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Department of Communication Studies, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Monica L Kasting
- Purdue University, Department of Public Health, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Gregory Zimet
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Vielot NA, Lane RM, Loefstedt K, Cunningham JL, Everson J, Tiller E, Johnson Patel SE, Smith JS. Acceptability and readiness to promote human papillomavirus vaccination at ages 9-10 years: a feasibility study among North Carolina clinics. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:153. [PMID: 37653458 PMCID: PMC10470204 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in adolescents as young as age 9, providers typically recommend it at ages 11-12. Studies suggest that recommending HPV vaccination at 9 or 10 years of age could increase up-to-date vaccination by age 13, which could especially benefit rural populations with reduced access to primary health care and lower HPV vaccination coverage than urban areas. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the age-9 recommendation of HPV vaccination in rural clinics. We conducted in-depth interviews with providers and staff from two primary care clinics in central North Carolina to understand attitudes toward recommending HPV vaccination to 9- and 10-year-olds. All interviewees agreed that HPV vaccination was important for cancer prevention and should be recommended before the onset of sexual activity, agreeing that HPV vaccination could be initiated before age 11 to improve timeliness and completion of the vaccination series. However, opinions were mixed on whether HPV vaccination should be initiated as young as 9 years old. Two key informants recruited from two university-affiliated clinics described their experiences recommending HPV vaccination to 9- and 10-year-olds, including a modified vaccination schedule that promotes HPV vaccination during routine well-child visits, prior to pubertal onset, and alongside other recommended adolescent vaccines. Age-9 recommendation and administration of HPV vaccination is possible with minimal changes to current clinical practices and could increase the convenience and acceptability of HPV vaccination in under-vaccinated settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Vielot
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 590 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Robyn M Lane
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 590 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Loefstedt
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jason Everson
- Piedmont Health Services, Inc, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eli Tiller
- Piedmont Health Services, Inc, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jennifer S Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Abdelaliem SMF, Kuaia AM, Hadadi AA, Alhujayri AK, Al Anazi AA, Hajar AA, AlShareda RS, Amri SM. Knowledge and Attitudes toward Human Papillomavirus and Vaccination: A Survey among Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1766. [PMID: 37372889 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most prevalent conditions affecting the vaginal organs is the human papilloma virus (HPV). Human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and attitudes have been the subject of numerous studies in Saudi Arabia. However, there are only a few studies that have examined university students' attitudes and knowledge of the human papillomavirus and the vaccine that is associated with it. AIM To predict the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV and its related vaccine among undergraduate nursing students. METHODOLOGY This was descriptive cross-sectional research. After being selected from Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University's College of Nursing, 307 nursing students agreed to take part and completed an online survey that was self-administered. RESULTS The majority of the participants (73.5%) had a low level of knowledge of HPV with a mean score of 2.77 ± 1.78. In addition, more than half of the participating nursing students (57%) had a moderate attitude toward HPV vaccination with a mean score of 51.18 ± 11.16. The study results also verified that there was a highly significant correlation between the nursing students' demographics and their knowledge and attitudes toward HPV (p < 0.001). According to the SEM, nursing students' knowledge regarding HPV accounted for 48% of the variance in students' attitudes. CONCLUSION Nursing students' knowledge regarding HPV vaccination is an important predictor of students' attitudes regarding HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem
- Nursing Management and Education Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Abeer Mohammed Kuaia
- College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Ahmed Hadadi
- College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf Khalid Alhujayri
- College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Awad Al Anazi
- College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areen Abdulelah Hajar
- College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba Shayaa AlShareda
- College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleha Mohammed Amri
- College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Wang SM, Keegan EA, Bryan KM, Kazma J, Das KJ, Long BJ, BuAbbud A. Human papillomavirus vaccination receipt and provider counseling rates among high-risk patients. Vaccine 2023; 41:2961-2967. [PMID: 37029002 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe provider documented counseling patterns and perception regarding HPV vaccination among patients with a history of cervical dysplasia. METHODS All patients ages 21-45 who underwent colposcopy at a single academic medical center from 2018 to 2020were sent a self-administered survey through the electronic medical record patient portal to assess their attitudes regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Demographic information, HPV vaccination history, and documented obstetrics and gynecology provider counseling at the time of colposcopy were examined. RESULTS Of 1465patients, 434 (29.6 %) reported or had documented receipt of at least one dose of the human papillomavirus vaccine. The remainder reported they were not vaccinated or had no documentation of vaccination. Proportion of vaccinated patients was higher among White compared to Black and Asian patients (P = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, private insurance (aOR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.4-3.7) was associated with vaccinated status while Asian race (aOR 0.4, 95 % CI 0.2-0.7) and hypertension (aOR 0.2, 95 % CI 0.08-0.7) were less likely to be associated with vaccination status. Among patients with unvaccinated or unknown vaccination status, 112 (10.8 %) received documented counseling regardingcatch-up human papillomavirus vaccination at a gynecologic visit. Patients seen by a sub-specialist obstetrics and gynecologic provider were more likely to have documented provider counseling regarding vaccination compared to those seen by a generalist obstetric/gynecologist provider (26 % vs 9.8 %, p < 0.001). Patients cited lack of physician discussion (53.7 %) and the belief that they were too old to receive the HPV vaccine (48.8 %) as the main reasons for remaining unvaccinated. CONCLUSION HPV vaccination and the rate of obstetric and gynecologic provider counseling regarding HPV vaccination among patients undergoing colposcopy remains low. When surveyed, many patients with a history of colposcopy cited provider recommendation as afactor in their decision to undergo adjuvant HPV vaccination, demonstrating the importance of provider counseling in thisgroup.
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Social determinants of human papillomavirus vaccine series completion among U.S. adolescents: A mixed-methods study. SSM Popul Health 2022; 18:101082. [PMID: 35493405 PMCID: PMC9038569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination can significantly reduce HPV-associated cancers. In the US, two doses are recommended for vaccine completion for younger adolescents. However, series completion rates remain below the nation's goal of 80% coverage. Multi-faceted factors may influence adolescent series completion. The purpose of this study was to identify individual-level, relationship-level, and community-level factors of timely series completion among adolescents, ages 11–14, initiating the HPV vaccine series in 2017. Methods A convergent, mixed-methods design was used combining adolescent electronic health record data (n = 803) and qualitative interviews with adolescents and their parents (n = 32) to assess timely series completion within 14-months (e.g., January 2018 to February 2019). Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined individual-level and community-level factors influencing timely series completion. Directed content analysis was used to identify relevant themes and subthemes. We provided an integrative summary to assess patterns of convergence or divergence between quantitative and qualitative data. Results In the quantitative phase, 61.0% of adolescents completed the vaccine series and 47.3% completed it on-time. Higher odds of timely series completion were among younger adolescents at vaccine initiation (aOR = 1.82, 95%CI = 1.07, 3.11) and lower among adolescents who were Black (aOR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.37, 0.89) and Hispanic (aOR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.30, 0.95) compared to Non-Hispanic White adolescents and those without private insurance (aOR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.37, 0.85). Qualitative findings revealed increased risk for HPV at sexual debut as a motivator for timely series completion. Family/peers and healthcare providers influenced timely series completion among minority adolescents. Community-level factors were not significantly associated with timely series completion, however, qualitative findings revealed lack of transportation as a barrier to timely series completion. Conclusion Multi-level factors continue to influence timely series completion, despite fewer doses needed for series completion. Innovative strategies are needed to improve care coordination for receiving vaccine doses, patient-provider communication about series completion and increase access to HPV vaccine. Access barriers create challenges for teens to complete the HPV vaccine series. Racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent HPV vaccine series completion exist. Family and healthcare providers influence parents' decisions for series completion. Parents and adolescents continue to misunderstand the HPV vaccine schedule. Despite barriers, parents and teens are motivated to finish the HPV vaccine series.
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7
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Packnett ER, Zimmerman NM, Kim G, Novy P, Morgan LC, Chime N, Ghaswalla P. A Real-world Claims Data Analysis of Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine Series Completion and Potential Missed Opportunities in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:e158-e165. [PMID: 35086118 PMCID: PMC8920016 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccination is recommended for 16-23-year-olds based on shared clinical decision-making. We estimated series completion among individuals initiating MenB vaccination for the 2 available vaccines: MenB 4-component (MenB-4C, doses at 0 and ≥1 month) and MenB factor H binding protein (MenB-FHbp, doses at 0 and 6 months). METHODS This retrospective health insurance claims data analysis included 16-23-year-olds who initiated MenB vaccination (index date) during January 2017 to November 2018 (MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database) or January 2017 to September 2018 (MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid Database) and had continuous enrollment for ≥6 months before and ≥15 months after index. The main outcome was MenB vaccine series completion within 15 months. Among noncompleters, preventive care/well-child and vaccine administrative office visits were identified as potential missed opportunities for series completion. Robust Poisson regression models identified independent predictors of series completion. RESULTS In the Commercial (n = 156,080) and Medicaid (n = 57,082) populations, series completion was 56.7% and 44.7%, respectively, and was higher among those who initiated MenB-4C versus MenB-FHbp (61.1% versus 49.8% and 47.8% versus 33.9%, respectively; both P < 0.001). Among noncompleters, 40.2% and 34.7% of the Commercial and Medicaid populations, respectively, had ≥1 missed opportunity for series completion. Receipt of MenB-4C and younger age were independently associated with a higher probability of series completion. CONCLUSIONS Series completion rates were suboptimal but were higher among those who initiated MenB-4C. To maximize the benefits of MenB vaccination, interventions to improve completion and reduce missed opportunities should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Packnett
- From the IBM Watson Health, Life Sciences, Outcomes Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole M. Zimmerman
- From the IBM Watson Health, Life Sciences, Outcomes Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gilwan Kim
- IBM Watson Health, Life Sciences, Custom Data Analytics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Laura C. Morgan
- From the IBM Watson Health, Life Sciences, Outcomes Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nnenna Chime
- GSK, US Medical Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Parinaz Ghaswalla
- GSK, US Health Outcomes & Epidemiology – Vaccines, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Mansfield LN, Silva SG, Merwin EI, Chung RJ, Gonzalez-Guarda RM. Factors Associated With Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Series Completion Among Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:701-708. [PMID: 34256974 PMCID: PMC9948546 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most cancers associated with the human papillomavirus are preventable through vaccination. However, adolescent series completion rates are at 75.8%. Two vaccine doses are recommended for adolescents, but factors influencing 2-dose series completion are not well explored. The purpose of this study is to examine individual-level and community-level factors associated with timely human papillomavirus vaccine series completion among adolescents in the Southeastern U.S. METHODS Series completion was assessed from January 2018 to February 2019 among a cohort of adolescents initiating vaccination in 2017. Factors influencing overall series completion and timely series completion were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among the sample, 64.4% completed the vaccine series and 53.8% completed it timely (e.g., 14 months). Higher odds of series completion were among adolescents who were younger at vaccine initiation (AOR=1.94, 95% CI=1.50, 2.50), who traveled moderate distances to the clinic (AOR=1.62, 95% CI=1.03, 2.56), and who lived in low-deprivation neighborhoods (AOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.31, 2.60), and lower among Hispanic (AOR=0.62, 95% CI=0.45, 0.87) and non-Hispanic Black (AOR=0.66, 95% CI=0.54, 0.81) adolescents and among those without private insurance (AOR=0.68, 95% CI=0.56, 0.83). Timely series completion resulted in similar findings; however, lower odds were among Hispanic (AOR=0.63, 95% CI=0.43, 0.95) and non-Hispanic Black (AOR=0.68, 95% CI=0.50, 0.92) adolescents than among non-Hispanic other adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Individual-level and community-level factors continue to influence adolescent series completion, despite a reduction in doses. Future research is needed to understand racial/ethnic and regional disparities in human papillomavirus vaccine series completion and to develop interventions to promote series completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Mansfield
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Susan G Silva
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth I Merwin
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Richard J Chung
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Mansfield LN, Silva SG, Merwin EI, Chung RJ, Gonzalez-Guarda RM. Factors Associated With Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Series Completion Among Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:701-708. [PMID: 34256974 PMCID: PMC9948546 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.04.031|] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most cancers associated with the human papillomavirus are preventable through vaccination. However, adolescent series completion rates are at 75.8%. Two vaccine doses are recommended for adolescents, but factors influencing 2-dose series completion are not well explored. The purpose of this study is to examine individual-level and community-level factors associated with timely human papillomavirus vaccine series completion among adolescents in the Southeastern U.S. METHODS Series completion was assessed from January 2018 to February 2019 among a cohort of adolescents initiating vaccination in 2017. Factors influencing overall series completion and timely series completion were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among the sample, 64.4% completed the vaccine series and 53.8% completed it timely (e.g., 14 months). Higher odds of series completion were among adolescents who were younger at vaccine initiation (AOR=1.94, 95% CI=1.50, 2.50), who traveled moderate distances to the clinic (AOR=1.62, 95% CI=1.03, 2.56), and who lived in low-deprivation neighborhoods (AOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.31, 2.60), and lower among Hispanic (AOR=0.62, 95% CI=0.45, 0.87) and non-Hispanic Black (AOR=0.66, 95% CI=0.54, 0.81) adolescents and among those without private insurance (AOR=0.68, 95% CI=0.56, 0.83). Timely series completion resulted in similar findings; however, lower odds were among Hispanic (AOR=0.63, 95% CI=0.43, 0.95) and non-Hispanic Black (AOR=0.68, 95% CI=0.50, 0.92) adolescents than among non-Hispanic other adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Individual-level and community-level factors continue to influence adolescent series completion, despite a reduction in doses. Future research is needed to understand racial/ethnic and regional disparities in human papillomavirus vaccine series completion and to develop interventions to promote series completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Mansfield
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Susan G Silva
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth I Merwin
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Richard J Chung
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Islam JY, Gurbani A, Ramos S, Morgan K, Kim CJ, Richter KL, de Sanjose S, Smith JS, Vielot NA. Health Care Provider Perceptions of Facilitators and Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Delivery in Five Countries. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:557-564. [PMID: 34014055 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs could reduce global cervical cancer morbidity and mortality with support from health care providers. We assessed providers' perceptions of HPV vaccination in 5 countries. METHODS We identified providers from 5 countries where national HPV vaccination programs were at various stages of implementation: Argentina, Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain. Providers authorized to administer adolescent vaccines completed an in-depth survey, reporting perceptions of barriers and facilitators to initiating and completing HPV vaccination, and logistical challenges to HPV vaccination. RESULTS Among 151 providers, common barriers to HPV vaccination initiation across all countries were parents' lack of awareness (39%), concerns about vaccine safety or efficacy (33%), and cost to patients (30%). Vaccination education campaign (70%) was the most commonly cited facilitator of HPV vaccination initiation. Common barriers to series completion included no reminder system or dosing schedule (37%), loss to follow-up or forgetting appointment (29%), and cost to patients (25%). Cited facilitators to completing the vaccine series were education campaigns (45%), affordable vaccination (32%), and reminder/recall systems (22%). Among all countries, high cost of vaccination was the most common logistical challenge to offering vaccination to adolescents (33%). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating provider insights into future HPV vaccination programs could accelerate vaccine delivery to increase HPV vaccination rates globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arshya Gurbani
- Interdisciplinary Health Communication Program, School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Silvina Ramos
- Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen Morgan
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chan Joo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, St Paul's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Karin L Richter
- Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- PATH, Seattle, US & CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nadja A Vielot
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Dang JHT, Stewart SL, Blumberg DA, Rodriguez HP, Chen MS. Patient and clinician factors associated with uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among adolescent patients of a primary care network. Vaccine 2021; 39:3528-3535. [PMID: 34023133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates for adolescents remain relatively low. The purpose of this study is to examine patient and clinician factors associated with HPV vaccination among patients, ages 11-17, of a large community-based primary care network. METHODS Electronic health records and administrative data from a large primary care network from January 2017 - June 2018 for patients ages 11-17 (n = 10,682) and the 198 primary care clinicians that saw them were analyzed. Mixed effects logistic regression models examined the association of patient and clinician factors with HPV vaccine uptake. RESULTS Most patients (63.0%) had at least one dose of the HPV vaccine, and 37.7% were up to date. In adjusted analyses, patients who received the tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 2.1-3.9) compared to those who did not receive the vaccine and patients with five or more medical visits (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6-2.2) had the greatest odds of being up to date with the HPV vaccine series. Compared to White patients, African American/Black (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6 - 1.0) and Alaskan Native/American Indian (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9) patients were less likely to be up to date. Boys were also less likely to be up to date with the HPV vaccine series compared to girls (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.7-0.8). Additionally, patients with family/general practice primary care clinicians were less likely to have their patients up to date than those with pediatricians (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6 - 1.0). CONCLUSION HPV vaccine uptake varied by patient characteristics, heath care utilization and primary care clinician specialty. These findings may inform future evidence-based interventions aimed at increasing HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents by targeting patient sub-groups and reducing missed opportunities for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H T Dang
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Division of Health Policy and Management, Department of Public Health Sciences, 4501 X Street, Suite 3003, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Susan L Stewart
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, 2450 48th Street, Suite 1600, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Dean A Blumberg
- University of California, Davis Health, Department of Pediatrics, 2561 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hector P Rodriguez
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Division of Health Policy and Management, 2121 Berkeley Way #5427, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Moon S Chen
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, 2540 48th Street, Suite 1600, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Brandt HM, Vanderpool RC, Pilar M, Zubizarreta M, Stradtman LR. A narrative review of HPV vaccination interventions in rural U.S. communities. Prev Med 2021; 145:106407. [PMID: 33388323 PMCID: PMC10064483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in the United States (U.S.) is far below the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80% coverage among adolescents. In rural communities, HPV vaccination coverage is low, yet incidence and mortality rates of HPV-associated cancer are high. Much of the research focused on HPV vaccination in rural U.S. communities has involved qualitative investigations, observations, survey research, and secondary data analysis with limited implementation of interventional study designs. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine intervention studies to increase HPV vaccination in rural settings and to summarize study characteristics and associated outcomes. PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched utilizing systematic narrative review methodology for studies describing implementation of HPV vaccination interventions in rural U.S. settings from January 2006-December 2019. Using specific search criteria, 991 studies were identified. After abstract review, 30 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 15 met the inclusion criteria. The 15 articles - published from 2011 to 2019 - described HPV vaccination interventions in rural settings of six states, including communities, health clinics, and schools. A range of primary and secondary outcomes were reported, including HPV vaccine receipt (series initiation, continuation, and/or completion); HPV vaccine knowledge; and/or cervical cancer knowledge. Across the studies, there was an absence of the description of rural context. As compared to the broader HPV vaccination intervention literature, interventions in rural settings were limited. More interventional research is needed in rural communities given the elevated rates of HPV-related cancer and low rates of HPV vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Brandt
- University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion, Education, Behavior, Rural and Minority Health Research Center, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
| | - Robin C Vanderpool
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, 9609 Medical Center Drive, 3E610, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
| | - Meagan Pilar
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - Maria Zubizarreta
- University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Core for Applied Research and Evaluation, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
| | - Lindsay R Stradtman
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, 113 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
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Koskan A, Klasko-Foster L, Stecher C, Rodriguez S, Helitzer D, Yoo W. Human papillomavirus vaccine guideline adherence among Arizona's Medicaid beneficiaries. Vaccine 2020; 39:682-686. [PMID: 33358413 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented with the timely uptake and completion of the HPV vaccine series. Series completion is associated with increased vaccine effectiveness and longevity of protection. Medicaid beneficiaries are among populations with higher HPV vaccine uptake; however, little research describes factors that influence their HPV vaccine series completion. This study reports on a secondary data analysis of Arizona Medicaid data (Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System) from years 2008-2016. We summarized patient data using descriptive statistics and explored relationships between demographic variables and HPV vaccine administration information using bivariate logistic regression. Results of this analysis showed that females were more likely to complete the series as compared to males, and the age group that had the greatest odd of vaccine completion were 13-17-year-olds, the catch-up vaccine population. White Medicaid beneficiaries were most likely to adhere to HPV vaccine guidelines, followed by Hispanic beneficiaries. Patients receiving care in urban settings were more likely to complete the HPV vaccine series than people receiving care in rural areas of the state. Although statistically insignificant, people living with HIV were less likely to complete the 3-dose series. Future work should focus on ensuring that HPV vaccine age-eligible Medicaid, including people living with HIV, adhere to HPV vaccine guidelines. Expanding programs such as Vaccines for Children and scope of practice for dental professionals to offer the vaccine may provide additional options for Medicaid beneficiaries to vaccinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Koskan
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Lynne Klasko-Foster
- Brown University, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, United States.
| | - Chad Stecher
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, United States.
| | - Sue Rodriguez
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Deborah Helitzer
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Wonsuk Yoo
- Arizona State University, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
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McRea A, Moore B, Morris H, Cortright L, Buckman C, Tumin D, Baker KD. Human papillomavirus vaccine series follow-through: comparison of four clinics in an academic medical center. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:431-436. [PMID: 32870809 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) recommends that the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series be initiated at ages 11-12 years, but many children never follow-through with the series. By examining differences in clinic-specific vaccine series follow-through rates across four clinics, we aimed to identify best practices related to communication around the vaccine and pathways to follow-through. Methods We used the electronic medical record (EMR) to retrospectively analyze HPV vaccine follow-through at four clinic settings. We limited the sample to children ages 11-17 who received a dose of the vaccine series at any of the clinics between January 2015 and June 2018. The primary outcome was follow-through of the HPV vaccine series within 18 months of initiation. Results A total of 3,813 patients were included in this study, 29% of which followed through with the HPV vaccine series. There was significant variability of vaccine follow-through among the clinics (p<0.001), with the Med/Peds clinic having the highest rate of follow-through (32%). After adjusting for confounding variables, multivariable analysis found that Med/Peds and Family Medicine had higher odds of HPV vaccine series follow-through than the Pediatrics clinic. Conclusions We found that the likelihood of vaccine series follow-through was highest when the series was started in the Med/Peds and Family Medicine clinics, compared to Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. These results suggest that further qualitative research is needed to understand what communication strategies are most effective at facilitating HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents, and how the most effective strategies can be shared among clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail McRea
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Brittney Moore
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA, phone: 252-744-4773
| | - Lindsay Cortright
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA, phone: 252-744-4773
| | - Cierra Buckman
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA, phone: 252-744-4773
| | - Dmitry Tumin
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA, phone: 252-744-4773
| | - K Drew Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA, phone: 252-744-4773
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