1
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Procopiou PA, Barrett J, Crawford MHJ, Hatley RJD, Hancock AP, Pritchard JM, Rowedder JE, Copley RCB, Slack RJ, Sollis SL, Thorp LR, Lippa RA, Macdonald SJF, Barrett TN. Discovery and Development of Highly Potent and Orally Bioavailable Nonpeptidic α vβ 6 Integrin Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:17497-17519. [PMID: 39269712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
A series of 3-aryl((S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic acids were developed as potent orally bioavailable αvβ6 integrin inhibitors. Starting from a zwitterionic peptidomimetic series optimized for inhaled administration, the balancing of potency and passive permeability to achieve suitable oral agents through modification and exploration of aryl substituents and pKa of the central cyclic amine is described. (S)-4-((S)-3-Fluoro-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)ethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(3-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)butanoic acid was found to have highly desirable oral pharmacokinetic profiles in rat, dog, and minipig, with low to moderate clearance (26%, 7%, and 18% liver blood flow, respectively), moderate volumes of distribution (3.6, 1.4, and 0.9 L/kg, respectively), high to complete oral bioavailabilities, high αvβ6 integrin potency of pIC50 of 8.0, and high solubility in physiological media (>2 mg/mL). Equating to the estimated human dose range of 10-75 mg b.i.d. to achieve 90% αvβ6 target engagement at Cmin, it was selected for further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Barrett
- Discovery Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew H J Crawford
- Medicinal Science & Technology, Medicine Design, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J D Hatley
- Medicinal Science & Technology, Medicine Design, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley P Hancock
- Medicinal Science & Technology, Medicine Design, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John M Pritchard
- Medicinal Science & Technology, Medicine Design, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - James E Rowedder
- Translational Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Royston C B Copley
- Medicine Development & Supply, Drug Substance Development, Materials Science, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Slack
- Translational Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L Sollis
- Medicinal Science & Technology, Medicine Design, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Lee R Thorp
- Medicinal Science & Technology, Medicine Design, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys A Lippa
- Medicinal Science & Technology, Medicine Design, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J F Macdonald
- Medicinal Science & Technology, Medicine Design, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Tim N Barrett
- Medicinal Science & Technology, Medicine Design, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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2
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Encinas L, Li SY, Rullas-Trincado J, Tasneen R, Tyagi S, Soni H, Garcia-Perez A, Lee J, González Del Río R, De Mercado J, Sousa V, Sosič I, Gobec S, Mendoza-Losana A, Converse PJ, Mdluli K, Fotouhi N, Barros-Aguirre D, Nuermberger EL. Contribution of direct InhA inhibitors to novel drug regimens in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0035724. [PMID: 39345183 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00357-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid is an important first-line medicine to treat tuberculosis (TB). Isoniazid resistance increases the risk of poor treatment outcomes and development of multidrug resistance, and is driven primarily by mutations involving katG, encoding the prodrug-activating enzyme, rather than its validated target, InhA. The chemical tractability of InhA has fostered efforts to discover direct inhibitors of InhA (DIIs). In this study, we bridge the gap in understanding the potential contribution of DIIs to novel combination regimens and demonstrate a clear distinction of DIIs, like GSK693 and the newly described GSK138, from isoniazid, based on activity against clinical isolates and contribution to novel drug regimens. The results suggest that DIIs, specifically GSK138 and GSK693, could be promising partners in novel drug regimens, including those used against isoniazid-resistant TB, potentially enhancing their efficacy and/or preventing the selection of resistant mutants and supporting the continued exploration of InhA as a promising target for TB drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Encinas
- Global Health Medicines R&D, GSK, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Si-Yang Li
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rokeya Tasneen
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandeep Tyagi
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heena Soni
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jin Lee
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Verónica Sousa
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Paul J Converse
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Khisi Mdluli
- TB Alliance: Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nader Fotouhi
- TB Alliance: Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Eric L Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Ihsan MF, Kawashima D, Li S, Ogasawara S, Murata T, Takei M. Non-invasive hERG channel screening based on electrical impedance tomography and extracellular voltage activation (EIT-EVA). LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3183-3190. [PMID: 38828904 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
hERG channel screening has been achieved based on electrical impedance tomography and extracellular voltage activation (EIT-EVA) to improve the non-invasive aspect of drug discovery. EIT-EVA screens hERG channels by considering the change in extracellular ion concentration which modifies the extracellular resistance in cell suspension. The rate of ion passing in cell suspension is calculated from the extracellular resistance Rex, which is obtained from the EIT measurement at a frequency of 500 kHz. In the experiment, non-invasive screening is applied by a novel integrated EIT-EVA printed circuit board (PCB) sensor to human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells transfected with the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) ion channel, while the E-4031 antiarrhythmic drug is used for hERG channel inhibition. The extracellular resistance Rex of the HEK 293 cells suspension is measured by EIT as the hERG channels are activated by EVA over time. The Rex is reconstructed into extracellular conductivity distribution change Δσ to reflect the extracellular K+ ion concentration change Δc resulting from the activated hERG channel. Δc is increased rapidly during the hERG channel non-inhibition state while Δc is increased slower with increasing drug concentration cd. In order to evaluate the EIT-EVA system, the inhibitory ratio index (IR) was calculated based on the rate of Δc over time. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.7 nM is obtained from the cd and IR dose-response relationship. The IR from EIT-EVA is compared with the results from the patch-clamp method, which gives R2 of 0.85. In conclusion, EIT-EVA is successfully applied to non-invasive hERG channel screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fathul Ihsan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Division of Fundamental Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawashima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Songshi Li
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogasawara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takei
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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4
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Ahmadi S, Benard-Valle M, Boddum K, Cardoso FC, King GF, Laustsen AH, Ljungars A. From squid giant axon to automated patch-clamp: electrophysiology in venom and antivenom research. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1249336. [PMID: 37693897 PMCID: PMC10484000 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1249336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play a crucial role in diverse physiological processes, including neurotransmission and muscle contraction. Venomous creatures exploit the vital function of ion channels by producing toxins in their venoms that specifically target these ion channels to facilitate prey capture upon a bite or a sting. Envenoming can therefore lead to ion channel dysregulation, which for humans can result in severe medical complications that often necessitate interventions such as antivenom administration. Conversely, the discovery of highly potent and selective venom toxins with the capability of distinguishing between different isoforms and subtypes of ion channels has led to the development of beneficial therapeutics that are now in the clinic. This review encompasses the historical evolution of electrophysiology methodologies, highlighting their contributions to venom and antivenom research, including venom-based drug discovery and evaluation of antivenom efficacy. By discussing the applications and advancements in patch-clamp techniques, this review underscores the profound impact of electrophysiology in unravelling the intricate interplay between ion channels and venom toxins, ultimately leading to the development of drugs for envenoming and ion channel-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Melisa Benard-Valle
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Fernanda C. Cardoso
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Protein and Peptide Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Glenn F. King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Protein and Peptide Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Hougaard Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Ljungars
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Cotman A, Durcik M, Benedetto Tiz D, Fulgheri F, Secci D, Sterle M, Možina Š, Skok Ž, Zidar N, Zega A, Ilaš J, Peterlin Mašič L, Tomašič T, Hughes D, Huseby DL, Cao S, Garoff L, Berruga Fernández T, Giachou P, Crone L, Simoff I, Svensson R, Birnir B, Korol SV, Jin Z, Vicente F, Ramos MC, de la Cruz M, Glinghammar B, Lenhammar L, Henderson SR, Mundy JEA, Maxwell A, Stevenson CEM, Lawson DM, Janssen GV, Sterk GJ, Kikelj D. Discovery and Hit-to-Lead Optimization of Benzothiazole Scaffold-Based DNA Gyrase Inhibitors with Potent Activity against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1380-1425. [PMID: 36634346 PMCID: PMC9884090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed compounds with a promising activity against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are both on the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Starting from DNA gyrase inhibitor 1, we identified compound 27, featuring a 10-fold improved aqueous solubility, a 10-fold improved inhibition of topoisomerase IV from A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, a 10-fold decreased inhibition of human topoisomerase IIα, and no cross-resistance to novobiocin. Cocrystal structures of 1 in complex with Escherichia coli GyrB24 and (S)-27 in complex with A. baumannii GyrB23 and P. aeruginosa GyrB24 revealed their binding to the ATP-binding pocket of the GyrB subunit. In further optimization steps, solubility, plasma free fraction, and other ADME properties of 27 were improved by fine-tuning of lipophilicity. In particular, analogs of 27 with retained anti-Gram-negative activity and improved plasma free fraction were identified. The series was found to be nongenotoxic, nonmutagenic, devoid of mitochondrial toxicity, and possessed no ion channel liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej
Emanuel Cotman
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Durcik
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Davide Benedetto Tiz
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Federica Fulgheri
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniela Secci
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Sterle
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Štefan Možina
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Skok
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nace Zidar
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Zega
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ilaš
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diarmaid Hughes
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Douglas L. Huseby
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sha Cao
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Garoff
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Talía Berruga Fernández
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paraskevi Giachou
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Crone
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ivailo Simoff
- Drug
Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP), Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Svensson
- Drug
Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP), Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bryndis Birnir
- Department
of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergiy V. Korol
- Department
of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department
of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación
MEDINA, Avenida del Conocimiento
34, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria C. Ramos
- Fundación
MEDINA, Avenida del Conocimiento
34, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes de la Cruz
- Fundación
MEDINA, Avenida del Conocimiento
34, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Björn Glinghammar
- Department
Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Unit Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Safety, RISE Research Institutes
of Sweden, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lena Lenhammar
- Department
of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University
Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara R. Henderson
- Department
of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes
Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - Julia E. A. Mundy
- Department
of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes
Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - Anthony Maxwell
- Department
of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes
Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - Clare E. M. Stevenson
- Department
of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes
Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - David M. Lawson
- Department
of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes
Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - Guido V. Janssen
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Sterk
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia,. Phone: (+386)1476-9500. Fax: (+386)1425-8031
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6
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Translating the measurement of hERG kinetics and drug block for CiPA to a high throughput platform. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2022; 117:107192. [PMID: 35750310 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmic Assay (CiPA) has promoted use of in silico models of drug effects on cardiac repolarization to improve proarrhythmic risk prediction. These models contain a pharmacodynamic component describing drug binding to hERG channels that required in vitro data for kinetics of block, in addition to potency, to constrain them. To date, development and validation has been undertaken using data from manual patch-clamp. The application of this approach at scale requires the development of a high-throughput, automated patch-clamp (APC) implementation. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the Milnes, or CiPA dynamic protocol, on an APC platform, including quality control and data analysis. Kinetics and potency of block were assessed for bepridil, cisapride, terfenadine and verapamil with data retention/QC pass rate of 21.8% overall, or as high as 50.4% when only appropriate sweep lengths were considered for drugs with faster kinetics. The variability in IC50 and kinetics between manual and APC was comparable to that seen between sites/platforms in previous APC studies of potency. Whilst the experimental success is less than observed in screens of potency alone, it is still significantly greater than manual patch. With the modifications to protocol design, including sweep length, number of repetitions, and leak correction recommended in this study, this protocol can be applied on APC to acquire data comparable to manual patch clamp.
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7
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Chen L, He Y, Wang X, Ge J, Li H. Ventricular voltage-gated ion channels: Detection, characteristics, mechanisms, and drug safety evaluation. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e530. [PMID: 34709746 PMCID: PMC8516344 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) play critical roles in mediating cardiac electrophysiological signals, such as action potentials, to maintain normal heart excitability and contraction. Inherited or acquired alterations in the structure, expression, or function of VGICs, as well as VGIC-related side effects of pharmaceutical drug delivery can result in abnormal cellular electrophysiological processes that induce life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias or even sudden cardiac death. Hence, to reduce possible heart-related risks, VGICs must be acknowledged as important targets in drug discovery and safety studies related to cardiac disease. In this review, we first summarize the development and application of electrophysiological techniques that are employed in cardiac VGIC studies alone or in combination with other techniques such as cryoelectron microscopy, optical imaging and optogenetics. Subsequently, we describe the characteristics, structure, mechanisms, and functions of various well-studied VGICs in ventricular myocytes and analyze their roles in and contributions to both physiological cardiac excitability and inherited cardiac diseases. Finally, we address the implications of the structure and function of ventricular VGICs for drug safety evaluation. In summary, multidisciplinary studies on VGICs help researchers discover potential targets of VGICs and novel VGICs in heart, enrich their knowledge of the properties and functions, determine the operation mechanisms of pathological VGICs, and introduce groundbreaking trends in drug therapy strategies, and drug safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yue He
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesShanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital & Zhongshan‐xuhui Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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8
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Bell DC, Dallas ML. Advancing Ion Channel Research with Automated Patch Clamp (APC) Electrophysiology Platforms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1349:21-32. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Cadilla R, Deaton DN, Do Y, Elkins PA, Ennulat D, Guss JH, Holt J, Jeune MR, King AG, Klapwijk JC, Kramer HF, Kramer NJ, Laffan SB, Masuria PI, McDougal AV, Mortenson PN, Musetti C, Peckham GE, Pietrak BL, Poole C, Price DJ, Rendina AR, Sati G, Saxty G, Shearer BG, Shewchuk LM, Sneddon HF, Stewart EL, Stuart JD, Thomas DN, Thomson SA, Ward P, Wilson JW, Xu T, Youngman MA. The exploration of aza-quinolines as hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS) inhibitors with low brain exposure. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115791. [PMID: 33059303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GlaxoSmithKline and Astex Pharmaceuticals recently disclosed the discovery of the potent H-PGDS inhibitor GSK2894631A 1a (IC50 = 9.9 nM) as part of a fragment-based drug discovery collaboration with Astex Pharmaceuticals. This molecule exhibited good murine pharmacokinetics, allowing it to be utilized to explore H-PGDS pharmacology in vivo. Yet, with prolonged dosing at higher concentrations, 1a induced CNS toxicity. Looking to attenuate brain penetration in this series, aza-quinolines, were prepared with the intent of increasing polar surface area. Nitrogen substitutions at the 6- and 8-positions of the quinoline were discovered to be tolerated by the enzyme. Subsequent structure activity studies in these aza-quinoline scaffolds led to the identification of 1,8-naphthyridine 1y (IC50 = 9.4 nM) as a potent peripherally restricted H-PGDS inhibitor. Compound 1y is efficacious in four in vivo inflammatory models and exhibits no CNS toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Cadilla
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David N Deaton
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Young Do
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Patricia A Elkins
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Daniela Ennulat
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Guss
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jason Holt
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael R Jeune
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Andrew G King
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jan C Klapwijk
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - H Fritz Kramer
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kramer
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Susan B Laffan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Paresh I Masuria
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Alan V McDougal
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Paul N Mortenson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Caterina Musetti
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Gregory E Peckham
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Beth L Pietrak
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Chuck Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Daniel J Price
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alan R Rendina
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Girish Sati
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Gordon Saxty
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Barry G Shearer
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lisa M Shewchuk
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Helen F Sneddon
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Eugene L Stewart
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - J Darren Stuart
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dean N Thomas
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Stephen A Thomson
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Paris Ward
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Joseph W Wilson
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Tiahshun Xu
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mark A Youngman
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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10
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Zhang X, Wang B, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Du L. How to Fluorescently Label the Potassium Channel: A Case in hERG. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3046-3054. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181129094455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
hERG (Human ether-a-go-go-related gene) potassium channel, which plays an essential
role in cardiac action potential repolarization, is responsible for inherited and druginduced
long QT syndrome. Recently, the Cryo-EM structure capturing the open conformation
of hERG channel was determined, thus pushing the study on hERG channel at 3.8 Å
resolution. This report focuses primarily on summarizing the design rationale and application
of several fluorescent probes that target hERG channels, which enables dynamic and real-time
monitoring of potassium pore channel affinity to further advance the understanding of the
channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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11
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Cunningham F, Esquivias J, Fernández-Menéndez R, Pérez A, Guardia A, Escribano J, Rivero C, Vimal M, Cacho M, de Dios-Antón P, Martínez-Martínez MS, Jiménez E, Huertas Valentín L, Rebollo-López MJ, López-Román EM, Sousa-Morcuende V, Rullas J, Neu M, Chung CW, Bates RH. Exploring the SAR of the β-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase Inhibitor GSK3011724A and Optimization around a Genotoxic Metabolite. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1098-1109. [PMID: 32196311 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the course of optimizing a novel indazole sulfonamide series that inhibits β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KasA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a mutagenic aniline metabolite was identified. Further lead optimization efforts were therefore dedicated to eliminating this critical liability by removing the embedded aniline moiety or modifying its steric or electronic environment. While the narrow SAR space against the target ultimately rendered this goal unsuccessful, key structural knowledge around the binding site of this underexplored target for TB was generated to inform future discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Cunningham
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Esquivias
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Arancha Pérez
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guardia
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Escribano
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rivero
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mythily Vimal
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mónica Cacho
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paco de Dios-Antón
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Jiménez
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Eva María López-Román
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Rullas
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margaret Neu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Robert H. Bates
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Balabon O, Pitta E, Rogacki MK, Meiler E, Casanueva R, Guijarro L, Huss S, Lopez-Roman EM, Santos-Villarejo Á, Augustyns K, Ballell L, Aguirre DB, Bates RH, Cunningham F, Cacho M, Van der Veken P. Optimization of Hydantoins as Potent Antimycobacterial Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-Ribose Oxidase (DprE1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5367-5386. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Balabon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universitieitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleni Pitta
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universitieitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maciej K. Rogacki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universitieitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenia Meiler
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Casanueva
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Guijarro
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Huss
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Lopez-Roman
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universitieitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Barros Aguirre
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert H. Bates
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fraser Cunningham
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Cacho
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universitieitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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13
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Wang Y, Huang L, Jiang S, Wang Y, Zou J, Fu H, Yang S. Capsule Networks Showed Excellent Performance in the Classification of hERG Blockers/Nonblockers. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1631. [PMID: 32063849 PMCID: PMC6997788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsule networks (CapsNets), a new class of deep neural network architectures proposed recently by Hinton et al., have shown a great performance in many fields, particularly in image recognition and natural language processing. However, CapsNets have not yet been applied to drug discovery-related studies. As the first attempt, we in this investigation adopted CapsNets to develop classification models of hERG blockers/nonblockers; drugs with hERG blockade activity are thought to have a potential risk of cardiotoxicity. Two capsule network architectures were established: convolution-capsule network (Conv-CapsNet) and restricted Boltzmann machine-capsule networks (RBM-CapsNet), in which convolution and a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) were used as feature extractors, respectively. Two prediction models of hERG blockers/nonblockers were then developed by Conv-CapsNet and RBM-CapsNet with the Doddareddy's training set composed of 2,389 compounds. The established models showed excellent performance in an independent test set comprising 255 compounds, with prediction accuracies of 91.8 and 92.2% for Conv-CapsNet and RBM-CapsNet models, respectively. Various comparisons were also made between our models and those developed by other machine learning methods including deep belief network (DBN), convolutional neural network (CNN), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), logistic regression (LR), and LightGBM, and with different training sets. All the results showed that the models by Conv-CapsNet and RBM-CapsNet are among the best classification models. Overall, the excellent performance of capsule networks achieved in this investigation highlights their potential in drug discovery-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Basic Teaching Department, Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongguang Fu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Gupta P, Zhang GN, Barbuti AM, Zhang X, Karadkhelkar N, Zhou J, Ding K, Pan J, Yoganathan S, Yang DH, Chen ZS. Preclinical development of a novel BCR-ABL T315I inhibitor against chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Lett 2019; 472:132-141. [PMID: 31837444 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm primarily due to the presence of the BCR-ABL fusion gene that produces the constitutively active protein, BCR-ABL. Imatinib, a BCR-ABL-targeted drug, is a first-line drug for the treatment of CML. Resistance to imatinib occurs as a result of mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domains. In this study, we evaluated S116836, a novel BCR-ABL inhibitor, for its anti-cancer efficacy in the wild-type (WT) and T315I mutant BCR-ABL. S116836 was efficacious in BaF3 cells with WT or T315I mutated BCR-ABL genotypes. S116836 inhibits the phosphorylation of BCR-ABL and its downstream signaling in BaF3/WT and BaF3/T315I cells. Mechanistically, S116836 arrests the cells in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, induces apoptosis, increases ROS production, and decreases GSH production in BaF3/WT and BaF3/T315I cells. Moreover, in mouse tumor xenografts, S116836 significantly inhibits the growth and volume of tumors expressing the WT or T315I mutant BCR-ABL without causing significant cardiotoxicity. Overall, our results indicate that S116836 significantly inhibits the imatinib-resistant T315I BCR-ABL mutation and could be a novel drug candidate for treating imatinib-resistant CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Guan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Anna Maria Barbuti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Nishant Karadkhelkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jingfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sabesan Yoganathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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15
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Barrett TN, Taylor JA, Barker D, Procopiou PA, Thompson JDF, Barrett J, Le J, Lynn SM, Pogany P, Pratley C, Pritchard JM, Roper JA, Rowedder JE, Slack RJ, Vitulli G, Macdonald SJF, Kerr WJ. Profile of a Highly Selective Quaternized Pyrrolidine Betaine αvβ6 Integrin Inhibitor—(3S)-3-(3-(3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-4-((1S and 1R,3R)-1-methyl-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)ethyl)pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)butanoate Synthesized by Stereoselective Methylation. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7543-7556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim N. Barrett
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A. Taylor
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Barker
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - James D. F. Thompson
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - John Barrett
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Joelle Le
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sean M. Lynn
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Pogany
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Cassie Pratley
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Pritchard
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Roper
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Rowedder
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Slack
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Vitulli
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
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16
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Meier P, Battaglia N, Ertl P, Pirard B. 5,5- and 5,6-Membered Spirocyclic Indolinone Hit-Finding Libraries. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:528-536. [PMID: 31243976 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The production of two libraries based on spirocyclic indolinones is described. These libraries were selected from numerous spirocyclic indolinone scaffolds with a library evaluation procedure used routinely at Novartis, based on computed physicochemical properties and measured properties of prototype compounds. The library production yielded 176 and 428 compounds that could be isolated in sufficient amounts and purities based on two closely related scaffolds. The novelty and diversity analysis of these libraries shows their complementarity to the chemical space covered by the structures of the PubChem database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meier
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Battaglia
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Ertl
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Pirard
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Deaton DN, Do Y, Holt J, Jeune MR, Kramer HF, Larkin AL, Orband-Miller LA, Peckham GE, Poole C, Price DJ, Schaller LT, Shen Y, Shewchuk LM, Stewart EL, Stuart JD, Thomson SA, Ward P, Wilson JW, Xu T, Guss JH, Musetti C, Rendina AR, Affleck K, Anders D, Hancock AP, Hobbs H, Hodgson ST, Hutchinson J, Leveridge MV, Nicholls H, Smith IE, Somers DO, Sneddon HF, Uddin S, Cleasby A, Mortenson PN, Richardson C, Saxty G. The discovery of quinoline-3-carboxamides as hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1456-1478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Wang T, Chen X, Yu J, Du Q, Zhu J, Yang M, Wu H, Wang M, Zhu Y. High-Throughput Electrophysiology Screen Revealed Cardiotoxicity of Strychnine by Selectively Targeting hERG Channel. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1825-1840. [PMID: 30545237 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1850091x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the efficacy and the health care advantages of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) have become increasingly recognized worldwide, the potential side effects and toxicity still restrict its broader application. This study established and applied an integrated platform anchored on automatic patch clamp system to screen and evaluate a collection of CHM extracts, compositions and monomeric compounds for in vitro cardiac toxicity. Of 1036 CHM samples screened, 2.79% significantly inhibited hERG channel activity. Among them, Strychnine was identified for the first time as a potent hERG inhibitor with an IC 50 of 6.65±1.04μ M in comparison to that of Dofetilide at 1.80±0.24μ M and Quinidine at 7.42±0.54μ M. Langendorff-perfusion experiments confirmed that strychnine increased QT interphase from 71.69±5.34 ms to 98.61±5.54 ms and decreased heart rates from 227.65±5.40 bmp to 162.91±14.70 bmp in isolated rat hearts. The cardiac toxicity effect of strychnine appears to be specific to hERG channel since an in vitro multiplex imaging analysis showed that it did not affect cellular phenotypes such as cell vitality, nucleus area, mitochondria mass and function, nor intracellular calcium in rat primary myocytes. This integrated high-throughput hERG patch clamp and high-content multi-parameter imaging cardiac toxicity screen approach should be useful for large-scale preclinical evaluation of complex Chinese herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyi Wang
- 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China.,2 Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China.,2 Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China.,2 Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qunqun Du
- 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China.,2 Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China.,2 Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Yang
- 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China.,2 Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Honghua Wu
- 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China.,2 Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China.,2 Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- 1 Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China.,2 Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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19
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Rogacki MK, Pitta E, Balabon O, Huss S, Lopez-Roman EM, Argyrou A, Blanco-Ruano D, Cacho M, Vande Velde CML, Augustyns K, Ballell L, Barros D, Bates RH, Cunningham F, Van der Veken P. Identification and Profiling of Hydantoins-A Novel Class of Potent Antimycobacterial DprE1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11221-11249. [PMID: 30500189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death worldwide from infectious diseases. With the development of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, there is an acute need for new medicines with novel modes of action. Herein, we report the discovery and profiling of a novel hydantoin-based family of antimycobacterial inhibitors of the decaprenylphospho-β-d-ribofuranose 2-oxidase (DprE1). In this study, we have prepared a library of more than a 100 compounds and evaluated them for their biological and physicochemical properties. The series is characterized by high enzymatic and whole-cell activity, low cytotoxicity, and a good overall physicochemical profile. In addition, we show that the series acts via reversible inhibition of the DprE1 enzyme. Overall, the novel compound family forms an attractive base for progression to further stages of optimization and may provide a promising drug candidate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej K Rogacki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium.,Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eleni Pitta
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium.,Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Olga Balabon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium.,Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Sophie Huss
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eva Maria Lopez-Roman
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Argyrides Argyrou
- Platform Technology and Science , GlaxoSmithKline , Stevenage SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Delia Blanco-Ruano
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Monica Cacho
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Christophe M L Vande Velde
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, Advanced Reactor Technology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerpen , Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - David Barros
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Robert H Bates
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Fraser Cunningham
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus (TCMDC) , GlaxoSmithKline , Severo Ochoa 2 , Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid , Spain
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
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20
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Guardia A, Baiget J, Cacho M, Pérez A, Ortega-Guerra M, Nxumalo W, Khanye SD, Rullas J, Ortega F, Jiménez E, Pérez-Herrán E, Fraile-Gabaldón MT, Esquivias J, Fernández R, Porras-De Francisco E, Encinas L, Alonso M, Giordano I, Rivero C, Miguel-Siles J, Osende JG, Badiola KA, Rutledge PJ, Todd MH, Remuiñán M, Alemparte C. Easy-To-Synthesize Spirocyclic Compounds Possess Remarkable in Vivo Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11327-11340. [PMID: 30457865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Society urgently needs new, effective medicines for the treatment of tuberculosis. To kick-start the required hit-to-lead campaigns, the libraries of pharmaceutical companies have recently been evaluated for starting points. The GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) library yielded many high-quality hits, and the associated data were placed in the public domain to stimulate engagement by the wider community. One such series, the spiro compounds, are described here. The compounds were explored by a combination of traditional in-house research and open source methods. The series benefits from a particularly simple structure and a short associated synthetic chemistry route. Many members of the series displayed striking potency and low toxicity, and highly promising in vivo activity in a mouse model was confirmed with one of the analogues. Ultimately the series was discontinued due to concerns over safety, but the associated data remain public domain, empowering others to resume the series if the perceived deficiencies can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guardia
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jessica Baiget
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Mónica Cacho
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Arancha Pérez
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Montserrat Ortega-Guerra
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Winston Nxumalo
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Setshaba D Khanye
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Joaquín Rullas
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Fátima Ortega
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Esther Pérez-Herrán
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Jorge Esquivias
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Raquel Fernández
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Esther Porras-De Francisco
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lourdes Encinas
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Marta Alonso
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ilaria Giordano
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Cristina Rivero
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan Miguel-Siles
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier G Osende
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Katrina A Badiola
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Peter J Rutledge
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Matthew H Todd
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia.,School of Pharmacy , University College London , 29-39 Brunswick Square , London WC1N 1AX , U.K
| | - Modesto Remuiñán
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carlos Alemparte
- GlaxoSmithKline , Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Severo Ochoa 2 , 28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
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21
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Procopiou PA, Anderson NA, Barrett J, Barrett TN, Crawford MHJ, Fallon BJ, Hancock AP, Le J, Lemma S, Marshall RP, Morrell J, Pritchard JM, Rowedder JE, Saklatvala P, Slack RJ, Sollis SL, Suckling CJ, Thorp LR, Vitulli G, Macdonald SJF. Discovery of ( S)-3-(3-(3,5-Dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-4-(( R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)ethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic Acid, a Nonpeptidic α vβ 6 Integrin Inhibitor for the Inhaled Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8417-8443. [PMID: 30215258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-aryl(pyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic acids were synthesized using a diastereoselective route, via a rhodium catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids in the presence of ( R)-BINAP to a crotonate ester to provide the ( S) absolute configuration for the major product. A variety of aryl substituents including morpholine, pyrazole, triazole, imidazole, and cyclic ether were screened in cell adhesion assays for affinity against αvβ1, αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, and αvβ8 integrins. Numerous analogs with high affinity and selectivity for the αvβ6 integrin were identified. The analog ( S)-3-(3-(3,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-4-(( R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)ethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic acid hydrochloride salt was found to have very high affinity for αvβ6 integrin in a radioligand binding assay (p Ki = 11), a long dissociation half-life (7 h), very high solubility in saline at pH 7 (>71 mg/mL), and pharmacokinetic properties commensurate with inhaled dosing by nebulization. It was selected for further clinical investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow G1 1XL , Scotland, U.K
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22
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Synthesis and anti-staphylococcal activity of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors with a 5-amino-1,3-dioxane linker moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2477-2480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Deaton DN, Haffner CD, Henke BR, Jeune MR, Shearer BG, Stewart EL, Stuart JD, Ulrich JC. 2,4-Diamino-8-quinazoline carboxamides as novel, potent inhibitors of the NAD hydrolyzing enzyme CD38: Exploration of the 2-position structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2107-2150. [PMID: 29576271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Starting from 4-amino-8-quinoline carboxamide lead 1a and scaffold hopping to the chemically more tractable quinazoline, a systematic exploration of the 2-substituents of the quinazoline ring, utilizing structure activity relationships and conformational constraint, resulted in the identification of 39 novel CD38 inhibitors. Eight of these analogs were 10-100-fold more potent human CD38 inhibitors, including the single digit nanomolar inhibitor 1am. Several of these molecules also exhibited improved therapeutic indices relative to hERG activity. A representative analog 1r exhibited suitable pharmacokinetic parameters for in vivo animal studies, including moderate clearance and good oral bioavailability. These inhibitor compounds will aid in the exploration of the enzymatic functions of CD38, as well as furthering the study of the therapeutic implications of NAD enhancement in metabolic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Deaton
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Curt D Haffner
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Brad R Henke
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael R Jeune
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Barry G Shearer
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Eugene L Stewart
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - J Darren Stuart
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - John C Ulrich
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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24
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Correnti CE, Gewe MM, Mehlin C, Bandaranayake AD, Johnsen WA, Rupert PB, Brusniak MY, Clarke M, Burke SE, De Van Der Schueren W, Pilat K, Turnbaugh SM, May D, Watson A, Chan MK, Bahl CD, Olson JM, Strong RK. Screening, large-scale production and structure-based classification of cystine-dense peptides. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:270-278. [PMID: 29483648 PMCID: PMC5840021 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Peptides folded through interwoven disulfides display extreme biochemical properties and unique medicinal potential. However, their exploitation has been hampered by the limited amounts isolatable from natural sources and the expense of chemical synthesis. We developed reliable biological methods for high-throughput expression, screening and large-scale production of these peptides: 46 were successfully produced in multimilligram quantities, and >600 more were deemed expressible through stringent screening criteria. Many showed extreme resistance to temperature, proteolysis and/or reduction, and all displayed inhibitory activity against at least 1 of 20 ion channels tested, thus confirming their biological functionality. Crystal structures of 12 confirmed proper cystine topology and the utility of crystallography to study these molecules but also highlighted the need for rational classification. Previous categorization attempts have focused on limited subsets featuring distinct motifs. Here we present a global definition, classification and analysis of >700 structures of cystine-dense peptides, providing a unifying framework for these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E Correnti
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mesfin M Gewe
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Mehlin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashok D Bandaranayake
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William A Johnsen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter B Rupert
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mi-Youn Brusniak
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Midori Clarke
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Skyler E Burke
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kristina Pilat
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shanon M Turnbaugh
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Damon May
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Watson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Man Kid Chan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Roland K Strong
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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25
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Streit J, Kleinlogel S. Dynamic all-optical drug screening on cardiac voltage-gated ion channels. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1153. [PMID: 29348631 PMCID: PMC5773578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs) are prime targets for the pharmaceutical industry, but drug profiling on VGCs is challenging, since drug interactions are confined to specific conformational channel states mediated by changes in transmembrane potential. Here we combined various optogenetic tools to develop dynamic, high-throughput drug profiling assays with defined light-step protocols to interrogate VGC states on a millisecond timescale. We show that such light-induced electrophysiology (LiEp) yields high-quality pharmacological data with exceptional screening windows for drugs acting on the major cardiac VGCs, including hNav1.5, hKv1.5 and hERG. LiEp-based screening remained robust when using a variety of optogenetic actuators (ChR2, ChR2(H134R), CatCh, ChR2-EYFP-βArchT) and different types of organic (RH421, Di-4-ANBDQPQ, BeRST1) or genetic voltage sensors (QuasAr1). The tractability of LiEp allows a versatile and precise alternative to state-of-the-art VGC drug screening platforms such as automated electrophysiology or FLIPR readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Streit
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Kleinlogel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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26
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Annecchino LA, Schultz SR. Progress in automating patch clamp cellular physiology. Brain Neurosci Adv 2018; 2:2398212818776561. [PMID: 32166142 PMCID: PMC7058203 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818776561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patch clamp electrophysiology has transformed research in the life sciences over the last few decades. Since their inception, automatic patch clamp platforms have evolved considerably, demonstrating the capability to address both voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and showing the potential to play a pivotal role in drug discovery and biomedical research. Unfortunately, the cell suspension assays to which early systems were limited cannot recreate biologically relevant cellular environments, or capture higher order aspects of synaptic physiology and network dynamics. In vivo patch clamp electrophysiology has the potential to yield more biologically complex information and be especially useful in reverse engineering the molecular and cellular mechanisms of single-cell and network neuronal computation, while capturing important aspects of human disease mechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies. Unfortunately, it is a difficult procedure with a steep learning curve, which has restricted dissemination of the technique. Luckily, in vivo patch clamp electrophysiology seems particularly amenable to robotic automation. In this review, we document the development of automated patch clamp technology, from early systems based on multi-well plates through to automated planar-array platforms, and modern robotic platforms capable of performing two-photon targeted whole-cell electrophysiological recordings in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca A. Annecchino
- Centre for Neurotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon R. Schultz
- Centre for Neurotechnology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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27
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Bell DC, Dallas ML. Using automated patch clamp electrophysiology platforms in pain-related ion channel research: insights from industry and academia. Br J Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28622411 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated patch clamp (APC) technology was first developed at the turn of the millennium. The increased throughput it afforded promised a new paradigm in ion channel recordings, offering the potential to overcome the time-consuming, low-throughput bottleneck, arising from manual patch clamp investigations. This has relevance to the fast-paced development of novel therapies for chronic pain. This review highlights the advances in technology, using select examples that have facilitated APC usage in both industry and academia. It covers both first generation and the latest developments in second-generation platforms. In addition, it also provides an overview of the pain research field and how APC platforms have furthered our understanding of ion channel research and the development of pharmacological tools and therapeutics. APC platforms have much to offer to the ion channel research community, and this review highlights areas of best practice for both academia and industry. The impact of APC platforms and the prospects of ion channel research and improved therapeutics for chronic pain will be evaluated. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark L Dallas
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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28
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Venditti G, Poce G, Consalvi S, Biava M. 1,5-Diarylpyrroles as potent antitubercular and anti-inflammatory agents. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Sparling BA, Yi S, Able J, Bregman H, DiMauro EF, Foti RS, Gao H, Guzman-Perez A, Huang H, Jarosh M, Kornecook T, Ligutti J, Milgram BC, Moyer BD, Youngblood B, Yu VL, Weiss MM. Discovery and hit-to-lead evaluation of piperazine amides as selective, state-dependent Na V1.7 inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:744-754. [PMID: 30108793 PMCID: PMC6072352 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00578k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NaV1.7 is a particularly compelling target for the treatment of pain. Herein, we report the discovery and evaluation of a series of piperazine amides that exhibit state-dependent inhibition of NaV1.7. After demonstrating significant pharmacodynamic activity with early lead compound 14 in a NaV1.7-dependent behavioural mouse model, we systematically established SAR trends throughout each sector of the scaffold. The information gleaned from this modular analysis was then applied additively to quickly access analogues that encompass an optimal balance of properties, including NaV1.7 potency, selectivity over NaV1.5, aqueous solubility, and microsomal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Sparling
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - S Yi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - J Able
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - H Bregman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - Erin F DiMauro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - R S Foti
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - H Gao
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - A Guzman-Perez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - H Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - M Jarosh
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - T Kornecook
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - J Ligutti
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - B C Milgram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
| | - B D Moyer
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - B Youngblood
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - V L Yu
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - M M Weiss
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA .
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Didziapetris R, Lanevskij K. Compilation and physicochemical classification analysis of a diverse hERG inhibition database. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:1175-1188. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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van Meer BJ, Tertoolen LGJ, Mummery CL. Concise Review: Measuring Physiological Responses of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes to Drugs and Disease. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2008-15. [PMID: 27250776 PMCID: PMC5113667 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are of growing interest as models to understand mechanisms underlying genetic disease, identify potential drug targets and for safety pharmacology as they may predict human relevant effects more accurately and inexpensively than animals or other cell models. Crucial to their optimal use are accurate methods to quantify cardiomyocyte phenotypes accurately and reproducibly. Here, we review current methods for determining biophysical parameters of hPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) that recapitulate disease and drug responses. Even though hPSC‐CMs as currently available are immature, various biophysical methods are nevertheless already providing useful insights into the biology of the human heart and its maladies. Advantages and limitations of assays currently available looking toward applications of hPSC‐CMs are described with examples of how they have been used to date. This will help guide the choice of biophysical method to characterize healthy cardiomyocytes and their pathologies in vitro. Stem Cells2016;34:2008–2015
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend J van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leon G J Tertoolen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Brown DG. A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on the Hit‐to‐Lead Phase in the Current Era of Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527677047.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Cerne R, Wakulchik M, Krambis MJ, Burris KD, Priest BT. IonWorks Barracuda Assay for Assessment of State-Dependent Sodium Channel Modulators. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:84-92. [PMID: 26844665 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels represent important drug targets. The implementation of higher throughput electrophysiology assays is necessary to characterize the interaction of test compounds with several conformational states of the channel, but has presented significant challenges. We describe a novel high throughput approach to assess the effects of test agents on voltage-gated sodium currents. The multiple protocol mode of the automated electrophysiology instrument IonWorks Barracuda was used to control the level of inactivation and monitor current stability. Good temporal stability of currents and spatial uniformity of inactivation were obtained by optimizing the experimental conditions. The resulting assay allowed for robust assessment of state-dependent effects of test agents and enabled direct comparison of compound potency across several sodium channel subtypes at equivalent levels of inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Cerne
- Eli Lilly & Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
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34
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High throughput screening technologies for ion channels. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:34-43. [PMID: 26657056 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are involved in a variety of fundamental physiological processes, and their malfunction causes numerous human diseases. Therefore, ion channels represent a class of attractive drug targets and a class of important off-targets for in vitro pharmacological profiling. In the past decades, the rapid progress in developing functional assays and instrumentation has enabled high throughput screening (HTS) campaigns on an expanding list of channel types. Chronologically, HTS methods for ion channels include the ligand binding assay, flux-based assay, fluorescence-based assay, and automated electrophysiological assay. In this review we summarize the current HTS technologies for different ion channel classes and their applications.
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Cerne R, Wakulchik M, Li B, Burris KD, Priest BT. Optimization of a High-Throughput Assay for Calcium Channel Modulators on IonWorks Barracuda. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2015; 14:75-83. [PMID: 26716356 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels represent important drug targets. The implementation of higher throughput electrophysiology assays is necessary to characterize the interaction of test compounds with several conformational states of the channel, but has presented significant challenges. We report on the development of a high-throughput, automated electrophysiology assay for Cav2.2 on the IonWorks Barracuda™ platform. The assay provides an assessment of the potency of the test compound on the resting/closed and inactivated states of the channel in the same assay run. Inclusion of the heavy metal chelator 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propane-1-sulfonate in the assay solutions improved the data quality by reversing a loss of current seen in wells directly above the ground electrodes. We hypothesize that the loss of current is caused by block of Cav2.2 currents by silver ions originating from the electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Cerne
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Baolin Li
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
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36
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Obergrussberger A, Bru ggemann A, Goetze TA, Rapedius M, Haarmann C, Rinke I, Becker N, Oka T, Ohtsuki A, Stengel T, Vogel M, Steindl J, Mueller M, Stiehler J, George M, Fertig N. Automated Patch Clamp Meets High-Throughput Screening: 384 Cells Recorded in Parallel on a Planar Patch Clamp Module. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:779-793. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215623209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hassinen M, Haverinen J, Vornanen M. Molecular basis and drug sensitivity of the delayed rectifier (IKr) in the fish heart. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26215639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fishes are increasingly used as models for human cardiac diseases, creating a need for a better understanding of the molecular basis of fish cardiac ion currents. To this end we cloned KCNH6 channel of the crucian carp (Carassius carassius) that produces the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K(+) current (IKr), the main repolarising current of the fish heart. KCNH6 (ccErg2) was the main isoform of the Kv11 potassium channel family with relative transcript levels of 98.9% and 99.6% in crucian carp atrium and ventricle, respectively. KCNH2 (ccErg1), an orthologue to human cardiac Erg (Herg) channel, was only slightly expressed in the crucian carp heart. The native atrial IKr and the cloned ccErg2 were inhibited by similar concentrations of verapamil, terfenadine and KB-R7943 (P>0.05), while the atrial IKr was about an order of magnitude more sensitive to E-4031 than ccErg2 (P<0.05) suggesting that some accessory β-subunits may be involved. Sensitivity of the crucian carp atrial IKr to E-4031, terfenadine and KB-R7943 was similar to what has been reported for the Herg channel. In contrast, the sensitivity of the crucian carp IKr to verapamil was approximately 30 times higher than the previously reported values for the Herg current. In conclusion, the cardiac IKr is produced by non-orthologous gene products in fish (Erg2) and mammalian hearts (Erg1) and some marked differences exist in drug sensitivity between fish and mammalian Erg1/2 which need to be taken into account when using fish heart as a model for human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Hassinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Haverinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matti Vornanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Vijayvergiya V, Acharya S, Poulos J, Schmidt J. Single channel and ensemble hERG conductance measured in droplet bilayers. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:12. [PMID: 25653065 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) encodes the potassium channel Kv11.1, which plays a key role in the cardiac action potential and has been implicated in cardiac disorders as well as a number of off-target pharmaceutical interactions. The electrophysiology of this channel has been predominantly studied using patch clamp, but lipid bilayers have the potential to offer some advantages, including apparatus simplicity, ease of use, and the ability to control the membrane and solution compositions. We made membrane preparations from hERG-expressing cells and measured them using droplet bilayers, allowing measurement of channel ensemble currents and 13.5 pS single channel currents. These currents were ion selective and were blockable by E-4031 and dofetilide in a dose-dependent manner, allowing determination of IC50 values of 17 nM and 9.65 μM for E-4031 and dofetilide, respectively. We also observed time- and voltage- dependent currents following step changes in applied potential that were similar to previously reported patch clamp measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viksita Vijayvergiya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Becherer JD, Boros EE, Carpenter TY, Cowan DJ, Deaton DN, Haffner CD, Jeune MR, Kaldor IW, Poole JC, Preugschat F, Rheault TR, Schulte CA, Shearer BG, Shearer TW, Shewchuk LM, Smalley TL, Stewart EL, Stuart JD, Ulrich JC. Discovery of 4-Amino-8-quinoline Carboxamides as Novel, Submicromolar Inhibitors of NAD-Hydrolyzing Enzyme CD38. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7021-56. [PMID: 26267483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the micromolar 8-quinoline carboxamide high-throughput screening hit 1a, a systematic exploration of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the 4-, 6-, and 8-substituents of the quinoline ring resulted in the identification of approximately 10-100-fold more potent human CD38 inhibitors. Several of these molecules also exhibited pharmacokinetic parameters suitable for in vivo animal studies, including low clearances and decent oral bioavailability. Two of these CD38 inhibitors, 1ah and 1ai, were shown to elevate NAD tissue levels in liver and muscle in a diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mouse model. These inhibitor tool compounds will enable further biological studies of the CD38 enzyme as well as the investigation of the therapeutic implications of NAD enhancement in disease models of abnormally low NAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Becherer
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Eric E Boros
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Tiffany Y Carpenter
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - David J Cowan
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - David N Deaton
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Curt D Haffner
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Michael R Jeune
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Istvan W Kaldor
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - J Chuck Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Frank Preugschat
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Tara R Rheault
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Christie A Schulte
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Barry G Shearer
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Todd W Shearer
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lisa M Shewchuk
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Terrence L Smalley
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Eugene L Stewart
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - J Darren Stuart
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - John C Ulrich
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development , 5 Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Mirams GR, Davies MR, Brough SJ, Bridgland-Taylor MH, Cui Y, Gavaghan DJ, Abi-Gerges N. Prediction of Thorough QT study results using action potential simulations based on ion channel screens. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 70:246-54. [PMID: 25087753 PMCID: PMC4266452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection of drug-induced pro-arrhythmic risk is a primary concern for pharmaceutical companies and regulators. Increased risk is linked to prolongation of the QT interval on the body surface ECG. Recent studies have shown that multiple ion channel interactions can be required to predict changes in ventricular repolarisation and therefore QT intervals. In this study we attempt to predict the result of the human clinical Thorough QT (TQT) study, using multiple ion channel screening which is available early in drug development. METHODS Ion current reduction was measured, in the presence of marketed drugs which have had a TQT study, for channels encoded by hERG, CaV1.2, NaV1.5, KCNQ1/MinK, and Kv4.3/KChIP2.2. The screen was performed on two platforms - IonWorks Quattro (all 5 channels, 34 compounds), and IonWorks Barracuda (hERG & CaV1.2, 26 compounds). Concentration-effect curves were fitted to the resulting data, and used to calculate a percentage reduction in each current at a given concentration. Action potential simulations were then performed using the ten Tusscher and Panfilov (2006), Grandi et al. (2010) and O'Hara et al. (2011) human ventricular action potential models, pacing at 1Hz and running to steady state, for a range of concentrations. RESULTS We compared simulated action potential duration predictions with the QT prolongation observed in the TQT studies. At the estimated concentrations, simulations tended to underestimate any observed QT prolongation. When considering a wider range of concentrations, and conventional patch clamp rather than screening data for hERG, prolongation of ≥5ms was predicted with up to 79% sensitivity and 100% specificity. DISCUSSION This study provides a proof-of-principle for the prediction of human TQT study results using data available early in drug development. We highlight a number of areas that need refinement to improve the method's predictive power, but the results suggest that such approaches will provide a useful tool in cardiac safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Mirams
- Computational Biology, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK.
| | - Mark R Davies
- Clinical Informatics, R&D Information, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Stephen J Brough
- Screening & Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Yi Cui
- Safety Evaluation and Risk Management, Global Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline, Middlesex UB11 1BT, UK
| | - David J Gavaghan
- Computational Biology, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Najah Abi-Gerges
- Translational Safety Department, Drug Safety & Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, UK
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Danker T, Möller C. Early identification of hERG liability in drug discovery programs by automated patch clamp. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:203. [PMID: 25228880 PMCID: PMC4151236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the cardiac ion channel coded by human ether-à-gogo-related gene (hERG) can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, which has become a major concern in drug discovery and development. Automated electrophysiological patch clamp allows assessment of hERG channel effects early in drug development to aid medicinal chemistry programs and has become routine in pharmaceutical companies. However, a number of potential sources of errors in setting up hERG channel assays by automated patch clamp can lead to misinterpretation of data or false effects being reported. This article describes protocols for automated electrophysiology screening of compound effects on the hERG channel current. Protocol details and the translation of criteria known from manual patch clamp experiments to automated patch clamp experiments to achieve good quality data are emphasized. Typical pitfalls and artifacts that may lead to misinterpretation of data are discussed. While this article focuses on hERG channel recordings using the QPatch (Sophion A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) technology, many of the assay and protocol details given in this article can be transferred for setting up different ion channel assays by automated patch clamp and are similar on other planar patch clamp platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clemens Möller
- Life Sciences Faculty, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences Sigmaringen, Germany
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42
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Predicting changes in cardiac myocyte contractility during early drug discovery with in vitro assays. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McPate M, Bhalay G, Beckett M, Fairbrother S, Gosling M, Groot-Kormelink PJ, Lane R, Kent T, Van Diepen MT, Tranter P, Verkuyl JM. The Development of Automated Patch Clamp Assays for Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channels TRPC3, 6, and 7. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2014; 12:282-92. [PMID: 24906109 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2014.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark McPate
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdip Bhalay
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Beckett
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Fairbrother
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Gosling
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Groot-Kormelink
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lane
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Kent
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Michiel T. Van Diepen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Tranter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - J. Martin Verkuyl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, United Kingdom
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Heijman J, Voigt N, Carlsson LG, Dobrev D. Cardiac safety assays. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 15:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
This unit provides an overview of the principal electrophysiological techniques commonly used for the study of ionic currents and the ion channels that mediate them. These techniques include electroencephalograms (EEGs), electrocardiograms (ECGs), single- and multiunit extracellular recording, multielectrode arrays, transepithelial recording, impedance measurements, and current-clamp, voltage-clamp, patch-clamp, and lipid bilayer recording. The unit also discusses recent advances in high-throughput, automated electrophysiological techniques for drug discovery and the use of stem cells as a tissue source.
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46
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Townsend C, Brown BS. Predicting drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes: a review of preclinical endpoint measures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 10:Unit 10.16. [PMID: 23744708 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph1016s61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Compound-induced prolongation of the cardiac QT interval is a major concern in drug development and this unit discusses approaches that can predict QT effects prior to undertaking clinical trials. The majority of compounds that prolong the QT interval block the cardiac rapid delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr (hERG). Described in this overview are different ways to measure hERG, from recent advances in automated electrophysiology to the quantification of channel protein trafficking and binding. The contribution of other cardiac ion channels to hERG data interpretation is also discussed. In addition, endpoint measures of the integrated activity of cardiac ion channels at the single-cell, tissue, and whole-animal level, including for example the well-established action potential to the more recent beat-to-beat variability, transmural dispersion of repolarization, and field potential duration, are described in the context of their ability to predict QT prolongation and torsadogenicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Townsend
- GlaxoSmithKline Biological Reagents and Assay Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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47
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Elkins RC, Davies MR, Brough SJ, Gavaghan DJ, Cui Y, Abi-Gerges N, Mirams GR. Variability in high-throughput ion-channel screening data and consequences for cardiac safety assessment. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 68:112-22. [PMID: 23651875 PMCID: PMC4135079 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Unwanted drug interactions with ionic currents in the heart can lead to an increased proarrhythmic risk to patients in the clinic. It is therefore a priority for safety pharmacology teams to detect block of cardiac ion channels, and new technologies have enabled the development of automated and high-throughput screening assays using cell lines. As a result of screening multiple ion-channels there is a need to integrate information, particularly for compounds affecting more than one current, and mathematical electrophysiology in-silico action potential models are beginning to be used for this. Methods We quantified the variability associated with concentration-effect curves fitted to recordings from high-throughput Molecular Devices IonWorks® Quattro™ screens when detecting block of IKr (hERG), INa (NaV1.5), ICaL (CaV1.2), IKs (KCNQ1/minK) and Ito (Kv4.3/KChIP2.2), and the Molecular Devices FLIPR® Tetra fluorescence screen for ICaL (CaV1.2), for control compounds used at AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline. We examined how screening variability propagates through in-silico action potential models for whole cell electrical behaviour, and how confidence intervals on model predictions can be estimated with repeated simulations. Results There are significant levels of variability associated with high-throughput ion channel electrophysiology screens. This variability is of a similar magnitude for different cardiac ion currents and different compounds. Uncertainty in the Hill coefficients of reported concentration-effect curves is particularly high. Depending on a compound’s ion channel blocking profile, the uncertainty introduced into whole-cell predictions can become significant. Discussion Our technique allows confidence intervals to be placed on computational model predictions that are based on high-throughput ion channel screens. This allows us to suggest when repeated screens should be performed to reduce uncertainty in a compound’s action to acceptable levels, to allow a meaningful interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Elkins
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
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