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Huneycutt BJ, Acha V. The ASAP Framework: A New Tool for Regulatory Agencies to Facilitate Adoption of Pandemic Approaches. Health Secur 2024; 22:249-262. [PMID: 38624265 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Huneycutt
- Brenda J. Huneycutt, PhD, JD, MPH, is Director, Global Regulatory Policy and Intelligence, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
| | - Virginia Acha
- Virginia Acha, DPhil, MPhil, is Associate Vice President, Global Regulatory Policy and Intelligence, MSD (UK) Limited, London, UK
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2
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Sarley D, Hwang A, Fenton Hall B, Ford A, Giersing B, Kaslow DC, Wahl B, Friede M. Accelerating access for all through research and innovation in immunization: Recommendations from Strategic Priority 7 of the Immunization Agenda 2030. Vaccine 2024; 42 Suppl 1:S82-S90. [PMID: 36529593 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research and innovation have been fundamental to many of the successes in immunization thus far, and will play important roles in the future success of Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Strategic Priority 7 (SP7) of IA2030, which addresses research and innovation, is explicitly informed by country needs and priorities, and aims to strengthen the innovation ecosystem through capacity building and collaboration at country, regional, and global levels. SP7 identifies four key focus areas: (1) "needs-based innovation", (2) "new and improved products, services, and practices", (3) "evidence for implementation", and (4) "local capacity". Strategic interventions in these key focus areas apply the lessons of the Global Vaccine Action Plan and the "Decade of Vaccines" to emphasize local innovation, promote the use of research by countries to improve program performance and impact, and encourage capacity building for the development and implementation of innovations. The proposed approach will maintain a focus on the development of new vaccines and the improvement of existing vaccines, and increase attention to innovation in service delivery. Monitoring and evaluation will foster evidence-based priority setting at the country level and help to ground the global research and development (R&D) agenda in the needs of communities. Together, these approaches are intended to harness the power of research and innovation more effectively, to meet the challenges of the future and achieve the ambitious goals of IA2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sarley
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - B Fenton Hall
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Ford
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Wahl
- International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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3
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Castellanos MM, Gressard H, Li X, Magagnoli C, Moriconi A, Stranges D, Strodiot L, Tello Soto M, Zwierzyna M, Campa C. CMC Strategies and Advanced Technologies for Vaccine Development to Boost Acceleration and Pandemic Preparedness. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1153. [PMID: 37514969 PMCID: PMC10386492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review reports on an overview of key enablers of acceleration/pandemic and preparedness, covering CMC strategies as well as technical innovations in vaccine development. Considerations are shared on implementation hurdles and opportunities to drive sustained acceleration for vaccine development and considers learnings from the COVID pandemic and direct experience in addressing unmet medical needs. These reflections focus on (i) the importance of a cross-disciplinary framework of technical expectations ranging from target antigen identification to launch and life-cycle management; (ii) the use of prior platform knowledge across similar or products/vaccine types; (iii) the implementation of innovation and digital tools for fast development and innovative control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monica Castellanos
- Drug Product Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Hervé Gressard
- Project & Digital Sciences, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Xiangming Li
- Drug Substance Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Claudia Magagnoli
- Analytical Research & Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Moriconi
- Drug Product Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Stranges
- Drug Product Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laurent Strodiot
- Drug Product Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Monica Tello Soto
- Drug Substance Development, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Zwierzyna
- Project & Digital Sciences, Vaccines Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Campa
- Vaccines Global Technical R&D, GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Excler JL, Saville M, Privor-Dumm L, Gilbert S, Hotez PJ, Thompson D, Abdool-Karim S, Kim JH. Factors, enablers and challenges for COVID-19 vaccine development. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e011879. [PMID: 37277195 PMCID: PMC10255030 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a sense of vulnerability and urgency that led to concerted actions by governments, funders, regulators and industry to overcome traditional challenges for the development of vaccine candidates and to reach authorisation. Unprecedented financial investments, massive demand, accelerated clinical development and regulatory reviews were among the key factors that contributed to accelerating the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines. The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines benefited of previous scientific innovations such as mRNA and recombinant vectors and proteins. This has created a new era of vaccinology, with powerful platform technologies and a new model for vaccine development. These lessons learnt highlight the need of strong leadership, to bring together governments, global health organisations, manufacturers, scientists, private sector, civil society and philanthropy, to generate innovative, fair and equitable access mechanisms to COVID-19 vaccines for populations worldwide and to build a more efficient and effective vaccine ecosystem to prepare for other pandemics that may emerge. With a longer-term view, new vaccines must be developed with incentives to build expertise for manufacturing that can be leveraged for low/middle-income countries and other markets to ensure equity in innovation, access and delivery. The creation of vaccine manufacturing hubs with appropriate and sustained training, in particular in Africa, is certainly the way of the future to a new public health era to safeguard the health and economic security of the continent and guarantee vaccine security and access, with however the need for such capacity to be sustained in the interpandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Excler
- Director General's Office, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Melanie Saville
- Vaccine Development, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, London, UK
| | - Lois Privor-Dumm
- International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Didi Thompson
- World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salim Abdool-Karim
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jerome H Kim
- Director General's Office, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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Milne C, Wagner R, Cano F, Bruysters M, Waeterloos G, Pullirsch D, Wierer M, Mallet L. Independent control of COVID-19 vaccines by EU Official Control Authority Batch Release: challenges, strengths and successes. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:22. [PMID: 36823287 PMCID: PMC9950138 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been a key tool in stemming the tide of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid development of effective vaccines against COVID-19, together with their regulatory approval and wide scale distribution has been achieved in an impressively short period thanks to the intense efforts of many. In parallel to vaccine development, the EU considered it important to prepare for the independent control of the COVID-19 vaccines, including testing, to help ensure that only vaccines that comply with the approved quality requirements reach the public and to help improve/increase public confidence in the vaccines. The existing EU Official Control Authority Batch Release (OCABR) system, co-ordinated by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM), was able to effectively respond to the need, through rapid co-ordination, work-sharing, advance planning and early interaction with manufacturers, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI) and regulatory authorities. The Official Medicines Control Laboratories (OMCLs) involved in the OCABR activity, using the strength of the established system in the OCABR network and adaptations to the crisis conditions, were ready to release the first COVID-19 vaccine batches, after protocol review and testing, at the time of the conditional marketing authorisation for each of the COVID-19 vaccines, with no delay for batches reaching the public. Thanks to the dedication of resources by the EU and national authorities as well as by the EDQM, this was done without impacting the release of the other vaccines and human blood and plasma derived medicinal products, essential for public health. Transparency and communication of practices were important factors to support reliance on the OCABR outcome in non-EU countries, with the goal to improve access to vaccines in Europe and beyond. An overview of the process, legal background, challenges and successes of OCABR for COVID-19 vaccines as well as a look at the international perspective and lessons learned is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Milne
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare, Department of Biological Standardisation, OMCL Network and HealthCare, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - François Cano
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Product Safety (ANSM), Laboratory Controls Division, Lyon, France
| | - Martijn Bruysters
- Dutch National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Centre for Health Protection (GZB), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Geneviève Waeterloos
- Sciensano, Scientific Directorate Biological Health Risks, Service quality of vaccines and blood products, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dieter Pullirsch
- Austrian Federal Office for Safety in Health Care, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wierer
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare, Department of Biological Standardisation, OMCL Network and HealthCare, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Mallet
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare, Department of Biological Standardisation, OMCL Network and HealthCare, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France
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Popkin ME, Goese M, Wilkinson D, Finnie S, Flanagan T, Campa C, Clinch A, Teasdale A, Lennard A, Cook G, Mohan G, Osborne MD. Chemistry Manufacturing and Controls Development, Industry Reflections on Manufacture, and Supply of Pandemic Therapies and Vaccines. AAPS J 2022; 24:101. [PMID: 36168002 PMCID: PMC9514697 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This publication provides some industry reflections on experiences from the Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) development and manufacture and supply of vaccines and therapies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It integrates these experiences with the outcomes from the collaborative work between industry and regulators in recent years on innovative science- and risk-based CMC strategies to the development of new, high-quality products for unmet medical needs. The challenges for rapid development are discussed and various approaches to facilitate accelerated development and global supply are collated for consideration. Relevant regulatory aspects are reviewed, including the role of Emergency Use/Conditional Marketing Authorizations, the dialogue between sponsors and agencies to facilitate early decision-making and alignment, and the value of improving reliance/collaborative assessment and increased collaboration between regulatory authorities to reduce differences in global regulatory requirements. Five areas are highlighted for particular consideration in the implementation of strategies for the quality-related aspects of accelerated development and supply: (1) the substantial need to advance reliance or collaborative assessment; (2) the need for early decision making and streamlined engagement between industry and regulatory authorities on CMC matters; (3) the need to further facilitate 'post-approval' changes; (4) fully exploiting prior and platform knowledge; and (5) review and potential revision of legal frameworks. The recommendations in this publication are intended to contribute to the discussion on approaches that can result in earlier and greater access to high-quality pandemic vaccines and therapies for patients worldwide but could also be useful in general for innovative medicines addressing unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Popkin
- grid.418236.a0000 0001 2162 0389GSK, David Jack Centre for R&D, Park Road, Ware, SG12 0DP UK
| | - Markus Goese
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diane Wilkinson
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381AstraZeneca, Derwent Building, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA UK
| | - Stuart Finnie
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA UK
| | - Talia Flanagan
- grid.421932.f0000 0004 0605 7243UCB Pharma SA, 1420 Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Alexandra Clinch
- grid.418727.f0000 0004 5903 3819UCB Pharma, 208 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE Berkshire UK
| | - Andrew Teasdale
- grid.417815.e0000 0004 5929 4381AstraZeneca, Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA UK
| | - Andrew Lennard
- grid.476413.3Amgen, 4, Uxbridge Business Park, Sanderson Road, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH UK
| | - Graham Cook
- grid.418566.80000 0000 9348 0090Pfizer Ltd., Walton Oaks, Dorking Road, Tadworth, KT20 7NS Surrey UK
| | - Ganapathy Mohan
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486 USA
| | - Matthew D. Osborne
- grid.473059.cEli Lilly Kinsale Ltd, Dunderrow, Kinsale, P17 NY71 Co. Cork Ireland
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Teerawattananon Y, Botwright S, Ozturk MH. Planning for future COVID-19 vaccine procurement. Bull World Health Organ 2022; 100:526-526A. [PMID: 36062243 PMCID: PMC9421551 DOI: 10.2471/blt.22.288729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yot Teerawattananon
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, 6th Floor, 6th Building, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Tiwanon Rd., Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Siobhan Botwright
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, 6th Floor, 6th Building, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Tiwanon Rd., Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Murat Hakan Ozturk
- Revolving Fund for Access to Vaccines, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington DC, United States of America
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Shivji R, Conocchia R, Korakianiti E, Jekerle V. Considerations for the chemistry, manufacturing and Controls (CMC) - quality package for COVID-19 vaccines- interim lessons learnt by the European medicines Agency (EMA). Vaccine 2022; 40:5539-5541. [PMID: 35779964 PMCID: PMC9226196 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved five pandemic COVID-19 vaccines (prior to April 2022) and many others are in the pipeline. The commentary describes how timely approval and rapid manufacturing capacity scale up could be achieved from our perspective. The commentary considers the need for: early, continuous engagement with the regulator for COVID-19 vaccines; understanding key Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (CMC) challenges in order to build a successful COVID-19 vaccine CMC dossier; investing in production and testing site readiness for COVID-19 vaccines; CMC Lifecycle and post-approval planning for COVID-19 vaccines as well as future directions including international regulatory cooperation. EMA’s experience of the CMC scientific considerations, which facilitated both timely approvals (as Conditional Marketing Authorisations) and rapid increase in production capacity and supply, is of interest to healthcare professionals, academia, pharmaceutical industry and global regulators to communicate the flexibility and agility applied to COVID-19 vaccines by the EU regulatory system and how these activities can be optimised while complying with the strict quality standards in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Shivji
- European Medicines Agency, Human Division, Domenico Scarlattilaan 6, 1083 HS Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Roberto Conocchia
- European Medicines Agency, Human Division, Domenico Scarlattilaan 6, 1083 HS Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Evdokia Korakianiti
- European Medicines Agency, Human Division, Domenico Scarlattilaan 6, 1083 HS Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Veronika Jekerle
- European Medicines Agency, Human Division, Domenico Scarlattilaan 6, 1083 HS Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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