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Crocchiolo R, Frassati C, Gallina AM, Pedini P, Maioli S, Veronese L, Pani A, Scaglione F, D'Amico F, Crucitti L, Sacchi N, Rossini S, Picard C. Strong humoral response after Covid-19 vaccination correlates with the common HLA allele A*03:01 and protection from breakthrough infection. HLA 2024; 103:e15421. [PMID: 38433722 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Few data exist on the role of genetic factors involving the HLA system on response to Covid-19 vaccines. Moving from suggestions of a previous study investigating the association of some HLA alleles with humoral response to BNT162b2, we here compared the HLA allele frequencies among weak (n = 111) and strong (n = 123) responders, defined as those healthcare workers with the lowest and the highest anti-Spike antibody levels after vaccination. Individuals with clinical history of Covid-19 or positive anti-nucleocapside antibodies were excluded. We found the common HLA-A*03:01 allele as an independent predictor of strong humoral response (OR = 12.46, 95% CI: 4.41-35.21, p < 0.0001), together with younger age of vaccines (p = 0.004). Correlation between antibody levels and protection from breakthrough infection has been observed, with a 2-year cumulative incidence of 42% and 63% among strong and weak responders, respectively (p = 0.03). Due to the high frequency of HLA-A*03:01 and the need for seasonal vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 mutants, our findings provide useful information about the inter-individual differences observed in humoral response after Covid-19 vaccine and might support further studies on the next seasonal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Crocchiolo
- Dipartimento dei Servizi, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Gallina
- Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry, E.O. Ospedali Galliera Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Veronese
- Dipartimento dei Servizi, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Pani
- Dipartimento dei Servizi, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Dipartimento dei Servizi, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico D'Amico
- Dipartimento dei Servizi, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Lara Crucitti
- Hematology Department, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Trapani, Castelvetrano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Sacchi
- Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry, E.O. Ospedali Galliera Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvano Rossini
- Dipartimento dei Servizi, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
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2
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Simone S, Pesce F, Fontò G, Pronzo V, Pontrelli P, Conserva F, Schirinzi A, Casanova A, Gallo P, Rossini M, Lucarelli G, Spilotros M, Rendina M, Stallone G, Di Serio F, Di Leo A, Tafuri S, Ditonno P, Gesualdo L. Kinetics of humoral immune response and severity of infection after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in a large cohort of kidney transplant recipients. J Nephrol 2023; 36:1663-1671. [PMID: 37458909 PMCID: PMC10393874 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In this study we aimed to evaluate: (i) the seroconversion rate after BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, (ii) factors associated with humoral response, (iii) clinical outcome of COVID-19 in kidney transplanted patients. METHODS We enrolled a cohort of 743 kidney transplant recipients followed up from March 2020 until April 2022. A subset of 336 patients, who received three-doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, was analyzed in terms of kinetics of humoral immune response and compared to a control group of 94 healthcare workers. Antibody response was tested before vaccination (T0), 15 and 90 days after the second dose (T1 and T2), on the day of the third dose (T3) and one month after the third dose (T4). RESULTS We observed that 66 out of 743 subjects had COVID-19 infection pre-vaccination: 65.2% had severe symptoms, 27.3% were hospitalized (9 deaths), none were asymptomatic. After three doses, 51 patients had COVID-19 infection, 60.8% were asymptomatic, 27.5% reported mild symptoms, 3.9% showed severe symptoms, 7.8% were hospitalized (2 deaths). In the subset of 336 vaccinated patients, an antibody level > 0.8 U/ml was detected at T1, that increased at T2 and T3, peaking at T4. Independent factors associated with a negative antibody titer at T4 were decreasing estimated glomerular filtration rate, time from transplantation, and antimetabolites (all p < 0.001) and age (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The kinetics of humoral response after three doses of vaccine in kidney transplant patients is characterized by a late but effective immune response against SARS-CoV-2, reducing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Fontò
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Virginia Pronzo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Conserva
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Casanova
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Rossini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Spilotros
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rendina
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Renal Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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3
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Hirotsu Y, Sugiura H, Takatori M, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Antibody Response to the BA.5 Bivalent Vaccine Shot: a Two-Year Follow-Up Study following Initial COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0131623. [PMID: 37191496 PMCID: PMC10269437 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01316-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have been conducted on the increase in spike antibody levels after vaccination, there is insufficient prospective and longitudinal information on the BA.5-adapted bivalent vaccine up to the fifth vaccination. In this study, we conducted a follow-up study of spike antibody levels and infection history in 46 health care workers who received up to 5 vaccinations. Monovalent vaccines were administered for the first to fourth vaccinations, and a bivalent vaccine was administered for the fifth vaccination. 11 serum samples were collected from each participant, and antibody levels were measured in a total of 506 serum samples. During the observation period, 43 of the 46 health care workers had no infection history, and 3 had a history of infection. Spike antibody levels peaked at 1 week after the second booster vaccination and gradually declined until the 27th week after the second vaccination. After 2 weeks following the fifth BA.5-adapted bivalent vaccine, the spike antibody levels significantly increased (median: 23,756 [IQR: 16,450 to 37,326]), compared to those measured before vaccination (median: 9,354 [IQR: 5,904 to 15,784]) (paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P = 5.7 × 10-14). These changes in antibody kinetics were observed regardless of age or sex. These results suggest that booster vaccination increased the spike antibody levels. Regular vaccination is effective in maintaining long-term antibody levels. IMPORTANCE A COVID-19 bivalent mRNA vaccine was developed and administered to health care workers. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induces a robust antibody response. However, little is known about the antibody response to vaccines in serially collected blood samples from the same individuals. Here, we provide two-year follow-up data on the humoral immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in health care workers who received up to five vaccinations, including the BA.5-adapted bivalent vaccine. The results suggest that regular vaccination is effective in maintaining long-term antibody levels and have implications for vaccine efficacy and booster dose strategies in health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugiura
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Mika Takatori
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
- Central Clinical Laboratory, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu, Japan
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Pavlidis G, Giannoulis V, Pirounaki M, Lampropoulos IC, Siafi E, Nitsa A, Pavlou E, Xanthaki A, Perlepe G, Fortis SP, Charalambous G, Kampolis CF, Pantazopoulos I. Evaluation of Antibody Kinetics Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Greek SARS-CoV-2 Infected and Naïve Healthcare Workers. J Pers Med 2023; 13:910. [PMID: 37373899 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antibody kinetics after vaccination against COVID-19 in healthcare workers of a Greek tertiary hospital. Eight hundred and three subjects were included, of whom 758 (94.4%) received the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), eight (1%) mRNA-1273 (Moderna), 14 (1.7%) ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and 23 (2.9%) Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen). Before the second dose, at 2, 6 and 9 months after the second dose and at 2 and 6 months after the third dose, anti-spike IgG were quantified by the chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay method. One hundred subjects were infected before vaccination (group A), 335 were infected after receiving at least one vaccine dose (group B), while 368 had never been infected (group C). Group A presented a greater number of hospitalizations and reinfections compared to group B (p < 0.05). By multivariate analysis, younger age was associated with an increased risk of reinfection (odds ratio: 0.956, p = 0.004). All subjects showed the highest antibody titers at 2 months after the second and third dose. Group A showed higher antibody titers pre-second dose, which remained elevated 6 months post-second dose compared to groups B and C (p < 0.05). Pre-vaccine infection leads to rapid development of high antibody titer and a slower decline. Vaccination is associated with fewer hospitalizations and fewer reinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pavlidis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Giannoulis
- Transfusion and Haemophilia Centre, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pirounaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis C Lampropoulos
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Eirini Siafi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alkippi Nitsa
- Microbiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymia Pavlou
- Transfusion and Haemophilia Centre, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Xanthaki
- Microbiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Garyfallia Perlepe
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios P Fortis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - George Charalambous
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos F Kampolis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pantazopoulos
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Kosiorek P, Stróż S, Hryniewicz A, Kazberuk DE, Milewski R, Bartoszewicz K, Borkowska MJ, Stasiak‐Barmuta A. A new set‐up of vanishing antibodies: A biennial follow‐up of five different clients' humoral responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 after systemic vaccination in an oncology hospital in Poland. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1172. [PMID: 37008810 PMCID: PMC10064024 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kosiorek
- Department of EmergencyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie Bialystok Oncology CentreBiałystokPoland
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Samuel Stróż
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Anna Hryniewicz
- Department of RehabilitationMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Dorota E. Kazberuk
- Department of RadiotherapyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie Bialystok Oncology CentreBiałystokPoland
| | - Robert Milewski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical InformaticsMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | | | - Magdalena J. Borkowska
- Department of RadiotherapyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie Bialystok Oncology CentreBiałystokPoland
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6
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Wand O, Breslavsky A, Bar-Shai A, Levy C, Maayan S, Rimler A, Zwahra M, Cohen-Hagai K, Harish A, Zacks N, Bilenko N. One-year dynamics of antibody titers after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine. Vaccine 2023; 41:871-874. [PMID: 36566162 PMCID: PMC9767891 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A third dose of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine leads to a significant increase in antibody levels, however, concerns regarding the long-term persistence of this response exist. We assessed the humoral response for one year following vaccination. METHODS A prospective study among immunocompetent healthcare workers (HCW) who received three doses of BNT162b2. anti-spike antibody titers were measured at six predefined timepoints, from before the second vaccine dose, and up to one year afterwards, which is 4-6 months after the third dose. HCW with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were excluded. RESULTS Seventy-six HCW had all the six serological measurements. Antibody titers significantly increased shortly following the third vaccine dose, and while declining, remained higher from all previous measurements for up to six months. CONCLUSIONS A third dose of BNT162b2 leads to a profound humoral response, which remains significantly higher than previous measurements, even after 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Wand
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Corresponding author at: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Barzilai Medical Center, Hahistadrut St. 2, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Anna Breslavsky
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amir Bar-Shai
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chezy Levy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Administration Department, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Shlomo Maayan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Department of Infectious Diseases, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Avi Rimler
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Moatasem Zwahra
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | | | - Alma Harish
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Nadav Zacks
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Natalya Bilenko
- School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Medical Office of Southern District, Ministry of Health, Ashkelon, Israel
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7
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Müller L, Andrée M, Moskorz W, Drexler I, Hauka S, Ptok J, Walotka L, Grothmann R, Hillebrandt J, Ritchie A, Peter L, Walker A, Timm J, Adams O, Schaal H. Adjusted COVID-19 booster schedules balance age-dependent differences in antibody titers benefitting risk populations. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1027885. [PMID: 36313184 PMCID: PMC9596780 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1027885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We provide follow-up data on the humoral immune response after COVID-19 vaccinations of two distinct cohorts aged below 60 and over 80 years to screen for age-related differences in the longevity and magnitude of the induction of the antibody responses post booster-vaccinations. While anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG and neutralization capacity waned rapidly after the initial vaccination schedule, additional boosters highly benefitted the humoral immune responses especially in the elderly cohort, including the neutralization of Omikron variants. Thus, adjusted COVID-19 booster vaccination schedules are an appropriate tool to overcome limitations in the success of vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Lisa Müller,
| | - Marcel Andrée
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Moskorz
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauka
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Ptok
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Walotka
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ramona Grothmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonas Hillebrandt
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anastasia Ritchie
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Peter
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Walker
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Collatuzzo G, Visci G, Violante FS, Porru S, Spiteri G, Monaco MGL, Larese Fillon F, Negro C, Janke C, Castelletti N, De Palma G, Sansone E, Mates D, Teodorescu S, Fabiánová E, Bérešová J, Vimercati L, Tafuri S, Abedini M, Ditano G, Asafo SS, Boffetta P. Determinants of anti-S immune response at 6 months after COVID-19 vaccination in a multicentric European cohort of healthcare workers – ORCHESTRA project. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986085. [PMID: 36248889 PMCID: PMC9559243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe duration of immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is of major interest. Our aim was to analyze the determinants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer at 6 months after 2-dose vaccination in an international cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs).MethodsWe analyzed data on levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 6,327 vaccinated HCWs from 8 centers from Germany, Italy, Romania and Slovakia. Time between 1st dose and serology ranged 150-210 days. Serological levels were log-transformed to account for the skewness of the distribution and normalized by dividing them by center-specific standard errors, obtaining standardized values. We fitted center-specific multivariate regression models to estimate the cohort-specific relative risks (RR) of an increase of 1 standard deviation of log antibody level and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), and finally combined them in random-effects meta-analyses.ResultsA 6-month serological response was detected in 99.6% of HCWs. Female sex (RR 1.10, 95%CI 1.00-1.21), past infection (RR 2.26, 95%CI 1.73-2.95) and two vaccine doses (RR 1.50, 95%CI 1.22-1.84) predicted higher IgG titer, contrary to interval since last dose (RR for 10-day increase 0.94, 95%CI 0.91-0.97) and age (RR for 10-year increase 0.87, 95%CI 0.83-0.92). M-RNA-based vaccines (p<0.001) and heterologous vaccination (RR 2.46, 95%CI 1.87-3.24, one cohort) were associated with increased antibody levels.ConclusionsFemale gender, young age, past infection, two vaccine doses, and m-RNA and heterologous vaccination predicted higher antibody level at 6 months. These results corroborate previous findings and offer valuable data for comparison with trends observed with longer follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Visci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Corrado Negro
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Janke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sansone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Eleonóra Fabiánová
- Occupational Health Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Jana Bérešová
- Epidemiology Department, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mahsa Abedini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ditano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Shuffield S. Asafo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Paolo Boffetta,
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Oliveira-Silva J, Reis T, Lopes C, Batista-Silva R, Ribeiro R, Marques G, Pacheco V, Rodrigues T, Afonso A, Pinheiro V, Araújo L, Rodrigues F, Antunes I. Long-term serological SARS-CoV-2 IgG kinetics following mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: real-world data from a large cohort of healthcare workers. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:1-7. [PMID: 35568366 PMCID: PMC9093081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess kinetics and predictive variables of humoral immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration. METHODS We collected blood samples before (T0) and 15, 90, and 180 days after vaccination (T1, T2, and T3, respectively). The Quant SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin (IgG) II Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay was used to determine anti-spike IgG. RESULTS In almost 3000 healthcare-collected blood samples at the three time points, we found the following: at 15 days postvaccination, 97.6% of subjects presented a robust IgG anti-spike response (>4160 AU/ml); then, at three and six months, it decreased in median 6.5-fold to 35.0% and 3.0-fold to 3.3%, respectively. A linear mixed-effects model supported that female gender, younger age groups, and being seropositive prevaccination maintained higher antibody titers. Curves became tighter with time progression, although titers from seropositive subjects decrease at a slower rate than seronegative ones. CONCLUSION These findings strengthen the case for a steep decrease of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies up to six months, suggesting that serological evaluation might guide the need for periodic booster vaccinations in specific groups prone to lower antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Oliveira-Silva
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal,Correspondence to: Joana Oliveira-Silva, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Edifício São Jerónimo - Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional, 3004-561, Coimbra, Portugal; Phone: +351 968 538 473
| | - Teresa Reis
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Lopes
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Batista-Silva
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Portugal,i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal,Hospital de São Martinho, Valongo, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Marques
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vania Pacheco
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Afonso
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vítor Pinheiro
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucília Araújo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Antunes
- Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, Portugal
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Fernández-Rivas G, Barallat J, Quirant-Sánchez B, González V, Doladé M, Martinez-Caceres E, Piña M, Matllo J, Blanco I, Cardona PJ. Follow up of the Humoral Response in Healthcare Workers after the Administration of Two Dose of the Anti SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines-Effectiveness in Delta Variant Breakthrough Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:1385. [PMID: 35891366 PMCID: PMC9315723 DOI: 10.3390/v14071385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) allowed the management of the pandemic in a manner that differed from that in the first waves. It has been demonstrated that the mRNA vaccines elicit good humoral responses but that there are still breakthrough infections. In summer 2021, a fifth wave emerged, despite the good coverage of HCWs in Spain. We aimed to study the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels as a marker to predict the possibility of Delta variant infections after vaccination after a seroepidemiological campaign. Of the 5000 participants, a total of 4902 (98.04%) showed a positive result in the serological anti-S test and only 98 (1.96%) were negative. Among the 4368 fully vaccinated participants, only in five cases was the serology negative. Of the total number of participants that received antibody results during the study, 162 were PCR positive in the subsequent two months. Among these, 151 were fully vaccinated (two doses). Significant differences between antibody BAU/mL levels were found between PCR positive and non-PCR positive participants (p < 0.01). The median of BAU/mL was higher in those vaccinated patients with no infection (1260 BAU/mL; 465−2080) versus infected patients (661 BAU/mL; 361−2080). These data support the idea that vaccines play an important role in the control of the pandemic, especially among HCWs at the time of the Delta variant circulation. More studies with other variants of concern must be performed in order to establish a correlation between the levels of IgG and the new infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Fernández-Rivas
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.G.); (P.-J.C.)
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Jaume Barallat
- Biochemistry Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Bibiana Quirant-Sánchez
- Immunology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (B.Q.-S.); (E.M.-C.)
| | - Victoria González
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.G.); (P.-J.C.)
- Center for Epidemiological Studies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Doladé
- Biochemistry Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Eva Martinez-Caceres
- Immunology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (B.Q.-S.); (E.M.-C.)
| | - Monica Piña
- Department of Prevention and Risks, Primary Care Management, Northern Metropolitan Territorial Management, Catalan Health Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Joan Matllo
- Department of Prevention and Risks, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Northern Metropolitan Territorial Management, Catalan Health Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Metropolitana Nord Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory North Metropolitan Area, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (V.G.); (P.-J.C.)
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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11
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Complete (Humoral and Cellular) Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in a Group of Healthcare Workers-Assessment of Factors Affecting Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050710. [PMID: 35632467 PMCID: PMC9146884 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the best way to limit the extent of the COVID pandemic. Knowledge of the duration of the immune response will allow the planning of a vaccination protocol. This study aims to validate the complete (humoral and cellular) immune responses over time in large population groups following the full vaccination of healthcare professionals in real-life conditions and to assess the relationship between antibody levels and T-cell activity in relation to the characteristics of the study group. The samples for the study were obtained from volunteers (staff of two hospitals) on three occasions: before vaccination, T0, then 4–9 weeks after full vaccination (two doses BNT162b2), T1, and 7–9 months after vaccination, T2. The humoral response was investigated by the titre of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies to S1 protein. Assays were performed three times at intervals. The cellular response was assessed in a subgroup of 189 subjects by QuanT-Cell SARS-CoV-2 (IGRA). The assay was performed once. A group of 344 subjects fully vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine were included in the study. The humoral response was observed in 100% of subjects at both 4–7 weeks and 7–9 months, but antibody titres fell by almost 90% in this interval. The cellular response was observed in 94% (177/189) of subjects 7–9 months after the second dose of vaccine. In subjects with a negative cellular response, eight out of 12 smoked. A factor associated with greater immunogenicity of vaccination was past SARS-CoV-2 infection. The administration of full BNT162b2 vaccination (two doses) induces humoral and cellular responses detectable even more than six months after vaccination. Smoking may be a factor associated with impaired cellular response to vaccination.
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12
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Ganczak M, Korzeń M, Sobieraj E, Goławski J, Pasek O, Biesiada D. COVID-19 Vaccination within the Context of Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 Vaccine Administered to Teachers in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3111. [PMID: 35270806 PMCID: PMC8910564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In February 2021, Polish teachers were offered the ChAdOx1-S vaccine as a priority group. However, there have been concerns among educators regarding the efficacy of this vaccine, as compared to the other types of vaccines (e.g., mRNA). The objective of this study was to investigate the reactogenicity and the immunogenicity of this vaccine. Participants, specifically teachers, were invited for serological testing ≥ 4 weeks post-vaccination. Antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) were measured. Of the 192 participants, the mean age was 50.5 ± 8.3 years and the mean (range) dosing interval was 69.6 ± (25−111) days. Adverse reactions included feeling feverish (44.8%), headache (41.7%), malaise/chills (38.0%), and injection-site tenderness (37.5%); these were reported more frequently after the first dose (84.9%). Fewer males than females (54.8% vs. 80.1%) and fewer older participants (65.7% vs. 90.4%) reported side effects (p < 0.002; p < 0.0001, respectively). All participants presented detectable anti-RBD IgG; the median (range) reading was 525.0 BAU/mL (20.6−5680.0); 1008.02 BAU/mL (115.3−5680.0) in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection; and 381.42 BAU/mL (20.6−3108.8) in those without (p = 0.001). In 27.6%, the anti-RBD IgG level was >500 BAU/mL. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that previous infection and longer dose intervals were predictors of higher immunologic responses (p < 0.0001; p = 0.01, respectively). The results demonstrated good tolerability and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine. Our study justified the longer dose interval to enhance a higher antibody response. Our findings may also support the prioritization of uninfected individuals in regions where COVID-19 vaccine-sparing strategies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ganczak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Marcin Korzeń
- Department of Methods of Artificial Intelligence and Applied Mathematics, West Pomeranian Institute of Technology, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Sobieraj
- Student Research Group, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (E.S.); (J.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Jakub Goławski
- Student Research Group, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (E.S.); (J.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Oskar Pasek
- Student Research Group, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (E.S.); (J.G.); (O.P.)
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13
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Gutiérrez-Bautista JF, Sampedro A, Gómez-Vicente E, Rodríguez-Granger J, Reguera JA, Cobo F, Ruiz-Cabello F, López-Nevot MÁ. HLA Class II Polymorphism and Humoral Immunity Induced by the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030402. [PMID: 35335034 PMCID: PMC8949280 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The vaccines designed against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus are based on the spike (S) protein. Processing of the S protein by antigen-presenting cells (APC) and its subsequent presentation to T cells is an essential part of the development of a humoral response. HLA-class II alleles are considered immune response genes because their codified molecules, expressed on the surface of APCs (macrophages, dendritic, and B cells) present antigenic peptides to T cell via their T cell receptor (TCR). The HLA-class II genes are highly polymorphic, regulating what specific peptides induce follicular helper T cells (TFH) and promote B lymphocyte differentiation into plasma or memory B cells. This work hypothesizes that the presence of certain HLA-class II alleles could be associated with the intensity of the humoral response (amount, length) to the SARS-CoV2 mRNA 1273 vaccine. We have studied the relationship between the HLA-class II typing of 87 health workers and the level of antibodies produced 30 days after vaccination. We show a possible association between the HLA-DRB1* 07:01 allele and the HLA-DRB1*07:01~DQA1*02:01~DQB1*02:02 haplotype to a higher production of antibodies 30 days after the administration of the second dose of mRNA-1273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Gutiérrez-Bautista
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.R.-C.); (M.Á.L.-N.)
- Programa de doctorado en Biomedicina, University of Granada, 18016 Granda, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-629-90-80-60
| | - Antonio Sampedro
- Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (A.S.); (E.G.-V.); (J.R.-G.); (J.A.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Esther Gómez-Vicente
- Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (A.S.); (E.G.-V.); (J.R.-G.); (J.A.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Granger
- Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (A.S.); (E.G.-V.); (J.R.-G.); (J.A.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Juan Antonio Reguera
- Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (A.S.); (E.G.-V.); (J.R.-G.); (J.A.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Fernando Cobo
- Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (A.S.); (E.G.-V.); (J.R.-G.); (J.A.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.R.-C.); (M.Á.L.-N.)
- Departamento Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel López-Nevot
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.R.-C.); (M.Á.L.-N.)
- Departamento Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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14
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A single dose of COVID-19 vaccine induces a strong T cell and B cell response in healthcare professionals recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Exp Med 2022; 23:529-537. [PMID: 35190936 PMCID: PMC8860269 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A broad understanding on how SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination mobilize the immune system is necessary to find the best predictors of long-term protection and identify individuals that would benefit from additional vaccine doses. This study aims to understand the effect of a single dose of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, in individuals recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, on circulating CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh)-cells, Spike-specific T-cells and IgG/IgA antibodies. For that, peripheral blood samples from 50 healthcare professionals, recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, collected immediately before (T1) and 15 days after (T2) vaccine administration, were used to analyze the frequency and numbers of Tfh-cells and their subsets, serum titers of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells. Six months after infection (T1), 96% of recovered participants presented either IgG or T-cells specific for Spike, however, Spike-specific T-cells were missing in 16% of them. These individuals presented lower levels of Spike-specific IgG (T1 and T2), IgA (T1), and Spike-specific T-cells (T2). Vaccination increased the percentage of participants reactive for Spike-specific T-cells (from 64 to 98%), IgG (from 90 to 100%) and IgA (from 48 to 98%). It also mobilized circulating Tfh-cells, increasing their frequency and activation, and promoting Tfh17 polarization, restoring the decreased numbers of Tfh-cells (especially Tfh17) observed in recovered participants. Interestingly, Tfh percentage correlated with Spike-specific IgG levels. Our data showed that a single dose of vaccine efficiently restored Spike-specific T-cells, and IgG and IgA antibodies. Mobilization of Tfh-cells, and their correlation with IgG levels, suggest that vaccination induced a functional Tfh cell response.
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Larionova R, Byvaltsev K, Kravtsova О, Takha E, Petrov S, Kazarian G, Valeeva A, Shuralev E, Mukminov M, Renaudineau Y, Arleevskaya M. SARS-Cov2 acute and post-active infection in the context of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100154. [PMID: 35434592 PMCID: PMC9005220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and immunological spectrum of acute and post-active COVID-19 syndrome overlaps with criteria used to characterize autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Indeed, following SARS-Cov2 infection, the innate immune response is altered with an initial delayed production of interferon type I (IFN-I), while the NF-kappa B and inflammasome pathways are activated. In lung and digestive tissues, an alternative and extrafollicular immune response against SARS-Cov2 takes place with, consequently, an altered humoral and memory T cell response leading to breakdown of tolerance with the emergence of autoantibodies. However, the risk of developing severe COVID-19 among SLE and RA patients did not exceed the general population except in those having pre-existing neutralizing autoantibodies against IFN-I. Treatment discontinuation rather than COVID-19 infection or vaccination increases the risk of developing flares. Last but not least, a limited number of case reports of individuals having developed SLE or RA following COVID-19 infection/vaccination have been reported. Altogether, the SARS-Cov2 pandemic represents an unique opportunity to investigate the dangerous interplay between the immune response against infectious agents and autoimmunity, and to better understand the triggering role of infection as a risk factor in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease development.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- ACPA, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoAb
- ANA, antinuclear autoAb
- AutoAb, autoantibodies
- BAFF/BlySS, B-cell-activating factor/B lymphocyte stimulator
- CCL, chemokine ligand
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- DMARDs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
- E, envelope
- HEp-2, human epithelioma cell line 2
- IFN-I, interferon type I
- IFNAR, IFN-alpha receptors
- IL, interleukin
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- ISGs, IFN-stimulated genes
- ITP, immune-thrombocytopenic purpura
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Jak, Janus kinase
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- M, membrane
- MDA-5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein
- MERS-Cov, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
- N, nucleocapsid
- NET, nuclear extracellular traps
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NK, natural killer
- NLRP3, NOD-like receptor family
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Risk factors
- SARS-Cov2
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- T cell receptor, TLR
- Toll-like receptor, TMPRSS2
- aPL, antiphospholipid
- mAb, monoclonal Ab
- open reading frame, PACS
- pathogen-associated molecular patterns, pDC
- pattern recognition receptors, RA
- peptidylarginine deiminase 4, PAMPs
- plasmacytoid dendritic cells, PMN
- polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PRRs
- post-active COVID-19 syndrome, PAD-4
- primary Sjögren's syndrome, SLE
- pyrin domain containing 3, ORF
- reactive oxygen species, rt-PCR
- receptor binding domain, RF
- regulatory T cells, VDJ
- retinoic acid-inducible gene I, ROS
- reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, S
- rheumatoid arthritis, RBD
- rheumatoid factor, RIG-I
- severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2, SjS
- signal transducer and activator of transcription, TCR
- single-stranded ribonucleic acid, STAT
- spike, SAD
- systemic autoimmune disease, SARS-Cov2
- systemic lupus erythematosus, SSc
- systemic sclerosis, ssRNA
- transmembrane serine protease 2, TNF
- tumor necrosis factor, Treg
- variable, diversity and joining Ig genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Larionova
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - K Byvaltsev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Оlga Kravtsova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Takha
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergei Petrov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gevorg Kazarian
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Valeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eduard Shuralev
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named After N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Malik Mukminov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, CHU Purpan Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Arleevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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