1
|
Gormley A, Jang KB, Garavito-Duarte Y, Deng Z, Kim SW. Impacts of Maternal Nutrition on Sow Performance and Potential Positive Effects on Piglet Performance. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1858. [PMID: 38997970 PMCID: PMC11240334 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this review are to identify the nutritional challenges faced by modern sows and present potential solutions to mitigate excessive maternal tissue loss and reproductive failure as it relates to recent genetic improvements. Current feeding programs have limitations to support the rapid genetic improvements in reproductive performance for modern sows. Since 2012, both litter size at birth and fetal weight have increased by 2.26 pigs per litter and 0.22 kg per piglet, respectively, thereby increasing the nutrient needs for sows during gestation and lactation. Prediction models generated in this review predict that modern sows would need 31% more lysine during gestation when compared with current feeding programs. Physiological challenges facing modern sows are also addressed in this review. High oxidative stress, pelvic organ prolapse, and lameness can directly affect the sow, whereas these physiological challenges can have negative impacts on colostrum and milk quality. In response, there is growing interest in investigating the functional roles of select bioactive compounds as feed additives to mitigate the severity of these challenges. Selenium sources, catechins, and select plant extracts have been utilized to reduce oxidative stress, calcium chloride and phytase have been used to mitigate pelvic organ prolapse and lameness, algae and yeast derivatives have been used to improve colostrum and milk quality, and fiber sources and probiotics have been commonly utilized to improve sow intestinal health. Collectively, this review demonstrates the unique challenges associated with managing the feeding programs for modern sows and the opportunities for revision of the amino acid requirements as well as the use of select bioactive compounds to improve reproductive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (A.G.); (K.B.J.); (Y.G.-D.); (Z.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Liu P, Yu H, Ling M, Ma M, Wang Q, Tang X, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Comparative analysis of the intestinal flora of BmNPV-resistant and BmNPV-sensitive silkworm varieties. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106649. [PMID: 38636568 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a very common and infectious virus that affects silkworms and hinders silk production. To investigate the intestinal flora of BmNPV-resistant and BmNPV-sensitive silkworm varieties, 16 S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was performed. The results of the cluster analysis showed that the intestinal flora of the resistant silkworm variety was more abundant than that of the sensitive silkworm variety. This was found even when infection with BmNPV caused a sharp decline in the number of intestinal floral species in both resistant and sensitive silkworm varieties. The abundances of the intestinal flora, including Aureimonas, Ileibacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, and Halomonas, in the resistant variety were considerably greater after infection with BmNPV than those in the sensitive variety. After infection with BmNPV, four kinds of important intestinal bacteria, namely, f_Saccharimonadaceae, Peptostreptococcus, Aureirmonas, and f_Rhizobiaceae, were found in the resistant silkworm variety. In the sensitive silkworm variety, only Faecalibaculum was an important intestinal bacterium. The differential or important bacteria mentioned above might be involved in immunoreaction or antiviral activities, especially in the intestines of BmNPV-resistant silkworms. By conducting a functional enrichment analysis, we found that BmNPV infection did not change the abundance of important functional components of the intestinal flora in resistant or sensitive silkworm varieties. However, some functional factors, such as the biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism of secondary metabolites (e.g., terpenoids and polyketides) and lipid transport and metabolism, were more important in the resistant silkworm variety than in the sensitive variety; thus, these factors may increase the resistance of the host to BmNPV. To summarize, we found significant differences in the composition, abundance, and function of the intestinal flora between resistant and sensitive silkworm varieties, especially after infection with BmNPV, which might be closely related to the resistance of resistant silkworm varieties to BmNPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Pai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Haodong Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Min Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mingzhen Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xudong Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi J, Zhao G, Huang X, Li X, Ma Y, Yang K. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity of Newborn Foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 129:104501. [DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
|
4
|
Shi J, Zhao G, Huang X, Li X, Ma Y, Yang K. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity of Newborn Foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 129:104501. [PMID: 37737196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation on the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of foals. Fifteen newborn foals with similar birth weight (51.67 ± 6.07 kg) and good health were randomly assigned to three groups: control group and test groups I and II, which were supplemented with 5.0 × 109 CFU/day and 1.0 × 1010 CFU/day LGG, respectively, for 150 days. LGG intake increased the daily body height (P < .01) and weight (P < .01) gain of foals aged 120 to 150 days. The foals' IgA (P < .05) and IgG (P < .01) plasma levels increased at 30 and 150 days, respectively, and IL-6 plasma level increased at 90 days (P < .01). Plasma total antioxidant capacity level was significantly higher in test group I than in the control and test group II at 30 days (P < .01), whereas glutathione peroxidase level was significantly higher in test group II than in the control and test group I at 30 days (P < .01). Both test groups had significantly higher superoxide dismutase level than the control group (P < .01) and significantly decreased malondialdehyde plasma level at 90 and 150 days (P < .05). Overall, our findings indicate that dietary supplementation of LGG can improve the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of newborn foals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Zhaosu animal Husbandry and Veterinary Development Center, Yili, China
| | - Kailun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin S, He L, Yang C, He X, Chen H, Feng Y, Tang W, Li J, Liu D, Li T. Crosstalk between trace elements and T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1994-2005. [PMID: 37300752 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With gradual ban on the use of antibiotics, the deficiency and excessive use of trace elements in intestinal health is gaining attention. In mammals, trace elements are essential for the development of the immune system, specifically T-cell proliferation, and differentiation. However, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the effects of certain trace elements on T-cell immune phenotypes and functions in pigs. In this review, we summarize the specificity, development, subpopulations, and responses to pathogens of porcine T cells and the effects of functional trace elements (e.g., iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) on intestinal T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs. Furthermore, we discuss the current trends of research on the crosstalk mechanisms between trace elements and T-cell immunity. The present review expands our knowledge of the association between trace elements and T-cell immunity and provides an opportunity to utilize the metabolism of trace elements as a target to treat various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Chenbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Xinmiao He
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Heshu Chen
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yanzhong Feng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Tiejun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma L, Wang L, Zhang Z, Xiao D. Research Progress of Biological Feed in Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2662. [PMID: 37627453 PMCID: PMC10451282 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological feed is a feed product developed through bioengineering technologies such as fermentation engineering, enzyme engineering, protein engineering, and genetic engineering. It possesses functional characteristics of high nutritional value and good palatability that can improve feed utilization, replace antibiotics, enhance the health level of livestock and poultry, improve the quality of livestock products, and promote a better breeding environment. A comprehensive review is provided on the types of biological feed, their mechanism of action, fermenting strains, fermenting raw material resources, and their current status in animal production to facilitate in-depth research and development of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dingfu Xiao
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.M.); (L.W.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardelle-Cobas A, Coy-Girón L, Cepeda A, Nebot C. Swine Production: Probiotics as an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotics. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal food production is one of the most powerful European economic sectors; however, this sector is facing new challenge due to the development of bacteria with resistant genes, and consequently, restriction on the administration of antibiotics. Limitation, at the moment, is focused on those antibiotics employed in human medicines. Therefore, it is necessary to improve as much as possible animals’ health and reduce diseases. Among others, alternatives include adequate animal handling, hygienic facilities, quality food, or vaccines. Probiotics also arise as a good alternative due to their already known properties as intestinal microbiota modulators, improving the immune functions and reducing the risk and the development of illness. Significant data can found scientific literature that demonstrates probiotics benefits when they are administrated to the animals through diet. However, to be able to apply all these findings in a specific animal species, at a particular production animal life stage and at a industrialize scale, it is necessary to compile and organize reported information. This chapter presents the most recent and relevant finding on the use of probiotics in swine production.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shao Y, Zhen W, Guo F, Hu Z, Zhang K, Kong L, Guo Y, Wang Z. Pretreatment with probiotics Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium-induced gut injury through modulating intestinal microbiome and immune responses with barrier function in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:130. [PMID: 36221113 PMCID: PMC9555120 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing Salmonella infection and colonization in young birds is key to improving poultry gut health and reducing Salmonella contamination of poultry products and decreasing salmonellosis for human consumption (poultry meat and eggs). Probiotics can improve poultry health. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of a probiotics, Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 (E. faecium NCIMB 11181) on the intestinal mucosal immune responses, microbiome and barrier function in the presence or absence of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium, ST) infection. Methods Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Salmonella-free male broiler chickens (Arbor Acres AA+) were randomly allocated to four groups with 6 replicate cages of 10 birds each. The four experimental groups were follows: (1) negative control (NC), (2) S. Typhimurium, challenged positive control (PC), (3) the E. faecium NCIMB 11181-treated group (EF), (4) the E. faecium NCIMB 11181-treated and S. Typhimurium-challenged group (PEF). Results Results indicated that, although continuous feeding E. faecium NCIMB 11181 did not obviously alleviate growth depression caused by S. Typhimurium challenge (P > 0.05), E. faecium NCIMB 11181 addition significantly blocked Salmonella intestinal colonization and translocation (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplemental E. faecium NCIMB 11181 to the infected chickens remarkably attenuated gut morphological structure damage and intestinal cell apoptosis induced by S. Typhimurium infection, as evidenced by increasing gut villous height and reducing intestinal TUNEL-positive cell numbers (P < 0.05). Also, E. faecium NCIMB 11181 administration notably promoting the production of anti-Salmonella antibodies in intestinal mucosa and serum of the infected birds (P < 0.05). Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that E. faecium NCIMB 11181 supplementation ameliorated S. Typhimurium infection-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by enriching Lachnospiracease and Alistipes levels, and suppressing Barnesiella abundance. Predicted function analysis indicated that the functional genes of cecal microbiome involved in C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycerolipid metabolism and lysine biosynthesis were enriched in the infected chickens given E. faecium NCIMB 11181. While alanine, asparate and glutamate metabolism; MAPK signal pathway-yeast; ubiquine and other terpenoid-quinore biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum; as well as glutathione metabolism were suppressed by E. faecium NCIMB 11181 addition. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggested that dietary E. faecium NCIBM 11181 supplementation could ameliorate S. Typhimurium infection-induced gut injury in broiler chickens. Our findings also suggest that E. faecium NCIMB 11181 may serve as an effective non-antibiotic feed additive for improving gut health and controlling Salmonella infection in broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Shao
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Province of Henan, Luoyang, China
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichen Zhang
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Linhua Kong
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Canibe N, Højberg O, Kongsted H, Vodolazska D, Lauridsen C, Nielsen TS, Schönherz AA. Review on Preventive Measures to Reduce Post-Weaning Diarrhoea in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2585. [PMID: 36230326 PMCID: PMC9558551 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In many countries, medical levels of zinc (typically as zinc oxide) are added to piglet diets in the first two weeks post-weaning to prevent the development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD). However, high levels of zinc constitute an environmental polluting agent, and may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria. Consequently, the EU banned administering medical levels of zinc in pig diets as of June 2022. However, this may result in an increased use of antibiotic therapeutics to combat PWD and thereby an increased risk of further AMR development. The search for alternative measures against PWD with a minimum use of antibiotics and in the absence of medical levels of zinc has therefore been intensified over recent years, and feed-related measures, including feed ingredients, feed additives, and feeding strategies, are being intensively investigated. Furthermore, management strategies have been developed and are undoubtedly relevant; however, these will not be addressed in this review. Here, feed measures (and vaccines) are addressed, these being probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, proteobiotics, plants and plant extracts (in particular essential oils and tannins), macroalgae (particularly macroalgae-derived polysaccharides), dietary fibre, antimicrobial peptides, specific amino acids, dietary fatty acids, milk replacers, milk components, creep feed, vaccines, bacteriophages, and single-domain antibodies (nanobodies). The list covers measures with a rather long history and others that require significant development before their eventual use can be extended. To assess the potential of feed-related measures in combating PWD, the literature reviewed here has focused on studies reporting parameters of PWD (i.e., faeces score and/or faeces dry matter content during the first two weeks post-weaning). Although the impact on PWD (or related parameters) of the investigated measures may often be inconsistent, many studies do report positive effects. However, several studies have shown that control pigs do not suffer from diarrhoea, making it difficult to evaluate the biological and practical relevance of these improvements. From the reviewed literature, it is not possible to rank the efficacy of the various measures, and the efficacy most probably depends on a range of factors related to animal genetics and health status, additive doses used, composition of the feed, etc. We conclude that a combination of various measures is probably most recommendable in most situations. However, in this respect, it should be considered that combining strategies may lead to additive (e.g., synbiotics), synergistic (e.g., plant materials), or antagonistic (e.g., algae compounds) effects, requiring detailed knowledge on the modes of action in order to design effective strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Canibe
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghazisaeedi F, Meens J, Hansche B, Maurischat S, Schwerk P, Goethe R, Wieler LH, Fulde M, Tedin K. A virulence factor as a therapeutic: the probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 arginine deiminase inhibits innate immune signaling pathways. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2106105. [PMID: 35921516 PMCID: PMC9351580 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic bacterial strain Enterococcus faecium SF68 has been shown to alleviate symptoms of intestinal inflammation in human clinical trials and animal feed supplementation studies. To identify factors involved in immunomodulatory effects on host cells, E. faecium SF68 and other commensal and clinical Enterococcus isolates were screened using intestinal epithelial cell lines harboring reporter fusions for NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) activation to determine the responses of host cell innate immune signaling pathways when challenged with bacterial protein and cell components. Cell-free, whole-cell lysates of E. faecium SF68 showed a reversible, inhibitory effect on both NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) signaling pathway activation in intestinal epithelial cells and abrogated the response to bacterial and other Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. The inhibitory effect was species-specific, and was not observed for E. avium, E. gallinarum, or E. casseliflavus. Screening of protein fractions of E. faecium SF68 lysates yielded an active fraction containing a prominent protein identified as arginine deiminase (ADI). The E. faecium SF68 arcA gene encoding arginine deiminase was cloned and introduced into E. avium where it conferred the same NF-κB inhibitory effects on intestinal epithelial cells as seen for E. faecium SF68. Our results indicate that the arginine deiminase of E. faecium SF68 is responsible for inhibition of host cell NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) pathway activation, and is likely to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects observed in prior clinical human and animal trials. The implications for the use of this probiotic strain for preventive and therapeutic purposes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ghazisaeedi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bianca Hansche
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Sanofi-AventisGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Maurischat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schwerk
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lothar H. Wieler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Tedin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,CONTACT Karsten Tedin Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse7, Berlin14163Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi Z, Guan N, Sun W, Sun T, Niu L, Li J, Ge J. Protective Effect of Levilactobacillus brevis Against Yersinia enterocolitica Infection in Mouse Model via Regulating MAPK and NF-κB Pathway. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:830-844. [PMID: 35665480 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the use of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus for the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria has received increasing attention in recent years, its mechanism remains incompletely understood. Levilactobacillus brevis 23017 is a select probiotic strain that can regulate the immunity of host animals and resist pathogen infections. In this study, we analyzed the effect of L. brevis 23017 on Yersinia enterocolitica intestinal infection in a BALB/c mouse model and discussed its underlying mechanism. We found that in the mouse model, L. brevis 23017 prevented the damage of villi in the small intestine and decelerated weight loss after Y. enterocolitica infection. Moreover, we focused on the mechanism of the protective effect of L. brevis 23017 from the perspective of the damage and repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier. We observed that L. brevis 23017 maintained a normal mucosal barrier by altering the expression of tight junction proteins. Notably, our results indicated that L. brevis 23017 effectively promoted the secretion of the intestine-specific secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) by B cells via regulating cytokines and oxidative damage levels. This mechanism may be the reason for its protective role in Y. enterocolitica infection. In addition, our results demonstrated that the mechanism of L. brevis 23017 was related to antibacterial colonization and inflammation regulation and closely related to antioxidative stress and SIgA promotion. The protective effect of L. brevis 23017 on mice was related to the signaling pathway protein p38 MAPK and the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB. Our study provided novel insight into the mechanism of Lactobacillus against pathogenic bacterial infections. Such insight is of great importance for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Naiyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Weijiao Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tianzhi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lingdi Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jarosz ŁS, Ciszewski A, Marek A, Hejdysz M, Nowaczewski S, Grądzki Z, Michalak K, Kwiecień M, Rysiak A. The effect of the multi-strain probiotic preparation EM Bokashi® on selected parameters of the cellular immune response in pigs. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.2006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz S. Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Ciszewski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Sub-Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Hejdysz
- Department of Animal Breeding And Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Nowaczewski
- Department of Animal Breeding And Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Grądzki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rysiak
- Department of Botany, Mycology, and Ecology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shridhar PB, Amachawadi RG, Tokach M, Patel I, Gangiredla J, Mammel M, Nagaraja TG. Whole genome sequence analyses-based assessment of virulence potential and antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from commercial swine and cattle probiotic products. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6527694. [PMID: 35150575 PMCID: PMC8908542 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is one of the more commonly used bacterial species as a probiotic in animals. The organism, a common inhabitant of the gut of animals and humans, is a major nosocomial pathogen responsible for a variety infections in humans and sporadic infections in animals. In swine and cattle, E. faecium-based probiotic products are used for growth promotion and gut functional and health benefits. The objective of this study was to utilize whole genome sequence-based analysis to assess virulence potential, detect antimicrobial resistance genes, and analyze phylogenetic relationships of E. faecium strains from commercial swine and cattle probiotics. Genomic DNA extracted from E. faecium strains, isolated from commercial probiotic products of swine (n = 9) and cattle (n = 13), were sequenced in an Illumina MiSeq platform and analyzed. Seven of the nine swine strains and seven of the 13 cattle strains were identified as Enterococcus lactis, and not as E. faecium. None of the 22 probiotic strains carried major virulence genes required to initiate infections, but many carried genes involved in adhesion to host cells, which may benefit the probiotic strains to colonize and persist in the gut. Strains also carried genes encoding resistance to a few medically important antibiotics, which included aminoglycosides [aac(6')-Ii, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia], macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (msrC), tetracyclines [tet(L) and tet(M)], and phenicols [cat-(pc194)]. The comparison of the genotypic to phentypic AMR data showed presence of both related and unrelated genes in the probiotic strains. Swine and cattle probiotic E. faecium strains belonged to diverse sequence types. Phylogenetic analysis of the probiotic strains, and strains of human (n = 29), swine (n = 4), and cattle (n = 4) origin, downloaded from GenBank, indicated close clustering of strains belonging to the same species and source, but a few swine and cattle probiotic strains clustered closely with other cattle and human fecal strains. In conclusion, the absence of major virulence genes characteristic of the clinical E. faecium strains suggests that these probiotic strains are unlikely to initiate opportunistic infection. However, the carriage of AMR genes to medically important antibiotics and close clustering of the probiotic strains with other human and cattle fecal strains suggests that probiotic strains may pose risk to serve as a source of transmitting AMR genes to other gut bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi B Shridhar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5800, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5800, USA,Corresponding author:
| | - Mike Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5800, USA
| | - Isha Patel
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Jayanthi Gangiredla
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Mark Mammel
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - T G Nagaraja
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5800, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Different Responses of Microbiota across Intestinal Tract to Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 and Their Correlation with Inflammation in Weaned Piglets. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081767. [PMID: 34442847 PMCID: PMC8402050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 (HDRsEf1) was identified to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets, but the mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Based on the fact that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses, the effects of HDRsEf1 on microbiota across the intestinal tract in weaned piglets were investigated. Microbiota from the luminal contents and the mucosa of the ileum, cecum, and colon of HDRsEf1-treated piglets were explored by 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR. It was demonstrated that microbiota in different gut niches responded specifically to HDRsEf1, with major alterations occurring in the ileum and cecum. The total bacterial load of microbiota in ileal luminal contents and the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the ileal mucosa was significantly down-regulated by HDRsEf1 administration, while the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (including Clostridiaceae-1, Rumencoccidae, and Erysipelotrichaceae) in cecal luminal contents was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the utilization of HDRsEf1 improved intestinal morphological development and reduced the inflammatory response, which were negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the ileal mucosa and butyrate-producing bacteria in cecal luminal contents, respectively. Collectively, this study suggests that the administration of HDRsEf1 alters gut microbiota, thereby alleviating inflammation and improving intestinal morphological development in weaned piglets.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zommiti M, Chikindas ML, Ferchichi M. Probiotics-Live Biotherapeutics: a Story of Success, Limitations, and Future Prospects-Not Only for Humans. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1266-1289. [PMID: 31376026 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In livestock production, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent the most widespread microorganisms used as probiotics. For such critical use, these bacteria must be correctly identified and characterized to ensure their safety and efficiency. Recently, probiotics have become highly recognized as supplements for humans and in particular for animals because of their beneficial outcome on health improvement and well-being maintenance. Various factors, encompassing dietary and management constraints, have been demonstrated to tremendously influence the structure, composition, and activities of gut microbial communities in farm animals. Previous investigations reported the potential of probiotics in animal diets and nutrition. But a high rate of inconsistency in the efficiency of probiotics has been reported. This may be due, in a major part, to the dynamics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities. Under stressing surroundings, the direct-fed microbials may play a key role as the salient limiting factor of the severity of the dysbiosis caused by disruption of the normal intestinal balance. Probiotics are live microorganisms, which confer health benefits on the host by positively modifying the intestinal microflora. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize and to highlight the positive influence of probiotics and potential probiotic microbe supplementation in animal feed with mention of several limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zommiti
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mounir Ferchichi
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jeon J, Lourenco J, Kaiser EE, Waters ES, Scheulin KM, Fang X, Kinder HA, Platt SR, Rothrock MJ, Callaway TR, West FD, Park HJ. Dynamic Changes in the Gut Microbiome at the Acute Stage of Ischemic Stroke in a Pig Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:587986. [PMID: 33343283 PMCID: PMC7744295 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.587986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability affecting seven million adults in the United States each year. Recently, it has been demonstrated that neurological diseases, associated pathology, and susceptibility changes correlated with changes in the gut microbiota. However, changes in the microbial community in stroke has not been well characterized. The acute stage of stroke is a critical period for assessing injury severity, therapeutic intervention, and clinical prognosis. We investigated the changes in the gut microbiota composition and diversity using a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion ischemic stroke pig model. Ischemic stroke was induced by cauterization of the MCA in pigs. Blood samples were collected prestroke and 4 h, 12 h, 1 day, and 5 days poststroke to evaluate circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Fecal samples were collected prestroke and 1, 3, and 5 days poststroke to assess gut microbiome changes. Results showed elevated systemic inflammation with increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha at 4 h and interleukin-6 at 12 h poststroke, relative to prestroke. Microbial diversity and evenness were reduced at 1 day poststroke compared to prestroke. Microbial diversity at 3 days poststroke was negatively correlated with lesion volume. Moreover, beta-diversity analysis revealed trending overall differences over time, with the most significant changes in microbial patterns observed between prestroke and 3 days poststroke. Abundance of the Proteobacteria was significantly increased, while Firmicutes decreased at 3 days poststroke, compared to prestroke populations. Abundance of the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus was reduced at 3 days poststroke. By day 5, the microbial pattern returned to similar values as prestroke, suggesting the plasticity of gut microbiome in an acute period of stroke in a pig model. These findings provide a basis for characterizing gut microbial changes during the acute stage of stroke, which can be used to assess stroke pathology and the potential development of therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jeon
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jeferson Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Erin E Kaiser
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Waters
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kelly M Scheulin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Holly A Kinder
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Simon R Platt
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Todd R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hea Jin Park
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bai Y, Zhao JB, Tao SY, Zhou XJ, Pi Y, Gerrits WJ, Johnston LJ, Zhang SY, Yang HJ, Liu L, Zhang S, Wang JJ. Effect of dietary fiber fermentation on short-chain fatty acid production and microbial composition in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4282-4291. [PMID: 32378205 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficient utilization of fiber-rich co-products is important for optimizing feed resource utilization and animal health. This study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation characteristics of fiber-rich co-products, which had equal quantities of total dietary fiber (TDF), at different time points using batch in vitro methods. It considered their gas production, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and microbial composition. RESULTS The fermentation of wheat bran (WB) and oat bran (OB) showed higher and faster (P < 0.05) gas and SCFA production than corn bran (CB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), and soybean hulls (SH). The α-diversity was higher in the CB, SBP, and SH groups than in the WB and OB groups (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, OB and WB fermentation showed lower (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Actinobacteria than the CB, SBP, and SH groups. At the genus level, OB and WB fermentation increased the Enterococcus population in comparison with the CB, SBP, and SH groups, whereas CB and SBP fermentation improved the relative abundance of the Christensenellaceae R-7 group more than the WB, OB, and SH groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, WB and OB were rapidly fermented by fecal microbiota, in contrast with SBP, SH, and CB. Fermentation of different fiber-rich co-products with an equal TDF content gives different responses in terms of microbial composition and SCFA production due to variations in their physicochemical properties and molecular structure. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Biao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Boen Biotechnology Co. LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Walter Jj Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lee J Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, USA
| | - Shi-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin C, Wei Z, Yi Z, Tingting T, Huamao D, Lichun F. Analysis of the effects of nanosilver on bacterial community in the intestinal fluid of silkworms using high-throughput sequencing. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:309-320. [PMID: 31559940 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanosilver is an environment-friendly, harmless alternative of traditional disinfectants which can be potentially applied in the sericulture industry. However, the effects of nanosilver on the intestinal bacterial community of the silkworms (Bombyx mori L.) are unclear. In this study, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to assess the intestinal bacterial community in both male and female silkworms while treated with different concentrations of nanosilver. We found that nanosilver significantly influenced the composition of silkworm intestinal bacterial community on the different taxonomic levels. Most conspicuously, the abundance of Firmicutes was increased by the treatment of 20 mg L-1 nanosilver but decreased by that of 100 mg L-1 nanosilver at the phylum level. The same trend was observed in Bacilli at the class level and in Enterococcus at the genus level. In some extreme cases, application of nanosilver eliminated the bacterium, e.g., Brevibacillus, but increased the population of several other bacteria in the host intestine, such as Blautia, Terrisporobacter, Faecalibacterium, and some bacteria could only be found in nanosilver treatment groups, e.g., Dialister. In addition, although nanosilver generally showed negative effects on the cocooning rate in a dose-dependent manner, we found that 20 mg L-1 nanosilver treatment significantly increased the body weight of silkworms and did not show negative effects on the survival rate. These results indicated that the intestinal bacteria community of silkworm larvae was significantly changed after nanosilver treatment which might consequently influence host growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Zhou Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Zhou Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Tan Tingting
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | | | - Feng Lichun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Development of Swine's Digestive Tract Microbiota and Its Relation to Production Indices-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030527. [PMID: 32245217 PMCID: PMC7143181 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Proper cooperation between digestive system microbiota and the host is an important issue in maintaining proper health condition, and—in the case of farm animals—production indices. In the case of pigs, microbiota significantly affect production parameters such as meat quality, growth rate or improvement of immune response to infections. Understanding of pig digestive system microbiota and factors affecting this is an important issue. This may enable improvement of animal performance and stabilization of microbiota during their growth, reducing the risk of metabolic or systemic diseases. Abstract The development of research methods and tools related to microbiome investigation, as well as widened knowledge and awareness concerning the significance of microorganisms inhabiting mammalian organisms, has led to an increasing popularity of studies in this field. This review paper presents some issues related to the swine microbiome, its development starting from an early age of life and its status in adult animals, as well as factors affecting the microbiome in pigs. Attention is paid to the role of probiotics and prebiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in the context of post-weaning diarrhea treatment, and to the role of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract of pigs in performance indices formation. In veterinary and pork production practice, understanding of the swine microbiome and its relationships with the host organism may be useful in the prevention of some diseases and also in improvement of performance results of animals.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li M, Wang Y, Cui H, Li Y, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Wild Boar as Potential Probiotics. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:49. [PMID: 32118070 PMCID: PMC7026679 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are major microorganisms used for probiotic purposes and prime parts of the human and mammalian gut microbiota, which exert important health-promoting effects on the host. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the probiotic potential and safety of LAB strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a wild boar from the Greater Khingan Mountains, China. Amongst all of the isolated LAB strains, five isolates identified as Lactobacillus mucosae, Lactobacillus salivarius, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus durans, and Enterococcus faecium, were remarkably resistant to acid and bile salt. The probiotic characteristics (including adhesion capability, antimicrobial activities, autoaggregation, and coaggregation abilities), and safety properties (including hemolytic activity, antibiotic resistance, absence/presence of virulence factors, and in vivo safety) were evaluated. The results showed that all five isolates exhibited high adhesive potential, remarkable aggregation capacity, and antibacterial activities. Upon assessment of the safety, these strains were negative for hemolytic activity and all tested virulence genes. In vivo safety assessment showed no adverse effects of isolated strains supplementation on the body weight gain and organ indices of the treated mice. This study revealed that these LAB isolates, especially L. salivarius M2-71, possess desirable probiotic properties and have great potentials for the development of feed additives for animals to promote health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu H, Wang S, Zhang D, Wang J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Ji H. Effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici ZPA017 on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:120-126. [PMID: 36379222 PMCID: PMC6946981 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) ZPA017 as a probiotic on reproductive performance, fecal microbial flora and serum indices in sows during late gestation and lactation. METHODS A total of 94 sows (Large White×Yorkshire, average 4.50 parities) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: control diet and the diet supplemented with P. acidilactici ZPA017 (2.40×109 colony-forming unit/kg of diets). The study started at d 90 of gestation and conducted until d 28 of lactation. RESULTS Compared to sows fed the control diet, supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased the number of weaning piglets, weaning weight of litter and piglets, survival rate of piglets at weaning (p<0.05), and decreased diarrhea rate of piglets in lactation (p<0.05). Dietary P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased fecal Lactobacillus populations (p = 0.030) and reduced fecal Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus populations (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. Moreover, the supplementation of P. acidilactici ZPA017 increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and total protein (p<0.05), while decreased serum haptoglobin concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity (p<0.05) of sows at weaning. CONCLUSION Administration of P. acidilactici ZPA017 in diets during late gestation and lactation had positive effects on the reproductive performance, intestinal microflora balance and immunity of sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bauer BW, Gangadoo S, Bajagai YS, Van TTH, Moore RJ, Stanley D. Oregano powder reduces Streptococcus and increases SCFA concentration in a mixed bacterial culture assay. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216853. [PMID: 31821320 PMCID: PMC6903721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food borne illnesses have a world-wide economic impact and industries are continuously developing technologies to reduce the spread of disease caused by microorganisms. Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) have been used to decrease microbiological infections in animals and their potential transfer to humans. In recent years there has been a global trend to remove AGPs from animal feed in an attempt to reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistant genes into the human population. Phytobiotics, such as oregano powder, are one of the potential replacements for AGPs due to their well-established antimicrobial components. 16S rRNA gene amplicons were used to determine the effect of oregano powder (1% w/v) on the microbiota of mixed bacterial cell cultures, which were obtained from the ceca of traditionally grown meat chickens (broilers). Oregano powder had a mild effect on the microbial cell cultures increasing Enterococcus faecium, rearranging ratios of members in the genus Lactobacillus and significantly reducing the genus Streptococcus (p = 1.6e-3). Beneficial short chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetic and butyric acid, were also significantly increased in oregano powder supplemented cultures. These results suggest that oregano powder at a concentration of 1% (w/v) may have beneficial influences on mixed microbial communities and SCFA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Bauer
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheeana Gangadoo
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yadav Sharma Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- RMIT University, School of Science, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J. Moore
- RMIT University, School of Science, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lan R, Kim I. Enterococcus faecium supplementation in sows during gestation and lactation improves the performance of sucking piglets. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:92-99. [PMID: 31769224 PMCID: PMC7036309 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Enterococcus faecium DSM 7,134 supplementation on the performance of sows and their litters. A total of 15 primiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly divided into three treatments with five replicates. Dietary treatments were: CON, basal diet; E1, CON + 0.025% E. faecium; E2, CON + 0.05% E. faecium. No significant differences were observed on body weight and feed intake of lactating sows with E. faecium supplementation, but linearly increased the sow apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and gross energy (GE; p < .05), and decreased piglets pre-weaning mortality (p < .05). Piglets from E. faecium-supplemented sows linearly increased weaning weight, average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (p < .05), as well as linearly decreased diarrhoea score (p < .05) in the first weaning week. Piglets from E. faecium-supplemented sows linearly increased faecal Lactobacillus and Enterococci counts (p < .05), while linearly decreased faecal Escherichia coli counts (p < .05) after weaning. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of E. faecium improved the ATTD of DM, N and GE in lactating sows, as well as improved body weight, ADG and shifted faecal microbiota in their litters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Lan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan,, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan,, Choongnam, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fois CAM, Le TYL, Schindeler A, Naficy S, McClure DD, Read MN, Valtchev P, Khademhosseini A, Dehghani F. Models of the Gut for Analyzing the Impact of Food and Drugs. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900968. [PMID: 31592579 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Models of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be powerful tools for examining the biological interactions of food products and pharmaceuticals. This can be done under normal healthy conditions or using models of disease-many of which have no curative therapy. This report outlines the field of gastrointestinal modeling, with a particular focus on the intestine. Traditional in vivo animal models are compared to a range of in vitro models. In vitro systems are elaborated over time, recently culminating with microfluidic intestines-on-chips (IsOC) and 3D bioengineered models. Macroscale models are also reviewed for their important contribution in the microbiota studies. Lastly, it is discussed how in silico approaches may have utility in predicting and interpreting experimental data. The various advantages and limitations of the different systems are contrasted. It is posited that only through complementary use of these models will salient research questions be able to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Anna Maria Fois
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Thi Yen Loan Le
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Dale David McClure
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mark Norman Read
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department of Bioengineering Department of Radiology California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Evaluation of safety and probiotic properties of a strain of Enterococcus faecium isolated from chicken bile. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 57:578-587. [PMID: 32116367 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are important bacteria due to their benefit on human health. In this study, four strains of lactic acid bacteria from chicken bile were isolated and the strain with the best antimicrobial activity was selected for further identification and evaluation on its probiotic traits and safety. The strain was identified as Enterococcus faecium by biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The strain, named E. faecium MK-SQ-1, was tolerant to acid (pH 3.0), bile salts (up to 0.3%) or trypsin (up to 0.4%) for 3 h and it was able to survive from high temperature (up to 60 °C) for 15 min. This strain inhibited the growth of Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus intermediately. The genes responsible for virulence including asa1, cylA, efaA, esp, gelE and hyl were absent and the mice administrated orally with a very high dose (2 × 109 CFU) of the strain daily for 35 days were not found abnormal. The strain enhanced the serum IgG level and phagocytic index of mice significantly by daily oral administration at a high dose (2 × 108 CFU) for 21 days (p < 0.05). The strain did not have multi-antibiotic resistance and vancomycin resistance. Comprehensive evaluation showed E. faecium MK-SQ-1 could be a candidate as a probiotic strain used in human or animals.
Collapse
|
26
|
Effect of Multi-Microbial Probiotic Formulation Bokashi on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Profile in the Serum, Colostrum and Milk of Sows, and in a Culture of Polymorphonuclear Cells Isolated from Colostrum. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:220-232. [PMID: 29305686 PMCID: PMC6449489 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics in sows during pregnancy and lactation and their impact on the quality of colostrum and milk, as well as the health conditions of their offspring during the rearing period, are currently gaining the attention of researchers. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Bokashi formulation on the concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of sows during pregnancy, in their colostrum and milk, and in a culture of Con-A-stimulated polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) isolated from the colostrum. The study was conducted on 60 sows aged 2–4 years. EM Bokashi were added to the sows’ feed. The material for the study consisted of peripheral blood, colostrum, and milk. Blood samples were collected from the sows on days 60 and 114 of gestation. Colostrum and milk samples were collected from all sows at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h after parturition. The results indicate that the use of Bokashi as feed additives resulted in increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, which increase the protective capacity of the colostrum by stimulating cellular immune mechanisms protecting the sow and neonates against infection. At the same time, the increased concentrations of cytokines IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and of immunoglobulins in the colostrum and milk from sows in the experimental group demonstrate the immunoregulatory effect of Bokashi on Th2 cells and may lead to increased expression of regulatory T cells and polarization of the immune response from Th1 to Th2.
Collapse
|
27
|
Peng X, Wang R, Hu L, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Yang M, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Jiang X, Zhuo Y, Li H, Wu D, Che L. Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 administration improves the intestinal health and immunity in neonatal piglets infected by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:72. [PMID: 31452881 PMCID: PMC6702752 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) on intestinal development, immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC). A total of 96 1-day-old sow-reared piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups, with 48 piglets in each group. The piglets were from 16 litters (6 piglets each litter), and 3 piglets each litter were allocated to the E. faecium-supplemented (PRO) group, while the other 3 piglets were allocated to the control (CON) group. After colostrum intake, piglets in the PRO group were orally administrated with 3 × 109 CFU E. faecium per day for a period of one week. On day 8, one piglet per litter from each group was challenged (CON+ETEC, PRO+ETEC) or not (CON-ETEC, PRO-ETEC) with ETEC in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. On day 10 (2 days after challenge), blood and tissue samples were obtained from piglets. Results Before ETEC challenge, there were no significant differences for the average daily gain (ADG) and fecal score between the two groups of piglets. After ETEC challenge, the challenged piglets had greater fecal score compared to the non-challenged piglets, whereas E. faecium administration was able to decrease the fecal score. Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height, deeper crypt depth, and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased mRNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum, whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes, concentrations of IL-1β in the plasma and TNF-α in the ileal mucosa, as well as increased the mRNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue. These deleterious effects caused by ETEC were partly alleviated by feeding E. faecium. In addition, piglets in PRO-ETEC group had decreased the percentage of CD8+ T cells of the peripheral blood when compared to those in CON-ETEC group. Moreover, E. faecium administration increased Verrucomicrobia at phylum level and decreased Bilophila at genus level. Conclusions These results suggest that oral administration of E. faecium alleviated the intestinal injury and diarrhea severity of neonatal piglets challenged by ETEC, partly through improving the intestinal microbiota and immune response. This offers a potential strategy of dietary intervention against intestinal impairment by ETEC in neonatal piglets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0376-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xie Peng
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Wang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China.,Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu Y, Zhen W, Geng Y, Wang Z, Guo Y. Pretreatment with probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 ameliorates necrotic enteritis-induced intestinal barrier injury in broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10256. [PMID: 31311959 PMCID: PMC6635415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of tight-junction integrity caused by necrotic enteritis (NE) is associated with decreased nutrient absorption and gut injury in broiler chickens. Although probiotic Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) has been reported to possess immune-regulatory characteristics and can prevent diarrhea in pigs, very little information exists in relation to the specific regulatory impact of E. faecium NCIMB 11181 on NE-induced intestinal barrier injury of broiler chickens. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of probiotic E. faecium NCIMB 11181 on NE-induced intestinal barrier injury in broiler chickens. The study also aimed to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin these protective effects. One hundred and eighty Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chicks (one day old) were randomly assigned using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement into two groups fed different levels of dietary E. faecium NCIMB 11181 (0 or 2 × 108 CFU/kg of diet) and two disease-challenge groups (control or NE challenged). The results showed that NE induced body weight loss, intestinal lesions, and histopathological inflammation, as well as intestinal-cell apoptosis. These symptoms were alleviated following the administration of probiotic E. faecium NCIMB 11181. Pretreatment with probiotic E. faecium NCIMB 11181 significantly upregulated the expression of the Claudin-1 gene encoding a tight-junction protein. Claudin-1 and HSP70 protein expression were also increased in the jejunum regardless of NE infection. Furthermore, NE-infected birds fed with E. faecium displayed notable increases in MyD88, NF-κB, iNOS, PI3K, GLP-2, IL-1β, IL-4, and HSP70 mRNA expression. E. faecium NCIMB 11181 administration also significantly improved the animals’ intestinal microbial composition regardless of NE treatment. These findings indicated that addition of E. faecium NCIMB 11181 to poultry feed is effective in mitigating NE-induced gut injury, possibly by strengthening intestinal mucosal barrier function, as well as modulating gut microflora and intestinal mucosal immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fiber-rich foods affected gut bacterial community and short-chain fatty acids production in pig model. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
30
|
Barba-Vidal E, Martín-Orúe SM, Castillejos L. Practical aspects of the use of probiotics in pig production: A review. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
31
|
Toward rational selection criteria for selection of probiotics in pigs. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 107:83-112. [PMID: 31128749 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An accurate understanding of properties of probiotics is a prerequisite for selecting probiotic organisms for use in swine production. This review aims to review selection criteria for probiotic organism in swine. The systematically investigated ecological history rather than the source of isolates should be regarded as the natural origin of probiotic strains, which helps to correct the inconsistencies arising from incorrect identification of the source. Moreover, in vivo studies are suggested as follow-up assessment to validate the characteristics of probiotic predicted by in vitro experiments. In addition, the intended probiotic effect depends on the age of the animal and disease prevention in young animals may require different probiotic strains when compared to growth promotion in older animals. With adequate selection criteria, the inclusion of probiotic in feed supplementation is a promising way to exert positive effects on sows, newborns, weanling animals and grower-finisher pigs. Both host-adapted probiotics and nomadic probiotics can be applied for pathogen inhibition but host adapted organisms appear to have a different mode of action. Host-adapted probiotic strains are likely to be associated with exclusive colonization while the nomadic or environmental strain exert better immune stimulating functions. Strains with potent enzymatic activity are fitter for grower pigs favoring feed digestion and enhancing growth performance.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhong XQ, Liu MY, Xu C, Liu WB, Abasubong KP, Li XF. Dietary supplementation of Streptococcus faecalis benefits the feed utilization, antioxidant capability, innate immunity, and disease resistance of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:643-656. [PMID: 30539413 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Streptococcus faecalis on the growth performance, intestinal histology, antioxidant capability, innate immunity, and disease resistance of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish were fed five experimental diets containing 0 (SF0, control), 1 × 105 (SF1), 1 × 106 (SF2), 1 × 107 (SF3), and 1 × 108 cfu/g (SF4) of Streptococcus faecalis, respectively, for 10 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila with the cumulative mortality recorded during a period of 96 h. The results showed that WG and FI of fish both showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) among all the treatments. However, the FCR was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by Streptococcus faecalis levels with the lowest value observed in the SF2 group, whereas the opposite was true for intestinal microvillus length (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 1 × 106 cfu/g Streptococcus faecalis significantly (P < 0.05) increased the hepatic activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx; plasma activities of LZM, MPO, ACP, and AKP; and the levels of C3, C4, and IgM of fish, compared with the control group. Similar results were also observed in the tissue expressions of Leap-I, Leap-II, muc2, and muc5b (P < 0.05), whereas the opposite was true for liver MDA contents and plasma NO levels (P < 0.05). At 96 h after challenge, the cumulative mortality of the control was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the SF2 group, but it showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05) with that of the other treatments. These results indicated that dietary supplementation of 1 × 106 cfu/g Streptococcus faecalis could not only improve the feed utilization of blunt snout bream but also enhance its antioxidant capability, innate immunity, and disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming-Yang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kenneth-Prudence Abasubong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu Y, Zhen W, Geng Y, Wang Z, Guo Y. Effects of dietary Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 supplementation on growth performance and cellular and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:150-163. [PMID: 30137622 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 on growth performance and immune response in broiler chickens. A total of 360 1-day-old Arbor Acres male birds were randomly assigned to 4 treatments that administered different dosages of E. faecium (0, 5 × 107, 1 × 108, and 2 × 108 CFU E. faecium/kg diet). The results revealed that average daily gain (ADG) changed quadratically, while feed conversion rate (FCR) increased linearly from day 22 to 35 and day 1 to 35 (P < 0.05). Supplementation of E. faecium at 5 × 107CFU/kg diet resulted in increased ADG (P < 0.05) compared with the other groups. Birds fed with 2 × 108 CFU/kg E. faecium exhibited increased peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in response to concanavalin A (Con A) (P < 0.05) at day 35 and enhanced skin responses following phytohemagglutinin (PHA) injection (P < 0.05) at 12 h. Serum lysozyme activity at day 21 increased linearly with dietary E. faecium concentration (P < 0.05), the highest activity was observed in the 1 × 108 and the 2 × 108 CFU E. faecium groups (P < 0.01). Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and anti-inflammatory IL-4, IL-10 changed linearly or quadratically both at the initial and final phases (P < 0.05). In addition, BSA antibody titers were significantly increased following both primary and secondary inoculation when birds were fed with 1 × 108 or 2 × 108 CFU/kg E. faecium (P < 0.05). In comparison with other groups, birds received 5 × 107 CFU E. faecium exhibited the highest levels of serum IgG (P < 0.05) at day 35. Together, our results revealed that broiler diet supplemented with 5 × 107 CFU/kg E. faecium NCIMB 11181 was appropriate in relation to growth performance under normal conditions. Upon administration with higher dosages of E. faecium NCIMB 11181, obvious immune-stimulatory effects were observed following both cell-mediated and humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100093 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The Inflammatory Response to Enterotoxigenic E. coli and Probiotic E. faecium in a Coculture Model of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial and Dendritic Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9368295. [PMID: 30670931 PMCID: PMC6317115 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9368295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium constitutes an interface between the intestinal contents and the underlying gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) including dendritic cells (DC). Interactions of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and resident DC are characterized by bidirectional crosstalk mediated by various factors, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). In the present study, we aimed (1) to model the interplay of both cell types in a porcine in vitro coculture consisting of IEC (cell line IPEC-J2) and monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) and (2) to assess whether immune responses to bacteria are altered because of the interplay between IPEC-J2 cells and MoDC. With regard to the latter, we focused on the inflammasome pathway. Here, we propose caspase-13 as a promising candidate for the noncanonical inflammasome activation in pigs. We conducted challenge experiments with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and probiotic Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) NCIMB 10415. As potential mediators of IEC/DC interactions, TGF-β and TSLP were selected for analyses. Cocultured MoDC showed attenuated ETEC-induced inflammasome-related and proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-8 reactions compared with MoDC monocultures. Caspase-13 was more strongly expressed in IPEC-J2 cells cocultured with MoDC and upon ETEC incubation. We found that IPEC-J2 cells and MoDC were capable of releasing TSLP. The latter cells secreted greater amounts of TSLP when cocultured with IPEC-J2 cells. TGF-β was not modulated under the present experimental conditions in either cell types. We conclude that, in the presence of IPEC-J2 cells, porcine MoDC exhibited a more tolerogenic phenotype, which might be partially regulated by autocrine TSLP production. Noncanonical inflammasome signaling appeared to be modulated in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results indicate that the reciprocal interplay of the intestinal epithelium and GALT is essential for promoting balanced immune responses.
Collapse
|
35
|
Effects of Newly Developed Synbiotic and Commercial Probiotic Products on The Haematological Indices, Serum Cytokines, Acute Phase Proteins Concentration, and Serum Immunoglobulins Amount in Sows and Growing Pigs - A Pilot Study. J Vet Res 2018; 62:317-328. [PMID: 30584611 PMCID: PMC6296002 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to determine the effects of supplementation of sows' and growing pigs' diets with three newly developed synbiotic and two extant commercial probiotic products on selected immune parameters under field conditions. Material and Methods The study was performed on 30 sows and 48 piglets of the Danbred breed. Immune parameters such as concentration and proportion of white blood cells and their subpopulations, immunoglobulins amount in serum, and serum concentration of cytokines and acute phase proteins were recorded with the use of a haematology analyser and ELISA kits. Results No significant differences between treatment groups and controls were found with regard to the immune parameters evaluated except for serum immunoglobulin concentration, which was significantly increased by synbiotic products B and C and probiotic product D. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that the synbiotic products B and C and probiotic product D are worthy of further investigation as promising candidates to improve the immune status of healthy sows and their offspring.
Collapse
|
36
|
Poulsen ASR, de Jonge N, Nielsen JL, Højberg O, Lauridsen C, Cutting SM, Canibe N. Impact of Bacillus spp. spores and gentamicin on the gastrointestinal microbiota of suckling and newly weaned piglets. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207382. [PMID: 30481191 PMCID: PMC6258502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Administrating antibiotics to young piglets may have short- and long-term consequences on the gut microbiota. We hypothesised that these consequences may be alleviated by concurrent probiotic administration. The study objective was to investigate the effect of administrating gentamicin and a mixture of Bacillus (B.) licheniformis, B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaeceans spores on the gut microbiota of piglets pre- and post-weaning. Twenty-four sows and their litters were randomly allocated to four treatment groups receiving; a) Bacillus spore mixture (six B. subtilis, two B. amyloliquefaeceans, and one B. licheniformis) fed to sows and piglets (PRO); b) gentamicin (5 mg per day) administered to piglets on day 4, 5, and 6 of age (AB); c) Bacillus spore mixture fed to sows and piglets, and gentamicin to piglets (PRO+AB); or d) no administration of probiotics or antibiotics (CTRL). Faecal and digesta samples were collected repeatedly during the study. Selected samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, culture counts, and organic acid, biogenic amine and tissue gene expression analysis. Treatment had a significant effect on the faecal microbial community composition on day 28 and 42, and colonic community on day 28. Faecal species richness (observed and estimated) and Shannon index, and colonic species richness, were higher in AB compared to PRO piglets on day 28, and were not significantly different from day 42. PRO piglets had the highest faecal concentration of iso-butyric acid on day 7 and a higher butyric acid concentration compared to CTRL piglets. We conclude that gentamicin and Bacillus spores influence the gut microbial diversity of piglets, although administration of gentamicin did not result in dysbiosis as hypothesised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie Riis Poulsen
- Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Nadieh de Jonge
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lauridsen
- Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Simon M. Cutting
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nuria Canibe
- Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ströbel C, Günther E, Romanowski K, Büsing K, Urubschurov V, Zeyner A. Effects of oral supplementation of probiotic strains ofLactobacillus rhamnosusandEnterococcus faeciumon diarrhoea events of foals in their first weeks of life. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1357-1365. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ströbel
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences; Group Animal Nutrition; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Elena Günther
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences; Group Animal Nutrition; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Kirsten Büsing
- District Administration Vulkaneifel; Department 8: Veterinary Office and Agriculture; Daun Germany
| | - Vladimir Urubschurov
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences; Group Animal Nutrition; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences; Group Animal Nutrition; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tsukahara T, Nakamura SI, Romero-Pèrez GA, Ohwaki M, Yanagisawa T, Kan T. Stimulation of murine cell-mediated immunity by dietary administration of a cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain KH-2 and its possible activity against tumour development in mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2018; 37:49-57. [PMID: 30094120 PMCID: PMC6081610 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.17-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) stimulate cell-mediated immunity such as natural killer (NK) activity in mice. Here, we aimed to assay the immunomodulatory effects of a cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain KH-2 (CPEF). We further evaluated the possibility of antitumour activity caused by CPEF administration, because NK cells actively participate in the prevention of tumour formation. NK cell activity and gene expression of IFN-γ and Perforin 1, which were induced most likely by a synergetic action of their cytotoxic activity, were higher in splenocytes of CPEF-administered mice than they were in control mice. Moreover, unlike those of control mice, the splenocytes of CPEF-administered mice had significantly higher CD28+CD69+/CD4+ and CD28+CD69+/CD8+ ratios that resulted in a survival rate with a tendency toward improvement after 47 days of CPEF administration (p=0.1) in Meth-A fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. In conclusion, we showed that CPEF might be effective in treating Meth-A fibrosarcoma in mice, as it helped increase their survival rate via stimulation of an immune response in splenocytes, which involved systemic cellular immunity processes such as cytotoxic activity, and active T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Tsukahara
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Gustavo A Romero-Pèrez
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohwaki
- Non-Profit Organisation, The Japanese Association of Clinical Research on Supplements, 1-9-24 Shihogi, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1248, Japan
| | - Takaharu Yanagisawa
- Broma Laboratory Ltd., 1-26 Kandasuda-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0041, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kan
- Bio-Lab Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Komagawa, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1249, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Roselli M, Pieper R, Rogel-Gaillard C, de Vries H, Bailey M, Smidt H, Lauridsen C. Immunomodulating effects of probiotics for microbiota modulation, gut health and disease resistance in pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
40
|
Yin L, Yang H, Li J, Li Y, Ding X, Wu G, Yin Y. Pig models on intestinal development and therapeutics. Amino Acids 2017; 49:2099-2106. [PMID: 28986749 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in nutrient supply, digestion, and absorption, and has a crucial impact on the entire organism. Much attention is being paid to utilize animal models to study the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases in response to intestinal development and health. The piglet has a body size similar to that of the human and is an omnivorous animal with comparable anatomy, nutritional requirements, and digestive and associated inflammatory processes, and displays similarities to the human intestinal microbial ecosystem, which make piglets more appropriate as an animal model for human than other non-primate animals. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize key attributes of the piglet model with which to study human intestinal development and intestinal health through probing into the etiology of several gastrointestinal diseases, thus providing a theoretical and hopefully practical, basis for further studies on mammalian nutrition, health, and disease, and therapeutics. Given the comparable nutritional requirements and strikingly similar brain developmental patterns between young piglets and humans, the piglet has been used as an important translational model for studying neurodevelopmental outcomes influenced by pediatric nutrition. Because of similarities in anatomy and physiology between pigs and mankind, more emphasises are put on how to use the piglet model for human organ transplantation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Yin
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China. .,Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xueqing Ding
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.,Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, 410081, Hunan, China. .,Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Altered Cytokine Expression and Barrier Properties after In Vitro Infection of Porcine Epithelial Cells with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Probiotic Enterococcus faecium. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2748192. [PMID: 28607532 PMCID: PMC5457759 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2748192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of the probiotic feed additive Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) on porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) during an in vitro challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Cells were incubated with E. faecium, ETEC, or both, and the effects on barrier function and structure and intra- and intercellular signaling were determined. Coincubation with E. faecium abolished the ETEC-induced decrease in transepithelial resistance (Rt) (p ≤ 0.05). No differences were seen in the expression levels of the intercellular connecting tight junction proteins examined. However, for the first time, a reorganization of the monolayer was observed in ETEC-infected cells but not in coincubated cells. ETEC induced an increase in cytotoxicity that was prevented by coincubation (p ≤ 0.05), whereas apoptosis rates were not affected by bacterial treatment. ETEC increased the mRNA expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 which could be prevented by coincubation for TNF-α mRNA expression and IL-6 protein (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, cAMP concentrations elevated by ETEC were reduced in coincubated cells (p ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate a protective effect of the probiotic E. faecium on inflammatory responses during infection with ETEC.
Collapse
|
42
|
Dubreuil JD. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and probiotics in swine: what the bleep do we know? BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2017; 36:75-90. [PMID: 28785529 PMCID: PMC5510153 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.16-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The concept of certain microorganisms conferring direct benefits to the host relates to the term "probiotic". Probiotics are microorganisms, bacteria, or yeast that when administered orally in sufficient quantity can counteract the effect of pathogenic microorganisms. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the site where probiotics are believed to play the most important role. The proposed effects of probiotics include antagonism of pathogens, interference with adherence, competition for nutrients, enterotoxin inactivation, modulation of the immune response, and strengthening of the intestinal barrier. From birth to postweaning, piglets are very sensitive to gut colonisation by pathogens. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli represents one of the most common agents of swine diarrhoea. The enterotoxins produced by this E. coli virotype are responsible for the loss of electrolytes and water observed following infection. This review addresses more specifically the studies done during the last 10 years deciphering the molecular mechanisms at play between host cell and probiotic interactions in the swine GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Daniel Dubreuil
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lodemann U, Amasheh S, Radloff J, Kern M, Bethe A, Wieler LH, Pieper R, Zentek J, Aschenbach JR. Effects of Ex Vivo Infection with ETEC on Jejunal Barrier Properties and Cytokine Expression in Probiotic-Supplemented Pigs. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:922-933. [PMID: 27995406 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are involved in piglet post-weaning diarrhea. Prophylactic measures including probiotics have been examined in infection experiments with live piglets. In the present study, we have tested whether the early effects of ETEC infection can also be evoked and studied in a model in which ETEC is added to whole mucosal tissues ex vivo, and whether this response can be modulated by prior supplementation of the piglets with probiotics. METHODS Jejunal barrier and transport properties of Enterococcus faecium-supplemented or control piglets were assessed in Ussing chambers. Part of the epithelia was challenged with an ETEC strain at the mucosal side. Fluxes of fluorescein as a marker of paracellular permeability, and the expression of selected tight junction (TJ) proteins and of proinflammatory cytokines were measured. RESULTS The addition of ETEC ex vivo induced an increase in transepithelial resistance peaking in the first 2 h with a concomitant reduction in fluorescein fluxes, indicating tightening effects on barrier function. The response of short-circuit current after stimulation with PGE2 or glucose was reduced in epithelia treated with ETEC. ETEC induced a decrease in the TJ protein claudin-4 in the control diet group after 280 min and an increase in the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 and TNF-α in both groups after 180 min. CONCLUSIONS The addition of ETEC ex vivo affected barrier function and transport properties of the jejunal tissues and enhanced cytokine expression. The differences in claudin-4 expression in the jejunum might indicate a beneficial effect of E. faecium prefeeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Lodemann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Radloff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Kern
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Bethe
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.,Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13302, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Carasi P, Racedo SM, Jacquot C, Elie AM, Serradell MDLÁ, Urdaci MC. Enterococcus durans EP1 a Promising Anti-inflammatory Probiotic Able to Stimulate sIgA and to Increase Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Abundance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:88. [PMID: 28239378 PMCID: PMC5300979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus species, principally Enterococcus faecium are used as probiotics since a long time with preference in animal applications but safety considerations were updated and also new uses as probiotics can be envisaged. Fifteen Enterococcus strains isolated from different foods were identified and analyzed for virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Three Enterococcus durans strains were selected to study their immunomodulatory properties on PBMC and Caco2 cells. Two strains presented a profile toward a mild inflammatory Th1 response considering TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-1β/IL-10 cytokines ratios. The third strain EP1, presented an anti-inflammatory potential and was selected for in vivo studies. In mice, the strain was well tolerated and did not cause any adverse effects. EP1 administration increased the amount of IgA+ cells in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) after 7 days of administration. In fecal samples, the IgA content increased gradually and significantly from day 7 to day 21 in treated group. Additionally, IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and CXCL1 gene expression significantly decreased on day 21 in Peyer’s patches and IL-17 decreased in MLN. Mice treated with the probiotic showed significant lower mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mucins in the ileum at day 7 while their expression was normalized at day 21. Colonic expression of il-1β, il6, and mucins remain diminished at day 21. Ileum and colon explants from treated mice stimulated in vitro with LPS showed a significant reduction in IL-6 and an increase in IL-10 secretion suggesting an in vivo protective effect of the probiotic treatment against a proinflammatory stimulus. Interestingly, analysis of feces microbiota demonstrated that EP1 administration increase the amount of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate-producing bacteria, which is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, we demonstrated that EP1 strain is a strong sIgA inducer and possess mucosal anti-inflammatory properties. This strain also modulates gut microbiota increasing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a functionally important bacterium. Thus, E. durans EP1 is not only a good candidate to increases F. prausnitzii in some cases of dysbiosis but can also be interesting in gut inflammatory disorders therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Carasi
- UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux, Gradignan, France; Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; CCT-La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvia María Racedo
- UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux , Gradignan , France
| | - Claudine Jacquot
- UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux , Gradignan , France
| | - Anne Marie Elie
- UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux , Gradignan , France
| | - María de Los Ángeles Serradell
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; CCT-La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María C Urdaci
- UMR 5248, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biochimie Appliquée (LBMA), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Université de Bordeaux , Gradignan , France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mahmoud K, Obeidat B, Al-Sadi M, Hatahet S. Effect of Bacillus subtilis supplementation and dietary crude protein level on growth performance and intestinal morphological changes of meat type chicken. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
46
|
Chen H, Velayudhan D, Li A, Feng Z, Liu D, Yin Y, Nyachoti C. Growth performance, gastrointestinal microbial activity, and immunological response of piglets receiving microencapsulatedEnterococcus faecalisCG1.0007 and enzyme complex after an oral challenge withEscherichia coli(K88). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine effects of dietary microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 probiotic and multienzyme complex (MC) in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) challenged piglets. Thirty-six, 21-d-old weanling pigs were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments: a wheat–barley based negative control (NC), NC + MC, NC + probiotic, and NC + MC + probiotic. After 7-d acclimatization to treatments, pigs were weighed, blood was sampled, and then the pigs were orally challenged with an ETEC inoculum. After the challenge, blood was sampled at different time points; performance measures and fecal consistency scores were recorded; and on day 14, all pigs were killed to obtain intestinal tissue samples. During prechallenge, pigs receiving enzyme, probiotic, and a combination of both showed a significant improvement in daily gain (P = 0.03) and feed efficiency (P = 0.04) compared with control. During the postchallenge period, a greater (P = 0.05) ileal villus height was observed for diets supplemented with probiotic alone. Overall, pigs fed diets with probiotic alone also showed less incidence of diarrhea (P = 0.04) compared with control. In summary, the results indicate that dietary supplementation with microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC was effective in controlling diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H.S. Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin, China
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - D.E. Velayudhan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - A. Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, China
| | - Z. Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin, China
| | - D. Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin, China
| | - Y.L. Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - C.M. Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Giannenas I, Doukas D, Karamoutsios A, Tzora A, Bonos E, Skoufos I, Tsinas A, Christaki E, Tontis D, Florou-Paneri P. Effects of Enterococcus faecium, mannan oligosaccharide, benzoic acid and their mixture on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology and blood lymphocyte subpopulations of fattening pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
48
|
TORREZAN TM, SILVA JTD, MIQUEO E, ROCHA NB, SILVA FLM, BALDASSIN S, BITTAR CMM. Desempenho de bezerros leiteiros recebendo probiótico contendo Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402016000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Foram utilizados 24 bezerros que receberam 4L/dia de sucedâneo, além de livre acesso a água e concentrado até a 8a semana. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em dois tratamentos: 1) Controle: sem a suplementação de probiótico; 2) Suplementação de 2g/d de Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis via sucedâneo lácteo. Semanalmente os animais foram pesados e foram aferidas as medidas corporais; também foram realizadas colheitas de sangue para determinação de glicose, proteína total, ureia e albumina, além de hematócrito. Foram colhidas amostras de fezes semanalmente para contagem de bactérias ácido láticas e enterobactérias e determinação de pH fecal. O peso corporal, o ganho de peso médio diário e as medidas corporais não foram alteradas pela suplementação; muito embora tenham apresentado efeito significativo de idade dos animais. O escore fecal, pH fecal e consumo de concentrado diário também não foram afetados pela suplementação. No entanto, o consumo de concentrado e o pH fecal sofreram influência da idade em resposta ao crescimento natural dos bezerros. A contagem de bactérias ácido láticas foi maior em número do que a contagem de enterobactérias durante todo o período. Apenas as enterobactérias sofreram efeito da idade, enquanto as bactérias ácido láticas permaneceram variando, porém dentro de um padrão constante. Os parâmetros sanguíneos também não foram afetados pela suplementação com probiótico mas todos, com a exceção da albumina, tiveram influência da idade. A suplementação com o probiótico não apresentou benefícios no desempenho ou no metabolismo de bezerros leiteiros, também não reduziu a ocorrência de casos de diarreia.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kiarie E, Walsh MC, Nyachoti CM. Performance, digestive function, and mucosal responses to selected feed additives for pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
50
|
Wang YB, Du W, Fu AK, Zhang XP, Huang Y, Lee KH, Yu K, Li WF, Li YL. Intestinal microbiota and oral administration of Enterococcus faecium associated with the growth performance of new-born piglets. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:529-38. [PMID: 27089950 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The oral administration of Enterococcus faecium EF1 to new-born suckling and weaning piglets along with their growth performances and intestinal microbiota was investigated in this study. Twenty-four new-born piglets were initially divided into 2 groups. The probiotics group received 2 ml of 10% sterilised skimmed milk by oral gavage supplemented with 6×10(8) cfu/ml viable E. faecium EF1 at the first, the third and the fifth day after birth, while the control group received 2 ml of 10% sterilised skimmed milk without probiotics at the same time. Results showed that oral administration of E. faecium EF1 was associated with a remarkable increase on the body weight of piglets for both suckling and weaning periods, by 30.73% (P<0.01) and 320.84% (P<0.01), and also decreased the diarrhoea rate, by 43.21% (P<0.05) and 71.42% (P<0.05), respectively. In addition, 454-pyrosequencing analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the intestinal microbial diversity of the suckling piglets between the two groups; nevertheless, when compared to the control group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the probiotics group was substantially augmented, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria diminished. However, results indicated that oral administration of E. faecium EF1 did not have any influence on the relative abundance of Firmicutes in weaning piglets rather than increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. Furthermore, at the level of the Firmicutes phylum, the relative abundance of Lactobacillales in the probiotic group increased significantly. These findings suggest that oral administration of E. faecium EF1 to new-born piglets could improve the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of piglets for both suckling and weaning periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y B Wang
- 1 College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China P.R
| | - W Du
- 1 College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China P.R
| | - A K Fu
- 1 College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China P.R
| | - X P Zhang
- 1 College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China P.R.,2 College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China P.R
| | - Y Huang
- 1 College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China P.R.,3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China P.R
| | - K H Lee
- 4 Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - K Yu
- 4 Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - W F Li
- 1 College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China P.R
| | - Y L Li
- 1 College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China P.R
| |
Collapse
|