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Parrish KM, Gestal MC. Eosinophils as drivers of bacterial immunomodulation and persistence. Infect Immun 2024:e0017524. [PMID: 39007622 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00175-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, eosinophils have been linked to parasitic infections and pathological disease states. However, emerging literature has unveiled a more nuanced and intricate role for these cells, demonstrating their key functions in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Eosinophils exhibit diverse phenotypes and exert multifaceted effects during infections, ranging from promoting pathogen persistence to triggering allergic reactions. Our investigations primarily focus on Bordetella spp., with particular emphasis on Bordetella bronchiseptica, a natural murine pathogen that induces diseases in mice akin to pertussis in humans. Recent findings from our published work have unveiled a striking interaction between B. bronchiseptica and eosinophils, facilitated by the btrS-mediated mechanism. This interaction serves to enhance pathogen persistence while concurrently delaying adaptive immune responses. Notably, this role of eosinophils is only noted in the absence of a functional btrS signaling pathway, indicating that wild-type B. bronchiseptica, and possibly other Bordetella spp., possess such adeptness in manipulating eosinophils that the true function of these cells remains obscured during infection. In this review, we present the mounting evidence pointing toward eosinophils as targets of bacterial exploitation, facilitating pathogen persistence and fostering chronic infections in diverse mucosal sites, including the lungs, gut, and skin. We underscore the pivotal role of the master regulator of Bordetella pathogenesis, the sigma factor BtrS, in orchestrating eosinophil-dependent immunomodulation within the context of pulmonary infection. These putative convergent strategies of targeting eosinophils offer promising avenues for the development of novel therapeutics targeting respiratory and other mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Monica C Gestal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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DeJong MA, Wolf MA, Bitzer GJ, Hall JM, Fitzgerald NA, Pyles GM, Huckaby AB, Petty JE, Lee K, Barbier M, Bevere JR, Ernst RK, Damron FH. BECC438b TLR4 agonist supports unique immune response profiles from nasal and muscular DTaP pertussis vaccines in murine challenge models. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0022323. [PMID: 38323817 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00223-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The protection afforded by acellular pertussis vaccines wanes over time, and there is a need to develop improved vaccine formulations. Options to improve the vaccines involve the utilization of different adjuvants and administration via different routes. While intramuscular (IM) vaccination provides a robust systemic immune response, intranasal (IN) vaccination theoretically induces a localized immune response within the nasal cavity. In the case of a Bordetella pertussis infection, IN vaccination results in an immune response that is similar to natural infection, which provides the longest duration of protection. Current acellular formulations utilize an alum adjuvant, and antibody levels wane over time. To overcome the current limitations with the acellular vaccine, we incorporated a novel TLR4 agonist, BECC438b, into both IM and IN acellular formulations to determine its ability to protect against infection in a murine airway challenge model. Following immunization and challenge, we observed that DTaP + BECC438b reduced bacterial burden within the lung and trachea for both administration routes when compared with mock-vaccinated and challenged (MVC) mice. Interestingly, IN administration of DTaP + BECC438b induced a Th1-polarized immune response, while IM vaccination polarized toward a Th2 immune response. RNA sequencing analysis of the lung demonstrated that DTaP + BECC438b activates biological pathways similar to natural infection. Additionally, IN administration of DTaP + BECC438b activated the expression of genes involved in a multitude of pathways associated with the immune system. Overall, these data suggest that BECC438b adjuvant and the IN vaccination route can impact efficacy and responses of pertussis vaccines in pre-clinical mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - M Allison Wolf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Graham J Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Nicholas A Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gage M Pyles
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Annalisa B Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan E Petty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Dubois V, Chatagnon J, Depessemier M, Locht C. Maternal acellular pertussis vaccination in mice impairs cellular immunity to Bordetella pertussis infection in offspring. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167210. [PMID: 37581930 PMCID: PMC10561720 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the resurgence of pertussis, several countries have introduced maternal tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccination during pregnancy to protect young infants against severe pertussis. Although protective against the disease, the effect of maternal aP vaccination on bacterial colonization of the offspring is unknown. Here, we used a mouse model to demonstrate that maternal aP immunization, either before or during pregnancy, protects pups from lung colonization by Bordetella pertussis. However, maternal aP vaccination resulted in significantly prolonged nasal carriage of B. pertussis by inhibiting the natural recruitment of IL-17-producing resident memory T cells and ensuing neutrophil influx in the nasal tissue, especially of those with proinflammatory and cytotoxic properties. Prolonged nasal carriage after aP vaccination is due to IL-4 signaling, as prolonged nasal carriage is abolished in IL-4Rα-/- mice. The effect of maternal aP vaccination can be transferred transplacentally to the offspring or via breastfeeding and is long-lasting, as it persists into adulthood. Maternal aP vaccination may, thus, augment the B. pertussis reservoir.
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Luczo JM, Hamidou Soumana I, Reagin KL, Dihle P, Ghedin E, Klonowski KD, Harvill ET, Tompkins SM. Bordetella bronchiseptica-Mediated Interference Prevents Influenza A Virus Replication in the Murine Nasal Cavity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0473522. [PMID: 36728413 PMCID: PMC10100957 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04735-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization resistance, also known as pathogen interference, describes the ability of a colonizing microbe to interfere with the ability of an incoming microbe to establish infection, and in the case of pathogenic organisms, cause disease in a susceptible host. Furthermore, colonization-associated dysbiosis of the commensal microbiota can alter host immunocompetence and infection outcomes. Here, we investigated the role of Bordetella bronchiseptica nasal colonization and associated disruption of the nasal microbiota on the ability of influenza A virus to establish infection in the murine upper respiratory tract. Targeted sequencing of the microbial 16S rRNA gene revealed that B. bronchiseptica colonization of the nasal cavity efficiently displaced the resident commensal microbiota-the peak of this effect occurring 7 days postcolonization-and was associated with reduced influenza associated-morbidity and enhanced recovery from influenza-associated clinical disease. Anti-influenza A virus hemagglutinin-specific humoral immune responses were not affected by B. bronchiseptica colonization, although the cellular influenza PA-specific CD8+ immune responses were dampened. Notably, influenza A virus replication in the nasal cavity was negated in B. bronchiseptica-colonized mice. Collectively, this work demonstrates that B. bronchiseptica-mediated pathogen interference prevents influenza A virus replication in the murine nasal cavity. This may have direct implications for controlling influenza A virus replication in, and transmission events originating from, the upper respiratory tract. IMPORTANCE The interplay of microbial species in the upper respiratory tract is important for the ability of an incoming pathogen to establish and, in the case of pathogenic organisms, cause disease in a host. Here, we demonstrate that B. bronchiseptica efficiently colonizes and concurrently displaces the commensal nasal cavity microbiota, negating the ability of influenza A virus to establish infection. Furthermore, B. bronchiseptica colonization also reduced influenza-associated morbidity and enhanced recovery from influenza-associated disease. Collectively, this study indicates that B. bronchiseptica-mediated interference prevents influenza A virus replication in the upper respiratory tract. This result demonstrates the potential for respiratory pathogen-mediated interference to control replication and transmission dynamics of a clinically important respiratory pathogen like influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina M. Luczo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Katie L. Reagin
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Preston Dihle
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen M. Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, Georgia, USA
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Blackwood CB, Mateu-Borrás M, Sen-Kilic E, Pyles GM, Miller SJ, Weaver KL, Witt WT, Huckaby AB, Kang J, Chandler CE, Ernst RK, Heath Damron F, Barbier M. Bordetella pertussis whole cell immunization protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:143. [PMID: 36357402 PMCID: PMC9649022 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole cell vaccines are complex mixtures of antigens, immunogens, and sometimes adjuvants that can trigger potent and protective immune responses. In some instances, such as whole cell Bordetella pertussis vaccination, the immune response to vaccination extends beyond the pathogen the vaccine was intended for and contributes to protection against other clinically significant pathogens. In this study, we describe how B. pertussis whole cell vaccination protects mice against acute pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using ELISA and western blot, we identified that B. pertussis whole cell vaccination induces production of antibodies that bind to lab-adapted and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, regardless of immunization route or adjuvant used. The cross-reactive antigens were identified using immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and subsequent immunoblotting. We determined that B. pertussis GroEL and OmpA present in the B. pertussis whole cell vaccine led to production of antibodies against P. aeruginosa GroEL and OprF, respectively. Finally, we showed that recombinant B. pertussis OmpA was sufficient to induce protection against P. aeruginosa acute murine pneumonia. This study highlights the potential for use of B. pertussis OmpA as a vaccine antigen for prevention of P. aeruginosa infection, and the potential of broadly protective antigens for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B. Blackwood
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Margalida Mateu-Borrás
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Gage M. Pyles
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Sarah Jo Miller
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Kelly L. Weaver
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - William T. Witt
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Annalisa B. Huckaby
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Jason Kang
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Courtney E. Chandler
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264University of Maryland, Baltimore Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, 650 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264University of Maryland, Baltimore Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, 650 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - F. Heath Damron
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
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Live attenuated pertussis vaccine for prevention and treatment of allergic airway inflammation in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:66. [PMID: 35739108 PMCID: PMC9226346 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines often have beneficial non-specific effects, protecting against heterologous infectious and non-infectious diseases. We have developed a live attenuated pertussis vaccine, named BPZE1, currently in advanced clinical development. Here, we examined the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of its pertactin-deficient derivative BPZE1P in a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI). BPZE1P was given nasally either before or after sensitization with HDM, followed by HDM challenge, or between two challenge episodes. Vaccination prior to sensitization reduced resistance in the airways, the numbers of infiltrating eosinophils and the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-33, in the lungs but had no effect on Th2 cytokine levels. BPZE1P also protected when delivered after sensitization or between two challenge episodes. However, in this case the levels of Th2 cytokines in the lung were decreased without significant effects on IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-33 production. The vaccine restored lung function and decreased eosinophil influx in the lungs of HDM-treated mice. BPZE1P has a better take than BPZE1 in hosts vaccinated with acellular pertussis vaccines. Therefore, it has interesting potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent against AAI, even in acellular pertussis-vaccinated populations.
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Fish EN, Benn CS, Klein SL. Introduction. Vaccine 2022; 40:1513-1515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Locht C. The Path to New Pediatric Vaccines against Pertussis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030228. [PMID: 33807962 PMCID: PMC7998139 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough, or pertussis, mostly caused by Bordetella pertussis, is a respiratory disease that affects all age groups, but severe and fatal pertussis occurs almost exclusively in young children. The widespread use of whole-cell and, more recently, of acellular vaccines has substantially reduced the disease incidence. However, it has not been eliminated in any part of the world and has made a worrisome rebound in several areas. Cocoon and maternal immunization have been implemented in several countries but have their intrinsic limitations. To effectively control pertussis, novel vaccines are needed that protect against disease and prevent B. pertussis infection and transmission, which is not the case for current vaccines. Several approaches are contemplated, including alternative administration routes, such as nasal immunization, improvement of acellular vaccines by adding more antigens and T-cell-promoting adjuvants, and the development of novel vaccines, such as outer membrane vesicles and live attenuated vaccines. Among them, only a live attenuated vaccine has so far been assessed for safety and immunogenicity in preclinical models other than mice and is in clinical development. Before any of these vaccines can be used in neonates, extensive safety and immunogenicity assessment in pre-clinical neonatal models and in carefully designed clinical trials is necessary. The aim of this review is to discuss the current pertussis problem, implemented strategies to resolve it, the value of animal models and novel vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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