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Wang H, Cui B, Yan H, Wu S, Wang K, Yang G, Jiang J, Li Y. Targeting 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase against EV-A71 replication by upregulating interferon response. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105497. [PMID: 36528172 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a close link between viral infections and cholesterol metabolism. Here, we reported that 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), a terminal enzyme for catalyzing cholesterol synthesis in the Kandutsch-Russell pathway, is harnessed by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) benefitting for its replication. Overexpression of DHCR7 resulted in upregulating of EV-A71 replication, while the S14A mutation, which reduces DHCR7 enzyme activity, has no effect on EV-A71 replication. Knockdown of DHCR7 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or enzyme activity inhibition with pharmacological inhibitor AY9944 could significantly inhibit EV-A71 replication. Adding cholesterol to DHCR7 knockdown cells or AY9944-treated cells could rescue EV-A71 replication. More importantly, prophylactic administration of AY9944 effectively protected mice from lethal EV-A71 infection. In addition, the natural cholesterol precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), which is converted to cholesterol by DHCR7, has a similar effect against EV-A71 infection. Mechanistically, AY9944 or 7-DHC treatment can specifically promote IRF3 phosphorylation to activate interferon response. Moreover, AY9944 effectively cleared coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) infections in vitro. In conclusion, pharmacological modulation of DHCR7 might provide a chance for treatment of enterovirus infection, including EV-A71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Boming Cui
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuhuan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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2
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Chen J, Jin P, Chen X, Mao Q, Meng F, Li X, Chen W, Du M, Gao F, Liu P, Li X, Guo C, Xie T, Lu W, Li Q, Li L, Yan X, Guo X, Du H, Li X, Duan K, Zhu F. Clinical evaluation of the lot-to-lot consistency of an enterovirus 71 vaccine in a commercial-scale phase IV clinical trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2063630. [PMID: 35714273 PMCID: PMC9897631 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2063630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immunogenicity, safety and lot-to-lot consistency of an inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine cultured in bioreactors with different specifications after full immunization. METHODS A randomized, double-blind trial was performed in 3,000 children aged 6 ~ 35 months with six vaccine batches, which were prepared in 40 L and 150 L bioreactors for three consecutive batches respectively. Children were immunized on day 0 and 28, serum samples were collected on day 0 and 56, and neutralizing antibody titers were determined by the microcytopathic method. Immediate reactions were recorded within 30 min, local and systemic symptoms were recorded within 0 ~ 28 days, and serious adverse events were recorded within 6 months. RESULTS After immunization with two doses of the inactivated EV71 vaccine, the neutralizing antibody GMT was 825.52 ± 4.09, and the positive conversion rate was 96.18%, with no significant difference. The 95% CI of the serum neutralizing antibody GMT ratio between the two groups after immunization with the three vaccine batches produced in the 150 L and 40 L bioreactors ranged from .67 ~ 1.5. The overall incidence of adverse reactions, mainly grade 1 reactions, for all 6 batches from 0 to 28 days after vaccination was 49.62%, with no significant difference (p = .8736). The incidence of systemic adverse reactions, primarily fever and diarrhea, was 45.14%; the incidence of local adverse reactions, primarily erythema and tenderness, was 9.43%. CONCLUSION The EV71 vaccine was highly immunogenic and safe in children aged 6-35 months, and 6 consecutive batches produced by the two bioreactors with different specifications were consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fanyue Meng
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meizhi Du
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Pei County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pei County, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Pei County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pei County, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changfu Guo
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingbo Xie
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- Department of Research and Development, National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Yan
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongqiao Du
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Fengcai Zhu No.172, Jiangsu Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Kai Duan
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Xiuling Li No. 758, Guangfeng Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Kai Duan No. 1, Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Zhengdian, Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
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Lien SC, Lu CC, Shen YS, Yang YT, Wu SR, Fang CY, Chow YH, Liao CL, Chiang JR, Liu CC. Separation and purification of highly infectious enterovirus A71 particles using a strong anion-exchange column. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1680:463427. [PMID: 36029731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Virions produced from cell culture is the primary source for production of formalin-inactivated whole virus vaccines for enteroviruses. EV-A71 particles produced from culture system comprise two major types, the immature/empty (E)-particle and the mature/full (F)-particle, which both exhibit low isoelectric point (pI) values but have distinct differences in infectivity and immunogenicity. Although EV-A71 particles can conventionally be separated into E-particle and F-particle using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, this procedure is cumbersome and difficult to put into practice for vaccine production. Methods based on ion-exchange chromatography have been exploited to improve the purification efficacy; however, none of them are capable of separating the E- and F-particles efficiently. In this study, we aimed to develop an approach to isolate and purify the highly immunogenic mature EV-A71 particles. By applying a step gradient elution procedure, we successfully isolated the viral structure protein VP0-cleaved particles of EV-A71 from a mixture of cultured viral solution using the Q-membrane anion-exchange chromatography. The elution started with 0.1x phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution while increasing the percentage of 1x PBS containing 1M NaCl in sequential steps. By this procedure, the VP0-cleaved mature particles and VP0-uncleaved immature particles of EV-A71 could be separated into different fractions in Q-membrane with gradually increased NaCl concentration in elution buffer. The purified VP0-cleaved particles were shown to have characteristics equivalent to those of the highly infectious F-particles of EV-A71. The overall recovery rate for the mature EV-A71 particles by Q-membrane is 56% and its purity was shown to be equivalent to those isolated by the sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Our approach provides a simple and efficient purification method for recovering mature, highly infectious virus particles from the EV-A71 culture bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Lien
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Lu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Shen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yeu Fang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Chow
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ron Chiang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chyi Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
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Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine Administered Simultaneously with Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine, Group A Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, Measles-Rubella Combined Vaccine and Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine: A Multi-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial in China. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060895. [PMID: 35746502 PMCID: PMC9230521 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity and safety of the enterovirus 71 vaccine (EV71 vaccine) administered alone or simultaneously. Methods: A multi-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial was performed involving 1080 healthy infants aged 6 months or 8 months from Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Hunan provinces. These infants were divided into four simultaneous administration groups and EV71 vaccine separate administration group. Blood samples were collected from the infants before the first vaccination and after the completion of the vaccination. This trial was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry (NCT03519568). Results: A total of 895 were included in the per-protocol analysis. The seroconversion rates of antibodies against EV71 in four simultaneous administration groups (98.44% (189/192), 94.57% (122/129), 99.47% (187/188) and 98.45% (190/193)) were non-inferior to EV71 vaccine separate administration group (97.93% [189/193]) respectively. Fever was the most common adverse event, the pairwise comparison tests showed no difference in the incidence rate of solicited, systemic or local adverse events. Three serious adverse events related to the vaccination were reported. Conclusions: The evidence of immunogenicity and safety supports that the EV71 vaccine administered simultaneously with vaccines need to be administered during the same period of time recommended in China.
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Wei Z, Wang X, Feng H, Ji F, Bai D, Dong X, Huang W. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid detection of virus. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:415-432. [PMID: 35156471 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the research field and industrial market of in vitro diagnosis (IVD) thrived during and post the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of isothermal nucleic acid amplification test (INAAT) based rapid diagnosis was engendered in a global wised large measure as a problem-solving exercise. This review systematically analyzed the recent advances of INAAT strategies with practical case for the real-world scenario virus detection applications. With the qualities that make INAAT systems useful for making diagnosis relevant decisions, the key performance indicators and the cost-effectiveness of enzyme-assisted methods and enzyme-free methods were compared. The modularity of nucleic acid amplification reactions that can lead to thresholding signal amplifications using INAAT reagents and their methodology design were examined, alongside the potential application with rapid test platform/device integration. Given that clinical practitioners are, by and large, unaware of many the isothermal nucleic acid test advances. This review could bridge the arcane research field of different INAAT systems and signal output modalities with end-users in clinic when choosing suitable test kits and/or methods for rapid virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenting Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Huhu Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanpu Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 2nd Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Nanchong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The 2nd Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Nanchong, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Nanchong, China
| | - Dan Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanchong, China
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6
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Wu Y, Qu Z, Xiong R, Yang Y, Liu S, Nie J, Liang C, Huang W, Wang Y, Fan C. A practical method for evaluating the in vivo efficacy of EVA-71 vaccine using a hSCARB2 knock-in mouse model. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1180-1190. [PMID: 34044752 PMCID: PMC8205003 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1934558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a contagious disease common among children under 5 years old worldwide. It is caused by strains of enterovirus, especially EV-A71, which can lead to severe disease. Vaccines are the only way to fight this disease. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish an efficient and accurate methodology to evaluate vaccine efficacy in vivo. Here, we established a practical method using a hSCARB2 knock-in mouse model, which was susceptible to EV-A71 infection at 5-6 weeks of age, to directly determine the efficacy of vaccines. Unlike traditional approaches, one-week-old hSCARB2 mice were immunized twice with a licensed vaccine, with an interval of a week. The titre of antibodies was measured after 1 week. Mice at 4 weeks of age were challenged with EV-A71 intraperitoneally and intracranially, respectively. The unimmunized hSCARB2 mice displayed systemic clinical symptoms and succumbed to the disease at a rate of approximately 50%. High viral loads were detected in the lungs, brain, and muscles, accompanied by clear pathological changes. The expression of IL-1β, IL-13, IL-17, and TNF-α was significantly upregulated. By contrast, the immunized group was practically normal and indistinguishable from the control mice. These results indicate that the hSCARB2 knock-in mouse is susceptible to infection in adulthood, and the in vivo efficacy of EV-A71 vaccine could be directly evaluated in this mouse model. The method developed here may be used in the development of new vaccines against HFMD or quality control of licensed vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Qu
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Susu Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunnan Liang
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changfa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Li ZQ, Qin ZQ, Tan HF, Zhang CH, Xu JX, Chen J, Ni LH, Yun XX, Cui M, Huang Y, Wang W, Zhang ZB. Analysis of the coverage of inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine and adverse events following immunization with the EV71 vaccine among children from 2016 to 2019 in Guangzhou. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:907-918. [PMID: 34036862 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1933451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Since 2016, China has approved the use of inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines produced by three manufacturers. The coverage and safety of different EV71 vaccines need to be evaluated.Research design and methods: The EV71 vaccination and AEFI data were collected from the Guangzhou Children's Vaccination Information Report Management System and the China AEFI Monitoring Information Management System, and the EV71 vaccine coverage rate and the AEFI incidence rate were analyzed.Results: From 2016 to 2019, the number of people who should have been vaccinated in Guangzhou was 2,781,618, and the coverage rates for doses 1 and 2 were 24.71% and 19.44%, respectively. The inoculation rates of vaccines from manufacturers A and B were between 3.03 and 10.46%. The reported incidence of AEFIs was 11.97 per 100,000 (147 cases), with fever (106 cases, 8.63 per 100,000) and allergic rash (59 cases, 4.80 per 100,000) being the most common reactions. There were no differences in the AEFI responses to the EV71 vaccines from the three manufacturers.Conclusion: The EV71 vaccines from the three manufacturers have good safety, but the EV71 vaccine coverage rate is low. It is recommended that vaccine publicity be strengthened and that the vaccine coverage rate in children be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Li
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Zi-Qi Qin
- Department of Film, Theatre & Television, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Hui-Feng Tan
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Chun-Huan Zhang
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Jian-Xiong Xu
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Jian Chen
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Li-Hong Ni
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Xue-Xia Yun
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Min Cui
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Yong Huang
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Wen Wang
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
| | - Zhou-Bin Zhang
- Ministry of immunization, Guangzhou Center For Disease Control And Prevention
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Yang T, Liu B, Yue L, Xie T, Li H, Shao M, Yang R, Luo F, Long R, Xie Z. Preclinical safety assessment of a combined vaccine against Hepatitis a virus and enterovirus 71. Vaccine 2021; 39:3952-3963. [PMID: 34088510 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since 2007, Hepatitis A (HAV) vaccination has been a part of the National Immunization Program of China. Recognizing enterovirus 71 (EV71) as the most important pathogen in severe hand, foot and mouth disease, an inactivated EV71 vaccine was successfully marketed in 2015. Based on the concept of one vaccine preventing two diseases and owing to similarities in vaccine preparation and the overlap of the eligible population, a combination of the inactivated HAV vaccine and inactivated EV71 vaccine is theoretically feasible and desirable. However, the optimal vaccinationschedule for this combination vaccine has yet to be optimized. Use of this combined vaccine would not only decrease the number of vaccinations, but also lower associated cost. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity and adverse reactions of the combined HAV-EV71 vaccine under Good Laboratory Practice conditions to provide a reference for clinical studies/applications in the future. CD®(Sprague Dawley) IGS rats were employed for single-dose toxicity testing using a high dose, and repeated-dose toxicity testing using high, as well as low doses. Animals that received only a single dose showed no obvious clinical symptoms nor abnormal body weight, and no significant gross pathological change at the experimental endpoint at necropsy. In the rats injected with three doses, phagocytosis of basophilic granules by macrophages was observed in the inguinal, mesenteric, and local lymph nodes, besides irritation at the administration site. At 56 days after the last dose, no significant histopathological change was observed in the lymph nodes, and local irritation gradually faded. Further, systematic allergy testing was performed in guinea pigs. After systemic sensitization and challenge with the HAV-EV71 vaccine, animals showed normal weight gain and no allergic reactions. This study, therefore, confirmed a good safety profile of the inactivated HAV and EV71 combined vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Baofeng Liu
- Xinbo Pharmaceutical R&D.Ltd., Dezhou, China
| | - Lei Yue
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hua Li
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | | | - Rong Yang
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Fangyu Luo
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Runxiang Long
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Zhongping Xie
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
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9
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Li J, Yin X, Lin A, Nie X, Liu L, Liu S, Li N, Wang P, Song S, Wang S, Xu D. EV71 vaccination impact on the incidence of encephalitis in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2097-2100. [PMID: 33522390 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1851129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to analyze the effect of EV71 vaccination on the incidence of encephalitis in patients with HFMD, 292 cases were vaccinated, and 2,486 cases were not vaccinated which were collected in 2018 and 2019. It shows that the incidence rate of encephalitis in vaccinated patients was significantly lower than that in non-vaccinated (P = .028), which suggests that EV71 vaccine has a protective effect on the occurrence of encephalitis. But some EV71 vaccinated patients still developed into encephalitis showed that they had not produced protection or protection was weak against EV71-related encephalitis; the reasons require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuzhi Yin
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Aiwei Lin
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuzhen Nie
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shihua Liu
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Na Li
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Song
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoning Wang
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Daoyan Xu
- Infectious Diseases Department, Shandong University Qilu Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
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