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Greco G, Di Lorenzo R, Ricci L, Di Serio T, Vardaro E, Laneri S. Clinical Studies Using Topical Melatonin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5167. [PMID: 38791203 PMCID: PMC11121188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is ubiquitously present in all animals and plants, where it exerts a variety of physiological activities thanks to its antioxidant properties and its key role as the first messenger of extracellular signaling functions. Most of the clinical studies on melatonin refer to its widespread oral use as a dietary supplement to improve sleep. A far smaller number of articles describe the clinical applications of topical melatonin to treat or prevent skin disorders by exploiting its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This review focuses on the clinical studies in which melatonin was applied on the skin as a photoprotective, anti-aging, or hair growth-promoting agent. The methodologies and results of such studies are discussed to provide an overall picture of the state of the art in this intriguing field of research. The clinical studies in which melatonin was applied on the skin before exposure to radiation (UV, sunlight, and high-energy beams) were all characterized by an appropriate design (randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled) and strongly support its clinical efficacy in preventing or reducing skin damage such as dermatitis, erythema, and sunburn. Most of the studies examined in this review do not provide a clear demonstration of the efficacy of topical melatonin as a skin anti-aging or as a hair growth-promoting agent owing to limitations in their design and/or to the use of melatonin combined with extra active ingredients, except for one trial that suggests a possible beneficial role of melatonin in treating some forms of alopecia in women. Further research efforts are required to reach definitive conclusions concerning the actual benefits of topical melatonin to counteract skin aging and hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Laneri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.D.L.); (L.R.); (T.D.S.); (E.V.)
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Kaczor-Kamińska M, Kaszuba K, Bilska-Wilkosz A, Iciek M, Wróbel M, Kamiński K. Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as a Potential Source of Interference in Research Related to Sulfur Metabolism-A Preliminary Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:582. [PMID: 38790687 PMCID: PMC11117631 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an organosulfur compound, is widely used as the gold standard solvent in biological research. It is used in cell culture experiments and as a component of formulations in in vivo studies. Unfortunately, parameters related to sulfur metabolism are often not taken into account when using DMSO. Therefore, in this work we aim to show that the addition of DMSO to the culture medium (even in amounts commonly considered acceptable) alters some parameters of sulfur metabolism. For this study, we used three cell lines: a commercially available Caco-2 line (HTB-37, ATCC) and two lines created as part of our early studies (likewise previously described in the literature) to investigate the anomalies of sulfur metabolism in mucopolysaccharidosis. As the negative effects of DMSO on the cell membrane are well known, additional experiments with the partial loading of DMSO into polymerosomes (poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide), PEG-PLGA) were performed to eliminate these potentially disruptive effects. The results show that DMSO is a source of interference in studies related to sulfur metabolism and that there are not just simple effects that can be corrected in the final result by subtracting control values, since complex synergisms are also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kaczor-Kamińska
- Chair in Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.B.-W.); (M.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Kinga Kaszuba
- Chair in Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.B.-W.); (M.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna Bilska-Wilkosz
- Chair in Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.B.-W.); (M.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Iciek
- Chair in Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.B.-W.); (M.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Maria Wróbel
- Chair in Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.K.); (A.B.-W.); (M.I.); (M.W.)
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
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Castaneyra-Ruiz L, Ledbetter J, Lee S, Rangel A, Torres E, Romero B, Muhonen M. Intraventricular dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) induces hydrocephalus in a dose-dependent pattern. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27295. [PMID: 38486744 PMCID: PMC10937698 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a widely utilized solvent in the medical industry, has been associated with various adverse effects, even at low concentrations, including damage to mitochondrial integrity, altered membrane potentials, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Notably, therapeutic molecules for central nervous system treatments, such as embolic agents or some chemotherapy drugs that are dissolved in DMSO, have been associated with hydrocephalus as a secondary complication. Our study investigated the potential adverse effects of DMSO on the brain, specifically focusing on the development of hydrocephalus and the effect on astrocytes. Methods Varied concentrations of DMSO were intraventricularly injected into 3-day-old mice, and astrocyte cultures were exposed to similar concentrations of DMSO. After 14 days of injection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to quantify the brain ventricular volumes in mice. Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to delineate DMSO-dependent effects in the brain. Additionally, astrocyte cultures were utilized to assess astrocyte viability and the effects of cellular apoptosis. Results Our findings revealed a dose-dependent induction of ventriculomegaly in mice with 2%, 10%, and 100% DMSO injections (p < 0.001). The ciliated cells of the ventricles were also proportionally affected by DMSO concentration (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, cultured astrocytes exhibited increased apoptosis after DMSO exposure (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study establishes that intraventricular administration of DMSO induces hydrocephalus in a dose-dependent manner. This observation sheds light on a potential explanation for the occurrence of hydrocephalus as a secondary complication in intracranial treatments utilizing DMSO as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seunghyun Lee
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Anthony Rangel
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Evelyn Torres
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Bianca Romero
- Neurosurgery Department at CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Michael Muhonen
- Neurosurgery Department at CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
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Louati S, Wozny AS, Malesys C, Daguenet E, Ladjohounlou R, Alphonse G, Tomasetto C, Magné N, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Differential Formation of Stress Granules in Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:485-497. [PMID: 37619790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic aggregates in which mRNAs and specific proteins are trapped in response to a variety of damaging agents. They participate in the cellular defense mechanisms. Currently, their mechanism of formation in response to ionizing radiation and their role in tumor-cell radiosensitivity remain elusive. METHODS AND MATERIALS The kinetics of SG formation was investigated after the delivery of photon irradiation at different doses to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with different radiosensitivities and the HeLa cervical cancer cell line (used as reference). In parallel, the response to a canonical inducer of SGs, sodium arsenite, was also studied. Immunolabeling of SG-specific proteins and mRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization enabled SG detection and quantification. Furthermore, a ribopuromycylation assay was used to assess the cell translational status. To determine whether reactive oxygen species were involved in SG formation, their scavenging or production was induced by pharmacologic pretreatment in both SCC61 and SQ20B cells. RESULTS Photon irradiation at different doses led to the formation of cytoplasmic foci that were positive for different SG markers. The presence of SGs gradually increased from 30 minutes to 2 hours postexposure in HeLa, SCC61, and Cal60 radiosensitive cells. In turn, the SQ20B and FaDu radioresistant cells did not form SGs. These results indicated a correlation between sensitivity to photon irradiation and SG formation. Moreover, SG formation was significantly reduced by reactive oxygen species scavenging using dimethyl sulfoxide in SCC61 cells, which supported their role in SG formation. However, a reciprocal experiment in SQ20B cells that depleted glutathione using buthionine sulfoximide did not restore SG formation in these cells. CONCLUSIONS SGs are formed in response to irradiation in radiosensitive, but not in radioresistant, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Interestingly, compared with sodium arsenite-induced SGs, photon-induced SGs exhibited a different morphology and cellular localization. Moreover, photon-induced SGs were not associated with the inhibition of translation; rather, they depended on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Louati
- Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Medical School, UMR CNRS 5822/IP2I, Université de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Oullins, France; Department of Research and Teaching in Oncology, Hôpital Nord, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Wozny
- Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Medical School, UMR CNRS 5822/IP2I, Université de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Oullins, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Céline Malesys
- Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Medical School, UMR CNRS 5822/IP2I, Université de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Oullins, France
| | - Elisabeth Daguenet
- Department of Research and Teaching in Oncology, Hôpital Nord, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Riad Ladjohounlou
- Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Medical School, UMR CNRS 5822/IP2I, Université de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Oullins, France
| | - Gersende Alphonse
- Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Medical School, UMR CNRS 5822/IP2I, Université de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Oullins, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Catherine Tomasetto
- Institute of Genetic, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Medical School, UMR CNRS 5822/IP2I, Université de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Oullins, France; Radiotherapy Department, Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Medical School, UMR CNRS 5822/IP2I, Université de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Oullins, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.
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Ahmad MS, Hawaiz FE. Novel chalcone-based crown ethers: synthesis, characterization, antioxidant activity, biological evaluations, and wastewater remediation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2369-2379. [PMID: 38213971 PMCID: PMC10783163 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrocycles play a pivotal and indispensable role within the realms of both medicine and industry. In the course of our research endeavors, we have successfully synthesized five distinct macrocyclic chalcone entities, each showcasing remarkable biological and anti-oxidative properties. Furthermore, these compounds exhibit exceptional promise as potent agents for the removal of dyes in wastewater treatment processes. The synthesis of these key constituents was achieved through the judicious application of the Robinson ether synthesis and Claisen-Schmidt condensation reactions. The structures of compounds 1a-f and 2a-e were characterized by using analytical techniques such as FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT 13C NMR spectroscopy. These macrocycles also underwent in vitro assessments to measure their antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method. The results revealed that the macrocyclics were more sensitive to Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria. For example, compound 2d exhibited an inhibition zone of 20 mm at 150 ppm. The antioxidant activity as determined via the DPPH method established that all tested compounds showed moderate radical-scavenging ability. Specifically, compound 2e (at 1000 ppm) exhibited antioxidant activity of 79% inhibition of radicals, in comparison to 90% for the standard ascorbic acid. The latter was demonstrated by using methylene blue as an adsorbate under simulated wastewater conditions. Outstandingly, the most effective compounds were 2d and 2c, which achieved removal rates of 96.54% and 92.37%, respectively, for methylene blue dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Salam Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil Kurdistan Iraq
| | - Farouq Emam Hawaiz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil Kurdistan Iraq
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Lai R, Fang Q, Wu F, Pan S, Haque K, Sha SH. Prevention of noise-induced hearing loss by calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 is associated with upregulation of PI3K/Akt survival signaling pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1199656. [PMID: 37484825 PMCID: PMC10359991 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1199656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Noise-induced calcium overload in sensory hair cells has been well documented as an early step in the pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Alterations in cellular calcium homeostasis mediate a series of cellular events, including activation of calcium-dependent protein kinases and phosphatases. Using cell-membrane- and blood-brain-barrier-permeable calpain-1 (μ-calpain) and calpain-2 (m-calpain) inhibitor MDL-28170, we tested the involvement of calpains, a family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, and the potential of MDL-28170 in preventing NIHL. Methods CBA/J mice at the age of 12 weeks were exposed to broadband noise with a frequency spectrum from 2-20 kHz for 2 h at 101 dB sound pressure level to induce permanent hearing loss as measured by auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Morphological damage was assessed by quantification of remaining sensory hair cells and inner hair cell synapses 2 weeks after the exposure. Results MDL-28170 treatment by intraperitoneal injection significantly attenuated noise-induced functional deficits and cochlear pathologies. MDL-28170 treatment also prevented noise-induced cleavage of alpha-fodrin, a substrate for calpain-1. Furthermore, MDL-28170 treatment prevented reduction of PI3K/Akt signaling after exposure to noise and upregulated p85α and p-Akt (S473) in outer hair cells. Discussion These results indicate that noise-induced calpain activation negatively regulates PI3K/Akt downstream signaling, and that prevention of NIHL by treatment with MDL-28170 is associated with upregulation of PI3K/Akt survival signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosha Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Song Pan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Khujista Haque
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Su-Hua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Zakrocka I, Załuska W. The influence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on kynurenic acid production in rat kidney: a novel path for kidney protection? Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:376-385. [PMID: 36788192 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney diseases have become a global health problem, affecting about 15% of adults and being often under-recognized. Immunological system activation was shown to accelerate kidney damage even in inherited disorders. The kynurenine pathway is the main route of tryptophan degradation. A metabolite of kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), produced by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs), was reported to affect fluid and electrolyte balance as a result of natriuresis induction. The accumulation of KYNA was shown in patients with impaired kidney function and its level was related to the degree of kidney damage. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are well-known analgesics and most of them demonstrate an anti-inflammatory effect. Their main mechanism of action is prostaglandin synthesis blockade, which is also responsible for their nephrotoxic potential. Since the KYN pathway is known to remain under immunological system control, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of 9 COX inhibitors on KYNA production together with KATs' activity in rat kidneys in vitro. METHODS Experiments were carried out on kidney homogenates in the presence of L-KYN and the selected compound in 6 various concentrations. RESULTS Among the examined COX inhibitors only acetaminophen did not change KYNA production in rat kidneys in vitro. Additionally, acetaminophen did not affect the activity of KAT I and KAT II, whereas acetylsalicylic acid and ibuprofen inhibited only KAT II. The remaining COX inhibitors decreased the activity of both KATs in rat kidneys in vitro. CONCLUSION Our study provides novel mechanisms of COX inhibitors action in the kidney, with possible implications for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zakrocka
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Załuska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954, Lublin, Poland
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Kolyada MN, Osipova VP, Berberova NT. Use of cryoprotectors and antioxidants in sturgeon semen cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2023:S0011-2240(23)00022-6. [PMID: 36791902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the possibility of increasing the low cryoresistance of sturgeon sperm by using antioxidants in basic cryoprotective media has been studied. The goal of this work was to review the current literature on impact of the cryoprotectors, well-known antioxidants and new multifunctional compounds on the activity indicators and fertilizing capability of sperm, as well as on biomarkers of cryostress. A special attention is given to the radical scavenging activity of studied compounds in relation to the highly reactive oxygen species, to prevent and negate oxidative stress damage of sturgeon sperm. Also, new trends for future research through the application of novel polyfunctional antioxidants to sturgeon sperm cryopreservation were indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Kolyada
- Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 41 Chekhova str., 344006, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
| | - V P Osipova
- Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 41 Chekhova str., 344006, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
| | - N T Berberova
- Astrakhan State Technical University, 16 Tatisheva str., 414056, Astrakhan, Russia.
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Bellanti F, Mangieri D, di Bello G, Lo Buglio A, Pannone G, Pedicillo MC, Fersini A, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk A, Kasperczyk S, Vendemiale G. Redox-Dependent Modulation of Human Liver Progenitor Cell Line Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031934. [PMID: 36768260 PMCID: PMC9916526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is determinant in the modulation of quiescence/self-renewal/differentiation of stem cell lines. The aim of this study consisted of defining the impact of redox modifications on cell fate in a human hepatic progenitor line. To achieve this, the HepaRG cell line, which shows oval ductular bipotent characteristics, was used. The impact of redox status on the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of HepaRG cells was investigated using different methodological approaches. A bioinformatic analysis initially proved that the trans-differentiation of HepaRG toward bipotent progenitors is associated with changes in redox metabolism. We then exposed confluent HepaRG (intermediate differentiation phase) to oxidized (H2O2) or reduced (N-acetylcysteine) extracellular environments, observing that oxidation promotes the acquisition of a mature HepaRG phenotype, while a reduced culture medium stimulates de-differentiation. These results were finally confirmed through pharmacological modulation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), a principal modulator of the antioxidant response, in confluent HepaRG. NRF2 inhibition led to intracellular pro-oxidative status and HepaRG differentiation, while its activation was associated with low levels of reactive species and de-differentiation. In conclusion, this study shows that both intra- and extracellular redox balance are crucial in the determination of HepaRG fate. The impact of redox status in the differentiation potential of HepaRG cells is significant on the utilization of this cell line in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-733-840
| | - Domenica Mangieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgia di Bello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Aurelio Lo Buglio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Fersini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Katowice, Poland
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Crosstalk of TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-kB, STAT1 and redox signaling in lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine/dimethylsulfoxide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:370-381. [PMID: 37026046 PMCID: PMC10071328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The clinical study of fulminant hepatic failure is challenging due to its high mortality and relative rarity, necessitating reliance on pre-clinical models to gain insight into its pathophysiology and develop potential therapies. Methods and Results In our study, the combination of the commonly used solvent dimethyl sulfoxide to the current-day model of lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-caused fulminant hepatic failure was found to cause significantly greater hepatic damage, as indicated by alanine aminotransferase level. The effect was dose-dependent, with the maximum increase in alanine aminotransferase observed following 200 μl/kg dimethyl sulfoxide co-administration. Co-administration of 200 μl/kg dimethyl sulfoxide also remarkably increased histopathological changes induced by lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine. Importantly, alanine aminotransferase levels and survival rate in the 200 μl/kg dimethyl sulfoxide co-administration groups were both greater than those in the classical lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine model. We found that dimethyl sulfoxide co-administration aggravated lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-caused liver damage by stimulating inflammatory signaling, as indicated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels. Further, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and transcription factor activator 1 (STAT1) were upregulated, as was neutrophil recruitment, indicated by myeloperoxidase activity. Hepatocyte apoptosis was also increased, and greater nitro-oxidative stress was noted, as determined based on nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels. Conclusion Co-treatment with low doses of dimethyl sulfoxide enhanced the lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-caused hepatic failure in animals, with higher toxicity and greater survival rates. The current findings also highlight the potential danger of using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent in experiments involving the hepatic immune system, suggesting that the new lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine/dimethyl sulfoxide model described herein could be used for pharmacological screening with the goal to better understand hepatic failure and evaluate treatment approaches.
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11
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Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors bearing organotelluride moieties as novel agents for antitumor therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Non-growth inhibitory doses of dimethyl sulfoxide alter gene expression and epigenetic pattern of bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:299-312. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yolanda H, Lohnoo T, Rujirawat T, Yingyong W, Kumsang Y, Sae-Chew P, Payattikul P, Krajaejun T. Selection of an Appropriate In Vitro Susceptibility Test for Assessing Anti- Pythium insidiosum Activity of Potassium Iodide, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and Ethanol. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1116. [PMID: 36354883 PMCID: PMC9692648 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The orphan but highly virulent pathogen Pythium insidiosum causes pythiosis in humans and animals. Surgery is a primary treatment aiming to cure but trading off losing affected organs. Antimicrobial drugs show limited efficacy in treating pythiosis. Alternative drugs effective against the pathogen are needed. In-house drug susceptibility tests (i.e., broth dilution, disc diffusion, and radial growth assays) have been established, some of which adapted the standard protocols (i.e., CLSI M38-A2 and CLSI M51) designed for fungi. Hyphal plug, hyphal suspension, and zoospore are inocula commonly used in the drug susceptibility assessment for P. insidiosum. A side-by-side comparison demonstrated that each method had advantages and limitations. Minimum inhibitory and cidal concentrations of a drug varied depending on the selected method. Material availability, user experience, and organism and drug quantities determined which susceptibility assay should be used. We employed the hyphal plug and a combination of broth dilution and radial growth methods to screen and validate the anti-P. insidiosum activities of several previously reported chemicals, including potassium iodide, triamcinolone acetonide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethanol, in which data on their anti-P. insidiosum efficacy are limited. We tested each chemical against 29 genetically diverse isolates of P. insidiosum. These chemicals possessed direct antimicrobial effects on the growth of the pathogen in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting their potential application in pythiosis treatment. Future attempts should focus on standardizing these drug susceptibility methods, such as determining susceptibility/resistant breakpoints, so healthcare workers can confidently interpret a result and select an effective drug against P. insidiosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Yolanda
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | - Tassanee Lohnoo
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Rujirawat
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanta Yingyong
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yothin Kumsang
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattarana Sae-Chew
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Penpan Payattikul
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Theerapong Krajaejun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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14
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Bulama I, Nasiru S, Bello A, Abbas AY, Nasiru JI, Saidu Y, Chiroma MS, Mohd Moklas MA, Mat Taib CN, Waziri A, Suleman BL. Antioxidant-based neuroprotective effect of dimethylsulfoxide against induced traumatic brain injury in a rats model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:998179. [PMID: 36353489 PMCID: PMC9638698 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.998179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been the result of neurological deficit and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the antioxidative neuroprotective property and learning and memory-enhancing effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a rat model after the induction of TBI. 21 albino rats with 7 rats per group were used in this study. Group I was induced with TBI and treated with DMSO at 67.5 mg/kg orally once daily which started 30 min after the induction of TBI and lasted 21 days. Group II was induced with TBI but not treated while Group III was neither induced with TBI nor treated. Assessment of behavioral function (Learning and memory, anxiety and motor function), the level of an antioxidant enzymes and their gene expression (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), the biomarkers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) and S100B levels as well as brain tissues histological studies were conducted. Administration of DMSO to rats with induced TBI has improved learning and memory, locomotor function and decreased anxiety in Group I compared to Group II. Moreover, the level of S100B was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in Group I compared to Group II. Treatment with DMSO also decreased lipid peroxidation significantly (p < 0.05) compared to Group II. There exists a significant (p < 0.05) increase in CAT, SOD, and GPX activities in Group I compared to Group II. Therefore, DMSO has demonstrated a potential antioxidative neuroprotective effect through its ability to increase the level of antioxidant enzymes which they quench and inhibit the formation of ROS, thereby improving cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bulama
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suleiman Nasiru
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Bello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Abdullahi Yahaya Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Jinjiri Ismail Nasiru
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Saidu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Musa Samaila Chiroma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Che Norma Mat Taib
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ali Waziri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Bilbis Lawal Suleman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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15
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Eesiah S, Yu J, Dingha B, Amoah B, Mikiashvili N. Preliminary Assessment of Repellency and Toxicity of Essential Oils against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Stored Organic Corn Grains. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182907. [PMID: 36141033 PMCID: PMC9498902 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect infestation of cereal grains during post-harvest storage not only causes significant grain loss, but also reduces grain quality and makes grains more susceptible to mold infection. Synthetic pesticides are banned from being used in organic grain storage setting due to their high toxicity. The main insect damaging stored corn grains is maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The purpose of this study was to evaluate insect repellency and insecticidal potentials of some generally recognized as safe (GRAS) essential oils (EOs) (including cinnamon, clove, thyme, oregano, and orange terpene oils) at concentrations of 1–20% against the maize weevil using an olfactometer and a simulated fumigation method, respectively. The olfactory tests show that cinnamon oil had the highest repellency (90%) to the weevils among the EOs tested. The insecticidal activity study indicates that maize weevil mortality increased with EO concentration and storage time with cinnamon, clove, and thyme oils being more effective. No weevil death was observed at 1% EOs; weevil mortality was 3.3–36% at 5%, which varied with the type of EO and storage time. At 10% or higher concentrations, all tested EO showed comparable or higher insecticidal activity than pirimiphos methyl-positive control at its recommended concentration (5 mg/kg corn). No significant increase in weevil mortality was observed with further increase in EO concentration, with exceptions of oregano oil and thyme oil. The highest weevil mortality levels were observed at week 7 for 15% cinnamon oil (100%) and eugenol (100%), followed by 20% thyme oil (93%). The study indicates that some EOs have great potential to serve as synthetic insecticide alternatives to protect organic corn grains from maize weevil damage during storage. This is important to food security, safety and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawo Eesiah
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Jianmei Yu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice Dingha
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Barbara Amoah
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Nona Mikiashvili
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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16
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Egbujor MC, Buttari B, Profumo E, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Saso L. An Overview of NRF2-Activating Compounds Bearing α,β-Unsaturated Moiety and Their Antioxidant Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8466. [PMID: 35955599 PMCID: PMC9369284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The surge of scientific interest in the discovery of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (NFE2)-Related Factor 2 (NRF2)-activating molecules underscores the importance of NRF2 as a therapeutic target especially for oxidative stress. The chemical reactivity and biological activities of several bioactive compounds have been linked to the presence of α,β-unsaturated structural systems. The α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, sulfonyl and sulfinyl functional groups are reportedly the major α,β-unsaturated moieties involved in the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway. The carbonyl, sulfonyl and sulfinyl groups are generally electron-withdrawing groups, and the presence of the α,β-unsaturated structure qualifies them as suitable electrophiles for Michael addition reaction with nucleophilic thiols of cysteine residues within the proximal negative regulator of NRF2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). The physicochemical property such as good lipophilicity of these moieties is also an advantage because it ensures solubility and membrane permeability required for the activation of the cytosolic NRF2/KEAP1 system. This review provides an overview of the reaction mechanism of α,β-unsaturated moiety-bearing compounds with the NRF2/KEAP1 complex, their pharmacological properties, structural activity-relationship and their effect on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. As the first of its kind, this review article offers collective and comprehensive information on NRF2-activators containing α,β-unsaturated moiety with the aim of broadening their therapeutic prospects in a wide range of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melford Chuka Egbujor
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba 453115, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | | | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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17
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Egbujor MC, Petrosino M, Zuhra K, Saso L. The Role of Organosulfur Compounds as Nrf2 Activators and Their Antioxidant Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1255. [PMID: 35883746 PMCID: PMC9311638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling has become a key pathway for cellular regulation against oxidative stress and inflammation, and therefore an attractive therapeutic target. Several organosulfur compounds are reportedly activators of the Nrf2 pathway. Organosulfur compounds constitute an important class of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry due to their ability to participate in biosynthesis, metabolism, cellular functions, and protection of cells from oxidative damage. Sulfur has distinctive chemical properties such as a large number of oxidation states and versatility of reactions that promote fundamental biological reactions and redox biochemistry. The presence of sulfur is responsible for the peculiar features of organosulfur compounds which have been utilized against oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Nrf2 activation being a key therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress is closely tied to sulfur-based chemistry since the ability of compounds to react with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups is a common property of Nrf2 inducers. Although some individual organosulfur compounds have been reported as Nrf2 activators, there are no papers with a collective analysis of these Nrf2-activating organosulfur compounds which may help to broaden the knowledge of their therapeutic potentials and motivate further research. In line with this fact, for the first time, this review article provides collective and comprehensive information on Nrf2-activating organosulfur compounds and their therapeutic effects against oxidative stress, thereby enriching the chemical and pharmacological diversity of Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melford Chuka Egbujor
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba 453115, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Maria Petrosino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Karim Zuhra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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18
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ASK1 is a novel molecular target for preventing aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:797-813. [PMID: 35471608 PMCID: PMC9110505 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are lifesaving medicines, crucial for the treatment of chronic or drug resistant infections. However, aminoglycosides are toxic to the sensory hair cells in the inner ear. As a result, aminoglycoside-treated individuals can develop permanent hearing loss and vestibular impairment. There is considerable evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the subsequent phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38) drives apoptosis in aminoglycoside-treated hair cells. However, treatment strategies that directly inhibit ROS, JNK, or P38 are limited by the importance of these molecules for normal cellular function. Alternatively, the upstream regulator apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1/MAP3K5) is a key mediator of ROS-induced JNK and P38 activation under pathologic but not homeostatic conditions. We investigated ASK1 as a mediator of drug-induced hair cell death using cochlear explants from Ask1 knockout mice, demonstrating that Ask1 deficiency attenuates neomycin-induced hair cell death. We then evaluated pharmacological inhibition of ASK1 with GS-444217 as a potential otoprotective therapy. GS-444217 significantly attenuated hair cell death in neomycin-treated explants but did not impact aminoglycoside efficacy against P. aeruginosa in the broth dilution test. Overall, we provide significant pre-clinical evidence that ASK1 inhibition represents a novel strategy for preventing aminoglycoside ototoxicity. KEY MESSAGES: • ASK1 is an upstream, redox-sensitive regulator of P38 and JNK, which are known mediators of hair cell death. • Ask1 knockout does not affect hair cell development in vivo, but significantly reduces aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death in vitro. • A small-molecule inhibitor of ASK1 attenuates neomycin-induced hair cell death, and does not impact antibiotic efficacy in vitro. • ASK1 may be a novel molecular target for preventing aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.
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19
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Bordt EA, Zhang N, Waddell J, Polster BM. The Non-Specific Drp1 Inhibitor Mdivi-1 Has Modest Biochemical Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030450. [PMID: 35326100 PMCID: PMC8944504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1), a non-specific inhibitor of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, is neuroprotective in numerous preclinical disease models. These include rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic or traumatic brain injury. Among its Drp1-independent actions, the compound was found to suppress mitochondrial Complex I-dependent respiration but with less resultant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission compared with the classical Complex I inhibitor rotenone. We employed two different methods of quantifying Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) to test the prediction that mdivi-1 can directly scavenge free radicals. Mdivi-1 exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in the 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assay. Half-maximal ABTS radical depletion was observed at ~25 μM mdivi-1, equivalent to that achieved by ~12.5 μM Trolox. Mdivi-1 also showed antioxidant activity in the α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. However, mdivi-1 exhibited a reduced capacity to deplete the DPPH radical, which has a more sterically hindered radical site compared with ABTS, with 25 μM mdivi-1 displaying only 0.8 μM Trolox equivalency. Both assays indicate that mdivi-1 possesses biochemical antioxidant activity but with modest potency relative to the vitamin E analog Trolox. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether the ability of mdivi-1 to directly scavenge free radicals contributes to its mechanisms of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Bordt
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Lurie Center for Autism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Correspondence: (E.A.B.); (B.M.P.); Tel.: +01-617-643-4351 (E.A.B.); +01-410-706-3418 (B.M.P.)
| | - Naibo Zhang
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jaylyn Waddell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (E.A.B.); (B.M.P.); Tel.: +01-617-643-4351 (E.A.B.); +01-410-706-3418 (B.M.P.)
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20
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Stability and Formulation of Erlotinib in Skin Creams. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031070. [PMID: 35164335 PMCID: PMC8839675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the benefit of repurposing oral erlotinib (ERL) treatment in some rare skin diseases such as Olmsted syndrome. The use of a topical ERL skin treatment instead of the currently available ERL tablets may be appealing to treat skin disorders while reducing adverse systemic effects and exposure. A method to prepare 0.2% ERL cream, without resorting to a pure active pharmaceutical ingredient, was developed and the formulation was optimized to improve ERL stability over time. Erlotinib extraction from tablets was incomplete with Transcutol, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) allowed 100% erlotinib recovery. During preliminary studies, ERL was shown to be sensitive to oxidation and acidic pH in solution and when added to selected creams (i.e., Excipial, Nourivan Antiox, Pentravan, and Versatile). The results also showed that use of DMSO (5% v/w), neutral pH, as well as a topical agent containing antioxidant substances (Nourivan Antiox) were key factors to maintain the initial erlotinib concentration. The proposed ERL cream formulation at neutral pH contains a homogeneous amount of ERL and is stable for at least 42 days at room temperature in Nourivan cream with antioxidant properties.
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21
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Comparative Study of Bioactivity and Safety Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Fruit and Pericarp. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195919. [PMID: 34641463 PMCID: PMC8512002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit and pericarp of Zanthoxylum schinifolium (ZS) have been used in traditional medicine; however, few studies have characterized ZS fruit and pericarp. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the safety of ZS fruit (ZSF) and pericarp (ZSP) extracts and compared their bioactivity. To evaluate the safety of ZSF and ZSP, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress assays were performed and nontoxic concentration ranges were obtained. ZSP was found to be superior to ZSF in terms of its antimutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the S9 mix, the mutation inhibition rate of ZSP was close to 100% at concentrations exceeding 625 µg·plate−1 for both the TA98 and TA100 strains. ZSP exhibited efficient DPPH (IC50 = 75.6 ± 6.1 µg·mL−1) and ABTS (IC50 = 57.4 ± 6 µg·mL−1) scavenging activities. ZSP inhibited the release of cytokines, involved in IL-1β (IC50 = 134.4 ± 7.8), IL-6 (IC50 = 262.8 ± 11.2), and TNF-α (IC50 = 223.8 ± 5.8). These results indicate that ZSP contains a higher amount of biochemicals than ZSF, or that ZSP contains unique biochemicals. In conclusion, for certain physiological activities, the use of ZSP alone may be more beneficial than the combined use of ZSF and ZSP.
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22
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Santos Marques L, Rodrigues de Freitas T, Batista Rodrigues R, Dos Santos Teixeira N, Pérez-Atehortúa M, Rosa-Silva HT, Fonseca Moreira JC, Streit DP. Vitrification protocol for immature Brycon orbignyanus ovarian tissue as an extinction escape strategy. Cryobiology 2021; 103:116-122. [PMID: 34464611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Piracanjunba (Brycon orbignyanus) is an endangered South American fish, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an alternative method for preserving maternal germplasm and genetic diversity. Therefore, our aim was to test a vitrification protocol for ovarian tissue containing primary growth (PG) oocytes of B. orbignyanus as a strategy to avoid the threat of extinction. Two vitrification solutions were evaluated (VS1: 1.5 M methanol + 4.5 M propylene glycol and VS2: 1.5 M methanol + 5.5 M Me2SO) and compared using control/fresh ovarian tissue. After vitrification, the following factors were analyzed: membrane integrity using trypan blue, morphology using a histological assessment, oxidative stress (total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) and reduced thiol [-SH]), mitochondrial activity using MTT, and DNA damage using a comet assay. The vitrified oocytes (VS1= 24.3 ± 0.49% and VS2= 24.8 ± 0.69%) showed higher DNA damage than the control group (control= 20.7 ± 1.03%) (P = 0.004). In contrast, in most evaluations (membrane integrity, membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial activity), there were no discernible differences between the control group and the vitrified samples. In addition, oocyte (P = 0.883) and nuclear diameter (P = 0.118) did not change after vitrification. VS2 treatment resulted in higher nuclear damage (15.7 ± 1.45%) than in the control treatment (3.5 ± 1.19%); however, VS1 treatment did not result in significantly more damage (9.5 ± 3.01%) than in the control (P = 0.015). Therefore, the protocol for ovarian tissue vitrification tested in this study resulted in high maintenance of PG oocyte cell integrity, making it a promising alternative for B. orbignyanus maternal genome preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis Santos Marques
- Animal Science Research Program of Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaiza Rodrigues de Freitas
- Animal Science Research Program of Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Batista Rodrigues
- Animal Science Research Program of Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Dos Santos Teixeira
- Animal Science Research Program of Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maritza Pérez-Atehortúa
- Animal Science Research Program of Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - H T Rosa-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry of Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry of Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danilo Pedro Streit
- Animal Science Research Program of Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, 7712, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Lim CK, Efthymios M, Tan W, Autio MI, Tiang Z, Li PY, Foo RSY. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) enhances direct cardiac reprogramming by inhibiting the bromodomain of coactivators CBP/p300. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 160:15-26. [PMID: 34146546 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Direct cardiac reprogramming represents an attractive way to reversing heart damage caused by myocardial infarction because it removes fibroblasts, while also generating new functional cardiomyocytes. Yet, the main hurdle for bringing this technique to the clinic is the lack of efficacy with current reprogramming protocols. Here, we describe our unexpected discovery that DMSO is capable of significantly augmenting direct cardiac reprogramming in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Upon induction with cardiac transcription factors- Gata4, Hand2, Mef2c and Tbx5 (GHMT), the treatment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with 1% DMSO induced ~5 fold increase in Myh6-mCherry+ cells, and significantly upregulated global expression of cardiac genes, including Myh6, Ttn, Nppa, Myh7 and Ryr2. RNA-seq confirmed upregulation of cardiac gene programmes and downregulation of extracellular matrix-related genes. Treatment of TGF-β1, DMSO, or SB431542, and the combination thereof, revealed that DMSO most likely targets a separate but parallel pathway other than TGF-β signalling. Subsequent experiments using small molecule screening revealed that DMSO enhances direct cardiac reprogramming through inhibition of the CBP/p300 bromodomain, and not its acetyltransferase property. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our work points to a direct molecular target of DMSO, which can be used for augmenting GHMT-induced direct cardiac reprogramming and possibly other cell fate conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Kiat Lim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Motakis Efthymios
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Wilson Tan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Matias Ilmari Autio
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Peter Yiqing Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Roger Sik Yin Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
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Shatrova AN, Burova EB, Kharchenko MV, Smirnova IS, Lyublinskaya OG, Nikolsky NN, Borodkina AV. Outcomes of Deferoxamine Action on H 2O 2-Induced Growth Inhibition and Senescence Progression of Human Endometrial Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6035. [PMID: 34204881 PMCID: PMC8199751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly applied in regenerative therapy to replace cells that are lost or impaired during disease. The low survival rate of MSCs after transplantation is one of the major limitations heavily influencing the success of the therapy. Unfavorable microenvironments with inflammation and oxidative stress in the damaged regions contribute to MSCs loss. Most of the strategies developed to overcome this obstacle are aimed to prevent stress-induced apoptosis, with little attention paid to senescence-another common stress reaction of MSCs. Here, we proposed the strategy to prevent oxidative stress-induced senescence of human endometrial stem cells (hMESCs) based on deferoxamine (DFO) application. DFO prevented DNA damage and stress-induced senescence of hMESCs, as evidenced by reduced levels of reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin, cyclin D1, decreased SA-β-Gal activity, and improved mitochondrial function. Additionally, DFO caused accumulation of HIF-1α, which may contribute to the survival of H2O2-treated cells. Importantly, cells that escaped senescence due to DFO preconditioning preserved all the properties of the initial hMESCs. Therefore, once protecting cells from oxidative damage, DFO did not alter further hMESCs functioning. The data obtained may become the important prerequisite for development of a new strategy in regenerative therapy based on MSCs preconditioning using DFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla N. Shatrova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.B.B.); (M.V.K.); (I.S.S.); (O.G.L.); (N.N.N.); (A.V.B.)
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25
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Heyman L, Ferrarini E, Sanchez L, Barka EA, Höfte M. A sensitive chemiluminescence method for quantification of the oxidative burst in grapevine cells and rice roots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110892. [PMID: 33902853 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Roots are prominent plant-microbe interaction sites and of great biological relevance for many studies. The root response is of interest when searching for potential systemic resistance inducers. Screening of elicitors often focuses on the oxidative burst, the rapid and transient production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). However, to our knowledge, no high-throughput, sensitive methods have been developed for the quantification of ROS released by roots. Here, we report on the development of an L-012-based chemiluminescence bioassay to quantitatively determine the oxidative burst following elicitation events in roots. Rice and grapevine were used as monocot and dicot models. We demonstrate that chitosan, a recognized elicitor in rice cells, was able to elicit ROS production in rice roots. Chitosan also triggered a strong oxidative burst in grapevine cell suspension cultures, while grapevine roots were not responsive. Although this method is broadly applicable, the L-012 probe requires careful consideration of solvents and plant species. Insufficient extracellular ROS, quenching, and the interference of solvents with the probe can undermine the assay sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Heyman
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Enrico Ferrarini
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- RIBP-EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- RIBP-EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
| | - Monica Höfte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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26
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Wuputra K, Tsai MH, Kato K, Yang YH, Pan JB, Ku CC, Noguchi M, Kishikawa S, Nakade K, Chen HL, Liu CJ, Nakamura Y, Kuo KK, Lin YC, Chan TF, Wu DC, Hou MF, Huang SK, Lin CS, Yokoyama KK. Dimethyl sulfoxide stimulates the AhR-Jdp2 axis to control ROS accumulation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:203-222. [PMID: 33723743 PMCID: PMC8986748 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-binding protein that responds to environmental aromatic hydrocarbons and stimulates the transcription of downstream phase I enzyme–related genes by binding the cis element of dioxin-responsive elements (DREs)/xenobiotic-responsive elements. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a well-known organic solvent that is often used to dissolve phase I reagents in toxicology and oxidative stress research experiments. In the current study, we discovered that 0.1% DMSO significantly induced the activation of the AhR promoter via DREs and produced reactive oxygen species, which induced apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Moreover, Jun dimerization protein 2 (Jdp2) was found to be required for activation of the AhR promoter in response to DMSO. Coimmunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the phase I–dependent transcription factors, AhR and the AhR nuclear translocator, and phase II–dependent transcription factors such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)–like 2 (Nrf2) integrated into DRE sites together with Jdp2 to form an activation complex to increase AhR promoter activity in response to DMSO in MEFs. Our findings provide evidence for the functional role of Jdp2 in controlling the AhR gene via Nrf2 and provide insights into how Jdp2 contributes to the regulation of ROS production and the cell spreading and apoptosis produced by the ligand DMSO in MEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ho Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ya-Han Yang
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michiya Noguchi
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kishikawa
- Gene Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Nakade
- Gene Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hua-Ling Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chepur SV, Pluzhnikov NN, Chubar OV, Bakulina LS, Litvinenko IV, Makarov VA, Gogolevsky AS, Myasnikov VA, Myasnikova IA, Al-Shehadat RI. Respiratory RNA Viruses: How to Be Prepared for an Encounter with New Pandemic Virus Strains. BIOLOGY BULLETIN REVIEWS 2021; 11. [PMCID: PMC8078390 DOI: 10.1134/s207908642102002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the biology of influenza viruses and coronavirus that determine the implementation of the infectious process are presented. With provision for pathogenesis of infection possible effects of serine proteinase inhibitors, heparin, and inhibitors of heparan sulfate receptors in the prevention of cell contamination by viruses are examined. It has been determined that chelators of metals of variable valency and antioxidants should be used for the reduction of replicative activity of viruses and anti-inflammatory therapy. The possibility of a pH-dependent impairment of glycosylation of cellular and viral proteins was traced for chloroquine and its derivatives. The use of low-toxicity drugs as part of adjunct therapy increases the effectiveness of synthetic antiviral drugs and interferons and ensures the safety of baseline therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Chepur
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. N. Pluzhnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. V. Chubar
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L. S. Bakulina
- Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | | | - V. A. Makarov
- Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Gogolevsky
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. A. Myasnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I. A. Myasnikova
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R. I. Al-Shehadat
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Formulation and Stability of Ataluren Eye Drop Oily Solution for Aniridia. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010007. [PMID: 33375041 PMCID: PMC7822034 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital aniridia is a rare and severe panocular disease characterized by a complete or partial iris defect clinically detectable at birth. The most common form of aniridia occurring in around 90% of cases is caused by PAX6 haploinsufficiency. The phenotype includes ptosis, nystagmus, corneal limbal insufficiency, glaucoma, cataract, optic nerve, and foveal hypoplasia. Ataluren eye drops aim to restore ocular surface PAX6 haploinsufficiency in aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK). However, there are currently no available forms of the ophthalmic solution. The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical and microbiological stability of ataluren 1% eye drop in preservative-free low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottle with an innovative insert that maintains sterility after opening. Because ataluren is a strongly lipophilic compound, the formulation is complex and involves a strategy based on co-solvents in an aqueous phase or an oily formulation capable of totally dissolving the active ingredient. The visual aspect, ataluren quantification by a stability-indicating chromatographic method, and microbiological sterility were analyzed. The oily formulation in castor oil and DMSO (10%) better protects ataluren hydrolysis and oxidative degradation and permits its complete solubilization. Throughout the 60 days period, the oily solution in the LDPE bottle remained clear without any precipitation or color modification, and no drug loss and no microbial development were detected. The demonstrated physical and microbiological stability of ataluren 1% eye drop formulation at 22–25 °C might facilitate clinical research in aniridia.
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29
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Aging-Exacerbated Acute Axon and Myelin Injury Is Associated with Microglia-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species and Is Alleviated by the Generic Medication Indapamide. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8587-8600. [PMID: 33060175 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1098-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a critical risk factor for many neurologic conditions, including progressive multiple sclerosis. Yet the mechanisms underlying the relationship are unknown. Using lysolecithin-induced demyelinating injury to the mouse spinal cord, we characterized the acute lesion and investigated the mechanisms of increased myelin and axon damage with age. We report exacerbated myelin and axon loss in middle-aged (8-10 months of age) compared with young (6 weeks of age) female C57BL/6 mice by 1-3 d of lesion evolution in the white matter. Transcriptomic analysis linked elevated injury to increased expression of Cybb, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase gp91phox. Immunohistochemistry in male and female Cx3cr1 CreER/+ :Rosa26 tdTom/+ mice for gp91phox revealed that the upregulation in middle-aged animals occurred primarily in microglia and not infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages. Activated NADPH oxidase generates reactive oxygen species and elevated oxidative damage was corroborated by higher malondialdehyde immunoreactivity in lesions from middle-aged compared with young mice. From a previously conducted screen for generic drugs with antioxidant properties, we selected the antihypertensive CNS-penetrant medication indapamide for investigation. We report that indapamide reduced superoxide derived from microglia cultures and that treatment of middle-aged mice with indapamide was associated with a decrease in age-exacerbated lipid peroxidation, demyelination and axon loss. In summary, age-exacerbated acute injury following lysolecithin administration is mediated in part by microglia NADPH oxidase activation, and this is alleviated by the CNS-penetrant antioxidant, indapamide.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Age is associated with an increased risk for the development of several neurologic conditions including progressive multiple sclerosis, which is represented by substantial microglia activation. We demonstrate that in the lysolecithin demyelination model in young and middle-aged mice, the latter group developed greater acute axonal and myelin loss attributed to elevated oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase in lineage-traced microglia. We thus used a CNS-penetrant generic medication used in hypertension, indapamide, as we found it to have antioxidant properties in a previous drug screen. Following lysolecithin demyelination in middle-aged mice, indapamide treatment was associated with decreased oxidative stress and axon/myelin loss. We propose indapamide as a potential adjunctive therapy in aging-associated neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and progressive multiple sclerosis.
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30
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Makarov V, Riabova O, Ekins S, Pluzhnikov N, Chepur S. The past, present and future of RNA respiratory viruses: influenza and coronaviruses. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:ftaa046. [PMID: 32860686 PMCID: PMC7499567 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronaviruses continue to cause pandemics across the globe. We now have a greater understanding of their functions. Unfortunately, the number of drugs in our armory to defend us against them is inadequate. This may require us to think about what mechanisms to address. Here, we review the biological properties of these viruses, their genetic evolution and antiviral therapies that can be used or have been attempted. We will describe several classes of drugs such as serine protease inhibitors, heparin, heparan sulfate receptor inhibitors, chelating agents, immunomodulators and many others. We also briefly describe some of the drug repurposing efforts that have taken place in an effort to rapidly identify molecules to treat patients with COVID-19. While we put a heavy emphasis on the past and present efforts, we also provide some thoughts about what we need to do to prepare for respiratory viral threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Makarov
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nikolay Pluzhnikov
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
| | - Sergei Chepur
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
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31
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Awan M, Buriak I, Fleck R, Fuller B, Goltsev A, Kerby J, Lowdell M, Mericka P, Petrenko A, Petrenko Y, Rogulska O, Stolzing A, Stacey GN. Dimethyl sulfoxide: a central player since the dawn of cryobiology, is efficacy balanced by toxicity? Regen Med 2020; 15:1463-1491. [PMID: 32342730 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the cryoprotectant of choice for most animal cell systems since the early history of cryopreservation. It has been used for decades in many thousands of cell transplants. These treatments would not have taken place without suitable sources of DMSO that enabled stable and safe storage of bone marrow and blood cells until needed for transfusion. Nevertheless, its effects on cell biology and apparent toxicity in patients have been an ongoing topic of debate, driving the search for less cytotoxic cryoprotectants. This review seeks to place the toxicity of DMSO in context of its effectiveness. It will also consider means of reducing its toxic effects, the alternatives to its use and their readiness for active use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maooz Awan
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, UCL Division of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, UCL, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Iryna Buriak
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska 23, 61016, Kharkiv
| | - Roland Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Barry Fuller
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, UCL Division of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, UCL, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Anatoliy Goltsev
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska 23, 61016, Kharkiv
| | - Julie Kerby
- Cell & Gene Therapy Catapult, 12th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapy, Royal Free London NHS FT & UCL, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Pavel Mericka
- Tissue Bank, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska 23, 61016, Kharkiv
| | - Yuri Petrenko
- Department of Biomaterials & Biophysical Methods, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Rogulska
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska 23, 61016, Kharkiv
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- University of Loughborough, Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Holywell Park, Loughborough, UK
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High Street, Barley, Hertfordshire, SG8 8HZ
- Beijing Stem Cell Bank, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 25–2 Beishuan West, Haidan District, 100190 Beijing, China
- Institute of Stem Cells & Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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32
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Biological activity of two novel zinc(II) complexes with NSAID mefenamic acid. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-01003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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Monroe JD, Hodzic D, Millay MH, Patty BG, Smith ME. Anti-Cancer and Ototoxicity Characteristics of the Curcuminoids, CLEFMA and EF24, in Combination with Cisplatin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213889. [PMID: 31671767 PMCID: PMC6864451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the curcuminoids, CLEFMA and EF24, improved cisplatin efficacy and reduced cisplatin ototoxicity. We used the lung cancer cell line, A549, to determine the effects of the curcuminoids and cisplatin on cell viability and several apoptotic signaling mechanisms. Cellular viability was measured using the MTT assay. A scratch assay was used to measure cell migration and fluorescent spectrophotometry to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Western blots and luminescence assays were used to measure the expression and activity of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), caspases-3/7, -8, -9, and -12, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (Src). A zebrafish model was used to evaluate auditory effects. Cisplatin, the curcuminoids, and their combinations had similar effects on cell viability (IC50 values: 2-16 μM) and AIF, caspase-12, JNK, MAPK, and Src expression, while caspase-3/7, -8, and -9 activity was unchanged or decreased. Cisplatin increased ROS yield (1.2-fold), and curcuminoid and combination treatments reduced ROS (0.75-0.85-fold). Combination treatments reduced A549 migration (0.51-0.53-fold). Both curcuminoids reduced auditory threshold shifts induced by cisplatin. In summary, cisplatin and the curcuminoids might cause cell death through AIF and caspase-12. The curcuminoids may potentiate cisplatin's effect against A549 migration, but may counteract cisplatin's effect to increase ROS production. The curcuminoids might also prevent cisplatin ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D Monroe
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
| | - Denis Hodzic
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
| | - Matthew H Millay
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
| | - Blaine G Patty
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
| | - Michael E Smith
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, #11080, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA.
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Santos MVDO, Silva AM, Praxedes ÉA, Borges AA, Teles Filho ACDA, Souza‐Junior JBF, Bertini LM, Silva AR, Pereira AF. Antioxidant effects of the essential oil of
Syzygium aromaticum
on bovine epididymal spermatozoa. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13448. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andréia Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation Federal Rural University of Semi‐Arid Mossoro Brazil
| | | | - Alana Azevedo Borges
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology Federal Rural University of Semi‐Arid Mossoro Brazil
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Lefaki M, Papaevgeniou N, Tur JA, Vorgias CE, Sykiotis GP, Chondrogianni N. The dietary triterpenoid 18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid protects from MMC-induced genotoxicity through the ERK/Nrf2 pathway. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101317. [PMID: 31505326 PMCID: PMC6737304 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA) is a bioactive triterpenoid that has been shown to activate the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the main transcription factor that orchestrates the cellular antioxidant response, in both cellular and organismal context. Although various beneficial properties of 18α-GA have been revealed, including its anti-oxidation and anti-aging activity, its possible protective effect against DNA damage has never been addressed. In this study, we investigated the potential beneficial properties of 18α-GA against DNA damage induced by mitomycin C (MMC) treatment. Using human primary fibroblasts exposed to MMC following pre-treatment with 18α-GA, we reveal an Nrf2-mediated protective effect against MMC-induced cell death that depends on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. In total, our results reveal an additional beneficial effect of the Nrf2 activator 18α-GA, suggesting that this important phytochemical compound is a potential candidate in preventive and/or therapeutic schemes against conditions (such as aging) or diseases that are characterized by both oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lefaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35, Athens, Greece; Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrigenomics Section, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Dornburger Straße 29, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopahotology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Constantinos E Vorgias
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15701, Athens, Greece.
| | - Gerasimos P Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35, Athens, Greece.
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Deol P, Yang J, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Sladek FM. Dimethyl Sulfoxide Decreases Levels of Oxylipin Diols in Mouse Liver. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:580. [PMID: 31191316 PMCID: PMC6548860 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a solvent and cryopreservative in laboratories and considered to have many beneficial health effects in humans. Oxylipins are a class of biologically active metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that have been linked to a number of diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of DMSO on oxylipin levels in mouse liver. Liver tissue from male mice (C57Bl6/N) that were either untreated or injected with 1% DMSO at 18 weeks of age was analyzed for oxylipin levels using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A decrease in oxylipin diols from linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n6), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n3) and docosahexeanoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3) was observed 2 h after injection with DMSO. In contrast, DMSO had no effect on the epoxide precursors or other oxylipins including those derived from arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3). It also did not significantly affect the diol:epoxide ratio, suggesting a pathway distinct from, and potentially complementary to, soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHI). Since oxylipins have been associated with a wide array of pathological conditions, from arthritis pain to obesity, our results suggest one potential mechanism underlying the apparent beneficial health effects of DMSO. They also indicate that caution should be used in the interpretation of results using DMSO as a vehicle in animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Frances M Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Tunçer S, Gurbanov R, Sheraj I, Solel E, Esenturk O, Banerjee S. Low dose dimethyl sulfoxide driven gross molecular changes have the potential to interfere with various cellular processes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14828. [PMID: 30287873 PMCID: PMC6172209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a small molecule with polar, aprotic and amphiphilic properties. It serves as a solvent for many polar and nonpolar molecules and continues to be one of the most used solvents (vehicle) in medical applications and scientific research. To better understand the cellular effects of DMSO within the concentration range commonly used as a vehicle (0.1-1.5%, v/v) for cellular treatments, we applied Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to DMSO treated and untreated epithelial colon cancer cells. Both unsupervised (Principal Component Analysis-PCA) and supervised (Linear Discriminant Analysis-LDA) pattern recognition/modelling algorithms applied to the IR data revealed total segregation and prominent differences between DMSO treated and untreated cells at whole, lipid and nucleic acid regions. Several of these data were supported by other independent techniques. Further IR data analyses of macromolecular profile indicated comprehensive alterations especially in proteins and nucleic acids. Protein secondary structure analysis showed predominance of β-sheet over α-helix in DMSO treated cells. We also observed for the first time, a reduction in nucleic acid level upon DMSO treatment accompanied by the formation of Z-DNA. Molecular docking and binding free energy studies indicated a stabilization of Z-DNA in the presence of DMSO. This alternate DNA form may be related with the specific actions of DMSO on gene expression, differentiation, and epigenetic alterations. Using analytical tools combined with molecular and cellular biology techniques, our data indicate that even at very low concentrations, DMSO induces a number of changes in all macromolecules, which may affect experimental outcomes where DMSO is used as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Tunçer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Rafig Gurbanov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Ilir Sheraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ege Solel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Postbox 7804, Bergen, N-5020, Norway
| | - Okan Esenturk
- Department of Chemistry, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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38
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Dludla PV, Jack B, Viraragavan A, Pheiffer C, Johnson R, Louw J, Muller CJF. A dose-dependent effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on lipid content, cell viability and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:1014-1020. [PMID: 30364542 PMCID: PMC6197677 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the concentration, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be toxic to cells. 3T3-L1 adipocytes are a well-established model to study anti-obesity properties. DMSO doses ≥1% reduced cell viability and promoted cell damage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an effective solvent and cytoprotectant agent that can induce diverse actions in experimental settings, ranging from metabolic stress to cytotoxic effects depending on the concentration used. Therefore, for the quality of experiments and reproducibility of results it is essential to establish a precise and non-toxic dose of DMSO within a specific cell system. 3T3-L1 adipocytes, represent a well-established in vitro cell model used to assess the anti-obesity potential of extracts and compounds. Although DMSO is commonly used as a solvent for these experiments, there is limited data available on the compounding effects of using DMSO. The purpose of this study was to assess a concentration-dependent effect of DMSO on lipid content, cell viability and oxidative damage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results showed that DMSO at doses ≥ 0.1% increased mitochondrial membrane potential as measured by JC-1 fluorescent staining, while doses ≥ 10% reduced the lipid content in matured adipocytes. Consistently, higher doses significantly reduced cell viability, elevated reactive oxygen species levels, depleted intracellular glutathione levels, and accelerated apoptosis and cell necrosis. An interesting finding was that a DMSO dose of 0.01% improved glutathione content of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and had minimal effects on cell viability, apoptosis or and necrosis, supporting its antioxidant effect. Therefore, this study provides compelling evidence that precaution should be taken when assessing compounds dissolved in DMSO, particularly doses ≥1% that were shown to induce oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Key Words
- 3T3-L1 adipocytes
- Apoptosis
- Cell viability
- DCFH-DA, 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPBS, Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline
- Dimethyl sulfoxide
- Dimethyl sulfoxide (PubChem CID: 679)
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HBSS, Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution
- IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- JC-1, 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanineiodide
- MTT, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-DiphenyltetrazoliumBromide)
- ORO, oil red O
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
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Affiliation(s)
- Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Babalwa Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Amsha Viraragavan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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Bauer NA, Hoque E, Wolf M, Kleigrewe K, Hofmann T. Detection of the formyl radical by EPR spin-trapping and mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:129-133. [PMID: 29307725 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For the first time we here present the unambiguous identification of the formyl radical (•CHO) by EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) using DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) as spin trap at ambient temperature without using any catalyst(s). The •CHO was continuously generated by UV photolysis in closed anoxic environment from pure formaldehyde (HCHO) in aqueous solution. The isotropic hyperfine structure constants of •CHO were determined as aN = 15.72G and aH = 21.27G. The signals were deconvoluted and split by simulation in their single adduct components: DMPO-CHO, DMPO-H and DMPO-OH. We verified our results at first using MNP (2-methyl-2-nitroso-propane) as spin trap with known literature data and then mass spectrometry. Similarly the MNP adduct components MNP-CHO, MNP-H as well as its own adduct, the MNP-2-methyl-2-propyl (MNP-MP) were deconvoluted. Due to the low signal intensities, we had to accumulate single measurements for both spin traps. Using MS we got the exact mass of the reduced •CHO adduct independently confirming the result of EPR detection of formyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert A Bauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Enamul Hoque
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Wolf
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Berger HR, Nyman AKG, Morken TS, Vettukattil R, Brubakk AM, Widerøe M. Early metabolite changes after melatonin treatment in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury studied by in-vivo1H MR spectroscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185202. [PMID: 28934366 PMCID: PMC5608359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a promising neuroprotective agent after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. We used in-vivo1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate effects of melatonin treatment on brain metabolism after HI. Postnatal day 7 Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral HI brain injury were treated with either melatonin 10 mg/kg dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or vehicle (5% DMSO and/or PBS) directly and at 6 hours after HI. 1H MR spectra from the thalamus in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere were acquired 1 day after HI. Our results showed that injured animals had a distinct metabolic profile in the ipsilateral thalamus compared to sham with low concentrations of total creatine, choline, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), and high concentrations of lipids. A majority of the melatonin-treated animals had a metabolic profile characterized by higher total creatine, choline, NAA and lower lipid levels than other HI animals. When comparing absolute concentrations, melatonin treatment resulted in higher glutamine levels and lower lipid concentrations compared to DMSO treatment as well as higher macromolecule levels compared to PBS treatment day 1 after HI. DMSO treated animals had lower concentrations of glucose, creatine, phosphocholine and macromolecules compared to sham animals. In conclusion, the neuroprotective effects of melatonin were reflected in a more favorable metabolic profile including reduced lipid levels that likely represents reduced cell injury. Neuroprotective effects may also be related to the influence of melatonin on glutamate/glutamine metabolism. The modulatory effects of the solvent DMSO on cerebral energy metabolism might have masked additional beneficial effects of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Rijkje Berger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs University Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Axel K. G. Nyman
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tora Sund Morken
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Olavs University Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Mari Brubakk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marius Widerøe
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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41
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Zakrocka I, Kocki T, Turski WA. The effect of three angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on kynurenic acid production in rat kidney in vitro. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:536-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ullah R, Rehman A, Zafeer MF, Rehman L, Khan YA, Khan MAH, Khan SN, Khan AU, Abidi SMA. Anthelmintic Potential of Thymoquinone and Curcumin on Fasciola gigantica. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171267. [PMID: 28152102 PMCID: PMC5289557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis an economically important global disease of ruminants in the temperate and tropical regions, caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively, also poses a potential zoonotic threat. In India alone it causes huge losses to stakeholders. Anthelmintics including triclabendazole have been used to control this menace but the emerging resistance against the available compounds necessitates identification of novel and alternative therapeutic measures involving plant derived natural compounds for their anthelmintic potential. Thymoquinone (T) and curcumin (C), the active ingredients of Nigella sativa and Curcuma longa respectively have been used as antiparasitic agents but the information on their flukicidal effect is very limited. Adult flukes of F. gigantica were in vitro exposed to different concentrations of thymoquinone and curcumin separately for 3h at 37+ 1°C. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in the worm motility at 60 μM concentration of both T and C was observed though all the worms remained alive after 3h exposure, whereas the effect on egg shedding was statistically insignificant. Pronounced tegumental disruptions and erosion of spines in the posterior region and around the acetabulum was evident. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) level was observed, while protein carbonylation increased differentially. A significant inhibition of CathepsinL (CatL) gene expression in thymoquinone treated worms was also evident. Further, in silico molecular docking of T and C with CatL revealed a stronger interaction of curcumin with the involvement of higher number of amino acids as compared to thymoquinone that could be more effective in inhibiting the antioxidant enzymes of F. gigantica. It is concluded that both the compounds understudy will decrease the detoxification ability of F. gigantica, while inhibition of CatL will significantly affect their virulence potential. Thus, both thymoquinone and curcumin appeared to be promising anthelmintic compounds for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Faraz Zafeer
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre (IBRC), J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Lubna Rehman
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Yasir A. Khan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M. A. Hannan Khan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shahper N. Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Asad U. Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - S. M. A. Abidi
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Hosseinzadeh E, Zavareh S, Lashkarbolouki T. Antioxidant properties of coenzyme Q10-pretreated mouse pre-antral follicles derived from vitrified ovaries. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 43:140-148. [PMID: 27935208 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the antioxidant status of pre-antral follicles derived from vitrified ovaries pretreated with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). METHODS Mouse pre-antral follicles derived from fresh and vitrified warmed ovarian tissue were cultured with or without CoQ10 (50 μmol/L). Follicular growth, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activity during cultivation were assessed. RESULTS The growth rate of the fresh pre-antral follicles was higher compared with the vitrified groups, especially in the CoQ10-treated than non-treated groups. MDA increased while TAC decreased at 96 h of the cultivation period. TAC was higher while MDA was lower in the fresh pre-antral follicles than in the vitrified groups. These rates were higher in the CoQ10-treated than non-treated groups. The vitrified and fresh CoQ10-pretreated groups had significantly higher SOD, GPX, and CAT activity compared with the CoQ10 non-treated groups. CONCLUSION CoQ10-supplemented maturation medium can increase antioxidant enzyme activity and decrease lipid peroxidation in cultured pre-antral follicles derived from fresh and vitrified mouse ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Zavareh
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Taghi Lashkarbolouki
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
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Key Challenges and Opportunities Associated with the Use of In Vitro Models to Detect Human DILI: Integrated Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plans. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9737920. [PMID: 27689095 PMCID: PMC5027328 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9737920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of late-stage clinical drug attrition, market withdrawal, black-box warnings, and acute liver failure. Consequently, it has been an area of focus for toxicologists and clinicians for several decades. In spite of considerable efforts, limited improvements in DILI prediction have been made and efforts to improve existing preclinical models or develop new test systems remain a high priority. While prediction of intrinsic DILI has improved, identifying compounds with a risk for idiosyncratic DILI (iDILI) remains extremely challenging because of the lack of a clear mechanistic understanding and the multifactorial pathogenesis of idiosyncratic drug reactions. Well-defined clinical diagnostic criteria and risk factors are also missing. This paper summarizes key data interpretation challenges, practical considerations, model limitations, and the need for an integrated risk assessment. As demonstrated through selected initiatives to address other types of toxicities, opportunities exist however for improvement, especially through better concerted efforts at harmonization of current, emerging and novel in vitro systems or through the establishment of strategies for implementation of preclinical DILI models across the pharmaceutical industry. Perspectives on the incorporation of newer technologies and the value of precompetitive consortia to identify useful practices are also discussed.
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Sapanidou V, Taitzoglou I, Tsakmakidis I, Kourtzelis I, Fletouris D, Theodoridis A, Lavrentiadou S, Tsantarliotou M. Protective effect of crocetin on bovine spermatozoa against oxidative stress during in vitro fertilization. Andrology 2016; 4:1138-1149. [PMID: 27575445 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major factors that contribute to poor semen quality and low rates of in vitro fertilization. Crocetin, a main constituent of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) possesses potent antioxidant activity, by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or enhancing the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effect of crocetin on the quality characteristics of bull spermatozoa and fertilization rate. For this reason, frozen/thawed bovine spermatozoa were incubated with crocetin (1, 2.5, and 5 μm), for 120 or 240 min, in the presence of a negative control, and evaluated in terms of motility, viability, acrosomal status, DNA fragmentation index, intracellular ROS, and lipid peroxidation. In order to evaluate the impact of crocetin on cleavage and blastocyst rate, the compound was added in the IVF medium at the previously identified optimal concentration (2.5 μm). The results indicate that incubation of spermatozoa with 2.5 μm of crocetin resulted in a statistically significant lower production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, lower lipid peroxidation, and in better maintenance of motility parameters, viability, and acrosomal integrity, with a very small number of cells with DNA fragmentation, compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The presence of crocetin (2.5 μm) in the fertilization medium also resulted in a significant increase in acrosome-reacted spermatozoa and blastocyst production, compared to the control group (p < 0.01). These data indicate that crocetin (2.5 μm) positively affects bovine sperm quality characteristics during a 240-min incubation and improves its fertilizing ability, directly and/or indirectly, by regulating ROS concentration and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sapanidou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Taitzoglou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Tsakmakidis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Kourtzelis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Fletouris
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Technology of Food Animal Origin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Animal Production Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Lavrentiadou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Tsantarliotou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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46
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Berntsen HF, Fonnum F, Walaas SI, Bogen IL. Low-Chlorinated Non-Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls Present in Blood and Breast Milk Induce Higher Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neutrophil Granulocytes than High-Chlorinated Congeners. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:588-597. [PMID: 27194217 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite their ban several decades ago, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) still pose a health threat to human beings due to their persistent and accumulative nature and continued presence in the environment. Non-dioxin-like (NDL)-PCBs have earlier been found to have effects on the immune system, including human neutrophil granulocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between ortho-chlorinated NDL-PCBs with a low or high degree of chlorination in their capability to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human neutrophil granulocytes in vitro. We used some of the congeners occurring at the highest levels in blood, breast milk and food: PCB 52 representing the low-chlorinated congeners and PCB 180 the high-chlorinated congeners. In addition, the extensively studied PCB 153 was included as a reference compound. ROS production was assessed with the luminol-amplified chemiluminescence and DCF fluorescence assays. The involvement of intracellular signalling mechanisms was investigated using different pharmacological substances. At high concentrations (10-20 μM), PCB 52 induced more ROS than PCB 153 and PCB 180. The role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and/or ERK 5 signalling in PCB-induced ROS production was implicated through the reduction in ROS in the presence of the specific inhibitor U0126, whereas reduced ROS production after the use of SB203580 and SP600125 indicated the involvement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, respectively. In addition, the calcineurin inhibitor FK-506, the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM and the antioxidant vitamin E reduced the levels of ROS. The intracellular signalling mechanisms involved in ROS production in human neutrophil granulocytes appeared to be similar for PCB 52, PCB 153 and PCB 180. Based on the results from the present and previous studies, we conclude that for abundant ortho-chlorinated PCBs found in the blood, low-chlorinated congeners induce higher production of ROS in neutrophil granulocytes than high-chlorinated congeners. This could be relevant during acute exposure scenarios when high concentrations of PCBs are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, NMBU-School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Fonnum
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven Ivar Walaas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Lise Bogen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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47
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Bonne C. Potential efficiency of antioxidants to prevent pressure ulcers. A neglected hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2016; 91:28-31. [PMID: 27142137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pressure ulcers are necrotic lesions mainly due to capillary hypoperfusion. It is well known that hypoxia and also subsequent oxygenation at reperfusion provoke the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for cell death. The hypothesis of their participation in the pathogenesis of pressure ulcers has already been tested; several antioxidants have the capacity to inhibit skin necrosis in animal models but their efficiency in preventing bedsores has never been demonstrated in patients. The failure of clinical trials to show the protective activity of some antioxidants does not rule out the involvement of ROS in ischemic ulcers and the potential efficacy of other antioxidants in preventing their formation remains possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Bonne
- CB-Consultant, 2, rue sur les murs, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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48
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Jovanovic ZD, Stanojevic MB, Nedeljkov VB. The neurotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and copper in Retzius nerve cells of the leech Haemopis sanguisuga. Biol Open 2016; 5:381-8. [PMID: 26935393 PMCID: PMC4890660 DOI: 10.1242/bio.014936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular damage. Electrophysiological analyses have shown that membrane transport proteins are susceptible to ROS. In the present study, oxidative stress was induced in Retzius nerve cells of the leechHaemopis sanguisugaby bath application of 1 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 0.02 mM of copper (Cu) for 20 min. The H2O2/Cu(II) produced considerable changes in the electrical properties of the Retzius nerve cells. Intracellular recording of the resting membrane potential revealed that the neuronal membrane was depolarized in the presence of H2O2/Cu(II). We found that the amplitude of action potentials decreased, while the duration augmented in a progressive way along the drug exposure time. The combined application of H2O2and Cu(II) caused an initial excitation followed by depression of the spontaneous electrical activity. Voltage-clamp recordings revealed a second effect of the oxidant, a powerful inhibition of the outward potassium channels responsible for the repolarization of action potentials. The neurotoxic effect of H2O2/Cu(II) on the spontaneous spike electrogenesis and outward K(+)current of Retzius nerve cells was reduced in the presence of hydroxyl radical scavengers, dimethylthiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide, but not mannitol. This study provides evidence for the oxidative modification of outward potassium channels in Retzius nerve cells. The oxidative mechanism of the H2O2/Cu(II) system action on the electrical properties of Retzius neurons proposed in this study might have a wider significance, referring not only to leeches but also to mammalian neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica D Jovanovic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija B Stanojevic
- Institute for Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir B Nedeljkov
- Institute for Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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49
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Abel GR, Calabrese ZA, Ayco J, Hein JE, Ye T. Measuring and Suppressing the Oxidative Damage to DNA During Cu(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:698-704. [PMID: 26829457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have used the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to measure the extent of oxidative DNA damage under varying reaction conditions used for copper(I)-catalyzed click chemistry. We systematically studied how the damage depends on a number of key reaction parameters, including the amounts of copper, ascorbate, and ligand used, and found that the damage is significant under nearly all conditions tested, including those commonly used for bioconjugation. Furthermore, we discovered that the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, a known radical scavenger, into the aqueous mixture dramatically suppresses DNA damage during the reaction. We also measured the efficiency of cross-linking two short synthetic oligonucleotides via click chemistry, and found that the reaction could proceed reasonably efficiently even with DMSO present. This approach for screening both DNA damage and reactivity under a range of reaction conditions will be valuable for improving the biocompatibility of click chemistry, and should help to extend this powerful synthetic tool for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Abel
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Zachary A Calabrese
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Jeffrey Ayco
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Jason E Hein
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States.,Department of Chemistry, UBC Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Tao Ye
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
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50
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Berger HR, Morken TS, Vettukattil R, Brubakk AM, Sonnewald U, Widerøe M. No improvement of neuronal metabolism in the reperfusion phase with melatonin treatment after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the neonatal rat. J Neurochem 2015; 136:339-50. [PMID: 26526584 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment is a key feature underlying neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and melatonin is potentially neuroprotective through its effects on mitochondria. In this study, we have used (1) H and (13) C NMR spectroscopy after injection of [1-(13) C]glucose and [1,2-(13) C]acetate to examine neuronal and astrocytic metabolism in the early reperfusion phase after unilateral HI brain injury in 7-day-old rat pups, exploring the effects of HI on mitochondrial function and the potential protective effects of melatonin on brain metabolism. One hour after hypoxia-ischemia, astrocytic metabolism was recovered and glycolysis was normalized, whereas mitochondrial metabolism in neurons was clearly impaired. Pyruvate carboxylation was also lower in both hemispheres after HI. The transfer of glutamate from neurons to astrocytes was higher whereas the transfer of glutamine from astrocytes to neurons was lower 1 h after HI in the contralateral hemisphere. Neuronal metabolism was equally affected in pups treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg) immediately after HI as in vehicle treated pups indicating that the given dose of melatonin was not capable of protecting the neuronal mitochondria in this early phase after HI brain injury. However, any beneficial effects of melatonin might have been masked by modulatory effects of the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide on cerebral metabolism. Neuronal and astrocytic metabolism was examined by (13) C and (1) H NMR spectroscopy in the early reperfusion phase after unilateral hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and melatonin treatment in neonatal rats. One hour after hypoxia-ischemia astrocytic mitochondrial metabolism had recovered and glycolysis was normalized, whereas mitochondrial metabolism in neurons was impaired. Melatonin treatment did not show a protective effect on neuronal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester R Berger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tora Sund Morken
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Mari Brubakk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ursula Sonnewald
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius Widerøe
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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